Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Perception locale'
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Canou, Joseph. "Perception par cartographie locale de l'environnement pour une navigation réactive d'un robot mobile." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2012.
Full textBlom, Vidal Abreu Anna Maria. "Particularités de la perception visuelle du mouvement chez les enfants atteints du syndrôme de Williams et de troubles autistiques." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066237.
Full textNinassi, Alexandre. "De la perception locale des distorsions de codage à l'appréciation globale de la qualité visuelle des images et vidéos : apport de l'attention visuelle dans le jugement de qualité." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2012.
Full textThis study deals with the local evaluation of perceptual distortions, the overall visual quality assessment and the influence of visual attention in viusal quality assessment. To locally evaluate distortions in images, we have simplified an existing human visual system model using wavelet transform and we have proposed an improved visual masking model that takes into account both semi-local masking and contrast masking. From these models, we have designed and tested several image quality metrics. Regarding videos, we have developed a new method to locally evaluate the spatio-temporal distortions. This method is based on a short-term temporal pooling of spatial distortions which simulates the evaluation of distortions through some selection mechanisms of visual attention. A video quality metric based on this method has been designed and validated. It is based on a longterm temporal pooling incorporating perceptual saturation and asymmetric behavior. In order to study visual attention in subjective and objective visual quality assessment, eye-tracking experiments on images and videos have been conducted both in free task and quality task. From collected data we have studied the visual attention deployed in the different configurations. The results have confirmed, among others, the influence of the quality task on deployment of visual attention. The impact of visual attention in the construction of the quality judgment has also been studied using the real saliency information. Results show that, both with images and videos, a simple linear weighting of distortions by the visual attention does not clearly improve performances of objective quality metrics
Krakowski, Claire-Sara. "L'inhibition, un processus au cœur de la compétition visuo-attentionnelle globale/locale : perspectives développementales." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB206/document.
Full textThe visual world around us is extremely complex and has a great deal of information embedded in various sources that compete for our attentional resources. Our cognitive system must select a limited amount of visual information, which allows one to adapt to the environment. The perceptive saliency of a piece of information automatically biases attentional resources towards it, and this process is often useful and adaptive. Nevertheless, when the advantaged information is not the most pertinent available, additional mental effort is necessary to suppress it and to select the information of interest. The purpose of this thesis is to connect models of attentional selection and inhibition to the global precedence effect. The latter describes the faster processing of the global structure of an object compared to its local constitutive parts as well as the interference from global to local level. This global precedence effect seems to exist in preschoolers, but appears to be sensitive to manipulations of saliency: when the local elements are dense, the global form spontaneously emerges and is prioritized; however, when local elements are sparse, they seem to be processed with priority. The main goal of this thesis is to specify the global/local development by 1) studying the attentional competition between global, intermediate and local hierarchical levels during development and 2) highlighting the central role of inhibitory control when selecting the less salient level. With a visual search task, we demonstrated that in adults the local level is always disadvantaged during the attentional competition for resources compared to more structural, global and intermediate, levels. Although children showed a similar pattern of results, the selection of the local level was impaired in 5- and 6-year-old children who committed more errors than older children and adults. This result indicates there is a lack of inhibition of the global form in preschoolers. With a negative priming paradigm, we validated the idea that adults and 7-year-old children need to inhibit the global hierarchical level (the most salient one) to select the local hierarchical level (the less salient one). However, when using sparse hierarchical figures, this pattern of results was reversed in 7-year-old children but not in adults. A local inhibition, instead of a global inhibition, seems to be necessary in children when processing sparse figures. Regardless of which level is the most salient at each age, the inhibition process appears necessary to suppress the information at the salient and non-pertinent level in order to select the less salient but most relevant information. Taken together, and with regards to models of attentional selection and inhibition and to dynamic theories of development, these results provide new interpretations and perspectives in the study of the global precedence effect in children and adults
Nader, Georges. "Calcul du seuil de visibilité d’une distorsion géometrique locale sur un maillage et ses applications." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1239/document.
