Dissertations / Theses: 'Perception faciale'

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Bayet, Laurie. "Le développement de la perception des expressions faciales." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS049/document.

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Cette thèse se propose d'examiner le développement de la perception des expressions faciales émotionnelles en le replaçant dans le cadre théorique de la perception des visages: séparation entre aspects variants (expression, regard) et invariants (genre, type), rôle de l'expérience, attention sociale. Plus spécifiquement, nous avons cherché à mettre en évidence l'existence, tant chez l'enfant que chez le nourrisson, d'interactions réciproques entre la perception d'expressions faciales de colère, de sourire ou de peur et la perception du genre (Études 1-2), la perception du regard (Étude 3), et la détection des visages (Étude 4).Dans un premier temps, nous avons montré que les adultes et les enfants de 5 à 12 ans tendent à catégoriser les visages en colère comme masculins (Étude 1). Comparer les performances humaines avec celles de classifieurs automatique suggère que ce biais reflète l'utilisation de certains traits et relations de second-ordre des visages pour en déterminer le genre. Le biais est identique à tous les âges étudiés ainsi que pour les visages de types non-familiers. Dans un second temps, nous avons testé si, chez le nourrisson, la perception du sourire dépend de dimensions invariantes du visage sensibles à l'expérience - le genre et le type (Étude 2). Les nourrissons ont généralement plus d'expérience avec les visages féminins d'un seul type. Les nourrissons de 3.5 mois montrent une préférence visuelle pour les visages souriants (dents visibles, versus neutre, de type familier) lorsque ceux-ci sont féminins; l'inverse est observé lorsqu'ils sont masculins. L'effet n'est pas répliqué lorsque les dents des visages souriants (d'un type familier ou non) ne sont pas visibles. Nous avons cherché à généraliser ces résultats à une tâche de référencement d'objet chez des nourrissons de 3.5, 9 et 12 mois (Étude 3). Les objets préalablement référencés par des visages souriants étaient autant regardés que les objets préalablement référencés par des visages neutres, quel que soit le groupe d'âge ou le genre du visage, et ce malgré des différences en terme de suivi du regard. Enfin, en employant une mesure univariée (préférence visuelle pour le visage) et une mesure multivariée (évidence globale distinguant le visage du bruit) de la détection du visage à chaque essai, associées à une modélisation des courbes psychométriques par modèles non-linéaire mixtes, nous mettons en évidence une meilleure détection des visages de peur (comparés aux visages souriants) dans le bruit phasique chez les nourrissons à 3.5, 6 et 12 mois (Étude 4).Ces résultats éclairent le développement précoce et le mécanisme des relations entre genre et émotion dans la perception des visages ainsi que de la sensibilité à la peur
This thesis addressed the question of how the perception of emotional facial expressions develops, reframing it in the theoretical framework of face perception: the separation of variant (expression, gaze) and invariant (gender, race) streams, the role of experience, and social attention. More specifically, we investigated how in infants and children the perception of angry, smiling, or fearful facial expressions interacts with gender perception (Studies 1-2), gaze perception (Study 3), and face detection (Study 4).In a first study, we found that adults and 5-12 year-old children tend to categorize angry faces as male (Study 1). Comparing human performance with that of several automatic classifiers suggested that this reflects a strategy of using specific features and second-order relationships in the face to categorize gender. The bias was constant over all ages studied and extended to other-race faces, further suggesting that it doesn't require extensive experience. A second set of studies examined whether, in infants, the perception of smiling depends on experience-sensitive, invariant dimensions of the face such as gender and race (Study 2). Indeed, infants are typically most familiar with own-race female faces. The visual preference of 3.5 month-old infants for open-mouth, own-race smiling (versus neutral) faces was restricted to female faces and reversed in male faces. The effect did not replicate with own- or other-race closed-mouth smiles. We attempted to extend these results to an object-referencing task in 3.5-, 9- and 12-month-olds (Study 3). Objects previously referenced by smiling faces attracted similar attention as objects previously cued by neutral faces, regardless of age group and face gender, and despite differences in gaze following. Finally, we used univariate (face side preference) and multivariate (face versus noise side decoding evidence) trial-level measures of face detection, coupled with non-linear mixed modeling of psychometric curves, to reveal the detection advantage of fearful faces (compared to smiling faces) embedded in phase-scrambled noise in 3.5-, 6-, and 12-month-old infants (Study 4). The advantage was as or more evident in the youngest group than in the two older age groups.Taken together, these results provide insights into the early ontogeny and underlying cause of gender-emotion relationships in face perception and the sensitivity to fear

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Dupouy, Stéphanie. "Le visage au scalpel : l'expression faciale dans l'oeil des savants (1750-1880)." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010677.

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Cette thèse est une histoire des idées et des pratiques savantes sur l'expression faciale et corporelle, du milieu du XVIIIe au deuxième tiers du XIXe siècle. Elle s'intéresse à la façon dont des médecins, anatomistes, physiologistes ou naturalistes (Camper, Bell, Duchenne de Boulogne, Darwin. . . ) ont observé, classé et analysé les manifestations non-verbales des passions, sentiments et émotions sur la face humaine et animale, ce corpus étant librement éclairé par l'analyse de textes philosophiques et esthétiques de la même époque. Je confronte en particulier cette science de l'expression aux vues des Lumières sur le langage naturel et à l'évolution des valeurs morales et esthétiques prêtées aux sentiments et à l'expression sur la période. À travers cette entreprise savante, j'étudie l'histoire des normes d'objectivité variables régulant l'observation et la description scientifique du corps humain - en fonction, par exemple, des dispositifs techniques disponibles (comme la photographie).

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Vannier, Loïc. "Perception des visages et des expressions faciales émotionnelles chez l'adulte et l'enfant : aspects neurophysiologiques." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR3311.

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Cette recherche a permis d'élaborer un protocole fiable utilisant l'EEG quantifié pour étudier la perception explicite des visages et des émotions faciales. Une étude préliminaire a testé la stabilité de l'EEG et la reproductibilité des activations obtenues. Ensuite, la réactivité corticale de 31 adultes et 15 enfants a été enregistrée lors de la perception d'expressions faciales. Chez l'adulte, on observe une prédominance de l'hémisphère droit dans le traitement des visages et des émotions, une activation des zones frontales et temporales liées à la perception des stimuli sociaux et l'activation des régions centro-pariétales lors de la perception des émotions intersubjectives. Chez l'enfant, on observe une activation corticale généralisée laissant supposer que le traitement des visages et des émotions n'est pas encore mature. La simplicité du protocole élaboré ici fait de l'EEGq une méthode fiable pour étudier la perception des visages et pouvant être appliquée chez l'enfant autiste
The aim of this study was to elaborate a protocol using quantified EEG to investigate explicit perception of faces and facial emotions. A previous study has tested the stability of qEEG and the reproducibility of the activations found. Cortical reactivity of 31 adults and 15 children was recorded during perception of facial expressions. A dominance of right hemisphere is observed in adults during face and emotion processing. Social stimuli induce frontal and temporal activations and central parietal areas are implicated in relational emotions. A global cortical activation is found in children showing that face and emotion processing isn't yet mature. This simple protocol shows that qEEG is a valid technique to investigate face perception and applicable in autistic children

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Prigent, Elise. "Modulation émotionnelle de la perception de l’action motrice d’autrui." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA113006.

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L’être humain est un être social amené à comprendre les comportements moteurs d’autrui. Selon la littérature, nous disposons de mécanismes cognitifs spécifiques, d’une part à la perception d’un corps humain (qu’il soit statique ou en mouvement), et d’autre part à la perception des expressions faciales émotionnelles. Ce travail de thèse vise à comprendre dans quelle mesure l'émotion véhiculée par le visage d'une personne, peut moduler notre perception de son action motrice. Les résultats de l’étude 1 ont montré que l’estimation de l’équilibre statique d’autrui pouvait être modulée par l’expression faciale émotionnelle (de sourire ou de crispation) exprimée par celui-ci. L’étude 2, a porté sur l’estimation de l’effort physique développé par une personne uniquement à partir de son expression faciale de douleur. Les résultats ont montré que les participants, dans ce type de tâche, utilisent deux mécanismes perceptifs automatiques. Le premier, mis en évidence par mesure fonctionnelle, facilite l’estimation de l’intensité de douleur à l’effort ressentie par autrui. Le second, démontré par la mesure d’un biais de mémorisation, entraîne une anticipation automatique de la suite de l’évolution de l’expression faciale de douleur à l’effort présentée. L’étude 3 a montré que l’estimation de l’effort physique développé par une personne atteinte de paraplégie réalisant un mouvement de transfert, est modulée par deux comportements de douleur (l’auto-protection et l’expression faciale de douleur). Toutefois, cette modulation diffère selon la familiarité des participants avec le monde médical et la paraplégie. En conclusion, ce travail de recherche propose que la modulation émotionnelle de la perception de l’action motrice d’autrui est en premier lieu sous-tendue par un processus automatique et implicite de contagion émotionnelle (bottom-up). Toutefois, cette dernière peut être inhibée par un processus explicite (top-down) qui dépendrait d’une part du type d’inférence à effectuer sur autrui (estimer l’équilibre postural ou l’effort physique développé), et d’autre part de la familiarité de l’observateur avec l’action motrice et les expressions faciales présentées
Understanding others’ motor behaviour is part and parcel of Humans’ social experience. According to scientific literature, we rely on specific mechanisms for perceiving human bodies (whether static or moving) on the one hand, and processing emotional facial expressions on the other hand. This thesis aims to understand to what extent the emotion conveyed by a person’s face can modulate one’s perception of her/his motor action. Results of study 1 showed that our estimation of an individual’s static equilibrium is modulated by the observed individual’s emotional facial expression (smiling or tensed). Study 2 focused on perceptual estimation of the physical effort developed by a person on the basis of his facial expression of pain alone. Results revealed that participants adopt two automatic perceptual mechanisms. The first, highlighted via functional measurement, facilitates estimating the intensity of effort pain felt by others. The second, evidenced by measuring memory bias, leads to an automatic anticipation of the subsequent changes in the intensity of pain-related facial expressions. Study 3 showed that the estimation of physical effort developed by a paraplegic individual performing a transfer movement is modulated by two pain behaviours (guarding and facial expression of pain). Interestingly, this modulation varies with participants’ familiarity with both the medical domain and paraplegia. The conclusion of this research suggests that the modulation of emotional perception related to others’ motor action is primarily subtended by an automatic (bottom-up) process and an implicit emotional contagion. However, the latter can be inhibited by an explicit (top-down) process which may depend on (1) the type of inference made on others (estimating postural balance or physical effort developed in others), and (2) the familiarity of the observer with motor action and facial expressions

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Jacques, Corentin. "Décours temporel de la perception visuelle des visages : de la catégorisation faciale à l'encodage d'une représentation individuelle." Université catholique de Louvain, 2007. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-11302007-101545/.

