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Mohamad, Hassan S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Estimating the impact of Airbnb on hotels in Toronto." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106792.
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Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2016.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 61-62).<br>The sharing economy is disrupting long-standing industries! This is one of the most common phrases used in discussions about any of the booming internet-based companies offering peer-topeer services. This public perception fed by thousands and thousands of supporting articles and blogs seems intuitively correct. However, the limited number of empirical academic studies published to date, looking only at the direct impacts on the industry under review and ignoring the more holistic indirect economic impacts, have not all reached that same conclusion. In our study we focus on Airbnb, the company that went from renting 3 air beds in a San Francisco apartment in October 2007 to a valuation of $25.5 billion in 2015 surpassing the market cap of the largest global hotel chains that have been around for decades. The purpose of the study is to empirically estimate the impact of Airbnb on hotels in Toronto since majority of the limited academic empirical studies on the topic to date are focused on U.S. cities. Regression analysis of time series is used to estimate the structural models based on hotel performance metrics, GDP, CPI, tourists, currency, and Airbnb data. The three estimated models are: change in real average daily rate, change in hotel rooms available, and change in hotel rooms sold. We project a five-year forecast of Toronto hotels key performance metrics, for the period between January 2016 and December 2020, using the estimated models. The results of the study suggest that Airbnb has a statistically positive impact on the change in number of hotel room nights sold in the overall Toronto market. Taking a closer look into each of the six hotel classes the study hypothesizes that midscale class hotels are the only ones statistically significantly negatively impacted by Airbnb growth. Results also suggest that Airbnb growth has a statistically insignificant impact on the number of luxury, upper upscale, and economy class hotel room nights sold whereas upscale and upper midscale class hotels are positively impacted. We end our study with sensitivity analyses on the forecasts by altering one of the key assumptions at a time and estimating its impact.<br>by Hassan Mohamad.<br>S.M. in Real Estate Development
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Wang, Siyu. "The Impact of Airbnb on the Coachella Valley Hotel Industry." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1610.
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The emergence of the sharing economy has disrupted several industries. Controversies about multi-sided sharing platforms have arisen as incumbent firms assert that the platforms benefit from unfair competition by sidestepping regulations. This paper attempts to quantify the impact of Airbnb, one prominent example of a sharing platform, on the hotel industry in the Coachella Valley. I find that from 2011 to 2016, the increase in Airbnb supply in the Coachella Valley has a negative impact on city-level hotel revenue. For different hotel segments in the Coachella Valley, I do not observe significant differences in the magnitude of impact across the three categories.
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Hazzaa, Lawrence. "The impact of New Collaboration between Airbnb and Danish Tax Authority." Thesis, Jönköping University, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-51700.
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Silva, Eduarda Bastos Rodrigues. "Airbnb em Lisboa : influência da humanização e da personalização na experiência do consumidor do Airbnb e na tangibilização deste serviço." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21105.
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Mestrado em Marketing<br>O presente estudo esta inserido na area do marketing de servicos (alojamento local), nomeadamente no sector do turismo, na plataforma do Airbnb e, tem como limitação geográfica a cidade de Lisboa.
Desta forma, pode-se dizer que o setor do alojamento local se tornou um elemento essencial a industria do turismo lisboeta, nao apenas por oferecer grande parte da demanda cada vez maior por hospedagem, mas tambem por gerar um enorme numero de empregos na área, incentivar parcerias com o comércio local e, consequentemente, ser um importante player para a economia portuguesa.
Esta investigação busca compreender como, através do marketing - notadamente a humanização e a personalizaçã0, pode-se tentar solucionar a questão da intangibilidae dos servicos. O presente estudo limitou-se especificamente a prestação de servicos no contexto do Airbnb, no que diz respeito ao aluguer de casas de férias.
Defronte do exposto, o presente estudo tera como conceitos norteadores da sua análise a intangibilidade, a humanização e a personalização dos servicos.<br>The present study is inserted in the service marketing area (local accommodation), namely in the tourism sector, on the Airbnb platform, and its geographically limited to
Lisbon.
The local accommodation sector has become an essential element in the Lisbon tourism industry, not only because it offers a large part of the increasing demand for accommodation, but also because it generates a huge number of jobs in the area, encourage partnerships with the local coommunity and, consequently, be an important player for the Portuguese economy.
This investigation seeks to understand how , through marketing - notably humanization and personalization, one can try to solve the issue of service intangibility. This study was specifically limited to the provision of services in the context of Airbnb, with regard to the rental of holiday homes.
Therefore, the present stud y will have intangibility, humanization and personalization of services as the guiding concepts of its analysis.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Goree, Katherine. "Battle of the Beds: The Economic Impact of Airbnb on the Hotel Industry in Chicago and San Francisco." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/776.
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The sharing economy is the private redistribution of goods via peer-to-peer sharing. Since internet use has saturated the U.S., the sharing economy has become widely internet-based. Airbnb, a website and app that facilitates the short-term rental of space to stay in another person’s home, has become a major component of the sharing economy.
This study includes an empirical analysis of the hotel occupancy rates in two major markets, San Francisco and Chicago, and how they have or have not changed, from the 2008 launch of Airbnb through the end of 2014. The study hypothesizes that Airbnb has had a statistically significant negative impact on the hotel occupancy rate. The results serve as empirical evidence that Airbnb’s introduction has had an insignificant impact on San Francisco hotel occupancy rates, but may have had a marginally significant negative impact on Chicago hotel occupancy rates. Major reasons why most travelers have not substituted Airbnb for hotel accommodations include the fact that nearly half of those traveling in the United States are traveling for work, Airbnb’s lack of amenities that many business travelers demand, and the absence of an Airbnb loyalty program that is similar to what many hotels have.
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Ebendorf, Brittany. "The impact of visual stimuli on music perception." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/996.
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Segú, Mariona. "Three essays on local housing markets The impact of taxing vacancy on housing markets Do short-term rentalplatforms affect housingmarkets? evidence from airbnb in barcelona." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASI001.