Full textGeometric operations applied to a 3D mesh introduce geometric distortion in the form of vertex displacement that can be visible to a human observer. In this thesis, we have studied the perceptual impact of these geometric distortions. More precisely, our goal is to compute the threshold beyond which a local geometric distortion becomes visible. In order to reach this goal, we start by evaluating perceptually relevant properties on 3D meshes. We have then performed a series of psychophysical experiments in which we measured the visibility threshold relative to various properties of the Human Visual System (contrast sensitivity and visual masking). The results of these experiments allowed us to propose an algorithm that computes the visibility threshold relative to a local geometric distortion. This algorithm is capable of adapting to the different display condition of 3D meshes (resolution, display size, illumination condition and rendering). Finally, we showcase the utility of our work by integrating the developed perceptual method in several geometric operations such as mesh simplification and adaptive subdivision
Lopez, Pelaez Juanita. "La construction sociale du risque à Medellin (Colombie) : gouvernance locale et représentations." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0071.
Full textThis work analyses the process of social construction of risk in Medellin. Since the middle of the 20th century "natural" disaster due to landslides, floods and flashfloods has caused over 1,000 deaths, affecting over 50,000 people and destroying over 5,000 homes. Although the city itself has been marked by a great catastrophe, understood in its classic sense, such as Villatina in 1987, disasters are mostly "small disasters" that affect the daily lives of informal settlement inhabitants. Nevertheless, their accumulated "major effects" in time and space have historically been brushed aside by the affected people themselves as well as by local authorities. The pattern of disasters shows the way in which social segmentations have taken place resulting in particular from a heterogeneous distribution of public utilities, leading to the accelerated degradation of a geographically constraining site. This context is common to other Andean cities as well as, in general, to aIl developing cities. The main interest of this case study is that a lot of resources have been invested in the last three decades in attempting to assess and manage risk. Medellin is also the city where different urban risks at various levels coexist, particularly in regard to the Colombian political conflict, making risk assessment more difficult. Through a large field research, this study looks at the relationships that exist between public policies, actions and social representations of risk and disasters. The dissertation is organized in three main parts: first accumulated effects of disasters are analyzed from a historical point of view and in relation to the underlying causes of "vulnerability as well as the roots of the public debate about risk. Secondly, it analyses the main strategies of risk reduction that have been applied. Finally, it analyses the contradictions between risk governance and disaster response and the difficulties of achieving risk governance from a bottom-up perspective. Instead of being a framework allowing us to understand the complexity of elements that compose risk and to move towards a sustainable urban development, this work brought us to the conclusion that local public risk management policies have been used mainly as a tool to constrain informal urban development. As a consequence, this fragmented vision has inhibited the improvement of a more holistic and multi-hazard approach concerning the conurbation as a whole and, in the other hand, it has aggravated the risk conditions of the most vulnerable groups of the population
Azzouz, Karima. "Esthétique et poïétique de la coloration dans l'architecture traditionnelle et contemporaine dans les villes du sud tunisien." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944011.
Full textParage, Jane. "Gouvernance locale de l'eau et information géographique : étude du SAGE du bassin versant de la Mayenne - France." Le Mans, 2009. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2009/2009LEMA3004_1.pdf.
Full textThe integrated watershed management is spreading like an alternative to the sectorial and centralizing policies. This new model of management belongs to the international organization which recommend a local governance, where the power is given to the local stakeholders who define compromises collectively and implement actions. France was one of the first countries to make water governance with the Water Management Plans (SAGE) introduced by the water act of 1992. These procedures have ambition a watershed management, on a hydrographic unit scale, by going into partnership the actors. These actors have a different culture and practice of water and space. Thereby, these procedures beg the question of their applicability. The Water Management Plans use Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Their practice are variable as to the knowledge, the division and the exchange of information and the negotiation and the decision aid. Thereby, the question of the use of the geographic information to accompany arises the process of a local governance. This thesis consist in understanding the dynamic process of a local governance of Water Management Plans and in analyzing the role of the geographic information. The approach rests on study and explorative case studies, which reveal the principal obstacle and overhang at the participation, the dialogue and decision over the Water Management Plans and proposes a exploitation method geographic information, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), over Water Management Plan of the Mayenne. The principal results reveal that several variables are likely to influence the process of governance during the the Water Management Plans : the territory, the sociocultural and political context and the nature and intensity of the water problems as the political, technical and financier management. Also, they emphasize the quality and the intelligibility of geographic information to interpret the complexity of the hydrosystème, to make emerge a global view of the problems, to describe the management objectives, to support the implication of the local actors and to dynamize the debates in the development of the compromises
Chirca, Mihai. "Perception pour la navigation et le contrôle des robots mobiles. Application à un système de voiturier autonome." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22763/document.