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Etude de la dynamique temporelle de la catégorisation faciale depuis la détection d'un visage dans le champ visuel jusqu'a l'encodage d'une représentation individuelle du visage. Investigation de cette dynamique temporelle via l'électrophysiologie chez le sujet humain (potentiels évoqués). / Temporal dynamics of face visual categorization : an electrophysiological (event-related potentials) approach

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Lescanne, Emmanuel. "L'arachnoïde des citernes ponto-cérébelleuse et acoustico-faciale : Micro-anatomie appliquée à la chirurgie des Schwannomes Vestibulaires." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR3303.

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Cette thèse d'université a eu pour objectifs de compléter l'étude anatomique et histologique du méat auditif interne (MAI) puis de vérifier l'origine épi-arachnoïdienne du Schwannome vestibulaire (SV). Ces travaux ont été réalisés au laboratoire d'anatomie et d'histologie sur des spécimens normaux ou envahis par un SV. Nous avons démontré l'existence d'une citerne acoustico-faciale qui contenait l'ensemble du paquet vasculo-nerveux cochléo-vestibulo-facial. Le ganglion vestibulaire, point de départ du SV était inclus dans la citerne. Aucun feuillet arachnoïdien, séparant la tumeur du reste du contenu du MAI, n'a été mis en évidence, comme l'a pourtant suggéré l'origine épi-arachnoïdienne de la tumeur. Aussi nos observations allaient à l'encontre des descriptions de la littérature chirurgicale sur le sujet. Nous avons contredit la théorie de duplication arachnoïdienne au cours de la croissance médicale du SV contribuant à expliquer les difficultés chirurgicales rencontrées lors des tentatives de microdissection atraumatiques de la tumeur
Goals of this PhD thesis, were to complete, at the anatomy and histology laboratories, the description of the internal acoustic meatus (IAM) and its contents. Additional goals were intended to verify the epi-arachnoidal origin of vestibular schwannoma (VS) by using temporal bones (TB), which were either normal or invaded by a VS. We demonstrated the existence of an acousticofacial cistern containing every nerve of the vestibulocochleofacial complex, including the vestibular ganglion from which VS develop. We saw no layer between the tumor and the intrameatal VS, as an epi-arachnoidal tumor origin would suggest. These observations are in contradiction with the descriptions concerning the epi-arachnoidal origin of VS. These findings clearly contradict the theory of the duplication of arachnoidal layers during medial growth of vestibular neuromas and may explain some of the intraoperative difficulties encountered in the atraumatic dissection of these tumors

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Tessier, Marie-Hélène. "Décours temporel de l'expression faciale dynamique de la douleur à l'aide d'avatars virtuels." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32634.

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L’informatique affective vise à développer des systèmes informatiques capables de reconnaître et de recréer en réalité virtuelle certains états internes de l’humain. La douleur est un de ces états internes qui est décrit comme une expérience subjective à la fois sensorielle et affective. Pour communiquer aux autres notre douleur, les expressions faciales sont un moyen adaptatif. Si la composition en termes de mouvements faciaux est bien connue pour la douleur, le décours temporel de ces mouvements a peu été abordé. L’objectif du mémoire est de comparer le niveau de réalisme de différents décours temporels de l’expression faciale de la douleur chez des avatars et d’évaluer leur effet sur la douleur observée. Une étude empirique a été réalisée auprès de 45 adultes (22 femmes). Six ordres d’apparition de mouvements faciaux de la douleur et une apparition synchronisée ont été présentés aux participants par le biais de quatre avatars (deux femmes). Les participants ont jugé le niveau de réalisme des mouvements faciaux, ainsi que l’intensité et le niveau de désagrément de la douleur. Les résultats révèlent que les expressions de douleur sont perçues comme plus réalistes lorsque les mouvements autour des yeux apparaissent avant ceux autour du nez et de la bouche, comme plus intensément douloureuses lorsque les mouvements des sourcils sont les derniers à apparaître, et avec un niveau de désagrément plus élevé lorsque les mouvements autour du nez et de la bouche apparaissent avant ceux des sourcils. La séquence « Yeux, Nez/Bouche et Sourcils » était la seule qui était perçue comme étant la plus élevée au niveau du réalisme et de la douleur. Ce mémoire soulève l’importance de l’ordre d’apparition des mouvements faciaux dans la perception d’expressions de douleur, contribuant ainsi à l’avancement des connaissances sur le décodage et la production d’expressions de douleur en réalité virtuelle.
Affective computing aims to develop computer-based systems that can recognize and recreate some human internal states through virtual reality. Pain is one such internal states described as both a sensory and an affective subjective experience. To communicate our pain to others, facial expressions are an adaptive mean. Although the still pain facial expression is well defined, the sequential order of movements that compose it has rarely been addressed in research. The objective of this thesis is to compare the various levels of realism as well as pain intensity and unpleasantness level attributed to different sequential orders of avatars’ facial expressions of pain. An empirical study has been conducted with 45 adults (22 women), who rated seven orders of appearance of different facial pain movements (six sequences and one synchronized apparition) of four avatars (two women). The results showed that pain expressions were perceived: 1) as more realistic when the eye-related movements appeared before the nose- and mouth- related movements; 2) as more intensely painful when browsrelated movements were the last to appear; 3) as depicting higher unpleasantness level when the noseand mouth-related movements appeared before the brows-related movements. In fact, the sequence “Eyes, Nose/Mouth, Brows” was the only one that was perceived as the highest on both realism and pain level. The results of this study raise the importance of the order of appearance of facial movements in the perception of pain expressions. Thus, this thesis contributes to the field of affective computing through the advancement of knowledge on decoding and producing pain expressions in virtual reality.

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Boucenna, Sofiane. "De la reconnaissance des expressions faciales à une perception visuelle partagée : une architecture sensori-motrice pour amorcer un référencement social d'objets, de lieux ou de comportements." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660120.

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Cette thèse se concentre sur les interactions émotionnelles en robotique autonome. Le robot doit pouvoir agir et réagir dans un environnement naturel et faire face à des perturbations imprédictibles. Il est donc nécessaire que le robot puisse acquérir une autonomie comportementale à savoir la capacité d'apprentissage et d'adaptation en ligne. En particulier, nous nous proposons d'étudier quels mécanismes introduire pour que le robot ait la capacité de se constituer une perception des objets de son environnement qui puisse être partagée par celle d'un partenaire humain. Le problème sera de faire apprendre à notre robot à préférer certains objets et à éviter d'autres objets. La solution peut être trouvée en psychologie dans ce que l'on appelle "référencement social" ("social referencing") qui consiste à attribuer une valeur à un objet grâce à l'interaction avec un partenaire humain. Dans ce contexte, notre problème est de trouver comment un robot peut apprendre de manière autonome à reconnaître les expressions faciales d'un partenaire humain pour ensuite les utiliser pour donner une valence aux objets et permettre leur discrimination. Nous nous intéresserons à comprendre comment des interactions émotionnelles avec un partenaire peuvent amorcer des comportements de complexité croissante tel que le référencement social. Notre idée est que le référencement social aussi bien que la reconnaissance d'expressions faciales peut émerger d'une architecture sensori-motrice. Sans connaissance de ce que l'autre est, le robot devrait réussir à apprendre des tâches "sociales" de plus en plus complexes. Nous soutenons l'idée que le référencement social peut être amorcé par une simple cascade d'architectures sensori-motrices qui à la base ne sont pas dédiées aux interactions sociales. Cette thèse traite de plusieurs sujets qui ont comme dénominateur commun l'interaction sociale. Nous proposons tout d'abord une architecture capable d'apprendre à reconnaître de manière autonome des expressions faciales primaires grâce à un jeu d'imitation entre une tête expressive et un expérimentateur. Les interactions avec le dispositif robotique commençeraient par l'apprentissage de 5 expressions faciales prototypiques. Nous proposons ensuite une architecture capable de reproduire des mimiques faciales ainsi que leurs différents niveaux d'intensité. La tête expressive pourra reproduire des expressions secondaires par exemple une joie mêlée de colère. Nous verrons également que la discrimination de visages peut émerger de cette interaction émotionnelle à l'aide d'une rythmicité implicite qui se crée entre l'homme et le robot. Enfin, nous proposerons un modèle sensori-moteur ayant la capacité de réaliser un référencement social. Trois situations ont pu être testées: 1) un bras robotique capable d'attraper et de fuir des objets selon les interactions émotionnelles venant du partenaire humain. 2) un robot mobile capable de rejoindre ou d'éviter certaines zones de son environnement. 3) une tête expressive capable d'orienter son regard dans la même direction que l'humain tout ! en attribuant des valeurs émotionnelles aux objets via l'interaction expressive de l'expérimentateur. Nous montrons ainsi qu'une séquence développementale peut émerger d'une interaction émotionnelle de très bas niveau et que le référencement social peut s'expliquer d'abord à un niveau sensori-moteur sans nécessiter de faire appel à un modèle de théorie de l'esprit.

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Bayle, Dimitri. "Traitement cérébral de l’expression faciale de peur : vision périphérique et effet de l’attention." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10227/document.

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L’expression faciale de peur constitue un important vecteur d’information sociale mais aussi environnementale. En condition naturelle, les visages apeurés apparaissent principalement dans notre champ visuel périphérique. Cependant, les mécanismes cérébraux qui sous-tendent la perception de l’expression faciale de peur en périphérie restent largement méconnus. Nous avons démontré, grâce à des études comportementales, des enregistrements magnétoencéphalographiques et intracrâniens, que la perception de l’expression faciale de peur est efficace en grande périphérie. La perception de la peur en périphérie génère une réponse rapide de l’amygdale et du cortex frontal, mais également une réponse plus tardive dans les aires visuelles occipitales et temporales ventrales. Le contrôle attentionnel est capable d’inhiber la réponse précoce à l’expression de peur, mais également d’augmenter les activités postérieures plus tardives liées à la perception des visages. Nos résultats montrent non seulement que les réseaux impliqués dans la perception de la peur sont adaptés à la vision périphérique, mais ils mettent également en avant une nouvelle forme d’investigation des mécanismes de traitement de l’expression faciale, pouvant conduire à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de traitement des messages sociaux dans des situations plus écologiques
Facial expression of fear is an important vector of social and environmental information. In natural conditions, the frightened faces appear mainly in our peripheral visual field. However, the brain mechanisms underlying perception of fear in the periphery remain largely unknown. We have demonstrated, through behavioral, magnetoencephalographic and intracranial studies that the perception of fear facial expression is efficient in large peripheral visual field. Fear perception in the periphery produces an early response in the amygdala and the frontal cortex, and a later response in the occipital and infero-temporal visual areas. Attentional control is able to inhibit the early response to fear expression and to increase the later temporo-occipital activities linked to face perception. Our results show that networks involved in fear perception are adapted to the peripheral vision. Moreover, they validate a new form of investigation of facial expression processing, which may lead to a better understanding of how we process social messages in more ecological situations

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Linares, Claire. "Three Essays on Consumer Social Cognition in a Technology-Rich World." Thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022EHEC0001.