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Cette thèse étudie les marchés du logement en France et en Espagne et leur interaction avec différents phénomènes. Le chapitre 1 évalue l'impact théorique et empirique d'une taxe sur les logements vacants. J'exploite la variation quasi-expérimentale occasionnée par l'instauration d’une taxe sur les logements vacants en France pour identifier son effet causal sur les taux de vacance via une approche par les doubles différences, combinée avec un appariement sur les scores de propension. Je constate que la taxe a réduit les taux de vacance de 13 %, entraîné la remise sur le marché locatif de résidences principales et réduit l’inoccupation de long terme. Le chapitre 2 étudie l’impact d'Airbnb sur le marché du logement de Barcelone. Nous exploitons la date d’apparition d'Airbnb et la géographie des offres pour estimer l’effet causal d’Airbnb sur les loyers et les prix immobiliers à Barcelone. La stratégie empirique combine des modèles de panel à effets fixes avec des tendances temporelles spécifiques à chaque quartier, une variable instrumentale de type « shift-share », et un « event-study ». Nos résultats indiquent qu’Airbnb a occasionné une hausse des loyers de 1,9%, et une hausse des prix immobiliers de 3,7-5,3%. Le chapitre 3 évalue l’impact du transport aérien sur les marchés du logement en France. Nous exploitons la variation exogène du trafic engendrée par la libéralisation du marché européen de l'aviation sur les petits et grands aéroports français pour estimer l’effet du transport aérien sur les prix immobiliers des communes situées au voisinage des aéroports. Nos résultats indiquent un effet inflationniste significatif, bien que relativement modeste du trafic, tiré par la fréquence des vols, l’arrivée de compagnies low-cost, ainsi que l’achat de résidences secondaires par des visiteurs étrangers ou des seniors<br>This thesis studies housing markets in France and Spain and their interaction with different phenomena. Chapter 1 assesses, both theoretically and empirically, the impact of a tax on vacant housing. I exploit the quasi-experimental variation provided by the French policy to causally identify the impact of a tax on vacancy rates in a difference-in-differences setting. I combine this strategy with a propensity score matching and I find that the tax reduced vacancy rates by 13%. The tax is responsible for the reintroduction of primary residences in the rental market and the reduction of long-term vacancy. Chapter 2 looks at the effects of Airbnb penetration in Barcelona’s housing market. We use several econometric approaches that exploit the exact timing and geography of Airbnb activity in the city. These include the use of neighborhood-specific trends, an instrumental shift-share strategy, and an event study. Our results imply that rents have increased by 1.9%, while transaction (posted) prices have increased by 5.3% (3.7%). The estimated impact in neighborhoods with high Airbnb activity is substantial. Chapter 3 investigates whether air traffic exerts a pro-inflationary effect on housing markets. We exploit the variation in air traffic between small and large French airports caused by the liberalization of the European aviation market in the 1990s to evaluate the air transport impact on housing prices in French municipalities. Our results show a small but significant inflationary effect of air traffic, which is essentially due to the higher frequency of flights, the arrival of low-cost airlines, and the buying strategy of international and senior visitors
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Field, Ben. "The impact of visual stimuli on music perception." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1015.
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Warburton, Rebekkah Boyd. "The Impact of Sports Fanship on Person Perception." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32855.
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Do young people use expressed sports preferences to form impressions of others? Concentrating on previous research involving the framework of impression formation theory, this study was designed to explore the impact of expressed sports preferences on perceptions of peers. Respondents (n=332) were presented with a questionnaire depicting male and female peers in various sports tee-shirts to examine how well young people can judge others on the basis of very limited information. The findings reveal that the perceptions formed of peers are often mediated by the specific sport preference expressed by the target person. This study suggests that young people do make quick judgments of others based on sports preferences. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.<br>Master of Arts
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Patritti, Benjamin Lorenzo. "Perception of impact loading severity of the lower limbs." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402951.
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Pfeiffer, Johann C. "Crossmodal flavour perception : the impact of taste on aroma." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417965.
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Gerstenberg, Tina. "Tree parameters’ impact on visual perception, preference, and recreation." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-227721.
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There is a large body of empirical evidence that nature delivers benefits to people. In the face of progressive urbanisation, urban nature and its design are becoming increasingly important. At the same time, climate change endangers biological diversity and consequently ecosystem functioning. Thus, for urban landscape planners who consider both ecosystem health and residential well-being, it is attractive to simultaneously increase plant diversity and the recreational value of urban nature. The present dissertation investigates the role of tree parameters for perception, preference, and recreation and elucidates how findings can contribute to human and ecosystem health in cities. In a first study, the following tree parameters were identified to be relevant to perception: Conifers versus deciduous trees, crown height to crown width ratio, crown size to trunk height ratio, and crown density. These results add to previous studies, as they are based on more realistic-looking images. Furthermore, the parameters are metric, were generated by study participants and represent a hierarchy. Two further studies demonstrated that the greater the crown relative to trunk height, the more pleasant and the more beautiful a tree is perceived and the denser a crown, the heavier and the more rugged a tree is perceived. Both parameters predict tree preference. This is consistent with theories and previous findings on landscape perception and adds more precise parameters for tree preference prediction to the literature. A fourth study revealed no effects of tree characteristics’ diversity in urban green spaces on how fascinating and coherent they are perceived. This suggests that species diversity in green spaces can be increased without reducing restorativeness. The identified tree parameters can be used to select various, similar-looking species to increase both human well-being and ecosystem health. Furthermore, the knowledge on the tree parameters’ semantic meaning can facilitate expert-lay communication. The preferred tree characteristics can be used to increase residential satisfaction. Finally, tree species diversity in urban green spaces can be increased without mitigating the recreational value<br>Die positiven Wirkungen von Natur auf den Menschen sind empirisch gut belegt. Angesichts steigender Urbanisierung wird Stadtnatur und ihre Gestaltung wichtiger. Gleichzeitig stellt der Klimawandel eine Bedrohung der biologischen Vielfalt und somit der ökosystemaren Funktionalität dar. Für urbane Landschaftsplanung, welche sowohl die ökosystemare Gesundheit als auch das Wohlbefinden der Stadtbewohner berücksichtigt, ist es daher attraktiv, zugleich die Pflanzenvielfalt und den Erholungswert von Stadtnatur zu erhöhen. Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht die Rolle von Baumparametern bei der Wahrnehmung, Präferenz und Erholungswirksamkeit und erläutert, wie die Ergebnisse zur Gesundheit von Mensch und Natur in Städten beitragen können. In einer ersten Studie wurden die folgenden Baumparameter als wahrnehmungsrelevant identifiziert: Nadelbäume versus Laubbäume, Verhältnis von Kronenhöhe zu Kronenbreite, Verhältnis von Kronengröße zu Stammlänge und Kronendichte. Diese Ergebnisse ergänzen bisherige Literatur, da sie auf realistischer aussehenden Bildern basieren. Zudem sind die Parameter metrisch, wurden von Probanden generiert und bilden eine Hierarchie ab. Zwei weitere Studien zeigten, dass je größer die Krone im Verhältnis zur Stammlänge desto angenehmer und schöner wird ein Baum wahrgenommen und je dichter die Krone desto schwerer und robuster wird ein Baum empfunden. Beide Parameter sagen die Baumpräferenz vorher. Dies stimmt mit Theorien und bisherigen Studien zur Landschaftswahrnehmung überein und ergänzt die Forschung um präzisere Parameter zur Vorhersage von Baumpräferenz. Eine vierte Studie ergab, dass sich die Vielfalt an Baumeigenschaften in städtischen Grünräumen nicht darauf auswirkt, wie faszinierend und kohärent sie wahrgenommen werden. Dies legt nahe, dass die Artenvielfalt in Grünräumen erhöht werden kann ohne die Erholungswirkung negativ zu beeinflussen. Die Baumparameter können dazu verwendet werden, verschiedene, ähnlich aussehende Arten zur Pflanzung auszuwählen, um das menschliche Wohlbefinden sowie die ökosystemare Gesundheit zu erhöhen. Des Weiteren kann das Wissen um die semantischen Bedeutungen der Baumparameter die Experten-Laien-Kommunikation erleichtern. Beliebte Baummerkmale können dazu herangezogen werden, die Zufriedenheit von Stadtbewohnern zu erhöhen. Schließlich kann die Baumartenvielfalt in städtischen Grünräumen erhöht werden ohne den Erholungswert zu mindern
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Tao, Lan. "Impact of blackness preference and perception on product design." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5498/.
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This study investigates our perception of, and preference for, blackness and specifically explores the influence of different cultural backgrounds (notably nationality and gender). Despite black being an important colour it has been studied relatively little compared with, for example, whiteness. Two major questions were considered: whether observers prefer one black to another (blackness preference); and whether observers consider one black sample to be blacker than another (blackness perception). Psychophysical experiments were carried out using paired comparison and ranking methods for male and female observers from UK and China. Blackness perception was found to be invariant to the cultural background of the observer. Whereas the cultural effect was found for the blackness preference results. Male observers preferred darker blacks with a greenish-blue hue whereas female observers preferred lighter blacks with a reddish-blue hue. Differences between the nationality groups were a little less pronounced but Chinese observers (like females) preferred lighter reddish-blue blacks whereas UK observers (like males) preferred darker greenish-blue blacks. These results are potentially very valuable to designers who may wish to select a black for a product that will be most preferred. This work suggests that different blacks may be optimal for products intended for a mainly male or female audience. However, to what extent can the results from a psychophysical study carried out using abstract coloured squares displayed on a computer be extended to the very practical problem of product design where context may be powerful? This is the third question that was addressed in this thesis. An iPhone product was simulated on-screen using 3-D software and where the colour was varied. Observers were again asked about their blackness preference and perception. The results from the simulation study were almost entirely consistent with those from the earlier work which suggests that the findings from this thesis might have wide applicability to design.
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Clark, Rebecca A. "Multimodal flavour perception : the impact of sweetness, bitterness, alcohol content and carbonation level on flavour perception." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13432/.
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Flavour perception of food and beverages is a complex multisensory experience involving the gustatory, olfactory, trigeminal, auditory and visual senses. Thus, investigations into multimodal flavour perception require a multidisciplinary design of experiments approach. This research has focussed on beer flavour perception and the fundamental interactions between the main flavour components - sweetness, bitterness (from hop acids), alcohol content and carbonation level. A model beer was developed using representative ingredients which could be manipulated to systematically vary the concentration of the main flavour components in beer and was used in the following experiments. Using a full factorial design, the physical effect of ethanol, C02 and hop acid addition was determined by headspace analysis and in-nose expired breath (in-vivo) measurements. Results from headspace and in-vivo methods differed and highlighted the importance of in-vivo measures when correlating to sensory experience. Ethanol and C02 significantly increased volatile partitioning during model beverage consumption. The effects of ethanol and C02 appeared to be independent and therefore additive, which could account for up to 86% increase in volatile partitioning. This would increase volatile delivery to the olfactory bulb and thus potentially enhance aroma and flavour perception. This was investigated using quantitative descriptive analysis. Results showed that C02 significantly impacted all discriminating attributes, either directly or as a result of complex interactions with other design factors. C02 suppressed the sweetness of dextrose and interacted with hop acids to modify bitterness and tingly perception. Ethanol was the main driver of complexity of flavour and enhanced sweet perception. In a first study of its kind, the impact of C02 on gustatory perception was further investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to understand cortical response. In addition, classification of subjects into PROP taster status groups and thermal taster status groups was carried out. Groups were tested for their sensitivity to oral stimuli using sensory techniques and for the first time, cortical response to taste and C02 was investigated between groups using fMRI techniques and behavioural data. There was no correlation between PROP taster status and thermal taster status. PROP taster status groups varied in their cortical response to stimuli with PROP super-tasters showing significantly higher cortical activation to samples than PROP non-tasters. The mechanism for thermal taster status is not currently known but thermal tasters were found to have higher cortical activation in response to the samples. The difference in cortical activation between thermal taster groups was supported by behavioural data as thermal tasters least preferred, but were more able to discriminate the high C02 sample than thermal non-tasters. This research has provided in-depth study into the importance of flavour components in beer. It advances the limited data available on the effects of C02 on sensory perception in a carbonated beverage, providing sound data for the successful development of products with reduced ethanol or C02 levels. The use of functional magnetic resonance imaging has revealed for the first time that oral C02 significantly increases activation in the somatosensory cortex. However, C02 seemed to have a limited impact on activation strength in 'taste' areas, such as the anterior insula. Research comparing data from PROP taster status groups and thermal taster status groups has given insight into the possible mechanisms accounting for differences in oral intensity of stimuli.