Full textThis work covers the conception of a system capable to do automatic parking maneuvers more versatile than those already commercialized, respecting the technical definition of exteroceptive sensors limited by costs and weight. A typical use case is to set a vehicle to park autonomously in the parking lot of a home, function generally called autonomous home valet parking. Taking from the existing and knowing the expected performances, a system architecture and a functional architecture were drawn. This allowed to compose an assembly of interconnected functions that participated in the creation of modular software architecture, as well as in the creation of connection interfaces with the prototype vehicle. First, we explored the obstacle detection problem. Having a closed property system with ultrasonic sensors, we managed to build an obstacle map with a higher precision level than the build-in product. An increasing limit detection of the ultrasonic sensors was developed using the Structure from Motion technique. This obstacle occupancy information was exploited afterwards in order to solve the detection problem of the navigation corridors. Second, the vehicle localization is addressed. Three localization techniques work for a continuous functioning robustness: the localization by odometry, the localization by occupancy grid map matching and the localization by comparing the current image with the images stored in a database adapted to our needs and improved by computing means. Last, we interested in the vehicle navigation problem. We considered solved the actuator control problem for the tracking of a given trajectory and we concentrated on an admissible trajectory planning. We developed a local path planning technique for avoiding the unmapped obstacles. In order to build the trajectory we used curves of known geometry and we proved that by using clothoides and eventually two circle arches (if maximum steering angle achieved) it is therefore be possible to create trajectories with continuous curves adapted to our situation. We confirmed that using an obstacle map will allow us to predict forehead the possibility to take a specific navigation corridor. Each part of this work was validated in simulation as well as on real data, proving the pertinence of the proposed approaches for the intended application
Ninassi, Alexandre. "DE LA PERCEPTION LOCALE DES DISTORSIONS DE CODAGE A L'APPRECIATION GLOBALE DE LA QUALITE VISUELLE DES IMAGES ET VIDEOS. APPORT DE L'ATTENTION VISUELLE DANS LE JUGEMENT DE QUALITE." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00426909.
Full textBreux, Sandra. "De l'imaginaire géographique à l'acte politique : l'influence des représentations territoriales sur la participation politique individuelle à l'échelle locale et urbaine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24878/24878.pdf.
Full textMineo-Kleiner, Lucile. "L'option de la relocalisation des activités et des biens face aux risques côtiers : stratégies et enjeux territoriaux en France et au Québec." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0042/document.
Full textSince 2012, the French government has carried out a national strategy for the integrated coastline management that promotes managed retreat (or relocation) included in a territorial project. In Quebec, such a strategy has not been developed, but houses are occasionally displaced or destroyed. This PhD focuses on how managed retreat is tackled in France and in Quebec. A first assessment of past experiences reveals that relocation has rarely been materialized as the French government conceives it. The aim of this research is to confront the ideas supported by governments through their public policy with the ground and to identify the obstacles and the possibilities of implementing relocation. To reach this goal, we have gathered the opinion of institutional stakeholders through semi-directive interviews. Two polls have also been carried out to get inhabitants point of view. These surveys reveal dissimilarities in the approaches taken by governments and institutional actors in France and Quebec. It reflects fundamental differences in public policy in both territories. Moreover, the implementation of relocation raises many common issues, financial, land management and social acceptability issues. Major constraints concern governance of relocation project, which is based on an unpopular idea and is a long term challenge. Interests at different scales seem to be sufficiently antagonistic to compromise the emergence of a territorial project integrating relocation. Nevertheless, a law proposal in France and a recent evolution of the Quebec government's action open up new perspectives
Viala, Laurent. "Le géographe et l'espace public urbain : situations, contextes, enjeux dans les aires métropolitaines françaises." Montpellier 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON30040.
Full textDuché, Sarah. "La pollution de l'air en région parisienne : exposition et perception sur les sites touristiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840818.
Full textLe, Minor Loïc. "Image des villes : de l'image officielle aux perceptions habitantes : étude comparée de Poitiers et de la Rochelle." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT5015.
