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1
Gott, Jarrod, Leonore Bovy, Emma Peters, et al. "Virtual reality training of lucid dreaming." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1817 (2020): 20190697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0697.
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Metacognitive reflections on one's current state of mind are largely absent during dreaming. Lucid dreaming as the exception to this rule is a rare phenomenon; however, its occurrence can be facilitated through cognitive training. A central idea of respective training strategies is to regularly question one's phenomenal experience: is the currently experienced world real , or just a dream? Here, we tested if such lucid dreaming training can be enhanced with dream-like virtual reality (VR): over the course of four weeks, volunteers underwent lucid dreaming training in VR scenarios comprising dream-like elements, classical lucid dreaming training or no training. We found that VR-assisted training led to significantly stronger increases in lucid dreaming compared to the no-training condition. Eye signal-verified lucid dreams during polysomnography supported behavioural results. We discuss the potential mechanisms underlying these findings, in particular the role of synthetic dream-like experiences, incorporation of VR content in dream imagery serving as memory cues, and extended dissociative effects of VR session on subsequent experiences that might amplify lucid dreaming training during wakefulness. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Offline perception: voluntary and spontaneous perceptual experiences without matching external stimulation'.
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Stanghellini, G. "Abnormal time experience, bizarre delusions and verbal-acoustic hallucinations in schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.860.
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The integrity of time consciousness is the condition of possibility of the identity through time of an object of perception as well as of the person who perceives it. I will present our findings about abnormal time experience (ATE) in people with schizophrenia. These data may support the following hypothesis: if the continuity of temporal experience disintegrates (of which ATE are experiential manifestations), overarching meaningful units are no longer available, thereby creating temporal gaps, e.g., in one's stream of consciousness. In some cases, thoughts that are no longer experienced as embedded in one's stream of thoughts are experienced as, e.g., thought interferences, blockages, insertion or withdrawal. These symptoms cannot be explained as a mere disturbance of attention or comprehension at the level of semantic combinations. Rather, the disturbance could be searched for at a more basic level where the temporal coherence of conscious awareness is constituted. A failure of the constitutive temporal synthesis may create micro-gaps of conscious experience. In the most severe cases, thoughts or other mental phenomena that are no longer embedded in the continuity of basic self-experience may appear in consciousness as “erratic blocks” and experienced as being inserted, or, if further externalized, as auditory hallucinations (“voices”). This coheres with the hypothesis that a breakdown of temporality may be bound up with the breakdown of prereflexive self-awareness.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
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Azorin, J. M., Catherine Wieder, and J. Naudin. "Binswanger & Schapp: Existential Analysis or Narrative Analysis?" Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 29, no. 2 (1998): 212–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156916298x00102.
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AbstractBinszuanger's Daseinsanalyse is, first and foremost, an attempt to explain the close links that may exist between how to understand, interpret, and experience. To achieve this goal, it constantly evolves through a to and fro movement between two kinds of thought processes, that is, Husserl's and Heidegger's. It sways around the central question of living connections that take place between the experiences within the intimate "(hi)stories" of one's life and the very same connections between my own experience and that of the other person. Of course, it runs into the problem of misunderstanding, which is typical of that very process and comes back whenever one is confronted by a theory of perception. The present authors question once again such an ontological primacy with reference to Wilhelm Schapp's philosophy. According to the latter, (hi)story and not perception comes first. Things are valid only because they surge within one's (hi)story, and it is (hi)story that holds person's seat. The person thus becomes described as being entangled amidst (hi)stories. The authors show that one can cast a new light on Binswanger's project by following Schapp on a narrative level: Connections living through experiences are connections between (hi)stories. The encounter with the psychiatric patient is understood in terms of mutual "entanglement. " Such a point of view leads the authors to analyze existential analysis through the new criteria of a strictly narrative analysis.
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Vuckovic, Zeljko. "Prolegomena regarding critical media aesthetics." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 137 (2011): 495–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1137495v.
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Contemporary technology and media era is characterized by aesthetics domination over logic, ethics and metaphysics. The reality is replaced by simulation and the picture is more important that the truth. The narcissistic media shape not only one's perception, but one's experience of the world, creation of taste and system of values. Therefore, we need a new media aesthetics that would lead to the development of critical media sensitivity and comprehension of how media messages emerge and affect the audience. If there is no critical aesthetics, there exists anesthesia. Being both a media perception theory and media taste critique, media aesthetics can contribute to creating a new media culture, realizing human potentials and improving communication rationality. Aesthetics is a prerequisite of media literacy and critical media pedagogy. In such a world media can serve as creative extensions of human perception, tools for comprehension and socialization in such a way as suggested by poet William Blake: If the doors of perception were cleansed, everything would appear to man as it is, infinite.
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Kindermann, Nicole K., and Natalie S. Werner. "Cardiac Perception Enhances Stress Experience." Journal of Psychophysiology 28, no. 4 (2014): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000114.
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In the present study we aimed to investigate the impact of the ability to perceive bodily changes as indexed by the perception of one’s heartbeat (cardiac perception) on emotional experience when being confronted with a mental stressor. To induce stress, participants high and low in cardiac perception performed a computerized mental arithmetic test while listening to a white noise increasing in volume. Emotional experience and heart rate were assessed as indices of stress response. Our results show that participants high in cardiac perception reported more negative emotions during the stress period compared to participants low in cardiac perception, though heart rate did not differ between the groups. Our findings suggest that cardiac perception moderates the stress experience by enhancing the perceived emotion. Thus we were able to demonstrate that cardiac perception contributes as a factor explaining the variance in individuals’ emotional response to a stressor.
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Liebow, Nabina. "Internalized Oppression and Its Varied Moral Harms: Self‐Perceptions of Reduced Agency and Criminality." Hypatia 31, no. 4 (2016): 713–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12265.
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The dominant view in the philosophical literature contends that internalized oppression, especially that experienced in virtue of one's womanhood, reduces one's sense of agency. Here, I extend these arguments and suggest a more nuanced account. In particular, I argue that internalized oppression can cause a person to conceive of herself as a deviant agent as well as a reduced one. This self‐conception is also damaging to one's moral identity and creates challenges that are not captured by merely analyzing a reduced sense of agency. To help illustrate this claim, I consider experiences of people of color who internalize stereotypes regarding criminality and moral deviance. With these examples in mind, I show that internalized prejudices regarding criminality can cause people of color (men and women) to view themselves as outlaws in the moral community, that is, as wrongdoers. This conclusion helps give voice to some of the challenges that women of color who experience multiple sorts of internalized prejudices often face. To conclude, I discuss one strategy for empowerment that women of color have used when confronted with multiple forms of internalized oppression.
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Skura, Monika. "The meaning of experiencing disability and its effect on one’s perception of society." Men Disability Society 45, no. 3 (2019): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6221.
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People with physical disabilities, just as other people who have a different appearance or function in a different way may experience negative social mechanisms. Therefore, it is worth asking, what does it mean to experience different stages of the process of accepting one's disability in a society. The research sample consisted of 75 people with physical disabilities. The data was collected using a questionnaire and the Adjective Check List (ACL) by H.B. Gough, A.B. Heilbrun. The first part of this article aims to determine what difficulties are involved in experiencing a disability. Subsequently, the data is presented regarding the perception of the disabled people of: non-disabled people, people with physical disabilities and people with a different type of disability. It turns out, that regardless of the stage of adapting to their own disability, people with a physical disability are most likely to meet with the able-bodied and their own group of people.