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Les trois essais de cette thèse examinent des processus de cognition sociale qui prennent une résonance particulière dans le monde technologique d’aujourd’hui. L’essai 1 étudie l’effet de la simple présence d’un appareil technologique, le smartphone, sur les interactions sociales et la créativité. L’objectif initial de cet essai était de s’appuyer sur le travail de Przybylski et Weinstein (2013) montrant l’effet négatif de la simple présence d’un téléphone sur la formation des relations sociales afin d’étendre l’investigation à la créativité. Après deux réplications manquées des résultats de Przybylski et Weinstein (2013), la conclusion de ce travail est que l’effet de la simple présence d’un smartphone est a minima plus dur à capturer qu’il a pu l’être auparavant. Les deux autres essais de cette thèse examinent des questions à l’intersection du management et de la perception faciale, à l’heure où les visages prennent une place nouvelle dans les interactions sociales avec le développement des médias sociaux et des plateformes de vidéoconférence d’une part, et l’augmentation des données faciales avec les médias sociaux et les technologies de détection faciale d’autre part. L’essai 2 examine les stéréotypes faciaux d’utilisateurs de marques, c’est-à-dire les représentations mentales qu’ont les individus des visages d’utilisateurs typiques d’une marque (par exemple, le visage d’un conducteur de BMW). La première partie révèle que de tels stéréotypes partagés existent, en utilisant une méthode empruntée à la recherche en perception faciale, qui est nouvelle en psychologie du consommateur, pour composer des « portraits-robots » d’utilisateurs de différentes marques de voiture pour des consommateurs allemands. La seconde partie révèle un effet d’association visage-marque, selon lequel des observateurs peuvent trouver la marque de parfum d’une personne à partir de son visage avec plus d’exactitude que de la chance, au-delà d’indicateurs sociodémographiques. Ensemble, les résultats de l’essai 2 suggèrent que les visages et les marques peuvent être reliés dans les représentations mentales des consommateurs et leurs vrais visages. Bien que ce travail ouvre des opportunités managériales, les consommateurs ne sont peut-être pas conscients de l’information que révèle leur visage, ce qui soulève des questions éthiques à traiter. Enfin, l’essai 3 explore les stéréotypes faciaux de prénoms, c’est-à-dire les représentations mentales qu’ont les individus du visage de quelqu’un qui porte un prénom donné (par exemple, le stéréotype du visage d’un homme appelé James). La première partie d’une étude a produit des portraits-robots associés à une série de prénoms français (par exemple, les visages associés aux prénoms Julien et Nicolas). La seconde partie de l’étude est en cours. Avant de soumettre le document présent, les données collectées jusqu’au 29 mars 2022 ont été analysées (143 participants valides sur les 250 participants prédéfinis) pour évaluer la tendance des résultats. Ils révèlent déjà qu’un échantillon indépendant de participants peut reconnaître les prénoms des portraits-robots significativement mieux qu’aléatoirement. Si ces résultats sont confirmés une fois la totalité de l’échantillon collectée, cette recherche offrirait la preuve directe de l’existence de stéréotypes faciaux de prénoms, tout en validant l’utilisation de la méthode de « reverse correlation » de l’essai 2 pour visualiser ces stéréotypes. L’objectif est de poursuivre ce travail dans le domaine du management avec plusieurs directions possibles qui sont détaillées dans la conclusion de cet essai. En synthèse, cette thèse apporte un éclairage sur des questions de marketing et management qui ont une pertinence théorique aussi bien que des implications managériales et éthiques dans le monde réel et virtuel d’aujourd’hui
The three essays of this dissertation examine consumer social cognition processes which take a special resonance in today’s technological world. Essay 1 investigates the effect of the mere presence of a technological device, a smartphone, on social interactions and creativity. The initial objective of this essay was to build on the work of Przybylski and Weinstein (2013), which showed a negative effect of the mere presence of a phone on relationship formation, to extend the investigation to creativity. After two failed replications of Przybylski and Weinstein’s (2013) results and an absence of robust results on creativity, the conclusion of this work is that the effect of the mere presence of a smartphone is at least harder to find than it may have been before. The two other essays in this dissertation examine questions at the intersection of management and face perception, at a time when faces take a new place in social interactions with the development of social media and videoconferencing platforms and with the increase in facial data with social media and facial detection technologies. Essay 2 investigates brand–user facial stereotypes, the mental representations that people have of the faces of the typical users of a brand (e.g., the face of a BMW driver). The first part reveals that such shared stereotypes exist by using a method borrowed from face-perception research that is new in consumer behavior research to compose “mugshots” of different car brand users for German consumers. The second part uncovers a face–brand matching effect, whereby observers can accurately match a target’s true perfume brand to their face, above chance level, and beyond sociodemographic cues. Together, the results of Essay 2 suggest that faces and brands can be connected both in consumers’ mental representations and in their actual faces. Although this work opens managerial opportunities, consumers may not be aware of the information that their faces reveal, which raises ethical questions to address. Finally, Essay 3 explores facial name stereotypes, that is the mental representations that people have of the face of someone wearing a given name (e.g., the stereotypical face of a man named James). The first part of a study produced mugshots associated with a series of French given names (e.g., the faces associated with the names Julien and Nicolas). The second part is currently in progress. Before sending the present document, the data collected up to March 29, 2022 were analyzed (143 valid participants out of 250 preregistered participants) to get a sense of the pattern. It already reveals that the mugshots are recognized on average by an independent sample of participants, significantly above chance level. If these preliminary results are confirmed once the preregistered sample size will be attained, this research would offer direct evidence supporting the existence of facial name stereotypes while validating the use of the reverse correlation technique from Essay 2 to capture such stereotypes. The objective is to take this work forward in the management domain in one of several possible directions fleshed out in the General Discussion of this essay. Overall, this dissertation sheds light on marketing and management questions that have theoretical relevance as well as managerial and ethical implications in our real- and virtual-world

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Péron, Julie. "Rôle du noyau sous-thalamique et de ses connexions cortico-sous-corticales dans la reconnaissance des émotions communiquées par le visage et par la voix." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1B118.

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L’objectif était d’étudier l’implication du NST dans la reconnaissance des émotions en utilisant le modèle de la stimulation cérébrale profonde (SCP) dans la maladie de Parkinson (MP). Nous avons tout d’abord comparé les capacités de reconnaissance des expressions faciales émotionnelles (EFE) de 24 patients MP avant et après la SCP du NST. Les patients étaient spécifiquement déficitaires pour reconnaître les EFE de peur et de tristesse en condition post-opératoire (étude 1). Nous avons ensuite observé que ces modifications émotionnelles étaient corrélées à des modifications du métabolisme glucidique cérébral (18FDG-TEP) dans l’amygdale et le cortex orbito-frontal (étude 2). Enfin, nous avons montré que les patients présentaient également un biais de traitement émotionnel pour la peur et la tristesse lorsque les émotions étaient véhiculées par la voix humaine (étude 3). Ces résultats supportent l’hypothèse selon laquelle le NST serait une structure clé dans le circuit limbique.

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Le, Meur Julien. "Conception, assemblage, optimisation et test de modules intégrés d'illumination structurée à base d'éléments optiques diffractifs : application particulière à la reconnaissance faciale." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0121.

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Ce travail de thèse visait à concevoir, assembler, optimiser et tester des modules d’illumination structurée à base d’éléments optiques diffractifs (EODs) pour une application de reconnaissance faciale sur appareils mobiles (smartphones, tablettes). L’intégration des modules dans des smartphones impliquait de fortes contraintes de miniaturisation, de consommation énergétique, de coût, et de sécurité laser. L’élément clé de chaque module était un EOD de Fourier à angle de diffraction supérieur à la limite du modèle scalaire paraxial de la diffraction permettant d’illuminer la surface d’un visage à une distance d’une portée de bras. Afin de faciliter la conception (relâchement des contraintes angulaires), la fabrication (minimisation de l’efficacité de diffraction à l’ordre 0) et la réplication des EODs, le premier axe de travail a consisté à concevoir et à fabriquer des dispositifs hybrides « agrandisseurs d’angles » combinant des EODs et des optiques divergentes conventionnelles. Le second volet portait sur la conception des EODs qui devait prendre en considération à la fois les paramètres des systèmes bas coût d’illumination et d’acquisition d’images utilisés, notamment pour contrôler la présence de granularité laser (« speckle ») sur la figure de diffraction souhaitée (contrôle imposé par les algorithmes de reconnaissance faciale et de détection de fraudes utilisés). Le savoir-faire acquis dans le domaine de l’illumination structurée générée par des EODs a été étendu et transposé à trois autres applications dans les domaines de la vibrométrie, de l’aviation civile et commerciale, et de l’aviation militaire
This thesis work aimed to design, assemble, optimize and test structured illumination modules based on diffractive optical elements (DOEs) for facial recognition application on mobile devices (smartphones, tablets). The integration of modules into smartphones involved significant constraints in terms of miniaturization, energy consumption, cost and laser safety. The key element of each module was a Fourier DOE with a diffraction angle greater than the limit of the paraxial scalar diffraction model to illuminate the surface of a face at a distance of an arm reach. In order to facilitate the design (relaxation of angular constraints), manufacturing (minimization of the zero order diffraction efficiency) and replication of DOEs, the first axis of research consisted in designing and manufacturing hybrid "angle enlarger" devices combining DOEs and conventional divergent optics. The second part concerned the design of the DOEs, which had to take into account both the parameters of the low-cost illumination and image acquisition systems used, in particular to control the presence of laser speckle on the desired diffraction pattern (control imposed by the facial recognition and fraud detection algorithms used). The know-how acquired in the field of structured illumination generated by DOEs has been extended and transposed to three other applications in the fields of vibrometry, civil and commercial aviation, and military aviation

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Ivănescu, Andrei. "Third-party expectations of nepotism and mating preferences from facial similary." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20083/document.