Full textStarting up a comparative study on about thirty years between Poitiers et La Rochelle, we tried to evaluate the similarity between the official image spread by the town councils and the perceptions of the inhabitants. First, we brought to light the different ways of building a brand image by the producers of space. It seems that the singularity of each town comes less from the set of themes than from the way they are treated and communicated. Secondly, we approached the representations of the inhabitants to perceive their closeness to the institutional discourse. The image of these towns are revealed as relatively stable in the present and shared both by councillors and citizens
Porporino, Mafalda. "Developmental differences in global and local perception : is global perception more attention demanding than local perception." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30796.
Full textHéry, Elwan. "Localisation coopérative de véhicules autonomes communicants." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2516.
Full textTo be able to navigate autonomously, a vehicle must be accurately localized relatively to all obstacles, such as roadside for lane keeping and vehicles and pedestrians to avoid causing accidents. This PhD thesis deals with the interest of cooperation to improve the localization of cooperative vehicles that exchange information. Autonomous navigation on the road is often based on coordinates provided in a Cartesian frame. In order to better represent the pose of a vehicle with respect to the lane in which it travels, we study curvilinear coordinates with respect to a path stored in a map. These coordinates generalize the curvilinear abscissa by adding a signed lateral deviation from the center of the lane and an orientation relative to the center of the lane taking into account the direction of travel. These coordinates are studied with different track models and using different projections to make the map-matching. A first cooperative localization approach is based on these coordinates. The lateral deviation and the orientation relative to the lane can be known precisely from a perception of the lane borders, but for autonomous driving with other vehicles, it is important to maintain a good longitudinal accuracy. A one-dimensional data fusion method makes it possible to show the interest of the cooperative localization in this simplified case where the lateral deviation, the curvilinear orientation and the relative positioning between two vehicles are accurately known. This case study shows that, in some cases, lateral accuracy can be propagated to other vehicles to improve their longitudinal accuracy. The correlation issues of the errors are taken into account with a covariance intersection filter. An ICP (Iterative Closest Point) minimization algorithm is then used to determine the relative pose between the vehicles from LiDAR points and a 2D polygonal model representing the shape of the vehicle. Several correspondences of the LiDAR points with the model and different minimization approaches are compared. The propagation of absolute vehicle pose using relative poses with their uncertainties is done through non-linear equations that can have a strong impact on consistency. The different dynamic elements surrounding the ego-vehicle are estimated in a Local Dynamic Map (LDM) to enhance the static high definition map describing the center of the lane and its border. In our case, the agents are only communicating vehicles. The LDM is composed of the state of each vehicle. The states are merged using an asynchronous algorithm, fusing available data at variable times. The algorithm is decentralized, each vehicle computing its own LDM and sharing it. As the position errors of the GNSS receivers are biased, a marking detection is introduced to obtain the lateral deviation from the center of the lane in order to estimate these biases. LiDAR observations with the ICP method allow to enrich the fusion with the constraints between the vehicles. Experimental results of this fusion show that the vehicles are more accurately localized with respect to each other while maintaining consistent poses
Poisson, Marie E. "Studies in visual search : effects of distractor ratio and local grouping processes." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70299.
Full textBennett, Paul Norman, and paul bennett@flinders edu au. "SATELLITE HAEMODIALYSIS NURSES PERCEPTIONS OF QUALITY NURSING CARE: A CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY." Flinders University. Nursing and Midwifery, 2009. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20090828.154836.
Full textKube, Claus Ronald. "Collective robotics, from local perception to global action." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21586.pdf.
Full textHeron, S. "From local constraints to global binocular motion perception." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5218/.
Full textStephens, Alexander John, and alex stephens@flinders edu au. "From Phoenix to Firehazard: Perceptions of Japanese Leadership in the Asia Pacific, 1960-2000." Flinders University. Political and International Studies, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20060830.175008.
Full textMcLachlan, Katherine Jane, and katherine mclachlan@flinders edu au. "Grounds for Hope and Disappointment: Victims/Survivors Perceptions of South Australia Police Responses to Rape." Flinders University. School of Law, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070824.131843.
Full textRogers, Jason Alan. "Cyclopean motion aftereffects using spiral patterns : dissociation between local and global processing." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2007/j_rogers_042007.pdf.
Full textBazzani, Claudia <1985>. "Consumer Perception and Willingness to Pay for Local Food." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7154/.
Full textSuh, Hyejean. "The role of local feature processing in object perception /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Full textPoirel, Nicolas. "Traitement visuel global-local et identification chez l’enfant et l’adulte." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN2033.