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Tu, Yangjun, Yaguang Chen, Yi Guo, Zhi Yang, and Xin Jiang. "Interpersonal Trust and Self-Perception of Heterosexual Charm Moderate Potential for Betraying One's Romantic Partner." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 43, no. 6 (2015): 909–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.6.909.
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We examined whether or not interpersonal trust and self-perception of one's heterosexual charm moderated the potential to betray one's romantic partner. To enable free expression, we asked college students (N = 271) to imagine the possibility of a relationship breakup occurring between couples described in 4 vignettes. The results showed that the men believed that couples were more likely to break up when the woman in the partnership experienced a dramatic change for the worse in her physical appearance, but the women thought that couples were more likely to break up when the man in the partnership experienced a dramatic worsening of his economic status. Interpersonal trust and self-perception of heterosexual charm more strongly affected the perception of the male participants that a couple would break up when there was a change for the worse in the physical appearance of the woman partner, and these 2 factors also strongly affected the perception of the female participants that a couple would break up when there was a dramatic worsening of the economic status of the man in the partnership.
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O'Sullivan, Noreen, Christophe de Bezenac, Andrea Piovesan, et al. "I Am There … but Not Quite: An Unfaithful Mirror That Reduces Feelings of Ownership and Agency." Perception 47, no. 2 (2017): 197–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006617743392.
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The experience of seeing one's own face in a mirror is a common experience in daily life. Visual feedback from a mirror is linked to a sense of identity. We developed a procedure that allowed individuals to watch their own face, as in a normal mirror, or with specific distortions (lag) for active movement or passive touch. By distorting visual feedback while the face is being observed on a screen, we document an illusion of reduced embodiment. Participants made mouth movements, while their forehead was touched with a pen. Visual feedback was either synchronous (simultaneous) with reality, as in a mirror, or asynchronous (delayed). Asynchronous feedback was exclusive to touch or movement in different conditions and incorporated both in a third condition. Following stimulation, participants rated their perception of the face in the mirror, and perception of their own face, on questions that tapped into agency and ownership. Results showed that perceptions of both agency and ownership were affected by asynchrony. Effects related to agency, in particular, were moderated by individual differences in depersonalisation and auditory hallucination-proneness, variables with theoretical links to embodiment. The illusion presents a new way of investigating the extent to which body representations are malleable.
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Beer, David W. "“There's a Certain Slant of Light”: The Experience of Discovery in Qualitative Interviewing." Occupational Therapy Journal of Research 17, no. 2 (1997): 110–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153944929701700206.
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Perception, meaning, and experience, often expressed in the writing and interpretation of poetry, are important parts of human life. Qualitative interviewing, when it acknowledges and capitalizes on the presence of human interviewers and of so-called interviewer effects, opens itself to capturing and comprehending such phenomena as perception, meaning, and experience. Such interviewing is a creative process in which the interactions) and conversation(s) of interviewer and respondent produce statements and formulations, rather than merely drawing such constructs from the mind of the respondent. Examination of an interview in which the author was respondent shows how interview dialogue facilitated his formulation of a narrative account of part of his intellectual development. This example is used to illustrate how interviewing can facilitate the exploration of one's personal world(s) and how interviewers discover that their constructions and formulations of the world differ from those of their respondents. In the final analysis, it is the subjectivity of the qualitative interview, its being influenced by and affecting both interviewer and respondent, that makes discovery possible in qualitative research.
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González Palta, Ingrid, Pablo Castro-Carrasco, Enzo Cabrera, Paulina Jamet, and Francisco Leal-Soto. "Generating Subjective Theories After a Disaster: The Role of Personality." Revista Colombiana de Psicología 30, no. 2 (2021): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v30n2.79061.
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The role of people's beliefs in their perception of disasters has been scarcely studied. In this study, we analyzed how people who experienced an earthquake and a subsequent tsunami employ subjective theories (ST) to explain their traumatic experience. This study aimed to interpret the explanations developed by a group of people about the earthquake and tsunami that took place in Chile in 2015. Thirteen episodic interviews were conducted as part of a qualitative case study. The participants' theories were grouped into four categories: the impact of personality on one's reaction to hardships; the existence of a link between personality and coping styles; the limited influence of personality on one's way of coping with difficulties; and changes in personality after experiencing hardships. These findings are discussed analyzing whether the participants' explanations could foster personal growth and psychological well-being after the catastrophe. How to cite: González-Palta, I., Castro-Carrasco, P. J., Cabrera, E., Jamet, P., & Leal-Soto, F. (2021). Generating Subjective Theories After a Disaster: The Role of Personality. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 30(2), 13-26. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v30n2.79061
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de Haan, S. "Philosophical Interpretations and Existential Effects of Hallucinations." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70386-4.
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Within philosophy, hallucinations have served as a paradigmatic test-case for epistemology in general and for theories of perception in particular. The differentiation of hallucinations from “real-life-perception” poses some interesting problems. Here, I will focus on two opposing views: first the view of hallucination as a failure of a metacognitive ability, and second a phenomenologically based view of hallucinations as a disturbance of experiential world-directedness.Our theoretical understanding of hallucinations however, should take the highly unsettling existential effects on the patients themselves into account as well. As one admits to have experienced a hallucination, this calls into question one's entire capability of perception in general. For how can one be sure not to be hallucinating again? The loss of a basic trust in one's own senses can be so stressful as to aggravate the existing symptoms. These existential effects show that perception cannot be taken as a singular faculty and strengthen the phenomenological approach to hallucinations.
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MINICHIELLO, VICTOR, JAN BROWNE, and HAL KENDIG. "Perceptions and consequences of ageism: views of older people." Ageing and Society 20, no. 3 (2000): 253–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x99007710.
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This qualitative study examines meanings and experiences of ageism for older Australians. While the concept is widely applied in academic social analysis, the term is not understood or used by many of the informants. They talk freely, however, about negative experiences in ‘being seen as old’ and ‘being treated as old’. Active ageing is viewed as a positive way of presenting and interpreting oneself as separate from the ‘old’ group. Informants recognise that older people as a group experience negative treatment in terms of poor access to transport and housing, low incomes, forced retirement and inadequate nursing home care. While few have experienced overt or brutal ageism, interaction in everyday life involves some negative treatment, occasional positive ‘sageism’, and others ‘keeping watch’ for one's vulnerabilities. Health professionals are a major source of ageist treatment. Some older people limit their lives by accommodating ageism, while others actively negotiate new images of ageing for themselves and those who will be old in the future.
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Miller, Eric D. "IMAGINING PARTNER LOSS AND MORTALITY SALIENCE: CONSEQUENCES FOR ROMANTIC-RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 31, no. 2 (2003): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2003.31.2.167.