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Notre relation avec nos apparentés forme une grande partie de notre monde social; et la façon dont nous reconnaissons et traitons nos apparentés a donné lieu à une importante somme de recherche. Lorsqu'il s'agit de reconnaître un apparenté direct, la similarité faciale est considérée comme un indice d'apparentement. Dans cette thèse, j'étudie si elle joue un rôle comparable lorsqu'il s'agit de reconnaître un apparentement entre des tiers, en menant deux lignes de recherche: les prédictions de comportement népotistiques et les prédictions de préférences de couple, par des tiers, en présence de stimuli faciaux. La catégorisation devant servir l'action, la similarité faciale doit avoir un effet dépendant du contexte sur ces prédictions, susceptible à des changements de valence et de domaine. En l'absence de contexte, les individus semblent pouvoir détecter la similarité faciale et la mettre en relation avec l'apparentement. Nos deux séries d'expériences offrent une conclusion différente. Quand la valence du contexte change et que nous analysons les prédictions des participants en terme de kin selection, leurs choix ne semblent pas mettre en relation similarité faciale et apparentement
Our relation to our kin shapes much of our social world. It's no surprise then, that how we recognize and react to our own kin has been a widely investigated topic. In particular, when tackling direct kin recognition, facial similarity has emerged as a putative cue of relatedness. In this thesis, I investigate whether or not the same can be said for third party kin recognition. Split between two lines of research, we explore individuals' predictions of nepotistic and mating behavior} in third party scenarios using facial stimuli. These two domains provide the backbone of our research. Categorization must serve action. So, what would strengthen the notion of a presence of third-party kin recognition in humans? Facial similarity \emph{must have} a context-dependent effect on participants predictions, susceptible to valence changes in scenarios and switches from the prosocial and mate choice domains. This is precisely what we set out to do with our two lines of research. Though our literature review revealed that when context is starved participants seem to be able to detect similarity and seemingly connect it to relatedness. Our nepotism and mating series of experiments, by re-inserting context, offers us a different conclusion altogether. Within scenarios in which valence is modified and our participants analysis is bounded by predictions made by kin selection, their choices do no reflect a connection between similarity and relatedness

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Huang, Di. "Robust face recognition based on three dimensional data." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00693158.

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The face is one of the best biometrics for person identification and verification related applications, because it is natural, non-intrusive, and socially weIl accepted. Unfortunately, an human faces are similar to each other and hence offer low distinctiveness as compared with other biometrics, e.g., fingerprints and irises. Furthermore, when employing facial texture images, intra-class variations due to factors as diverse as illumination and pose changes are usually greater than inter-class ones, making 2D face recognition far from reliable in the real condition. Recently, 3D face data have been extensively investigated by the research community to deal with the unsolved issues in 2D face recognition, Le., illumination and pose changes. This Ph.D thesis is dedicated to robust face recognition based on three dimensional data, including only 3D shape based face recognition, textured 3D face recognition as well as asymmetric 3D-2D face recognition. In only 3D shape-based face recognition, since 3D face data, such as facial pointclouds and facial scans, are theoretically insensitive to lighting variations and generally allow easy pose correction using an ICP-based registration step, the key problem mainly lies in how to represent 3D facial surfaces accurately and achieve matching that is robust to facial expression changes. In this thesis, we design an effective and efficient approach in only 3D shape based face recognition. For facial description, we propose a novel geometric representation based on extended Local Binary Pattern (eLBP) depth maps, and it can comprehensively describe local geometry changes of 3D facial surfaces; while a 81FT -based local matching process further improved by facial component and configuration constraints is proposed to associate keypoints between corresponding facial representations of different facial scans belonging to the same subject. Evaluated on the FRGC v2.0 and Gavab databases, the proposed approach proves its effectiveness. Furthermore, due tq the use of local matching, it does not require registration for nearly frontal facial scans and only needs a coarse alignment for the ones with severe pose variations, in contrast to most of the related tasks that are based on a time-consuming fine registration step. Considering that most of the current 3D imaging systems deliver 3D face models along with their aligned texture counterpart, a major trend in the literature is to adopt both the 3D shape and 2D texture based modalities, arguing that the joint use of both clues can generally provides more accurate and robust performance than utilizing only either of the single modality. Two important factors in this issue are facial representation on both types of data as well as result fusion. In this thesis, we propose a biological vision-based facial representation, named Oriented Gradient Maps (OGMs), which can be applied to both facial range and texture images. The OGMs simulate the response of complex neurons to gradient information within a given neighborhood and have properties of being highly distinctive and robust to affine illumination and geometric transformations. The previously proposed matching process is then adopted to calculate similarity measurements between probe and gallery faces. Because the biological vision-based facial representation produces an OGM for each quantized orientation of facial range and texture images, we finally use a score level fusion strategy that optimizes weights by a genetic algorithm in a learning pro cess. The experimental results achieved on the FRGC v2.0 and 3DTEC datasets display the effectiveness of the proposed biological vision-based facial description and the optimized weighted sum fusion. [...]

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Marriott, Richard. "Data-augmentation with synthetic identities for robust facial recognition." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEC048.

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En 2014, l'utilisation des réseaux neuronaux profonds (RNP) a révolutionné la reconnaissance faciale (RF). Les RNP sont capables d'apprendre à extraire des images des représentations basées sur des caractéristiques qui sont discriminantes et robustes aux détails non pertinents. On peut dire que l'un des facteurs les plus importants qui limitent aujourd'hui les performances des algorithmes de RF sont les données utilisées pour les entraîner. Les ensembles de données d'images de haute qualité qui sont représentatives des conditions de test du monde réel peuvent être difficiles à collecter. Une solution possible est d'augmenter les ensembles de données avec des images synthétiques. Cette option est récemment devenue plus viable suite au développement des « generative adversarial networks » (GAN) qui permettent de générer des échantillons de données synthétiques très réalistes. Cette thèse étudie l'utilisation des GAN pour augmenter les ensembles de données FR. Elle examine la capacité des GAN à générer de nouvelles identités, et leur capacité à démêler l'identité des autres formes de variation des images. Enfin, un GAN intégrant un modèle 3D est proposé afin de démêler complètement la pose de l'identité. Il est démontré que les images synthétisées à l'aide du GAN 3D améliorent la reconnaissance des visages aux poses larges et une précision état de l'art est démontrée pour l'ensemble de données d'évaluation ``Cross-Pose LFW''.Le dernier chapitre de la thèse évalue l'une des utilisations plus néfastes des images synthétiques : l'attaque par morphing du visage. Ces attaques exploitent l'imprécision des systèmes de RF en manipulant les images de manière à ce qu'il puisse être faussement vérifié qu'elles appartiennent à plus d'une personne. Une évaluation des attaques par morphing de visage basées sur le GAN est fournie. Une nouvelle méthode de morphing basée sur le GAN est également présentée, qui minimise la distance entre l'image transformée et les identités originales dans un espace de caractéristiques biométriques. Une contre-mesure potentielle à ces attaques par morphing consiste à entraîner les réseaux FR en utilisant des identités synthétiques supplémentaires. Dans cette veine, l'effet de l'entraînement utilisant des données synthétiques GAN 3D sur le succès des attaques simulées de morphing facial est évalué
In 2014, use of deep neural networks (DNNs) revolutionised facial recognition (FR). DNNs are capable of learning to extract feature-based representations from images that are discriminative and robust to extraneous detail. Arguably, one of the most important factors now limiting the performance of FR algorithms is the data used to train them. High-quality image datasets that are representative of real-world test conditions can be difficult to collect. One potential solution is to augment datasets with synthetic images. This option recently became increasingly viable following the development of generative adversarial networks (GANs) which allow generation of highly realistic, synthetic data samples. This thesis investigates the use of GANs for augmentation of FR datasets. It looks at the ability of GANs to generate new identities, and their ability to disentangle identity from other forms of variation in images. Ultimately, a GAN integrating a 3D model is proposed in order to fully disentangle pose from identity. Images synthesised using the 3D GAN are shown to improve large-pose FR and a state-of-the-art accuracy is demonstrated for the challenging Cross-Pose LFW evaluation dataset.The final chapter of the thesis evaluates one of the more nefarious uses of synthetic images: the face-morphing attack. Such attacks exploit imprecision in FR systems by manipulating images such that they might be falsely verified as belonging to more than one person. An evaluation of GAN-based face-morphing attacks is provided. Also introduced is a novel, GAN-based morphing method that minimises the distance of the morphed image from the original identities in a biometric feature-space. A potential counter measure to such morphing attacks is to train FR networks using additional, synthetic identities. In this vein, the effect of training using synthetic, 3D GAN data on the success of simulated face-morphing attacks is evaluated

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Ballihi, Lahoucine. "Biométrie faciale 3D par apprentissage des caractéristiques géométriques : Application à la reconnaissance des visages et à la classification du genre." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00726299.

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La biométrie du visage a suscité, ces derniers temps, l'intérêt grandissant de la communauté scientifique et des industriels de la biométrie vue son caractère naturel, sans contact et non-intrusif. Néanmoins, les performances des systèmes basés sur les images 2D sont affectées par différents types de variabilités comme la pose, les conditions d'éclairage, les occultations et les expressions faciales. Avec la disponibilité de caméras 3D capables d'acquérir la forme tridimensionnelle, moins sensibles aux changements d'illumination et de pose, plusieurs travaux de recherche se sont tournés vers l'étude de cette nouvelle modalité. En revanche, d'autres défis apparaissent comme les déformations de la forme faciales causées par les expressions et le temps de calcul que requièrent les approches développées. Cette thèse s'inscrit dans ce paradigme en proposant de coupler la géométrie Riemannienne avec les techniques d'apprentissage pour une biométrie faciale 3D efficace et robuste aux changements d'expressions. Après une étape de pré-traitement, nous proposons de représenter les surfaces faciales par des collections de courbes 3D qui captent localement leurs formes. Nous utilisons un cadre géométrique existant pour obtenir les déformations " optimales " entre les courbes ainsi que les distances les séparant sur une variété Riemannienne (espace des formes des courbes). Nous appliquons, par la suite, des techniques d'apprentissage afin de déterminer les courbes les plus pertinentes pour deux applications de la biométrie du visage : la reconnaissance d'identité et la classification du genre. Les résultats obtenus sur le benchmark de référence FRGC v2 et leurs comparaison avec les travaux de l'état de l'art confirment tout l'intérêt de coupler l'analyse locale de la forme par une approche géométrique (possibilité de calculer des moyennes, etc.) avec des techniques d'apprentissage (Basting, etc.) pour gagner en temps de calcul et en performances.

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Montoute, Timothy. "Perception et reconnaissance faciales." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T209.

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Neth, Donald C. "Facial configuration and the perception of facial expression." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1189090729.

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Tcherkassof, Anna. "La perception des expressions émotionnelles faciales." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100159.