Full textA visual scene has different hierarchical levels of structure, from the most local elements to the largest global level of organization. To study the mechanisms that underlie global and local perception, Navon (1977) used compound stimuli, consisting of large letters composed of a suitable arrangement of small letters. In adults, two very reproducible effects were found: a global advantage and a global interference. These have been called the “global precedence effect” (GPE). This thesis aimed at studying interactions between global-local and identification processes. In a first experiment, we used compound stimuli composed of objects and non-objects. We showed that the global precedence effect could be inversed depending on the meaningfulness of the stimuli. In a second experiment we found, first, that the global level was always processed faster than the local level, irrespective of the meaningfulness of the material. Second, we found that the interference effect occurred only with meaningful stimuli. These results suggest that the GPE involves, on the one hand, “sensory mechanisms” and, on the other hand, “cognitive mechanisms”. We also studied how global and local processes evolve during childhood, according to the meaningfulness of the stimuli. We found evidence for an evolution from local preference at 4 years of age to adult-like global preference at 9 years of age. Moreover, we found that the effect of identification processes during the global-local task evolves during childhood. Finally, a forth study revealed that the way in which people deal with global and local information varies according to the inter-individual characteristic of field dependency. All these results underscore the fact that looking for meaning is crucial in the perception of visual scenes
Marks, June Sylvia, and june marks@flinders edu au. "The experience of urban water recycling and the development of trust." Flinders University. Sociology, 2003. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20060123.214133.
Full textCampbell, Nnenia Marie. "Hurricane Katrina and the perception of risk incorporating the local context /." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002712.
Full textBahrami, Masoud, and masoud bahrami@flinders edu au. "A Comparison of Patients and Nurses Perceptions of Cancer Patients Quality of Life: A Mixed Research Approach." Flinders University. Nursing and Midwifery, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20080715.125510.
Full textWebber, Graham Ross, and graham webber@bigpond com. "Reiki: Practitioners� Perceptions of the Effectiveness of a Complementary Therapy in the Treatment Regime of People with Dementia." Flinders University. Department of Disabilities Studies, School of Medicine, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20061009.093745.
Full textGalanzeh, Hejazeen Emad. "Tourism and local communities in Jordan : perception, attitudes, and impacts /." München : Profil Verl, 2008. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2913168&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Full textBingley, Amanda Faith. "The influence of gender on the perception of local landscape." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22655.
Full textBell, Jason. "An analysis of global shape processing using radial frequency contours." University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0051.
Full textTsui, Sum-yin. "Local motion in the image plane and in the stereo-depth plane distorts an object's perceived location and spatial arrangement." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38610607.
Full textSAUNIER, pierre yves. "LYON AU XIX° SIECLE: LES ESPACES D'UNE CITE." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008880.
Full textZell, Ethan. "The Local Dominance Effect in Self-Evaluation: Evidence and Explanations." Ohio : Ohio University, 2010. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1259027157.
Full textAndriotis, Konstantinos. "Local community perceptions of tourism as a development tool." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2000. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/401/.
Full textBarrance, Thomas Alexander. "Perceptions and practice of Gov2.0 in English local government." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6441/.
Full textAblay, Talip. "Maintenance Perception in Swedish SMEs (A local study in Kronoberg County)." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-24142.
Full textLeung, Moon-chuen, and 梁滿泉. "Perception of school climate on a local newly established secondary school." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31961101.
Full textCampbell, Nnenia. "HURRICANE KATRINA AND THE PERCEPTION OF RISK: INCORPORATING THE LOCAL CONTEXT." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3216.
Full textM.A.
Department of Sociology
Sciences
Applied Sociology MA
Leung, Moon-chuen. "Perception of school climate on a local newly established secondary school." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21184835.
Full textKotynski, Anne Elizabeth. "The Impact of Global Versus Local Visual Attention on Auditory Perception." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1565380220244836.
Full textTsui, Sum-yin, and 徐心言. "Local motion in the image plane and in the stereo-depth plane distortsan object's perceived location and spatial arrangement." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38610607.
Full textMartins, Lívia Tátila dos Reis [UNESP]. "Áreas naturais protegidas: a percepção ambiental dos residentes do entorno do parque ambiental de Teresina/PI." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95674.