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As hypothesized, imagining the death of one's romantic partner (for those currently involved in a romantic relationship for at least one continuous year) enhanced relationship satisfaction; unexpectedly, imagining one's own death did not markedly affect relationship satisfaction (Experiment 1). Experiment 2 found that imagining the death of one's partner has an impact similar to imagining a positive experience with one's partner regarding relationship satisfaction. Furthermore, imagining the death of one's romantic partner causes the individual to favorably change his/her perceptions of certain personality characteristics of the partner. Experiment 3 examined the interactive effects that certain personality traits had on imagining either the death of oneself or of one's romantic partner with respect to self-reported relation-ship satisfaction. The applied and theoretical implications of this research are extensively discussed.
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Shvil, Erel, Herbert Krauss, and Elizabeth Midlarsky. "The Experienced Self and Other Scale: A technique for assaying the experience of one’s self in relation to the other." Journal of Methods and Measurement in the Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/jmm.v4i2.17934.
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The construct “self” appears in diverse forms in theories about what it is to be a person. As the sense of “self” is typically assessed through personal reports, differences in its description undoubtedly reflect significant differences in peoples’ apperception of self. This report describes the development, reliability, and factorial structure of the Experience of Sense of Self (E-SOS), an inventory designed to assess one’s perception of self in relation to the person’s perception of various potential “others.” It does so using Venn diagrams to depict and quantify the experienced overlap between the self and “others.” Participant responses to the instrument were studied through Exploratory Factor Analysis. This yielded a five-factor solution: 1) Experience of Positive Sensation; 2) Experience of Challenges; 3) Experience of Temptations; 4) Experience of Higher Power; and 5) Experience of Family. The items comprising each of these were found to produce reliable subscales. Further research with the E-SOS and suggestions for its use are offered. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v4i2_shvil
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Shvil, Erel, Herbert Krauss, and Elizabeth Midlarsky. "The Experienced Self and Other Scale: A technique for assaying the experience of one’s self in relation to the other." Journal of Methods and Measurement in the Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v4i2.17934.
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The construct “self” appears in diverse forms in theories about what it is to be a person. As the sense of “self” is typically assessed through personal reports, differences in its description undoubtedly reflect significant differences in peoples’ apperception of self. This report describes the development, reliability, and factorial structure of the Experience of Sense of Self (E-SOS), an inventory designed to assess one’s perception of self in relation to the person’s perception of various potential “others.” It does so using Venn diagrams to depict and quantify the experienced overlap between the self and “others.” Participant responses to the instrument were studied through Exploratory Factor Analysis. This yielded a five-factor solution: 1) Experience of Positive Sensation; 2) Experience of Challenges; 3) Experience of Temptations; 4) Experience of Higher Power; and 5) Experience of Family. The items comprising each of these were found to produce reliable subscales. Further research with the E-SOS and suggestions for its use are offered. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v4i2_shvil
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Park, Jinhee, and Roy K. Chen. "Positive Psychology and Hope as Means to Recovery from Mental Illness." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 47, no. 2 (2016): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.47.2.34.
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The field of psychiatric rehabilitation has seen a paradigm shift in its perceptions of symptom reduction, recovery, and restoration of personal-growth and -development. Recovery is subjective in nature, as no two individuals achieve identical rehabilitation outcomes; the process is dynamic and influenced by an array of personal and environmental factors, all of which can facilitate a deeply personal, unique progression that changes one's attitudes, values, feelings, goals, skills, and roles. The concept of positive psychology is relevant to the perception from mental illness. Positive psychology seeks to understand what makes life worth living and encourages the use of mental strengths that reside in every human to confront challenges and create meaningful life experiences. Among the constructs of positive psychology, hope is one the most important concerning recovery, as it is directly tied to whether one believes that one's recovery is feasible. Having a sense of hope can enhance one's motivation to engage in the recovery process. The application of positive psychology, especially the concept of hope and recovery-oriented interventions in real-life rehabilitation settings can enormously benefit the well-being of people with mental illness.
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Gada, Sneha Ketan. "Varying Perception of Smile Esthetics-A Deviation from the Norm: A Pictorial Questionnaire-based Survey." International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 5, no. 3 (2015): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1133.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Living in a beauty conscious society, the mouth, a focal point of the face, plays a major role in how we perceive ourselves and in the impression we make on the people around us. Esthetic perception varies from person to person, being influenced by each person's personal experience and social environment. In the process of providing esthetic treatment for a patient, one should not only rely on one's eyes and personal perception of beauty, but also be guided by the patient's desires. Hence, the measurement of the perception of beauty in dentistry is fundamental for providing scientific data that can guide diagnosis and treatment planning. Aim This study aims at evaluating the changing trends of esthetic dentistry with the perception of people. Materials and methods The study using a visual pictorial questionnaire was conducted among 100 students of Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India in February 2013, consequently repeated in October 2013. The scores were averaged and calculated to record the probability prevalence of the same. Results A marked shift from the conventional principles of smiles design has been witnessed showing a changing perception of people contrasting to the esthetic norms. Conclusion An equal importance needs to be given to the patient's desire combined with the dentist's knowledge and experience of esthetics to deliver efficient and appreciable esthetic outcomes. How to cite this article Gada SK, Gupta P. Varying Perception of Smile Esthetics-A Deviation from the Norm: A Pictorial Questionnaire-based Survey. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2015;5(3):68-73.
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Kim, Rina. "‘To have been always what I am – and so changed from what I was’: Beckett's Female Subject Formation and the Problem of Becoming." Journal of Beckett Studies 30, no. 1 (2021): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jobs.2021.0328.
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The call for a new notion of personhood that goes beyond one's cognitive functions and a new account of human agency has gained interest with the impact of contemporary research in cognitive science over the last few decades. This paper aims to show that examining Beckett's female subject formation allows us to map out not only our changed perception of self, but also the changing patterns of reception of his works over time in relation to the issue of female agency. While Beckett's male subjects in his early novels are often preoccupied with their own journey to find a solipsistic world in their quest for their authentic self, his drama concerns his characters’ affective experience, namely how they live to go on. This paper, thus, will show that what Beckett perceives as gender difference plays a crucial role in his portrayal of personhood that is closely interconnected with other people and external artefacts, as well as his theatricality as a mode of perception that brackets moments of action and our affective experience of time.
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Demidova, L. Y., N. V. Zobnina, N. V. Dvoryanchikov, G. E. Vvedensky, M. Yu Kamenskov, and D. M. Kuptsova. "Altered Perception of Age in Pedophilia and Pedophilic Disorder." Клиническая и специальная психология 9, no. 1 (2020): 104–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2020090106.
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The article presents data from an empirical study of the features for age perception in pedophilia (ICD-10) / pedophilic disorder (ICD-11). We consider a phenomenon of individuals with pedophilia what often want to be like children or feel themselves like them. An analytical review of the literature on the subjective perception of age and age identity is provided. The question is discussed on how the chronological assessment of the live time is transformed into a subjective assessment of one's own age, as well as the mechanisms underlying such kind of transformation (in particular, successful or unsuccessful experience of socialization). Three groups of individuals are compared: persons accused of sexual crimes with diagnosis of pedophilia (21 examinees), without such a diagnosis (21 examinees) and 45 examinees of the control group. All of them completed the test on “Age Identity”, “Color Test of Affective Tones” and “Coding”. According to the results the actual and ideal self-image in pedophilia is more infantile and similar to the image of a child. Obtained data indicate the immaturity of sexual sphere in examinees with pedophilia, they perceive sexuality in communicative and playing context.