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Dans un premier temps, cette these s'interesse aux nombreuses conceptions dont la psychologie dispose aujourd'hui sur la problematique de la perception et la reconnaissance des expressions emotionnelles faciales qui eclairent la nature et la fonction des expressions, en coherence fonctionnelle avec les conditions emotionnelles a partir desquelles les structures expressives apparaissent. Bien que la conception <> - qui postule que l'information contenue dans le visage releve de categories discretes d'emotions de base se reconnaissent grace a leurs unites d'actions specifiques - ait longtemps domine le domaine des emotions, les nouvelles theories multicomponentielles permettent actuellement de faire progresser nos connaissances en cette matiere. Elles s'attachent surtout a l'etude des processus cognitifs en jeu dans les emotions, et apportent a leurs propositions des supports empiriques de plus en plus solides. Parmi ces theories, nous retiendrons celle proposee par frijda en 1986, qui porte plus particulierement sur le comportement expressif et qui presente un interet heuristique evident. Cet auteur avance une analyse theorique de l'activite expressive dans laquelle il explique la nature de l'information vehiculee par les expressions par les concepts << d'activite relationnelle>> et de << preparation a l'action>>. Dans un second temps, cette these est consacree a tester l'hypothese selon laquelle l'information utilisee lors de la perception de la signification de l'expression faciales correspond a l'activite relationnelle et a la preparation a l'action du sujet emetteur de l'expression, hypothese en grande partie validee par les resultats de deux experimentations
This thesis first covers the numerous view currently encountered in psychology with regards to the problematic of perception and recognition of facial emotional expressions which shed light on the nature and the function of expressions, in functional coherence with the emotional conditions from which expressive structures appear. Though the <> concept (which postulates that the information contained in the face arises from discret categories of basic emotions and that basic emotional expressions are recognised through their specific action units) dominated the field of emotions for a long time, the new multicomponential theories now allow to further our knowledge regarding this matter. These theories mainly relate to the study of cognitive processes in play in emotions, and bring to their propositions more and more solid empirical supports. Amongst these theories, we retain the one put forward by frijda in 1986, which pertains in particular on expressive behavior and which presents an obvious heuristic interest. This writer sets forth a theoritical analysis of expressive activity which explains the nature of the information vehicled through the view of <> and <>. Secondly, this thesis purports to test the hypothesis whereby the information used during the perception of the signification of facial expressions corresponds to the relational activity and the action readiness of the sender, which hypothesis is in great part validated by the results of two experiments

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Chafi, Alhadi. "Influence du Mouvement Elémentaire sur la perception des émotions." Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30052/document.

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L’objectif de notre thèse a été d’étudier de manière précise les interactions entre les émotions et trois mouvements élémentaires (i.e., de vagues, parabolique et translationnel). Une première étude a permis de vérifier que le mouvement de vagues améliore la perception d’expressions faciales émotionnelles positives alors que le mouvement parabolique améliore la perception d’expressions faciales émotionnelles négatives (Chafi, Schiaratura, & Rusinek, 2012), phénomène de « congruence Emotion-Mouvement ». De plus amples recherches constituant notre seconde étude ont mis en évidence qu’augmenter l’intensité émotionnelle et la validité écologique des stimuli (i.e., des extraits de films) a mené à des effets d’inconsistance, qui se caractérisent par le fait que le mouvement parabolique augmente l’intensité émotionnelle du film très positif alors que le mouvement de vagues augmente l’intensité émotionnelle du film très négatif. Nous postulons que ces effets sont dus au mécanisme de contre-Régulation décrit par Rothermund (2003). Une réflexion conséquente sur la cognition incarnée nous a menés à une troisième étude s’intéressant à la verticalité, montrant que le mouvement parabolique améliore les compétences mnésiques et psychomotrices seulement lorsqu’il effectue une trajectoire descendante. L’exposition au mouvement élémentaire semble donc avoir un impact sur les sphères émotionnelle (auto-Évaluations), cognitive (tâche de mémoire) et comportementale (tâche de décomptage). Les données susmentionnées peuvent être représentées dans un modèle en réseaux associatifs du type Power et Dalgleish (2008), reprenant fortement celui de Bower (1981)
The aim of our thesis was to accurately study the interactions between emotions and three elementary motion (i.e., wave-Like, parabolic and translational). A first step helped us verifying that the wave-Like motion improves the perception of positive facial expressions whereas the parabolic motion improves the perception of negative facial expressions (Chafi, Schiaratura, & Rusinek, 2012), a phenomenon called “Emotion-Motion congruence”. Further investigations representing our second step have brought into light that increasing the emotional intensity and the ecological validity of our material (i.e., film excerpts) led to inconsistency effects, showing that the parabolic motion increases the emotional intensity of a very positive film while the wave-Like motion increases the emotional intensity of a very negative film. We hypothesize that these effects are products of the counter-Regulation mechanism defined by Rothermund (2003). An important reflection on embodiment led us to the third step on verticality, showing that the parabolic motion enhances mnemonic and psychomotor skills only when its trajectory was downward. The exposure to elementary motion seemingly has an impact on the emotional (self-Reports), cognitive (mnemonic task) and behavioral (serial subtraction) fields. The above-Mentioned data could be represented in an associative networks model such as the one of Power and Dalgleish (2008), itself based on Bower (1981)

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Yildirim, Funda. "Localization Facial Symmetry Perception Through Fmri." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615040/index.pdf.

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Humans are extremely sensitive and accurate about detecting the amount of symmetry that a face possesses. However perception of facial symmetry has not been investigated in terms of its neural correlates yet. In this thesis, we investigated localization of facial symmetry perception in the brain through the use of the fMR-adaptation method. In this method, marginally active neuronal populations can be detected by presenting faces with varying symmetry. By standardizing all aspects of the faces such as illumination, pose and contrast, we manipulated only the amount of fluctuating asymmetry in the face images. Previous studies have shown that a specific area, lateral occipital complex (LOC) exhibits sensitivity to orientation and position changes to faces and other objects. We observed that facial symmetry activation is specifically localized within the LOC boundaries. Within the LOC, we found that previously defined areas namely LO1 and LO2 are both responsive to manipulations of facial symmetry. We also tested our fMR-adaptation paradigm on non-face images, generated by scrambling the face stimuli used in our experiments. We replicated earlier results which demonstrated that LO1 and LO2 are activated in detecting differences between symmetric versus asymmetric patches. This suggests that although facial symmetry perception is not processed by a function specific area of the LOC, it uses main resources allocated for the object recognition system in an efficient manner. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to investigate face symmetry perception through fMR-adaptation.

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Rychlowska, Magdalena. "Sourires de joie, d'affiliation et de domination : Approche simulationniste." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF20006/document.

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Bien que la perception et l’interprétation des expressions faciales soient critiques pour notre vie sociale, leurs mécanismes restent largement incompris. Le but de ma thèse a été d’essayer de comprendre ces processus en analysant le sourire, qui est la plus complexe des expressions.Dans une série de 9 études, nous avons examiné le rôle du contact visuel et du mimétisme facial dans la perception des sourires. Les résultats d’une première série d’études (Chapitre 2) ont révélé que les sourires accompagnés du contact visuel ont plus d’impact émotionnel et sont plus imités par les observateurs que les sourires sans échange de regards. De plus, les études que nous avons réalisées auprès des enfants et d’adultes (Chapitre 3) révèlent que le mimétisme facial est effectivement important non seulement pour un jugement correct de l’authenticité des sourires, mais aussi pour le développement des compétences émotionnelles en général. Afin d’estimer les effets du mimétisme facial, il est important de mieux comprendre les expressions faciales que l’on imite. Dans une deuxième série d’études (Chapitre 4) nous avons donc cherché à regarder les différentes fonctions de sourire en validant une typologie fonctionnelle des sourires, ceux de joie, d’affiliation et de domination. Les résultats montrent que l’usage de ces sourires dans 9 pays, ainsi que les normes gouvernant l’expressivité faciale dans 31 pays peuvent être prédits par l’homogénéité de la population de ces pays à travers les siècles. La morphologie des sourires de joie, d’affiliation et de domination est l’objet des expériences en cours. En somme, ce travail de recherche sur le sourire révèle l’importance de l’expérience corporelle et de la simulation des expressions faciales perçues chez l’autre dans l’interaction sociale
Facial expressions are the core of our social life, but the exact mechanisms underlying their perception and interpretation are yet to be explained. The goal of this dissertation was to use the human smile as a case study in order to shed more light on the processing of facial expression. We first examined the role of eye contact and facial mimicry in the judgments of smiles. The findings revealed that smiles accompanied by eye contact have more emotional impact and elicit more corresponding smiling than smiles accompanied with averted gaze (Chapter 2). Moreover, studies involving children and adult participants (Chapter 3) show that facial mimicry is involved not only in perceptions of smile authenticity but also in the development of general emotional competence. Still, in order to define facial mimicry and explore its effects we need to specify what exactly is mimicked. A second series of studies (Chapter 4) provided initial support for the social-functional typology of reward, affiliative and dominance smiles and showed that the endorsement of these smiles – as well as general expressivity norms – can be predicted by a country’s demographic history, namely the homogeneity of its population over the centuries. The ongoing experiments investigate the morphology and the time course of the three functional smiles. Combined, our findings highlight the role of embodied simulation and bodily experience in the processing of smiles in particular and facial expression in general

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Prakash, Akanksha. "Understanding younger and older adults' perceptions of humanoid robots: effects of facial appearance and task." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49024.

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Although humanoid robots are being designed to assist people in various tasks, there remain gaps in our understanding of the perceptions that humanoid faces evoke in the user. Understanding user perceptions would help design robots that are better suited for the target user group. Younger and older adults’ preferences for robot appearance were assessed out of three levels of human-likeness. In general, people perceived a mixed human-robot appearance less favorably compared to highly human and highly robotic appearances. Additionally the nature of task also influenced people’s overall perceptions of robots. Robots were most positively evaluated for assistance with chores and less positively for personal care and decision-making. Moreover, task and robot humanness had an interactive effect on people’s likability, trust, and perceived usefulness toward robots. Age-related differences in preferences of robot humanness were also observed. Older adults showed a higher inclination toward human-looking appearance of robots whereas younger adults’ preferences were more distributed across the levels of humanness. An appearance with mixed human-robot features was more likely to be rejected by older adults than by younger adults, and the difference was most striking for a decision-making task. Besides the humanness of the robot face, perceptions of robot appearances were also influenced by factors such as robot gender, specific facial features/aesthetics, expressiveness, perceived personality, and perceived capability. Future studies should measure the relative weight of these different factors in the formation of perceptions, both at a global level and at a task-specific level.

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Gaba, Mahwash A. "Children's perceptions and facial disfigurement." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420245.

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Amaro, Maria Teresa Valentim. "As expressões faciais no estudo de emoções específicas: Uma análise de importância do contexto situacional no reconhecimento de algumas emoções." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/303.

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Dagnes, Nicole. "3D human face analysis for recognition applications and motion capture." Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2542.