Full textA presente pesquisa investigou a percepção ambiental dos residentes do entorno do Parque Ambiental, situado na zona norte da cidade de Teresina/PI. A área natural, em questão, é protegida e encontra-se localizada no meio urbano. Portanto, está presente na vida dessas pessoas que, por sua vez, determinam a qualidade desse ambiente. A abordagem qualitativa, pautada na fenomenologia, revelou aspectos importantes do cotidiano dos moradores, que foram apresentados como a percepção da coletividade. Foram definidos três grupos ao longo da circunvizinhança do Parque, com conseqüente aplicação de questionários para analisar a percepção destes acerca da importância dada ao Parque e do reconhecimento das distintas funções exercidas por esta área natural protegida, em função dos diferentes espaços por eles ocupados em seu entorno. Os dados levantados foram analisados e apresentados em forma de tabela. Assim, a principal contribuição deste estudo está relacionada à geração de conhecimento que poderá subsidiar futuros projetos ambientais para esta Unidade, e que envolvam especialmente as comunidades circunvizinhas, com vistas à garantia da manutenção e da conservação do Parque Ambiental
The present research investigated the environmental perception of the surrounding residents from Parque Ambiental, located at the north zone of the city of Teresina/PI. The protected natural area in case is located in an urban place, hence, it is present in the life of these people, who determine the quality of this environment. The qualitative approach, based on phenomenology, revealed important aspects of the residents’ quotidian, that were presented with a collective perception. Three groups were defined among the surrounding neighborhood of the Park, with a consequent application of questionnaries, in order to analyse their perception about the importance given to the Park and the recognition of the distinct functions exercised by this protected natural area, in function of the different spaces occupied by them in its surrounding neighborhood. The collected data were analysed and presented in a table form. So, the mainly contribution of this study is related to the production of knowledge that can subsidize future environmental projects for this unit, involving specially the neighbor communities, in order to guarantee the maintenance and the conservation of Parque Ambiental
Maurel, Christophe. "Approches et perceptions du contrôle de gestion dans les conseils généraux." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1G019.
Full textWhile the management control in the French public local sector focuses on the cities, some evolutions concern the general councils with a legal change ( a new budgetary and accounting framework), a cultural change (the development of managerial values) and technological changes (the new technologies of information and communication meet the manager's expectations). Are general councils consider these evolutions as opportunities to develop a management control system ? Using a socio-technical framework, we exploit a longitudinal analysis based on six local authorities and a national survey to verify the impacts of these evolutions and to characterize the approaches of the management control. The analysis of management control units, based on documents and interviews, show the complexity, the variety, and the instability of the management control approaches in the general councils. The answers of the questionnaire addressed to thirty-nine local authorities confirm theses ideas with typologies proving the diversity of approaches used. We point out that the new budgetary and accounting instruction called M52 is no used to improve the information system, that the management values implemented are called into question, and that the computerised tools contribute to the development of the organisation and coordination missions of the controller. Furthermore, the treatment of the interviews by a speech automatic classification shows some cognitive dissonances between the way the controllers perceive theirs functions and the acitvities really made
Lash, Steven J. "Perceptions of representational efficacy in local and national teacher unions." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2006. http://165.236.235.140/lib/SLash2006.pdf.
Full textSumares, David Manuel Silva. "Local perceptions and postures towards the SPA "Ria de Aveiro"." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/3355.