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Gross, M. E., A. P. Smith, Y. M. Graveline, R. E. Beaty, J. W. Schooler, and P. Seli. "Comparing the phenomenological qualities of stimulus-independent thought, stimulus-dependent thought and dreams using experience sampling." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1817 (2020): 20190694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0694.
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Humans spend a considerable portion of their lives engaged in ‘stimulus-independent thoughts' (SIT), or mental activity that occurs independently of input from the immediate external environment. Although such SITs are, by definition, different from thoughts that are driven by stimuli in one's external environment (i.e. stimulus-dependent thoughts; SDTs), at times, the phenomenology of these two types of thought appears to be deceptively similar. But how similar are they? We address this question by comparing the content of two types of SIT (dreaming and waking SITs) with the content of SDTs. In this 7 day, smartphone-based experience-sampling procedure, participants were intermittently probed during the day and night to indicate whether their current thoughts were stimulus dependent or stimulus independent. They then responded to content-based items indexing the qualitative aspects of their experience (e.g. My thoughts were jumping from topic to topic). Results indicate substantial distinctiveness between these three types of thought: significant differences between at least two of the three mental states were found across every measured variable. Implications are discussed. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Offline perception: voluntary and spontaneous perceptual experiences without matching external stimulation’.
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Saniel, Jovy Dia R., Charlotte C. Opeña, Joice Balondo Balondo, Allyza Mariz B. Bunda, and Liezl B. Tambis. "Perception and Prevalence of Bullying Among Junior High School Students of Biliran Province State University." Pediomaternal Nursing Journal 7, no. 1 (2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/pmnj.v7i1.22517.
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Introduction: A school is where a student learns and molds into the desired individual but sometimes, a place where the famous and beautiful are honored and respected while the poor little ones are experience bullying. This study aims to determine the perceptions and prevalence of bullying to design a plan addressing issues on students' predicaments in Biliran Province State University (BiPSU).Methods: The researchers made use of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)-Descriptive Statistics’ frequency, percentile and central tendency, where variables as to profile, perception and prevalence of bullying among secondary students are statistically analyzed.Results: Students' perception of bullying is significant than its prevalence. Students have increased knowledge and awareness of bullying. However, though less notable than the perception, the pervasiveness of bullying is still considerable.Conclusion: The majority of the respondents have not experienced bullying. Students think that bullying at school happens once or twice a term. Student's perception of bullying is more eminent than its prevalence. These pervasion results are meaningful because students' reflection in bullying is distinguished.
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Tan, Heng Kiat Kelvin, Chua Tee Teo, and Chee Shen Ng. "Variation in Students' Conceptions of Self-Assessment and Standards." Education Research International 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/487130.
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This paper reports the results of a phenomenographic study on the different ways that secondary students understood and utilized student self-assessment and how various ego types could affect the accuracy of self-assessment. The study sought to contribute to the growing literature which recognizes the critical role that students play in assessment processes, and in particular the different roles that they assume in student self-assessment. The results of the study provide insights into how different students experience self-assessment by articulating the variation in the perception and purposes of assessing one's own learning. This variation is depicted as a hierarchy of logically related students' conceptions of self-assessment.
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Readman, Megan Rose, Dalton Cooper, and Sally A. Linkenauger. "It’s in your hands: How variable perception affects grasping estimates in virtual reality." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 28, no. 4 (2021): 1202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-021-01916-x.
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AbstractSuccessful interaction within one’s environment is contingent upon one’s ability to accurately perceive the extent over which actions can be performed, referred to as action boundaries. As our possibilities for action are subject to variability, it is necessary for individuals to be able to update their perceived action boundaries to accommodate for variance. While research has shown that individuals can update their action boundaries to accommodate for variability, it is unclear how the perceptual system calibrates to this variance to inform our action boundaries. This study investigated the influence of perceptual motor variability by analysing the effect of random and systematic variability on perceived grasp ability in virtual reality. Participants estimated grasp ability following perceptual-motor experience with a constricted, normal, extended, or variable grasp. In Experiment 1, participants experienced all three grasping abilities (constricted, normal, extended) 33% of the time. In Experiment 2 participants experienced the constricted and normal grasps 25% of the time, and the extended grasp 50% of the time. The results indicated that when perceptual-motor feedback is inconsistent, the perceptual system disregards the frequency of perceptual-motor experience with the different action capabilities and considers each action capability experienced as a type, and subsequently calibrates to the average action boundary experienced by type.
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Forry, Nicole D., Leigh A. Leslie, and Bethany L. Letiecq. "Marital Quality in Interracial Relationships." Journal of Family Issues 28, no. 12 (2007): 1538–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x07304466.
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African American/White interracial couples are a rapidly growing segment of the population. However, little is known about factors related to marital quality for these couples. The authors examine the relationships between sex role ideology, perception of relationship unfairness, and marital quality among a sample of 76 married African American/White interracial couples from the mid-Atlantic region. The results indicate that interracial couples are similar to same-race couples in some ways. In particular, women, regardless of race, report their marriages to be more unfair to them than do men. Unique experiences in interracial marriages based on one's race or race/gender combination are also identified. African Americans experience more ambivalence about their relationship than their White partners. Furthermore, sex role ideology has a moderating effect on perceived unfairness and marital quality for African American men. Similarities and differences among interracial and same-race marriages are discussed, with recommendations for future research.
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Salonen, Pekka, Marja Vauras, and Anastasia Efklides. "Social Interaction - What Can It Tell Us about Metacognition and Coregulation in Learning?" European Psychologist 10, no. 3 (2005): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.10.3.199.
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Abstract. This article brings to the fore the sociocognitive aspect of metacognition and processes involved in coregulation. We argue that coregulation in a learning situation that involves the interaction of teachers and students or peers is based on awareness of the partners' cognition, metacognition, affect, and motivation, as well as interpersonal perception processes and/or interpersonal relational control processes. One aspect of metacognition, particularly relevant to coregulation of learning, is metacognitive experience, i.e., how the interacting partners feel and what they think about the task at hand. Awareness of one's own and the other's cognition and of metacognitive experiences is necessary for metacommunication control processes. Evidence from two independent studies suggests that there can be misperception of the interacting partners' metacognitive experiences because of “theory-driven” conceptions of the other person or lack of metacognitive coregulation because of the prevalence of relational control processes. We suggest that this may lead to scaffolding mismatch in instruction, failure in coregulation, and negative feelings and behaviors of the interacting partners in certain learning situations.
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Miranda, ME. "Effect of Gender, Experience, and Value on Color Perception." Operative Dentistry 37, no. 3 (2012): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/10-057-c.
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SUMMARY Statement of the Problem Precise shade matching can be one of the most difficult tasks for the dentist and some variables may influence the process of shade comparison. Purpose of the Study This study tested the differences in shade perception between genders, the influence of the observer's clinical experience, and the value of ceramics in correct shade selection. Material and Methods A total of 45 women and 54 men compared 16 pairs of ceramic disks according to shades. The χ2 and Fisher exact tests were used to analyze the results, adopting 5% as the level of statistical significance. An analysis of risk was also performed to evaluate the variables. Results The results indicated that there were statistical differences among gender, clinical experience, and shades in discriminating ceramics. Conclusions Men and observers with more clinical experience were more successful in discriminating shades, although darker shades were selected more correctly than the lighter ones.