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Banakou, Domna. "The Impact of Virtual Embodiment on Perception, Attitudes, and Behaviour." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461704.
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Over the past two decades extensive research in experimental psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and virtual reality has provided evidence for the malleability of our brain's body representation. It has been shown that a person's body can be substituted by a life-sized artificial one, resulting in a perceptual illusion of body ownership over the fake body. Interestingly, several studies have shown that when people are virtually represented with a body different to their own, they exhibit behaviours associated with attributes pertaining to that body.
In the research described here we exploited Immersive Virtual Reality to induce body ownership illusions over distinct virtual bodies. We examined how an altered self-representation can influence one's self-perception, perception of the environment, and implicit biases. To this end, we carried out two experimental studies to investigate embodiment of adults in a child virtual body, and a different race virtual body. Moreover, we tested whether it is possible to induce illusory agency over specific actions that are not carried out by the participants themselves.
In the Virtual Child Body study, we embodied adults both as a 4-year-old child, and as an adult scaled-down to the same height as the child. The results showed that embodiment in the child body led to a significant overestimation of object sizes, which was approximately double the overestimation of those embodied in the adult body. Moreover, embodiment in the child resulted in changes in implicit attitudes about the self towards being child-like. These findings were diminished under asynchronous visuomotor correlations, providing further proof for the importance of visuomotor contingencies in producing body ownership illusions. Our findings extend and enrich previous research, yielding additional evidence of the malleability of our body representation.
In the Racial Bias study, we aimed to explore how the type of body can influence racial discrimination, by embodying white people in a black virtual body. Previous research has shown that this type of embodiment can lead to a reduction of implicit racial bias, but its long-term effects were unknown. Here we tested whether this reduction in implicit bias can (a) be replicated, (b) it can last for at least one week, and (c) it is enhanced by multiple exposures. Participants were immersed in a virtual scenario between one and three times, each separated by two days, and implicit bias was measured one week before their first exposure, and one week after their last. The results showed that implicit bias decreased more for those with the black virtual body than the white, even a week after their virtual exposure, and irrespective of the number of exposures.
In the Illusory Speaking study, we explored the possibility of inducing illusory agency over an action that participants did not carry out themselves. We describe a set of experiments, where under appropriate sensorimotor contingencies, we induce a subjective illusion of agency over the participants' speaking virtual body, as if they had been themselves speaking. When participants were asked to speak after this exposure, they shifted the fundamental frequency of their utterances towards that of the stimulus voice of the virtual body. We argue that these findings can be reconciled with current theories of agency, provided that the critical role of both ownership and actual agency over the virtual body are taken into account.
Overall, our studies expand previous evidence for the malleability of our body representation, demonstrating how it is possible to induce ownership illusions over a child body, a different race body, or even a speaking body. Notably, we provide evidence of how body ownership and agency over the virtual body result in powerful, lasting changes in perceptual and cognitive processing, having the potential of compelling applications in psychology and neuroscience.<br>Durante las dos últimas décadas se ha llevado a cabo una amplia investigación que ha permitido descubrir la maleabilidad de la nuestra representación corporal. Se ha demostrado que nuestro cuerpo puede ser sustituido por uno artificial de tamaño real, dando lugar a una ilusión perceptual de posesión de un cuerpo falso (Body Ownership). En la investigación descrita en esta tesis hemos empleado Realidad Virtual Inmersiva con el fin de inducir ilusiones de Body Ownership sobre cuerpos muy diversos.
En el estudio del Nino Virtual, ponemos adultos en el cuerpo de un niño, o bien en el de un adulto re-escalado para tener la misma altura que el niño. Los resultados evidencian que la ilusión en el cuerpo del niño conllevó una sobreestimación significativa del tamaño de objetos, la cual era aproximadamente el doble de la estimación dada en el caso del cuerpo del adulto. Además, en el caso del niño virtual la ilusión dio lugar a cambios en la actitud implícita propia hacia un carácter más infantil.
En el estudio de la Discriminación Racial, exploramos el modo en que el tipo de cuerpo puede influir en la discriminación racial, poniendo a gente de piel de color blanca en un cuerpo de piel de color negra. En estudios anteriores se ha demostrado que este tipo de ilusión corporal puede conllevar una reducción del sesgo racial implícito. Aquí evaluamos si tal reducción en el sesgo implícito puede a) ser replicada, b) puede durar al menos una semana, y c) se ve incrementada después de múltiples exposiciones. Los resultados muestran que el sesgo implícito disminuyó más en el caso de aquellos participantes que tengan el cuerpo virtual de piel negra incluso una semana después de la exposición virtual.
En el estudio de la Ilusión de Hablar exploramos la posibilidad de inducir en los participantes una ilusión de agencia sobre una acción que ellos no llevaron a cabo. Describimos una serie de experimentos donde logramos una ilusión subjetiva de agencia sobre el habla del cuerpo virtual del participante, tal y como si ellos hubieran estado hablando. Cuando pedimos a los participantes que hablaran después de la exposición, modularon la frecuencia fundamental de su tono de voz en la dirección de la voz del cuerpo virtual.
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Baccus, Rodney. "Impact of Nursing Certification on Patient Perception, Satisfaction, and Outcomes." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4419.
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Increased responsibilities for patient care within the nursing profession leads one to examine the correlation between nursing care and patient satisfaction. Current evidence indicates that higher levels of nursing education are associated with better patient outcomes. The literature further demonstrates that increased expertise and certification within a nursing specialty leads to increased nursing empowerment, improved intrinsic value and better collaborative relationships. However, the relationship between certification status and patient satisfaction remain unclear. This systematic review sought to understand the relationship between nursing certification and patient satisfaction. Guided by Rogers' diffusion of innovation theory this project examined the peer-reviewed literature using the databases PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane Reviews. Keywords used were patient satisfaction, nursing certification and patient perception of certification. The Cochrane methodology and Melnyk's levels of evidence were used to analyze the articles identified. Articles published prior to 2002 were excluded from the review as were those not in English; 17 articles were included in the review. Ten articles met Melnyk's criteria for Evidence Levels V-VII, 6 met the criteria for Levels III-IV, 1 was Level II. The analysis of evidence supported a positive relationship between nurse certification, patient satisfaction and patient outcomes. This project is important for nurses who are considering certification and those who seek to improve patient satisfaction. The information discovered is hoped to impact social change by providing a better understanding of the relationship between certification and improved patient satisfaction.