Full textEm teoria, a Rede Natura 2000 representa um passo importante para a institucionalização do Desenvolvimento Sustentável porque, numa lógica de integração, pretende compatibilizar o desenvolvimento local com critérios específicos de sustentabilidade ambiental que no futuro poderão ser alargados para além das áreas designadas. Contudo, na prática, a implementação da rede confronta-se com inúmeros obstáculos que constituem uma ameaça para os seus objectivos de conservação, principalmente ao nível dos processos decisórios. Estes terão de harmonizar interesses contraditórios e criar compromissos viáveis entre diferentes stakeholders , garantindo ao mesmo tempo o envolvimento das populações locais, cuja participação é um factor chave para o sucesso da protecção da biodiversidade. Esta dimensão é particularmente relevante para os habitats semi-naturais, os quais constituem a grande maior parte da Rede Natura 2000 em Portugal. Um dos aspectos mais cruciais neste processo é a própria imagem da RN2000 a nível local, a qual é determinante para a sua aceitação e eventual sucesso. Num contexto crescente (i) de promoção de políticas e instrumentos de protecção do ambiente, (ii) do destaque dado aos municípios, e (iii) da expectativa de que a legislação ambiental contribua para transformar e corrigir processos e critérios de tomada de decisão, esta tese pretende avaliar as percepções, expectativas e posturas das autoridades locais relativamente à Rede Natura 2000. Estas percepções resultam da forma como a rede tem sido implementada até agora, e simultaneamente determinam as limitações e as potencialidades dos processos decisórios a nível local em Portugal para criar os compromissos necessários para a implementação bem sucedida das Directivas Aves e Habitats. Como é que estão a ser tomadas as decisões relativas à adopção do processo de implementação? Como é que os compromissos necessários entre os proprietários e as autoridades estão a ser estabelecidos? Quais são as percepções, expectativas e posturas dos autarcas para com estas questões? Ao tentar responder a estas questões, analisámos as posições de autarcas de vários municípios que partilham a Ria de Aveiro uma importante zona húmida designada como ZPE ao abrigo da Directiva Aves. Constatámos que a visão do poder local sobre a Rede Natura 2000 não lhe é particularmente favorável, o que consequentemente traz dificuldades adicionais a um processo de implementação que tem sido problemático desde o início, não só em Portugal, mas por toda a UE. O processo tem-se deparado com obstáculos recorrentes tais como uma abordagem tecnocrática de estilo top-down e impositivo, um envolvimento tardio e pouco eficaz dos stakeholders locais nos processos de decisão e designação, a falta de recursos materiais e de informação de base sobre a biodiversidade existente e a sua gestão ideal, uma fraca integração intersectorial com as políticas de planeamento, e uma considerável falta de harmonia em relação a diferentes posições no âmbito da chamada ética ambiental . No caso particular de Portugal, a imagem da Rede Natura 2000 tem ainda sido agravada pela noção de que a sua designação representa na prática um impedimento ao desenvolvimento local e portanto até mesmo um constrangimento à sustentabilidade económica dos municípios. ABSTRACT: sustainable development in the sense that local development is being subjected to specific sustainability criteria that in the future may be expected to broaden and extend beyond these areas. Many Natura 2000 sites are protected areas where the targeted biodiversity is highly dependent on the active management of semi-natural ecosystems. These are areas where partial environmental sustainability (in relation to specific target species and habitats) will be legally enforced, thus restricting local development and incompatible land uses. At the same time, however, the securement of biodiversity goals depends on the social and economic development needed to fixate populations and maintain the semi-natural habitats. This will be extremely demanding for local decision-making processes that will need to simultaneously harmonize conflicting interests and compromise stakeholders while guaranteeing the involvement of local populations whose participation is a key factor for the success of biodiversity protection. One of the most vital elements in this process is the image that Natura 2000 enjoys among local authorities and stakeholders, which determines to a great extent its level of acceptance and eventual success. Within a growing context (i) of promotion of biodiversity and environmental conservation policy, (ii) of increased local competences and challenges, and (iii) of expectation that environmental legislation might contribute to transform and enhance decisionmaking criteria and processes, this thesis aims to assess the perceptions, expectations and postures of local authorities towards Natura 2000. These perceptions simultaneously result from the way the network has been implemented so far, and also determine the limitations and the potential of Portuguese local decision-making in creating the necessary compromises for the successful implementation of the Natura 2000 directives. How are decisions related to the adoption of the implementation process being made? How are the necessary compromises with landowners and authorities being established? What are the perceptions, expectations and posture of local politicians towards these implementation issues? In order to attempt answering these questions, we analysed the positions of key politicians of municipalities that share an important part of the Ria de Aveiro an important Portuguese wetland area designated as SPA under the Birds Directive. We concluded that local perceptions are not particularly favourable to Natura 2000, which will consequently bring additional difficulties to an implementation process that has been problematic from the start, not only in Portugal, but throughout the EU. The process has generally faced recurrent obstacles such as a technocratic top-down approach, late and ineffective involvement of local stakeholders in designation and decision-making, lack of financial means and of scientific baseline data on biodiversity and how it is best managed, a weak integration of inter-sectoral and land-use planning policies, and mismatches in underlying ethics concerning nature. Specifically in Portugal, the image of Natura 2000 has been further aggravated by the perception that Natura 2000 designation represents a ban on development and thus a constraint to the economic sustainability of municipalities.
Norton, Melanie J. "Information Management in Local Area Networks: Impact on Users' Perceptions." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278856/.
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