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Tremblay, Daniel. "L'Influence de l'âgisme sur la prise de décision: la perception des cadres supérieurs." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 14, no. 3 (1995): 464–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800009053.
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ABSTRACTThe aim of this research was to study the relationship between aging and decision-making. Specifically, it deals with managers' views on the hypothetical effects of age and experience on decision behaviour. Do the numerous beliefs and stereotypes related to the supposed effects of aging (i.e. agism) affect the decision-making process and its results? Are younger managers more creative, quicker or more audacious than older managers? Are the experienced managers more skilled, cautious or pragmatic than the less experienced ones? Given the fact that mean age of managers in many contemporary public organizations is rising, further information is needed on how this trend will affect the behaviour and state of mind of public managers who make daily decisions bearing important economic and social consequences. To investigate these questions, interviews were conducted with managers employed by Quebec's public service. These interviews were aimed at collecting data about the way managers themselves perceive the effects of aging on decision behaviour. Results indicated that managers do not readily link age and decision behaviour. However, the relationship between experience and decision behaviour is perceived as comparatively strong. The relevancy of further research on the effects of experience on decision behaviour and, more generally, on the effects of experience on working abilities is discussed.
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Sobkin, V. S., and A. V. Fedotova. "Adolescent Aggression in Social Media: Perception and Personal Experience." Психологическая наука и образование 24, no. 2 (2019): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/pse.2019240201.
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The paper explores the relationship between adolescents’ attitude towards aggressive behaviour in social media and their behavioural patterns. The analysis is based on the data of a survey carried out by the staff of the Centre of Sociology of Education (Institute of Education Management of the Russian Academy of Education).The survey involved 2074 students of 5th, 7th, 9th and 11th grades of schools of the Moscow Oblast. As it was revealed, the number of respondents who ‘don’t like’ watching aggressive scenes decreases from 7th grade to 9th.Active users tend to ‘like’ watching such content. Those adolescents who consider their profiles as ‘provocative’, ‘explicit’ or ‘unconventional’, also enjoy watching aggressive scenes more as compared to ‘ordinary’ users. The adolescents who had experience of being ‘aggressors’ or ‘victims’ are more likely to accept aggression than those who were ‘witnesses’ (p≤0,05 for all comparisons).The data obtained in the research reveal the specifics of male and female subculture in social media; the space of online communication appears to be a special zone in which participants struggle for social status. The data allows us to identify the key factors of adolescents’ attitude towards aggression in online communication: sex, age, intensity of communication, online self-presentation, classroom status, perception of one’s own life prospects.
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Mirošević, Lena, and Josip Faričić. "Percepcija Dalmacije u odabranim stranim leksikografskim djelima." Geoadria 16, no. 1 (2011): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.282.
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The paper discusses the perception of Dalmatia in selected foreign, primarily French, British, Italian, German and American, lexicographic publications. Knowledge related to a specific area can be gained by personal (primary) experience, i.e. one's own experience of space, and by indirect (secondary) experience, i.e. from textual descriptions, graphic and cartographic presentations. Geographic knowledge is a certain type of spatial cognition that contributes to creating one's own mental map of a specific area. Probability of existence of different versions of such a mental map is much higher in case of larger areas that cannot be perceived as a whole, or in case of areas that have been marked by significant changes throughout their historical and geographic development.Indirect experience has a great importance in view of unknown and less known areas, because it is gained by the use of secondary and tertiary sources of geographic information. Among those sources of geographic information are lexicographic publications, such as encyclopedias, lexicons and geographic dictionaries, marked by availability, systematic form and conciseness. The problems that occur when defining spatial extent of Dalmatia in such works derive from the fact that the origins of that Croatian region were not the result of gradual centennial development within one state. Namely, it was a region on the contact of three powerful states (Venetian Republic, Ottoman Empire and Habsburg Monarchy), and its spatial extent differed from the extent of the great Roman province of Dalmatia that stretched from the Adriatic Sea to Posavina, and from the extent of the Byzantine theme that comprised different small and territorially disconnected urban communities on the northeastern Adriatic coast.
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Ebisch, Sjoerd J. H., Francesca Ferri, Anatolia Salone, et al. "Differential Involvement of Somatosensory and Interoceptive Cortices during the Observation of Affective Touch." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 7 (2011): 1808–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21551.
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Previous studies suggested that the observation of other individuals' somatosensory experiences also activates brain circuits processing one's own somatosensory experiences. However, it is unclear whether cortical regions involved with the elementary stages of touch processing are also involved in the automatic coding of the affective consequences of observed touch and to which extent they show overlapping activation for somatosensory experiences of self and others. In order to investigate these issues, in the present fMRI study, healthy participants either experienced touch or watched videos depicting other individuals' inanimate and animate/social touch experiences. Essentially, a distinction can be made between exteroceptive and interoceptive components of touch processing, involved with physical stimulus characteristics and internal feeling states, respectively. Consistent with this distinction, a specific negative modulation was found in the posterior insula by the mere visual perception of other individuals' social or affective cutaneous experiences, compared to neutral inanimate touch. On the other hand, activation in secondary somatosensory and posterior superior temporal regions, strongest for the most intense stimuli, seemed more dependent on the observed physical stimulus characteristics. In contrast to the detected vicarious activation in somatosensory regions, opposite activation patterns for the experience (positive modulation) and observation (negative modulation) of touch suggest that the posterior insula does not reflect a shared representation of self and others' experiences. Embedded in a distributed network of brain regions underpinning a sense of the bodily self, the posterior insula rather appears to differentiate between self and other conditions when affective experiences are implicated.
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Mishra, V. S. "Perceived Risk, Anxiety and Alexithymia in Sisters of Breast Cancer Patients Veena Shukla Mishra and Dhananjaya Saranath." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (2018): 117s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.44900.
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Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Indian women with an annual incidence of 144,937 cases and mortality of 70,218. The perception of cancer risk has consistently been mentioned as major factor influencing the women, who are at increased risk of inherited breast and ovarian cancer. The overestimation of cancer risk has been associated with many negative outcomes like anxiety and distress for one's self and family. Study suggests that women those who have higher perceived breast cancer risk experience greater worry and disengage coping. Aim: The purpose of the study was to examine the perception of risk of breast cancer in sisters of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and further examine the association with anxiety and alexithymia, as compared with healthy controls without a family history of breast cancer. Methods: The participants were requested to complete questionnaires including demographic and risk perception of breast cancer. The association of risk perception was evaluated by using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale and Toronto Alexithymia Scale in sisters of breast cancer patients and healthy controls. Results: Sisters of 111 breast cancer patients and 123 healthy controls completed the questionnaire. Sisters with high perceived risk showed high scores on anxiety and alexithymia scale as compared with healthy control. Regression analysis showed significant association between perceived risk and anxiety (t=2.023, P < .05) and alexithymia factor difficulty in identifying feelings and total alexithymia score (t=6.787, P < .000 and 3.726, P < .000). Conclusion: Sisters of breast cancer patients showed significantly higher perceived risk, anxiety and alexithymia than their healthy counterparts. The sister's perception of breast cancer risk influences the anxiety and emotional experience. Our data emphasizes that medical professional should discuss risk appraisals to anxiety and emotional concerns in both breast cancer patients and their sisters to help them in coping with breast cancer and concerns in the family.