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Cette thèse se propose comme une étude géométrique de la surface faciale en 3D, dont le but est de fournir un ensemble d'entités, issues du contexte de la géométrie différentielle, à utiliser comme descripteurs faciaux dans les applications d'analyse du visage, comme la reconnaissance faciale et la reconnaissance des expressions faciales. En effet, bien que chaque visage soit unique, tous les visages sont similaires et leurs caractéristiques morphologiques sont les mêmes pour tous les individus. Par conséquent, il est primordial pour l'analyse des visages d'extraire les caractéristiques faciales les plus appropriées. Tous les traits du visage, proposés dans cette étude, sont basés uniquement sur les propriétés géométriques de la surface faciale. En effet, l'objectif final de cette recherche est de démontrer que la géométrie différentielle est un outil complet pour l'analyse des visages et que les caractéristiques géométriques conviennent pour décrire et comparer des visages et, en général, pour extraire des informations pertinentes pour l'analyse faciale dans les différents domaines d'application. Enfin, ce travail se concentre aussi sur l'analyse des troubles musculo-squelettiques en proposant une quantification objective des mouvements du visage pour aider la chirurgie maxillo-faciale et la rééducation des mouvements du visage. Ce travail de recherche explore le système de capture du mouvement 3D, en adoptant la plateforme Technologie, Sport et Santé, située au Centre d'Innovation de l'Université de Technologie de Compiègne, au sein du Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Bioingénierie (BMBI)
This thesis is intended as a geometrical study of the three-dimensional facial surface, whose aim is to provide an application framework of entities coming from Differential Geometry context to use as facial descriptors in face analysis applications, like FR and FER fields. Indeed, although every visage is unique, all faces are similar and their morphological features are the same for all mankind. Hence, it is primary for face analysis to extract suitable features. All the facial features, proposed in this study, are based only on the geometrical properties of the facial surface. Then, these geometrical descriptors and the related entities proposed have been applied in the description of facial surface in pattern recognition contexts. Indeed, the final goal of this research is to prove that Differential Geometry is a comprehensive tool oriented to face analysis and geometrical features are suitable to describe and compare faces and, generally, to extract relevant information for human face analysis in different practical application fields. Finally, since in the last decades face analysis has gained great attention also for clinical application, this work focuses on musculoskeletal disorders analysis by proposing an objective quantification of facial movements for helping maxillofacial surgery and facial motion rehabilitation. At this time, different methods are employed for evaluating facial muscles function. This research work investigates the 3D motion capture system, adopting the Technology, Sport and Health platform, located in the Innovation Centre of the University of Technology of Compiègne, in the Biomechanics and Bioengineering Laboratory (BMBI)

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Stoyanova, Raliza. "Contextual influences on perception of facial cues." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608041.

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Fisher, Claire. "Social perception of facial cues of adiposity." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8334/.

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Previous research suggests that facial characteristics associated with body mass index (BMI) play an important role in health and attractiveness judgments of faces. However, very little work has investigated the factors that predict individual differences in preferences for facial cues of adiposity or how these individual differences are related to social outcomes. In light of the above, the first two empirical chapters of this thesis investigated the relationships between individual differences in preferences for facial cues of adiposity and (1) the BMI of men’s and women’s actual romantic partners and (2) disgust sensitivity. Analyses suggested that people with particularly strong preferences for slim-looking faces were more likely to have partners with low BMI and that men, but not women, who scored higher on pathogen disgust showed stronger aversions to faces displaying cues associated with high BMI. The third chapter investigated how people integrate information from shape cues of adiposity and information from skin color when judging the health and attractiveness of faces. Analyses showed that preferences for cues of low BMI were particularly strong when assessing faces displaying skin color cues associated with the absence of illness. These results suggest that integrating information from shape cues of adiposity and information from skin color could allow people to distinguish between individuals with low BMI because they are healthy and those with low BMI due to illness. Most research investigating the role of facial cues of adiposity in social perception has focused on the possible role of facial adiposity as a health cue. However, it is also possible that facial cues of adiposity contain other types of information, such as information about a person’s reported sociosexual orientation (openness to short-term, uncommitted sexual relationships). To explore this issue, the fourth empirical chapter of my thesis investigated the relationship between facial correlates of BMI and women’s sociosexual orientation. Although analyses suggested that slimmer women reported greater openness to short-term, uncommitted sexual relationships, the observed relationships were weak and, thus, unlikely to play an important role in social interactions. Together these studies support the claim that responses to facial cues of adiposity are related to romantic partner choice and function to distinguish between healthy and unhealthy individuals.

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Recio, Guillermo. "Perception of dynamic facial expressions of emotion." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16697.

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Verhaltensstudien haben gezeigt, dass dynamische besser als statische Emotionsausdrücke erkannt werden. Im Einklang mit dieser dynamischer Vorteil Hypothese, haben fMRT Studien eine erhöhte und ausgedehnte Aktivierung für dynamische Emotionsausdrücke gezeigt. Die vorliegende Dissertation hatte das Ziel, die kognitiven Mechanismen, die den dynamischen Vorteil bedingen, zu klären, beziehungsweise die Spezifität dessen Wirkung für Gesichtsausdrücke der sechs Basisemotionen zu untersuchen. Studie 1 verglich Verhaltensdaten und kortikale Reaktionen zwischen dynamischen und statischen Emotionsausdrücken. Studie 2 behandelte methodischen Fragen des Timings der Stimuli und der neutralen dynamischen Bedingung. Studie 3 überprüfte die Hypothese, dass die Erhöhung der Menge von Bewegungen in den Gesichtsausdrücken die Zuweisung der Aufmerksamkeit erhöhen würde, und verglich die Wirkung in emotionalen und nicht-emotionalen Bewegungen. Study 4 konzentrierte sich auf die Frage der Emotionsspezifität der Hirnaktivierung in der Erkennung von Emotionen. Die Ergebnisse bestätigten einen dynamischen Vorteil in der Klassifizierung von Emotionsausdrücken, vermutlich bedingt durch eine Erhöhung in der visuellen Aufmerksamkeit, und eine Verbesserung der Wahrnehmungsverarbeitung. Außerdem, erhöht sich dieser Effekt mit allmählichem Erhöhen der Stärke der Bewegung in beide emotionalen und neutralen Bedingungen. Solche Effekte sprechen für ein perzeptuellen Bias erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit emotionalen verglichen mit neutralen und dynamischen verglichen mit statischen Gesichtern zuzuweisen. Dieser Effekt war für Freude etwas erhöht und für Überraschung reduziert, aber insgesamt ähnlich für alle Emotionsausdrücken.
Behavioral studies have shown that facial expressions of emotion unfolding over time provide some type of information that benefits the recognition of emotional expressions, in comparison with static images. In line with the dynamic advantage hypothesis, neuroimaging studies have shown increased and wider activation while seeing dynamic expressions. The present dissertation aims to clarify the cognitive mechanism underlying this dynamic advantage and the specificity of this effect for six facial expressions of emotion. Study 1 compared behavioral and brain cortical responses to dynamic and static expressions, looking for psychophysiological correlates of the dynamic advantage. Study 2 dealt with methodological issues regarding the timing of the stimuli and the dynamic neutral conditions. Study 3 tested the hypothesis that increasing the amount of movement in the expressions would increase the allocation of attention, and compared effects of intensity in both emotional and non-emotional movements. Study 4 focused on the question of emotion specificity of brain activation during emotion recognition. Results confirmed a dynamic advantage in the classification of expressions, presumably due to more efficient allocation of attention that improved perceptual processing. The effect increased gradually by augmenting the amount of motion, in both emotional and neutral expressions, indicating a perceptual bias to attend facial movements. The enhancement was somewhat larger for happiness and reduced for surprise, but overall similar for all emotional expressions.

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McIntyre, A. H. "Applying psychology to forensic facial identification : perception and identification of facial composite images and facial image comparison." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/9077.

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Eyewitness recognition is acknowledged to be prone to error but there is less understanding of difficulty in discriminating unfamiliar faces. This thesis examined the effects of face perception on identification of facial composites, and on unfamiliar face image comparison. Facial composites depict face memories by reconstructing features and configurations to form a likeness. They are generally reconstructed from an unfamiliar face memory, and will be unavoidably flawed. Identification will require perception of any accurate features, by someone who is familiar with the suspect and performance is typically poor. In typical face perception, face images are processed efficiently as complete units of information. Chapter 2 explored the possibility that holistic processing of inaccurate composite configurations will impair identification of individual features. Composites were split below the eyes and misaligned to impair holistic analysis (cf. Young, Hellawell, & Jay, 1987); identification was significantly enhanced, indicating that perceptual expertise with inaccurate configurations exerts powerful effects that can be reduced by enabling featural analysis. Facial composite recognition is difficult, which means that perception and judgement will be influence by an affective recognition bias: smiles enhance perceived familiarity, while negative expressions produce the opposite effect. In applied use, facial composites are generally produced from unpleasant memories and will convey negative expression; affective bias will, therefore, be important for facial composite recognition. Chapter 3 explored the effect of positive expression on composite identification: composite expressions were enhanced, and positive affect significantly increased identification. Affective quality rather than expression strength mediated the effect, with subtle manipulations being very effective. Facial image comparison (FIC) involves discrimination of two or more face images. Accuracy in unfamiliar face matching is typically in the region of 70%, and as discrimination is difficult, may be influenced by affective bias. Chapter 4 explored the smiling face effect in unfamiliar face matching. When multiple items were compared, positive affect did not enhance performance and false positive identification increased. With a delayed matching procedure, identification was not enhanced but in contrast to face recognition and simultaneous matching, positive affect improved rejection of foil images. Distinctive faces are easier to discriminate. Chapter 5 evaluated a systematic caricature transformation as a means to increase distinctiveness and enhance discrimination of unfamiliar faces. Identification of matching face images did not improve, but successful rejection of non-matching items was significantly enhanced. Chapter 6 used face matching to explore the basis of own race bias in face perception. Other race faces were manipulated to show own race facial variation, and own race faces to show African American facial variation. When multiple face images were matched simultaneously, the transformation impaired performance for all of the images; but when images were individually matched, the transformation improved perception of other race faces and discrimination of own race faces declined. Transformation of Japanese faces to show own race dimensions produced the same pattern of effects but failed to reach significance. The results provide support for both perceptual expertise and featural processing theories of own race bias. Results are interpreted with reference to face perception theories; implications for application and future study are discussed.

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Pierce, Meghan. "Facial Expression Intelligence Scale (FEIS): Recognizing and Interpreting Facial Expressions and Implications for Consumer Behavior." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26786.

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Each time we meet a new person, we draw inferences based on our impressions. The first thing we are likely to notice is a personâ s face. The face functions as one source of information, which we combine with the spoken word, body language, past experience, and the context of the situation to form judgments. Facial expressions serve as pieces of information we use to understand what another person is thinking, saying, or feeling. While there is strong support for the universality of emotion recognition, the ability to identify and interpret facial expressions varies by individual. Existing scales fail to include the dynamicity of the face. Five studies are proposed to examine the viability of the Facial Expression Intelligence Scale (FEIS) to measure individual ability to identify and interpret facial expressions. Consumer behavior implications are discussed.
Ph. D.

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Cox, A. G. "Multimodal emotion perception from facial and vocal signals." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598105.