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Haddad, Lilas. "Impact of multiple affordances on object perception in natural scenes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSHS/2023/2023ULILH060.pdf.
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La perception d'objet et la perception d'action sont étroitement liées. La perception visuelle des objets amène à la perception des composants d'actions évoqués par ces objets : les micro-affordances. De nombreuses preuves ont souligné l'existence de ces affordances, correspondant à l'évocation de saisies de différentes mains (main gauche/droite), de saisies de différentes tailles (main entière/pince fine) ou d'orientations de poignet différentes (saisie verticale/horizontale). Cependant, les scènes naturelles sont rarement composées d'un seul mais de plusieurs objets pouvant évoquer multiples affordances. Ces affordances multiples pourraient avoir un impact sur le traitement perceptif des objets. De plus, les objets présentés dans une même scène sont généralement liés sémantiquement, car faisant partie du même contexte. Les relations sémantiques entre les objets pourraient alors moduler la façon dont nous percevons les objets et leurs affordances. Les relations thématiques entre objets (clé-cadenas) sont particulièrement intéressantes car elles partagent des mécanismes neurocognitifs avec la représentation des gestes d'utilisation d'objet. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier les conséquences de l'évocation de multiples affordances sur le traitement perceptif et la sélection d'un objet donné dans des scènes naturelles. Nous avons évalué l'impact de la similarité des affordances sur la sélection d'objets et la façon dont les relations thématiques entre objets modulent le traitement perceptif de ceux-ci. Dans une première étude comportementale en ligne utilisant un paradigme de compatibilité stimulus-réponse, nous avons mis en évidence un coût de traitement lorsque des paires d'objets non-reliées et orientées pour une saisie main gauche/droite évoquaient des affordances similaires. La similarité des affordances ralentissait la sélection de la cible. En outre, le coût engendré par des affordances de saisie mains gauche/droite était limité aux situations pertinentes pour l'action, pour des réponses utilisant la main dominante et lorsque la réponse était compatible avec l'affordance évoqué par l'objet cible. Lors d'une deuxième expérience comportementale en laboratoire utilisant un paradigme similaire dans un environnement 3D, nous avons pu étendre ces premiers résultats aux affordances de tailles de saisies. Nous avons démontré un coût de traitement perceptif lorsque des paires d'objets évoquaient des affordances de taille de saisie similaires. En outre, nous avons mis en évidence une suppression du coût des affordances similaires sur la sélection de la cible lorsque les objets étaient thématiquement liés. Dans une troisième étude neurophysiologique utilisant l'électroencéphalographie, nous avons évalué les corrélats du coût entraîné par les affordances similaires sur la désynchronisation du rythme µ, reflétant l'activité du réseau neuronal moteur au cours de la perception. Les résultats ont révélé que pendant la sélection de la cible, la désynchronisation μ était réduite lorsque les affordances étaient similaires plutôt que dissimilaires. Cet effet disparaissait lorsque les objets étaient thématiquement liés. Dans l'ensemble, les preuves comportementales et neurophysiologiques soutiennent le modèle d'inhibition des affordances de Vainio et Ellis (2020) et Caligiore et al. (2013). Suivant l'hypothèse d'inhibition, un observateur doit inhiber les objets distracteurs pour sélectionner l'objet cible. Lorsque les objets évoquent des affordances similaires, l'inhibition de l'objet distracteur et de ses affordances conduit à l'inhibition automatique de l'affordance de la cible, ralentissant son traitement. Cette thèse fournit de nouvelles preuves comportementales et neuronales en faveur du modèle d'inhibition des affordances et de la sélection d'objets en situation naturelles. En outre, il démontre pour la première fois le rôle des relations sémantiques dans la régulation de l'inhibition des affordances dans des scènes naturelles<br>Object perception and action perception are closely interrelated. Perceiving visual objects also leads to the perception of various grasping components evoked by the objects, known as micro-affordances. We have numerous pieces of evidence that a single object may evoke micro-affordances such as a right- or left-hand grasp depending on object handle orientation or a power or precision grip depending on object size. However, natural scenes are usually composed of several objects evoking multiple affordances that may impact object perceptual processing. Moreover, objects presented in a common scene are usually semantically related, as they are part of the same context. The semantic relations between objects may then modulate how one perceives objects and their affordances. In this view, thematic relations between objects (e.g., key-lock) are particularly interesting as they share cognitive and neural substrates with use gesture knowledge. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the consequences of the evocation of multiple affordances on the perception and selection of a given object in naturalistic scenes. We investigated how the similarity of affordances would impact object selection and how thematic relations between objects would modulate object perceptual processing. In a first online behavioral study using a stimulus and response compatibility paradigm, we highlighted a processing cost when pairs of unrelated objects had similar right- or left-hand grasp affordances, with the similarity of affordances slowing down target selection. Furthermore, the cost entailed by similar handle affordances was restricted to action relevant situations, when responding with the dominant hand and when the response was compatible with the affordance of the target. In a second behavioral experiment using the stimulus and response compatibility paradigm in a 3D environment, we were able to extend these first findings to other types of micro-affordances (grasp size affordances). Again, we demonstrated a perceptual processing cost when pairs of objects had similar grasp size affordances. Furthermore, we highlighted a suppression of the cost entailed by similar affordances on target selection when objects were thematically related. In a third neurophysiological study using electroencephalography, we evaluated the correlates of the cost entailed by similar affordances on µ rhythm desynchronization, which is assumed to reflect the activity of the motor neural network during perception. Results revealed that during target selection, μ desynchronization was reduced when affordances were similar in comparison to dissimilar. This effect disappeared when objects were thematically related. Overall, behavioral and neurophysiological evidence support the model of affordance inhibition proposed by Vainio and Ellis (2020) and Caligiore et al. (2013). According to the inhibition hypothesis, the observer needs to inhibit distractor objects to select the target object. When the different objects in the scene have similar affordances, inhibition of the distractor object and its affordances leads to the automatic inhibition of the target affordance, which slows down target processing. The present work provides behavioral and neural evidence in favor of the inhibition model of affordance and object selection in more naturalistic scenes involving familiar meaningful objects. In addition, it first demonstrates the role of semantic relations in the regulation of affordance inhibition in naturalistic scenes
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Bonnet, Pierre. "Impact of temporal statistics on the processing of auditory stimuli." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10246.