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Riva, Giuseppe. "Virtual Reality and Body Experience: a New Approach to the Treatment of Eating Disorders." International Journal of Virtual Reality 2, no. 2 (1996): 12–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.1996.2.2.2609.
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Eating Disorders, one of the most common pathologies of the occidental society, have long been associated with alterations in the perceptual/cognitive representations of the body. In fact, a large number of studies have highlighted the fact that the perception of one's own body and the experiences associated with it represent one of the key problems of anorexic, bulimic and obese subjects. The effects have a strong influence on therapy effects: severe body representation disturbance is predictive of treatment failure. However, the treatment of body experience problems is not well defined. Two methods are currently in use: the first is a cognitive/behavioral approach aimed at influencing patients' feelings of dissatisfaction; the second is a visual/motorial approach with the aim of influencing the level of bodily awareness. The Virtual Environment for Body Image Modification (VEBIM), a set of tasks aimed at treating body image, tries to integrate these two therapeutic approaches within an immersive virtual environment. This choice not only makes it possible to intervene simultaneously on all of the forms of bodily representations, but it also uses the psycho-physiological effectsprovoked on the body by the virtual experience for therapeutic purposes. This paper describes the VEBIM theoretical approach and its characteristics. It also presents a study on a preliminary sample (60 normal subjects) to test the efficacy of this approach.
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Lee, Yoon Sun. "Vection, Vertigo, and the Historical Novel." Novel 52, no. 2 (2019): 179–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00295132-7546708.
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Abstract Although accounts of the realist novel have not always adequately examined the experience of movement through space, this embodied epistemology is critical to the genre's development. Drawing on the physiology of perception as investigated by Erasmus Darwin and others, Scott makes the realist novel historical through the representation of motion as vertiginous sensation and as a problematic register of experience. The very uncertainty of the sensation of motion evokes history as a horizon rather than as a causal sequence. The term vection came to be used later in the nineteenth century to refer to sensory uncertainty about whether movement in space is one's own or a sensation produced by external objects. For Scott, the related phenomena of vertigo and vection become perceptual metonyms of historical change. In the plot of vection, as opposed to the plot of action, movement cannot always be identified as forward or backward, up or down, as self-motion or as the ambient motion of the world. His novels engage the question of large-scale epochal historical transitions through the micro-level of the sensory experience of movement.
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GOLDSTEEN, KAREN, and CATHERINE E. ROSS. "The Perceived Burden of Children." Journal of Family Issues 10, no. 4 (1989): 504–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251389010004005.
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We expect that mothers vary in the degree to which they perceive their children as burdensome, and that this variation may help explain why past research on the effect of children on mothers' psychological distress often finds insignificant or inconsistent effects: mothers who feel their children are a burden may have high distress levels compared with mothers who do not feel burdened. We find that mothers experience their children as differentially burdensome at different stages in the life cycle: younger mothers' perceived burden increases with each additional child, but older mothers are less affected by increasing numbers of children. Preschool children increase all mothers' perceived burden because they tend to make mothers feel that they cannot be alone when they want to. Employed mothers feel less burdened by their children than the nonemployed. Social context - the density of people in the home, integration into the neighborhood, and the presence of relatives in the area - had a number of unexpected effects. Crowding in the home increased the perception that children are burdensome by way of subjective crowding - the perception that there is too much activity in the home, the perceived inability to be alone, and dissatisfaction with living space. However, controlling for subjective crowding, the more adults in the home, the less the burden of children, presumably because these other adults can help care for the children. Integration into the neighborhood increased the likelihood of sharing child care with friends and neighbors, but this shared child care increased the perception of burden. We had expected the opposite. Possibly it increases perceived burden because it increases the obligation to care for one's neighbors' children in return for their help. Having relatives in the area increased the likelihood that these family members would care for one's children, but this child care had no significant effect on reducing burden. Instead, relatives in the area increased a mother's perception that she could not be alone when she wanted to, which increased burden. Thus, we find a number of costs of social integration for mothers.
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Stanghellini, G. "Discussion." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.813.
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The concept of “dissociation” covers a rather wide array of psychopathological conditions, ranging from dissociation of consciousness (e.g., post-traumatic conditions), to dissociation of personality, (i.e., multiple personality disorder) and dissociation of the basic structures of the pre-reflexive self (as it is the case with schizophrenic abnormal experiences). I will focus on this last issue and describe the dissociation of time experiences in people with schizophrenia as a characterizing feature of this condition.Schizophrenic persons often describe their sense of temporal reality as: “things to a standstill”, “immobility, but not calm”, “time going back to same moment over and over”, “people like statues”, “frozen moment”, “out of time”, “marmoreal”, “unreal stillness”. Time is fragmented, there is a breakdown in time Gestalt, and an itemization of now-moments. The mere succession of conscious moments as such cannot establish the experience of continuity. Another typical phenomenon is that a revelation is on the verge to happen, the world is on the verge of ending, a new world is coming, one's own life is on the point of undergoing a radical change. The schizophrenic mood can be characterized as the dawn of a new reality, an eternally pregnant now in which what is most important is not present, what is really relevant is not already there, but is forever about to happen. Time in the schizophrenic mood is “a state of suspense”, “pregnant now”, “being is hanging”, “something imminent”, “something… I didn’t know what … was going to happen … between inspiration and expiration”. The main feature of abnormal time experience in schizophrenia is disarticulation – a breakdown of the synthesis of past, present and future. This includes four subcategories: disruption of time flowing, “déjà vu/vécu”, premonitions about oneself and the external world. The integrity of time consciousness is the condition of possibility of the identity through time of an object of perception as well as of the person who perceives it. Abnormal time experience may be related to the manifold of other schizophrenic subjective abnormal experiences and symptoms, including anomalies of phenomenal consciousness (e.g., disintegration of the appearance of external objects and itemization of external world experience), selfhood (e.g., disruption of the implicit sense of being a unified, bounded and incarnated entity), and sociality (e.g., breakdown of one's sense of being naturally immersed in a meaningful flow of social interactions with others).Disarticulation of time experience includes four subcategories. Disruption of time flowing: Patients live time as fragmented. Past, present and future are experienced as disarticulated. The intentional unification of consciousness is disrupted. The present moment has no reference to either past or future. The external world appears as a series of snapshots. Déjà vu/vécu: Patients experience places, people and situations as already seen and the news as already heard. This abnormal time experience entails a disarticulation of time structure as the past is no more distinguishable from the present moment. The already-happened prevails. Premonitions about oneself: patients feel that something is going to happen to them or that they are going to do something. This abnormal time experience entails a disarticulation of time structure as the immediate future intrudes into the present moment. The about-to-happen prevails. Premonitions about the external world: patients feel that something is going to happen in the external world. As the previous one, this abnormal time experience entails a disarticulation of time structure as the immediate future intrudes into the present moment. The about-to-happen prevails.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
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Luig, Thea. "The existential imperative in narrating experience." COMPASS 1, no. 1 (2011): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/comp36.