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The perception of emotion in other people is a fundamental part of social communication. Emotional expressions are often multimodal in nature and like human speech both auditory and visual components are used for comprehension. Up to this date however, the majority of emotion research has focused on the perception of emotion from facial or vocal expressions in isolation. This thesis investigated the behavioural and neural consequences of perceiving emotion from facial and vocal emotional signals simultaneously. Initial experiments demonstrated that a congruent, but unattended, vocal expression produced faster emotion-categorisation decisions to facial expressions, relative to incongruent or neutral voices. Similarly, simultaneously presented facial expressions had the same effect on the categorisation of vocal expressions. Subsequent experiments showed that other pairings of emotional stimuli (vocal expressions and emotion pictures; facial expressions and emotion pictures) did not have bi-directional effects on each other, but rather asymmetric effects that were consistent with interactions between these stimuli at post-perceptual stages of processing. Facial and vocal signals are naturalistic pairings, and evidence that these signals are integrated at a ‘perceptual’ level was provided by a final experiment using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Congruent facial-vocal pairings produced enhanced activity in the superior temporal sulcus; a region implicated in cross-modal integration of sensory inputs. The data from this thesis suggest that facial and vocal signals of emotion are automatically integrated at a perceptual processing stage to create a single unified percept to facilitate social communication.

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Juzwin, Kathryn Rossetto. "The effects of perceptual interference and noninterference on facial recognition based on outer and inner facial features." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/447843.

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This study investigated the effects of interference from a center stimulus on the recognition of faces presented in each visual half-field using the tachistoscoptic presentation. Based on prior studies, it was hypothesized that faces would be recognized nnre accurately based on outline features when presented to the Left visual field - Right hemisphere and on inner features for the Right visual field - Left hemisphere. It was also hypothesized that digits presented at center fixation would interfere most with the recognition of the inner details of faces presented to the right hemisphere, since recognizing both faces and digits requires high-frequency spectral analysis (Sergent, 1982b).Each stimulus was cinposed of either a number or a blank at center fixation and a face placed either to the left or right of fixation. The results indicated no performance differences due to the visual field of presentation. Recognition was most accurate when no center stimulus was present, and recognition of outer details was more accurate than recognition of inner details. Subjects tended to use top-to--bottan processing for faces in both visual fields.

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Ross, Stephen James. "Processing facial similarity utilizing denotative and connotative information to understand facial similarity judgments /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Santorelli, Noelle Turini. "Perception of Emotion from Facial Expression and Affective Prosody." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/17.

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Real-world perception of emotion results from the integration of multiple cues, most notably facial expression and affective prosody. The use of incongruent emotional stimuli presents an opportunity to study the interaction between sensory modalities. Thirty-seven participants were exposed to audio-visual stimuli (Robins & Schultz, 2004) including angry, fearful, happy, and neutral presentations. Eighty stimuli contain matching emotions and 240 contain incongruent emotional cues. Matching emotions elicited a significant number of correct responses for all four emotions. Sign tests indicated that for most incongruent conditions, participants demonstrated a bias towards the visual modality. Despite these findings, specific incongruent conditions did show evidence of blending. Future research should explore an evolutionary model of facial expression as a means for behavioral adaptation and the possibility of an “emotional McGurk effect” in particular combinations of emotions.

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Tan, Kok Wei. "Facial skin condition, health and perception in Malaysian Chinese." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/31476/.

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Skin texture and colour play an important role in the judgment of apparent health (Fink, Grammer, & Thornhill, 2001; Jones, Little, Burt, & Perrett, 2004; Matts, Fink, Grammer, & Burquest, 2007; Samson, Fink, & Matts, 2010; Stephen, Coetzee, Law Smith, & Perrett, 2009a; Stephen, Coetzee, & Perrett, 2011), and have been linked to aspects of physiological health, including fitness, immunity and fertility (Armstrong & Welsman, 2001; Jones et al., 2015; Stephen et al., 2011). The current thesis examines the contribution of skin condition to health perception in Malaysian Chinese. The thesis comprises six chapters. Chapter one offers a general introduction to the topic. It outlines key literature on health perception, and explains the research problem, the objectives and relevance of the studies conducted. Chapter 2 consists of three studies which examine Malaysian Chinese participants’ perception of apparent health. The three studies revealed the significance of both skin texture, and skin colour in forming health perceptions. Examining the sensitivity threshold of human vision to colour changes, Chapter 3 discovered that individuals tend to be more sensitive to changes in redness and yellowness than luminance; and this extra-sensitivity in chrominance is specific to the perception of human faces, and not non-face objects or colour patches. Following the finding of preference for slightly yellower skin, Chapter 4 reported a supplementation study, whereby an increment in skin yellowness and redness was observed for participants who were prescribed the fruit and vegetable smoothie (and not for the control group). Using the face images obtained in the intervention study, the three perceptual studies in Chapter 5 were designed to examine the amount of carotenoid colouration that is needed to optimize healthy appearance of Malaysian Chinese faces. Too much colour change was not preferred and, in the last study, it seems that the appropriate amount of carotenoid colouration preferred is only one third of the amount observed in the intervention study. Collectively, these nine studies deepen our knowledge of health perception, especially the importance of skin colour in determining perceived human facial health. Implications and suggestions for future research are presented in Chapter 6.

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Hill, Harold. "Effects of lighting on the perception of facial surfaces." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384985.

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Sherman, Adam Grant. "Development of a test of facial affect recognition /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1994. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9510111.

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Mignault, Alain. "Connectionist models of the perception of facial expressions of emotion." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0019/NQ55360.pdf.

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Mignault, Alain 1962. "Connectionist models of the perception of facial expressions of emotion." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36039.

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Two connectionist models are developed that predict humans' categorization of facial expressions of emotion and their judgements of similarity between two facial expressions. For each stimulus, the models predict the subjects' judgement, the entropy of the response, and the mean response time (RT). Both models involve a connectionist component which predicts the response probabilities and a response generator which predicts the mean RT. The input to the categorization model is a preprocessed picture of a facial expression, while the hidden unit representations generated by the first model for two facial expressions constitute the input of the similarity model. The data collected on 45 subjects in a single-session experiment involving a categorization and a similarity task provided the target outputs to train both models. Two response generators are tested. The first, called the threshold model , is a linear integrator with threshold inspired from Lacouture and Marley's (1991) model. The second, called the channel model, constitutes a new approach which assumes a linear relationship between entropy of the response and mean RT. It is inspired by Lachman's (1973) interpretation of Shannon's (1948) entropy equation. The categorization model explains 50% of the variance of mean RT for the training set. It yields an almost perfect categorization of the pure emotional stimuli of the training set and is about 70% correct on the generalization set. A two-dimensional representation of emotions in the hidden unit space reproduces most of the properties of emotional spaces found by multidimensional scaling in this study as well as in other studies (e.g., Alvarado, 1996). The similarity model explains 53% of the variance of mean similarity judgements; it provides a good account of subjects' mean RT; and it even predicts an interesting bow effect that was found in subjects' data.

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Everhart, Daniel Erik. "Neuropsychological effects of anxiety without depression on facial affect perception." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45057.

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Sixty right-handed men, half classified as anxious without depressive symptoms, the other half as nonanxious, participated in a tachistoscopic study of the influence of anxiety without depression on hemispheric processing of Ekman and Friesen's (1976) happy, angry, and neutral emotional faces. Results were counter to hypotheses, where anxious subjects' reaction times to affective valences were slower than nonanxious subjects. Additionally, anxious subjects failed to demonstrate a negative affective bias for neutral stimuli. Results are discussed in terms of arousal theory, where anxious subjects may be considered overaroused for the tachistoscopic task, thereby exhibiting slower reaction times to affective stimuli. More specific neuropsychological hypotheses for anxious individuals without depression versus nonanxious individuals in terms of concurrent anterior dysfunction and posterior hyperarousal are discussed.

Master of Science

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Srinivasan, Ramprakash. "Computational Models of the Production and Perception of Facial Expressions." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531239299392184.

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Girges, Christine. "Facial motion perception in autism spectrum disorder and neurotypical controls." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11220.

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Facial motion provides an abundance of information necessary for mediating social communication. Emotional expressions, head rotations and eye-gaze patterns allow us to extract categorical and qualitative information from others (Blake & Shiffrar, 2007). Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by a severe impairment in social cognition. One of the causes may be related to a fundamental deficit in perceiving human movement (Herrington et al., 2007). This hypothesis was investigated more closely within the current thesis. In neurotypical controls, the visual processing of facial motion was analysed via EEG alpha waves. Participants were tested on their ability to discriminate between successive animations (exhibiting rigid and nonrigid motion). The appearance of the stimuli remained constant over trials, meaning decisions were based solely on differential movement patterns. The parieto-occipital region was specifically selective to upright facial motion while the occipital cortex responded similarly to natural and manipulated faces. Over both regions, a distinct pattern of activity in response to upright faces was characterised by a transient decrease and subsequent increase in neural processing (Girges et al., 2014). These results were further supported by an fMRI study which showed sensitivity of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) to perceived facial movements relative to inanimate and animate stimuli. The ability to process information from dynamic faces was assessed in ASD. Participants were asked to recognise different sequences, unfamiliar identities and genders from facial motion captures. Stimuli were presented upright and inverted in order to assess configural processing. Relative to the controls, participants with ASD were significantly impaired on all three tasks and failed to show an inversion effect (O'Brien et al., 2014). Functional neuroimaging revealed atypical activities in the visual cortex, STS and fronto-parietal regions thought to contain mirror neurons in participants with ASD. These results point to a deficit in the visual processing of facial motion, which in turn may partly cause social communicative impairments in ASD.

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McCullough, Stephen Hugh. "Functional and neural organization underlying face and facial expression perception." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2010. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3390061.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2010.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Feb. 18, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-110).

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Hipol, Ligot Clarita Villafranca. "Facial Emotional Perception, Psychosis, Antisocial Traits, and Violence in Schizophrenia." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3301.

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Compromised social cognition, psychosis, and antisocial traits are associated with violence in individuals with schizophrenia. Facial emotional perception (FEP) has been used to measure social cognition in schizophrenia, but its relationships to psychosis, antisocial behavior, and violence have not been explored. Archival data from a sample of 38 participants ages 18-55 with schizophrenia were analyzed in a quasi-experimental design using a 2-way analysis of variance to determine the relationship of psychosis, antisocial traits, and FEP. The main factors of the analysis were psychosis, classified as either high or low, and antisocial traits, classified as high or low. The dependent variable was FEP. Additionally, logistic regression was used to determine if the recent violent behavior was related to FEP, psychosis, and antisocial traits. Results showed significant main effects for psychosis and antisocial traits and interaction between psychotic state and antisocial traits. Logistic regression identified antisocial traits as a predictor of violence. The results are consistent with previous studies showing that a deficit in social cognition is a risk factor in violence. This study shows that antisocial traits are a predictor of a recent history of violence. These findings are consistent with the theory of the mind, perceptual organization theory, and integrative emotional system theory and provide additional information about how social cognition is manifested in some adults with schizophrenia. The study contributes to positive social change by providing a basis for treatment options with schizophrenia which distinguish social cognition, psychosis and antisocial behavior and violence.

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Dwyer, Margaret M. "Affective priming at a subthreshold level." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/424879.