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Les régularités temporelles du contexte sont connues pour affecter la perception d'un prochain événement sensoriel. Par exemple, lorsque nous écoutons un métronome, nous pouvons facilement anticiper quand le prochain son se produira, ce qui améliore notre capacité à détecter des changements acoustiques subtils. Cependant, l’impact de la variabilité temporelle sur les mécanismes de prédiction reste mal compris. Cette question est cruciale car, d'un point de vue écologique, dans la musique et la parole en particulier, les événements sensoriels suivent plutôt des motifs réguliers mais dans lesquels peuvent également se produire une certaine variabilité temporelle. Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié l'impact de la variabilité temporelle des séquences sonores sur la perception auditive, les réponses neuronales associées et leur impact potentiel sur le traitement du langage. Dans une première étude comportementale, nous avons réalisé une expérience dans laquelle les volontaires ont écouté différentes séquences sonores où l'intervalle temporel entre chaque son était tiré de distributions gaussiennes avec des écarts-types distincts. Nous avons établi que les prédictions temporelles dans des contextes probabilistes sont possibles et qu'elles diminuent progressivement à mesure que la variabilité temporelle du contexte augmente. Dans une seconde étude EEG, nous montrons que la variabilité temporelle du contexte influence la réponse évoquée aux sons. En effet, dans des séquences sonores plus régulières, la réponse aux sons cible présente une activité évoquée précoce, une amplitude MMN plus élevées, et une réponse P300 plus importante. Les résultats confirment les théories actuelles liant la dynamique d'entraînement neuronal aux mécanismes de prédiction temporelle : les périodes où l'entraînement neuronal était élevé étaient associées à une discrimination plus rapide des sons cibles. Enfin, dans la troisième partie de cette thèse, nous avons montré un déficit des mécanismes de prédiction temporelle dans la dyslexie. En utilisant le même paradigme que dans le premier chapitre expérimental, nous avons montré que les volontaires dyslexiques ont significativement plus de difficultés que des volontaires témoins appariés à discriminer des sons dans des séquences temporelles régulières. Dans l'ensemble, cette thèse fournit des informations sur les mécanismes de prédiction temporelle dans des contextes probabilistes et discute de leur impact potentiel sur le traitement du langage<br>The temporal regularities in the sensory context are known to affect the perception of an upcoming sensory event. For instance, when listening to a metronome, we can readily predict when the next sound will occur, which enhances our ability to detect subtle acoustic changes due to this anticipation. However, how the temporal variability can impact temporal prediction mechanisms remain poorly understood. This question is crucial because, from a naturalistic point of view, in music and speech in particular, sensory events rather follow patterns of temporal regularity and thus may also occur with a certain amount of temporal variability. In this thesis, we investigated how temporal variability of sound sequences impacts auditory perception, associated neural responses, and their potential impact on language processing. In a first behavioral study, we used an auditory oddball experiment in which participants listened to different sound sequences where the temporal interval between each sound was drawn from gaussian distributions with distinct standard deviations. We established that temporal predictions in probabilistic contexts are still possible and progressively declined as the temporal variability in the context increase. In a second EEG study, we show that temporal variability in context influences the evoked response to sounds as more regular sound sequence showed stronger ramping activity post-target onset, higher MMN amplitude and increased P300 response. The results further support current theories linking observed neural entrainment dynamics to temporal predictions mechanisms: periods where neural entrainment was high was associated with faster target sounds discrimination. Finally, in the third part of this thesis we showed a deficit in temporal prediction mechanisms in dyslexia. Using the same paradigm as in the first experimental chapter, dyslexic participants had significantly more difficulty discriminating sounds in regular temporal sequences than matched controls. Overall, this thesis provides insights into temporal predictions mechanisms in probabilistic contexts and discusses their potential impact in auditory language processing
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Scott, Randall Paul Evanson Robert Kent. "Cuba constructed the impact of perception on foreign policy decision-making /." Diss., UMK access, 2004.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Political Science and Dept. of History. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2004.<br>"A dissertation in political science and history." Advisor: Robert Evanson. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Feb. 28, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 236-252). Online version of the print edition.
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Kennedy, Fiona. "The psychosocial impact and perception of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522549.
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Cho, Kam-fung, and 曹金鳳. "The impact of parental divorce on adolescents' perception of heterosexual relationship." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978046.
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Coelho, Joana Filipa Pereira. "The impact of luxury perception on affective attitude and purchase intention." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20655.
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Mestrado em Marketing<br>O mercado de luxo está constantemente mais competitivo, e devido ao seu crescimento proeminente, é fundamental perceber o que realmente importa para os consumidores de luxo, o que os faz sentirem-se atraídos pelas marcas e o que os faz desejar as marcas de luxo.
Deste modo, esta dissertação pretende estudar as perceções com orientações pessoais e não pessoais que terão impacto na atitude afetiva dos consumidores, bem como na intenção de compra dos mesmos perante as marcas de luxo. O estudo empírico tem como base uma abordagem quantitativa, utilizando um questionário publicado através de redes sociais, que contou com 238 respostas. Para análise de resultados conseguidos e de modo a testar a relação existente entre as dimensões propostas, foram conduzidas duas regressões lineares múltiplas e uma regressão linear simples.<br>The luxury market is each time more competitive, and due to its prominent growth, it is important to understand what really matters to the luxury consumers, what makes him feel attracted by brand and what makes desire high-end brands.