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The idea that the act of narrating one’s experience, in particular reorganizing disruptive experiences into a coherent story, is conducive to well-being has become popular in the social sciences and in therapeutic practice. Ways of remembering and narrating draw on templates of the larger societal, historical, and cultural context and thus situate the memory of one’s particular experience within a collectively shared world. However, other voices argue that the driving force of storytelling is less the need for coherence or continuity, but rather the reconstruction of a sense of agency in intersubjective relationships. This paper will explore the question of what is at stake, what is existentially imperative, in the human practice of narrating experience. Using a phenomenological framework that pays attention to the intersubjective space of perception and experience, I will apply narrative approaches drawing on medical anthropolog y, linguistics, and psychology to my conversations with Mary, a long-time caregiver for chronically ill family members.
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Carter, Michael J., and Sara Bruene. "Examining the Relationship Between Self-Perceptions of Person, Role, and Social Identity Change and Self-Concept Clarity." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 38, no. 4 (2018): 425–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276236618792267.
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Past research in the literature on the self has addressed how self-concept clarity changes over time. In this study, we use a cross-sectional research design to examine the relationship between self-perceptions of identity change and self-concept clarity, showing how fluctuations in self-concept clarity relate to two discrete dimensions of perceived identity change: the magnitude and direction of change. A survey was administered to 854 study participants that measured perceived changes in 12 discrete identities (four person, four role, and four social identities) over a 6-month period. The results reveal that generally the more severe one's perceived experience of identity change, the lower their degree of self-concept clarity. However, when the direction of one's perceived identity change is progressive (i.e., developing into an identity) rather than regressive (i.e., exiting out of an identity), one's degree of self-concept clarity increases.
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González, Marta Royo, Elena Mulet, Vicente Chulvi, and Julia Galán. "Surveying the Perception of the Environmental Advantages of an Adaptable Product." Ingeniería e Investigación 40, no. 1 (2020): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v40n1.76048.
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The aim of adaptable design is to create products that can easily adapt to different needs. The objective if this study is to analyze the effectivenes in communication to promote an adaptable baby stroller, in order to know the user perception of the advantages derived from its adaptability, as well as the environmental ones, and if there is correlation between them. It is also intended to determine whether age or previous experience with this type of product can influence this perception. To this effect, a study with 54 participants has been conducted. Results show that users percieve the advantages and find the adaptable design interesting. Valuation of the advantages of the product is affected by previous user experience with the need for adaptability. Valuation of the environmental benefits is independent from the degree of experiense, as well as from the age of the participants (between 30 and 45 years old).
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Melnychuk, Irina, and Sergiy Melnychuk. "PECULIARITIES OF PERCEPTION OF THE MEANING OF LIFE AT DIFFERENT ONTOGENESIS STAGES." Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science 1, no. 192 (2021): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2021-1-192-111-116.
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The article summarizes scientific approaches to the problem of the meaning of life in different foreign and domestic psychology. The main ways and sources of meaning of a person's life are analyzed. Three groups of meaningful life values are singled out and described, due to which a person can make his life meaningful (values of creativity, values of experience, values of attitude). The basic patterns of the perception of the meaning of life are described during different age stages of personality: teenage, adolescence, adult age, old age. Particular attention was paid to psychological features in the perception of the meaning of life in teenage and adolescence, when there is an active development of self-awareness is taking place. It is the beginning of a conscious sense of being life defined. Socio-psychological factors, that influence the formation of life goals and value orientations of the individual in the process of ontogenesis are determined. There are critical periods in the perception of the meaning of life, namely: the stage of personality formation (teenage and adolescence), the crisis of mid-life and the crisis of old age. The tendencies of increasing and decreasing satisfaction of one's life are singled out and analyzed. The essence of the meaning of life problem of death is outlined.
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Maria, Gomez-Gallego, and Gomez-Garcia Juan. "Negative Bias in the Perception and Memory of Emotional Information in Alzheimer Disease." Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 30, no. 3 (2017): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891988716686833.
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Background: There is some controversy about the ability of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) to experience and remember emotional stimuli. This study aims to assess the emotional experience of patients with AD and the existence of emotional enhancement of memory. We also investigated the influence of affective state on these processes. Methods: Sixty pictures from the International Affective Picture System were administered to 106 participants (72 patients with AD and 54 controls). Participants performed immediate free recall and recognition tasks. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule was used to assess the participants’ current affect. Results: Patients identified the valence of unpleasant pictures better than of others pictures and experienced them as more arousing. Patients and controls recalled and recognized higher number of emotional pictures than of neutral ones. Patients discriminated better the unpleasant pictures. A mood congruent effect was observed on emotional experience but not on memory. Positive affect was associated with better immediate recall and with a more liberal response bias. Conclusion: Patients with AD can identify the emotional content of the stimuli, especially of the unpleasant ones, and the emotional enhancement of memory is preserved. Affective state does not explain the differences in the processing and memory of emotional items between patients and controls.
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Wilhelm, Kay, Bettina Meiser, Philip B. Mitchell, et al. "Issues concerning feedback about genetic testing and risk of depression." British Journal of Psychiatry 194, no. 5 (2009): 404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.047514.
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BackgroundRecent studies show that adverse life events have a significantly greater impact on depression onset for those with the s/s allele of the genotype for the 5-HT gene-linked promoter region. Research in genes related to risk of depression leads to the question of how this information is received by individuals.AimsTo investigate factors related to the response to receiving one's own serotonin transporter genotype results.MethodPredictors of the impact of receiving individual genotype data were assessed in 128 participants in a study of gene–environment interaction in depression onset.ResultsTwo-thirds decided to learn their individual genotype results (receivers) and prior to disclosure this decision was associated with a perception of greater benefit from receipt of the information (P=0.001). Receivers completing the 2-week (n=76) and 3-month follow-up (n=78) generally reported feeling pleased with the information and having had a more positive experience than distress. However, distress was related to genotype, with those with the s/s allele being most affected.ConclusionsThere was high interest in, and satisfaction with, learning about one's serotonin transporter genotype. Participants appeared to understand that the gene conferred susceptibility to depression rather than a direct causal effect.
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Tewari, Shruti, Mukesh Makwana, and Narayanan Srinivasan. "Group congruent labelling leads to subjective expansion of time." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 11 (2020): 201063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201063.
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Given top-down effects on perception, we examined the effect of group identity on time perception. We investigated whether the duration of an ambiguous sound clip is processed differently as a function of group congruent or incongruent source attribution. Group congruent (in-group) and incongruent (out-group) context was created by attributing the source of an identical ambiguous sound clip to Hindu or Muslim festivals. Participants from both the religious groups (Hindus and Muslims) prospectively listened to a 20 s long ambiguous sound clip and reproduced its duration (experiment 1a). Both groups reproduced significantly longer durations when the sound clip was associated with the group congruent compared to the group incongruent festival contexts. The two groups did not differ significantly in reproduced duration when the sound attributed to a non-religious common (busy city street) context (experiment 1b). With multiple durations (1, 5, 10 and 20 s), longer durations were reproduced for group congruent labelling at objectively longer durations (experiment 2). According to the internal clock model of time perception, the significant slope effect indicated that the group congruent context influences temporal experience through changes in pacemaker frequency. We argue that the duration appearing relevant to one's own group is processed differently possibly owing to differences in attentional deployment, which influences the pacemaker frequency.