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The communication of facial affect is a poorly understood process. In a subthreshold priming task, subjects were asked to rate photographs of faces displayed in a tachistoscope. Faces exhibiting strong positive and negative expressions were shown at 10% below the subject's recognition level and masked. Following this, a photograph of the same individual exhibiting no expression, or neutrality, was exposed at a rate that was well above the subject's recognition level. The subject was asked to rate the second photograph, or target, as being either positive or negative. It was hypothesized that the evaluations of target photographs would be biased by the prior subthreshold presentation of a strong positive or negative prime. The results did not support the hypothesis. Subjects rated the neutral faces as being negative regardless of the prime. It is possible that the experimental procedure produced a negative bias that counteracted the potential biasing effect of the primes.

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Silva, Luciana Maria da. "Simetria e atratividade facial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-07022007-232710/.

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A simetria facial foi investigada como fator de atratividade em quatro experimentos. Fotos frontais em preto e branco de faces de homens e mulheres foram manipuladas por computação gráfica para gerar faces simétricas. No Exp. I as faces simétricas foram geradas a partir da reflexão das metades laterais, direita e esquerda, de cada face. Essas faces simétricas e suas respectivas faces naturais foram apresentadas a sujeitos para julgar o quão atrativa elas eram. Os resultados mostraram que faces assimétricas (naturais) foram julgadas como mais atrativas que as simétricas. No Exp. II utilizaram-se as mesmas faces simétricas e naturais do Exp. I, porém, excluindo-se os elementos externos da face por meio de uma moldura elíptica. Essas faces foram apresentadas aos pares e pediu-se para os participantes escolher a mais atrativa, além de julgar seu grau de atratividade. Os resultados mostraram que nenhuma foto simétrica foi julgada como mais atrativa que sua respectiva face natural, bem como as faces naturais foram mais escolhidas que as simétricas. A exclusão dos elementos externos das faces não contribuiu para aumentar o grau de atratividade das mesmas. No Exp. III as faces simétricas foram geradas por técnica de morphing a partir da imagem da face original e a sua respectiva imagem refletida. A apresentação e julgamentos das faces seguiram o modelo do Exp. II. Os resultados mostraram que nenhuma face simétrica obteve escore de atratividade maior que as naturais, mas com relação às escolhas, para faces masculinas houve maior número de escolhas para as faces simétricas. No Exp. IV foram utilizadas as mesmas faces simétricas e naturais do Exp. III, excluindo-se os elementos faciais externos. Os resultados indicaram maior escores de atratividade, bem como um maior número de escolhas das faces simétricas. Comparadas ao Exp. III houve um aumento nos escores de atratividade para as faces simétricas e uma diminuição dos escores para as faces naturais. Conclui-se que a simetria não deve ser considerada como um fator isolado na análise da atratividade facial; relações entre outros elementos podem contribuir para tornar uma face mais atrativa.
The facial symmetry was investigated as attractiveness factor in four experiments. Front pictures in black and white of men\'s and women?s faces were manipulated by graphic computation to create symmetrical faces. In Exp. I, the symmetrical faces were created starting from the lateral half right and left reflection, of each face. Those symmetrical faces and their respective natural faces were presented to people that had to judge how attractive they were. The results showed that asymmetrical faces (natural) were judged as more attractive than the symmetrical ones. In Exp. II, we used the same symmetrical and natural faces of Exp. I, however, being excluded face?s external elements through an elliptic frame. These faces were presented in pairs and we asked for the participants to choose the most attractive, besides judging the attractiveness degree. The results showed that no symmetrical picture was judged as more attractive than its respective natural face, as well as the natural faces were more chosen than the symmetrical ones. The exclusion of the external elements of the faces didn\'t contribute to increase the attractiveness degree of themselves. In Exp. III, the symmetrical faces were created by morphing technique starting from the original face image and its respective reflected image. The presentation and judgments of the faces followed the model of Exp. II. The results showed that no symmetrical face obtained score of larger attractiveness than the natural ones, but regarding the choices, for masculine faces there was larger number of choices for the symmetrical faces. In Exp. IV we used the same symmetrical and natural faces of Exp. III, being excluded the external facial elements. The results indicated larger attractiveness scores, as well as a larger number of choices fore the symmetrical faces. Comparing Exp. IV with Exp. III, we had an increase in the attractiveness scores for the symmetrical faces and a decrease of the scores for the natural faces. We concluded that the symmetry should not be considered as an isolated factor in the facial attractiveness analysis; the relationships among other elements can contribute to turn a more attractive face.

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Batty, Magali. "Perception des émotions faciales au cours du développement normal et autistique." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20006.

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Le but de cette thèse est de développer les connaissances actuelles quant aux processus neuronaux impliqués dans le traitement des émotions faciales chez l'adulte et au cours du développement normal et autistique en utilisant les potentiels évoqués cognitifs. Chez l'adulte sain, les composantes précoces sont sensibles aux émotions, révélant l'extrême rapidité et l'automaticité du traitement. Les résultats développementaux montrent une maturation tardive des processus émotionnels. Le pattern adulte n'apparaît qu'à l'adolescence, mais les jeunes enfants présentent une sensibilité aux émotions, laissant supposer qu'il existe un traitement particulier des émotions dans la première partie de l'enfance qui s'estompe avec l'âge. Les PEC des enfants avec autisme montrent un retard de développement. Le traitement émotionnel observé chez l'adulte sain ne se met pas en place chez ces enfants, mais celui observé chez les jeunes non autistes est présent et persiste malgré le développement
The goal of this thesis was to investigate the neural substrates involved in facial emotional processing in adults and during normal and autistic development, using event-related potential (ERPs). In adults, early ERPs components were sensitive to facial emotions demonstrating the automaticity and rapidity of emotional processing. Developmental data revealed a late maturation of these processes. The adult pattern was reached only in teenagers, although the youngest children showed a distinctive sensitivity to emotion, suggesting that the emotional processing early in childhood decreases with age, as a more mature pattern evolves. The ERPs of autistic children showed developmental delays. The adult pattern of emotional processing was not seen in any of these children; the pattern seen in young control children was present in the autistic children but it did not change with age

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Ale, Chelsea M. "Social anxiety and facial affect recognition in preschool children." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5731.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 33 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 18-23).

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Puerta, Mariana Yumi Takahashi. "Dor facial crônica e sua associação com morbidades odontológicas e sistêmicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-09082017-131213/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Dor facial crônica abrange várias condições que podem se apresentar isoladas ou concomitantes, cujas evidências têm apontado para o impacto local e na saúde como um todo. Morbidades odontológicas e sistêmicas podem estar presentes nesses indivíduos e afetar a sensibilidade álgica. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar doentes com dor facial crônica quanto à prevalência e perfil de morbidades odontológicas e sistêmicas, em comparação com indivíduos sem dor facial. MÉTODOS: Cento e sessenta e quatro pacientes do ambulatório de Dor Neuropática Orofacial do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, com idade média de 57,7±15,75 anos, e 133 indivíduos-controles sem queixas de dor, com idade média de 49,83±22,55 anos, foram selecionados. Foram avaliadas as características clínicas e funcionais orofaciais e o histórico médico prévio, sendo utilizado um protocolo de avaliação sensitiva superficial que incluiu as seguintes modalidades: percepção mecânica (táctil e vibratória), percepção térmica (frio e calor), percepção álgica (superficial e profunda), percepção à estimulação elétrica, sensibilidade gustativa (doce, azedo, amargo e salgado) e limiar olfativo. Para a tabulação, os doentes foram divididos em dois subgrupos (dor facial neuropática e dor facial complexa). Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente considerando-se um nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Houve maior prevalência de doenças gastrointestinais, respiratórias e psiquiátricas no grupo de dor facial complexa quando comparado aos outros dois grupos estudados (dor facial neuropática e controle) (p < 0,033, p < 0,014 e p < 0,001, respectivamente). A prevalência de ausências dentárias foi maior nos indivíduos com dor neuropática (49,2%) quando comparados ao grupo de dor complexa (37,9%) e aos controles (30,1%). Estes últimos apresentaram mais cáries do que os doentes com dor, enquanto que alterações mandibulares foram mais comuns nos grupos de doentes (p < 0,050). Os doentes com dor neuropática apresentaram mais bruxismo (p=0,005), e os diversos tratamentos odontológicos, fisioterápicos e cirúrgicos se associaram a alterações nos limiares sensitivos. Quanto às morbidades sistêmicas, houve maior prevalência de doenças cardiovasculares na maioria dos grupos de doentes, sendo que tanto estas quanto os fármacos utilizados para seu tratamento também estavam relacionados principalmente a anormalidades sensitivas somestésicas e olfativas. CONCLUSÕES: A maior prevalência de morbidades em doentes com dor facial complexa parece relacionar-se com um caráter sindrômico e funcional dessas condições, sendo que a presença de morbidades se associou com a dor e com alterações sensitivas. O grupo de dor facial neuropática apresentou maior comprometimento funcional mandibular e perdas dentárias, sendo que estas se associaram a morbidades sistêmicas
INTRODUCTION: Chronic facial pain is a term that includes several conditions that might be present isolated or concomitant. The evidences have suggested an impact in general health and dental or systemic comorbidities can be found in these patients affecting their sensory pain perception. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate patients with chronic facial pain about the prevalence and profile of general and local oral conditions in comparison to subjects with no facial pain complaint. METHODS: Hundred-sixty-four patients from the Neuropathic Facial Pain Clinic of Hospital das Clínicas of the Medical School of the University of São Paulo, with mean age of 57.7±15.75 years old, and 133 control subjects with no pain complaints, with mean age of 49.83±22.55 years old, were selected. The evaluation protocol included: clinical and functional orofacial characteristics, previous medical history and sensory evaluation of the following modalities: mechanical (tactile and vibratory), thermal (cold and warm), pain (superficial and deep), electric stimulation, gustative (sweet, sour, bitter and salty) and olfactory thresholds. The patients were divided into two subgroups (neuropathic facial pain and complex facial pain). Data were statistically analyzed considering a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The prevalence of gastrointestinal, respiratory and psychiatric diseases was higher in the group of patients with complex facial pain compared to the other groups (p < 0.033, p < 0.014 e p < 0.001, respectively). The frequency of dental absences was higher in patients with neuropathic pain (49,2%) when compared to complex facial pain (37,9%) and controls (30,1%). The controls had more decays that the patients, while mandibular masticatory abnormalities were more frequent among the patients (p < 0.50). Neuropathic facial patients had more bruxism (p=0.005) and the common dental, physiotherapic and surgical treatments were associated with abnormalities in sensory thresholds. Cardiovascular disease was the most common morbidity, and systemic conditions as well as the medication to treat them were associated with abnormalities in somatosensory and olfactory thresholds, mainly. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of morbidities in patients with complex facial pain seems to be associated with a syndromic and functional aspect of these conditions; the frequency of systemic morbidities and pain were associated with sensory abnormalities. Patients with neuropathic facial pain had more mandibular function complications and teeth losses, which were associated with systemic morbidities

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Perception faciale'

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