In accordance, this dissertation aims to test the personal and non-personal orientations that have an impact on consumers' affective attitude and purchase intention towards a luxury brand. The empirical research was based on quantitative approach using a questionnaire published on social media and accounted with 238 responses. To analyse the results and to test the existence of the relationships between the proposed dimensions two multiple regressions a simple linear regression were conducted.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Kotynski, Anne Elizabeth. "The Impact of Global Versus Local Visual Attention on Auditory Perception." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1565380220244836.
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Cho, Kam-fung. "The impact of parental divorce on adolescents' perception of heterosexual relationship." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1947054X.
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Blake, Andrew. "The impact of graphical choices on the perception of Euler diagrams." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2016. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/a67b98d4-39f0-4af3-9e67-1aef59b09176.
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The aim of this research is to provide guidance for drawing Euler diagrams. People draw Euler diagrams to visualise information about sets using closed curves, illustrat- ing how they intersect and whether they are disjoint or in a subset relationship. As a widespread and popular visualisation technique, considerable research efort has been devoted to the problem of automatically drawing Euler diagrams. To draw efective Euler diagrams, however, insight is needed into the layout choices being made and their impact on user comprehension. Through surveying the literature we established five guides spanning three categories of layout choice: descriptional, topological and graph- ical. The literature accords robust layout guides for both the descriptional and topo- logical choices. However, the literature yields limited guidance regarding the numerous graphical choices that have to be made such as the shape and colour of curves. This lack of guidance is perhaps surprising given it is well documented by information visu- alisation theorists that people are visually sensitive to graphical choices. Importantly, such theory tells us that graphical choices can significantly impact the comprehension of diagrams.
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Kirby, Benjamin James. "The impact of frequency compression on cortical evoked potentials and perception." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4663.
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Nonlinear frequency compression is a signal processing technique used to increase the audibility of high frequency speech sounds for hearing aid users with sloping, high frequency hearing loss. However, excessive compression ratios may reduce spectral contrast between sounds and negatively impact speech perception. This is of particular concern in infants and young children, who may not be able to provide feedback about frequency compression settings. This study explores use of an objective cortical auditory evoked potential that is sensitive to changes in spectral contrast, the auditory change complex (ACC), in the verification of frequency compression parameters.
We recorded ACC responses in adult listeners to a spectral ripple contrast stimulus processed with a range of frequency compression ratios (1:1 to 4:1). Vowel identification, consonant identification, speech recognition in noise (QuickSIN), and behavioral ripple discrimination thresholds were also measured under identical frequency compression conditions. In Experiment 1, these measures were completed in ten adult normal hearing individuals to determine the effects of this type of signal processing in individuals with optimal hearing. In Experiment 2, these same measures were repeated in ten adults with sloping, high frequency hearing loss, which is the clinical population for whom this signal processing technique was intended.
No significant relationship of compression ratio and vowel identification was found in the normal hearing listeners, though a significant negative effect of increasing frequency compression ratio was observed in the hearing impaired group. Significant effects of compression ratio on ACC amplitude, consonant identification, ripple discrimination threshold, and speech perception in noise were found for both the normal hearing and hearing impaired groups.
These results indicate that the ACC response, like speech and non-speech perceptual measures, is sensitive to frequency compression ratio. Further investigation of this technique with hearing impaired individuals is needed to determine optimal stimulus and recording parameters for the ACC in both adults and children.
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Price, Tameka T. "The Impact of Racial Stereotyping on Juror Perception of Criminal Offenders." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3466.
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For decades, research has consistently demonstrated that minorities are overrepresented in the prison population, yet relatively little is known about whether juror perceptions about race and criminal culpability may impact this problem in the United States. Using Hill's folk theory of race and racism as the theoretical foundation, this cross sectional study examined the relationship between perceptions of the race of the defendant and the verdicts to be handed down. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 25 people who self-reported having served on a jury or were eligible for jury service within the past 5 years in a southwest Georgia community. The instrument used was original and designed to capture basic demographics of the respondents and perceptions about traits of the criminal defendants and their criminal culpability. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to examine whether participants' perceptions of race, income, and education of the defendant were statistically associated. Income and educational ranges were assigned to the defendants. Findings revealed 76% of respondents believed that baggy clothes are predictors of criminality. Furthermore, 72% of participants associated baggy pants with African Americans. It is possible that a correlation exists between associating African Americans with baggy pants and baggy clothes with criminality. Chi square results indicate that participants' beliefs of whether defendants were 'likely or extremely likely' to commit criminal offenses based on race, education level, and income of the defendants were not statistically significant. These findings may be important to court systems in terms of better understanding race relations in the United States as it relates to justice system equality.
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Anderson, Gail Alice. "The impact of bullying on the adolescent's sense of self." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08212008-161731.
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Sévigny, Marie-Claude. "Impact de l'état dépressif sur l'attention et l'estimation temporelle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/46576.
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Afin de déterminer l'influence de la dépression sur l'attention et l'estimation du temps, 120 participants ont rempli le Beck Depression Inventory II constituant ainsi deux groupes (15 participants déprimés et 20 participants non déprimés). Ils ont effectué des tâches informatisées de production d'intervalles d'une et de dix secondes, de discrimination de durées de 80-120 ms, 450-550 ms et 1120-1280 ms ainsi que d'attention soutenue (Continuous Performance Test). Les participants ont également effectué deux estimations verbales rétrospectives reliées au laps de temps qu'ils croient avoir passé à réaliser les tâches d'estimation temporelle et la tâche d'attention soutenue, respectivement. Les résultats obtenus démontrent que les participants déprimés commettent plus d'erreurs d'omissions au CPT, ont des performances plus instables lors des productions d'une et de dix secondes et ont un taux de discrimination correcte inférieur pour les intervalles de 1120-1280 ms. Cependant, aucune différence entre le groupe de déprimés et de non déprimés n'a pu être mise en lumière pour les tâches d'estimations verbales rétrospectives et de discrimination pour les intervalles de 80-120 ms et 450-550 ms. Il semble donc que les déprimés présentent des déficits au niveau du processus d'attention soutenue et que ces mêmes déficits ont pu influencer les performances de discrimination pour les intervalles de 1120-1280 ms et la stabilité des productions d'une et de dix secondes.