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Saltapidas, Helen, and Jennie Ponsford. "The Influence of Cultural Background on Experiences and Beliefs about Traumatic Brain Injury and their Association with Outcome." Brain Impairment 9, no. 1 (2008): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/brim.9.1.1.
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AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare beliefs and experiences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in patients with TBI from the dominant English-speaking culture in Australia versus those from minority culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds and examine the relative influence of beliefs, acculturation, along with demographic and injury-related variables on outcome. The primary measures included the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised (IPQ-R), and the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (CHART). Participants were 70 individuals with mild to severe TBI, including 38 of English-speaking background (ESB) and 32 from CALD backgrounds. Although similar to the ESB participants in education, preinjury employment status, injury severity and experience of TBI, the CALD participants differed significantly from ESB participants on acculturation variables. CALD participants also experienced greater negative emotions and were less likely to have internal locus of control causal beliefs than ESB participants. Regression analyses indicated that describing one's value system as other than Australian, poorer understanding of TBI and greater negative emotional reactions, along with fewer years of education were associated with poorer outcomes on the CHART. Thus, in treating patients from different cultural backgrounds it is important for health professionals to understand beliefs about and responses to TBI, as they could potentially impact on coping, emotional adjustment and long-term outcome.
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Abraham, Juneman, and Bagus Takwin. "The Contribution of Self-Involvement and Social Rejection to Social Change Perception." ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal 33, no. 1 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/aipj.v33i1.1437.
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Eibach, Libby, and Gilovich’s (2003) experimental research suggested that people with less self-change awareness will perceive that their social worlds change more than do those who are more aware that they themselves are changing. This present review, based on two other studies, serves as a further research recommendation to expand their thesis. Social cognition experiments conducted by Cloutier and Macrae (2008) as well as by Hess and Pickett (2010) using the social memory paradigm indicated that if a person experiences: (1) personal disengagement (self-univolvement, i.e. his/her experience is chosen by others); and (2) social rejection, then he/she will be less aware of him/herself, and will remember more (or is more aware of) information regarding other people (others > self). Reversely, a person with: (1) self-involvement (i.e. selects his/her own experience); and (2) social acceptance experience, will be more aware of him/herself than of others (self > others) and will perceive the social world to change less. Based on those findings, the authors hypothesize that self-involvement and social rejection–as variables that influence the awareness of self (changes)–influence one’s perception of social changes. Some applications related to colonial mentality, as well as Bitcoin and blockchain technology, are presented as illustrations to elaborate the conjecture.
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Torkashvand, G., L. Stephane, and P. Vink. "Perceived onboard passengers’ experience: Flight attendants’ point of view." Work 68, s1 (2021): S239—S243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-208021.
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BACKGROUND: Cabin research is mostly based on passenger reports. However, it is also important to consider the perceptions of flight attendants as onboard service providers, since they can convey a complementary view shedding light on important aspects related to passenger experience. OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to analyze flight-attendants’ perception regarding passengers’ inflight activities and experience. METHODS: Twenty-eight flight attendants were interviewed on more than twenty-three inflight activities that were extracted from a brainstorming session. A survey was designed based on these activities and was distributed to flight attendants. RESULTS: Overall, flight attendants perceived the activities ‘resting/relaxing’, ‘sleeping’ and ‘using the restroom’ for comfort as the most important activities to passengers, while activities ‘talking to neighbors’ and ‘thinking and observing’ were the least important ones. Interesting was the fact that flight attendants scored satisfaction of some activities higher then passengers. CONCLUSIONS: Flight attendants had a similar idea on importance of activities of passengers, but they valued some activities as more satisfactory.
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Apospori, Eleni, and Geoffrey Alpert. "Research Note: The Role of Differential Experience with the Criminal Justice System in Changes in Perceptions of Severity of Legal Sanctions Over Time." Crime & Delinquency 39, no. 2 (1993): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128793039002004.
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This research tests the hypothesis that experience with legal sanctions raises one's perceptions of severity of punishment. Perceptions were measured among a group of adults after their arrest and the imposition of sanctions. The findings indicate that, overall, respondents raised their perceptions after their encounter with the criminal justice system. Particularly, among those who received more severe sanctions, a significantly higher number raised their perceptions as compared to those who lowered them. Among those who received lighter punishments, no significant difference was found between those who raised and lowered their perceptions. The implications for the deterrence doctrine are discussed.
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Forcucci, Luca. "Proprioception in Visual Mental Imagery of Spaces while Deep Listening." Organised Sound 23, no. 3 (2018): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771818000195.
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This article explores the sense of proprioception within visual mental imagery. The research is based on an experiment named In/Pe (Intention/Perception) developed by the author. The analysis of the data investigates the perception by an audience of architectural spaces, as well as natural environments, in visual mental imageries, emerging from a focused listening process of three fixed-medium pieces, one sound installation and one performance. This highlights the idea of the experience of the artwork as a virtual constructed perception within one’s mind, an embodied experience that triggers the phenomenal world of sensation. The study examines what kind of spaces are visualised by the ‘beholder’. The overall agreement in how participants imagine spaces suggests that the perception is linked to their own bodies.
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Mohebpour, Ida, Stephen Reysen, Shonda Gibson, and LaVelle Hendricks. "Religiosity, religious acceptance, social interaction, and satisfaction with university experience." International Journal of Christianity & Education 21, no. 3 (2017): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056997117725342.
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We tested a mediated moderation model with the interaction of students’ degree of religiosity and perception of the university environment as accepting of one’s religion predicting satisfaction with the university mediated by positive social relations. When the university was perceived as accepting of one’s religion (vs less accepting), greater religiosity predicted more positive relations with other students and greater university satisfaction. The model was supported with social interactions mediating the relationship between the interaction of religiosity and perceived environment and satisfaction with one’s university experience.
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Marta-Simões, J., C. Ferreira, and A. L. Mendes. "Body appreciation: A buffer against the impact of shame on depression." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.725.
Full textAbstract:
Shame is defined as a painful affect, associated with the perception that one's personal characteristics and/or behaviours are seen by others as unattractive. Since it signals the possibility of rejection, high levels of shame associate with high psychological suffering and several psychopathological conditions, namely depression. In contrast, body appreciation is considered a set of attitudes of acceptance and affection towards one's body image, even when one is displeased with certain body characteristics, being therefore a disposition to self-soothing and care. Taking into account the association of body appreciation with healthy mental functioning, this study aimed at exploring the buffering effect of body appreciation against shame's impact on the display of depression symptoms. This hypothesis was tested through path analysis in a community sample of adult men and women. Results revealed body appreciation as a significant moderator of the association between external shame and depressive symptomatology. The tested model explained 45% of the variance of depressive symptomatology. A graphical representation allowed understanding that this moderator effect is particularly expressive in those who experience medium to high levels of shame. In these cases, men and women who present higher body appreciation tend to display fewer depression symptoms. These results seem to emphasize the importance of establishing a positive relationship with one's own body image, which appears to be protective either for men's and women's mental health. Considering its buffering effect of shame's impact on depression, upcoming interventions in this area could benefit from the assessment and cultivation of positive body image.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.