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Robert-Hazotte, Aline. "Impact du métabolisme des molécules odorantes sur la perception olfactive chez l'Homme." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK073.
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L’odorat est le sens qui permet de percevoir des substances volatiles appelées communément odeurs. Il joue un rôle important dans la subsistance et le bien être des individus car il intervient dans la communication avec leur environnement (recherche de nourriture, de partenaire, détection des prédateurs ...). L’efficacité du système olfactif repose en grande partie sur sa sensibilité, qui dépend de l’affinité des molécules odorantes pour leurs récepteurs olfactifs mais aussi d’un mécanisme de clairance enzymatique des molécules odorantes qui évite à ces récepteurs d’être saturés et qui implique les Enzymes du Métabolisme des Odorants ou EMO. En effet, des études récentes ont démontré que dans l’épithélium olfactif, les EMO qui biotransforment les molécules odorantes conduisent à l’arrêt du signal olfactif en désactivant ces molécules, ce qui permet leur élimination et participent donc ainsi in fine à la perception olfactive. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de ce travail de thèse est d’apporter une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes enzymatiques impliquant les EMO dans la perception olfactive des mammifères et d’étudier plus particulièrement ces mécanismes chez l’Homme.Le premier axe de ce travail, basé sur des analyses physico-chimiques, a consisté à développer une technique innovante de spectrométrie de masse par réaction de transfert de protons (PTR-MS) permettant le suivi en temps réel de la biotransformation des molécules odorantes par les EMO. Cette technique a été utilisée ex vivo sur des prélèvements d’épithélium olfactif et du mucus olfactif de rat et de lapin et également in vivo directement au sein de la cavité nasale humaine. Ainsi, il a été démontré que la biotransformation olfactive de molécules odorantes catalysée par différentes enzymes de type glutathion transférases, carboxylestérases ou dicarbonyl xylulose réductases (DCXR) est un mécanisme très rapide (de l’ordre de la milliseconde) en parfaite adéquation avec la dynamique physiologique du processus olfactif. Ces analyses ont également révélé que la biotransformation des molécules odorantes peut conduire à la production de métabolites volatils odorants pouvant potentiellement participer à la perception olfactive globale en interagissant eux aussi avec les récepteurs olfactifs. Ces différents métabolites ont été formellement identifiés par une technique de chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse (GC-MS).Le second axe de ce travail, reposant sur des analyses psychophysiques, a consisté à évaluer l’impact du métabolisme des molécules odorantes sur la perception olfactive chez l’Homme. Pour atteindre cet objectif, une stratégie originale de modulation de la perception olfactive reposant sur une compétition entre des molécules odorantes métabolisées par une même EMO, développée récemment au sein de l’équipe chez le lapin, a été transposée à l’Homme. La compétition entre des molécules odorantes de type dicétone vis-à-vis de l’enzyme DCXR a tout d’abord été démontrée in vitro par des analyses biochimiques sur l’enzyme recombinante humaine. Une méthode d’analyse par olfactométrie, appliquée à un panel de 40 sujets, a permis de démontrer que ce mécanisme de compétition entre molécules odorantes induit des modulations de la biotransformation de ces molécules conduisant ainsi à des modifications de leur biodisponibilité relative et in fine de leur perception. Ces résultats inédits démontrent que des modulations affectant la biotransformation d’un odorant conduisent instantanément à une modification de sa perception. Ces travaux de thèse précisent la fonction des EMO chez les mammifères et révèlent pour la première fois, chez l’Homme, une participation significative du métabolisme des molécules odorantes dans la perception olfactive<br>The sense of smell permits the perception of volatile substances commonly known as odors. This sense plays an important role in the feeding and wellness of individuals because it involves exchanges with their environment (search for food or partners, predators detection…). The efficiency of the olfactory system mainly relies on its sensitivity depending on the odorant affinity for their olfactory receptors but also on an enzymatic clearance mechanism of odorants which involves the Odorant metabolizing Enzymes (OME) to avoid the saturation of the receptors. Recent studies have shown that the biotransformation of odorants by EMO, in the olfactory epithelium, participates in the olfactory perception. Indeed, OME catalyse the deactivation of the odorants and their subsequent elimination which led to the termination of the olfactory signal. In this context, this work aims to provide a better understanding of the enzymatic mechanisms of the OME in mammal olfactory perception and to study more specifically these mechanisms in human.The first axis of this work, based on physicochemical analysis, has consisted to develop an innovative proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry technique (PTR-MS) to allow the analysis in real time of the odorants biotransformation by OME. This technique was first applied ex vivo using rats and rabbits olfactory epithelium and olfactory mucus but also in vivo directly inside the human nasal cavity. Thus, we have demonstrated that the olfactory biotransformation of odorants catalyzed by different enzymes like glutathione transferases, carboxylesterases and dicarbonyl xylulose reductases (DCXR), is a very fast mechanism (few milliseconds). This very high velocity is perfectly consistent with the physiological dynamics of the olfactory process. Moreover, PTR-MS analyzes revealed that the odorants biotransformation could produce volatile metabolites with odorous properties which could participate in the global olfactory perception by interacting also with olfactory receptors. These various metabolites have been formally identified by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique (GC-MS).The second axis, based on psychophysical method, evaluated the impact of the odorant metabolism in the human olfactory perception. For this purpose, an original approach recently developed in the lab, consisting of the modulation of the olfactory perception through a competition between odorants metabolized by the same EMO was transposed from the rabbit model to the human. The metabolic competition between several diketones toward DCXR was first demonstrated by biochemical analysis using the corresponding human recombinant enzyme. Then, an olfactometric study carried out on a 40 subjects panel demonstrated that this competition mechanism between odorants induces modulations of the biotransformation of these molecules and thus leads to modifications of their relative bioavailability and in fine of their perception. These new and significant results demonstrate that modulations impacting odorants metabolism leads immediately to changes in their olfactory perception. This thesis highlights on the function of EMO in mammals and reveals for the first time in human a significant role of the odorant metabolism in olfactory perception
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Smieja, Erin Marie. "Impact of the proposed changes to nutrition fact panel on consumer perception." Kansas State University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38775.
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Master of Science<br>Department of Food Science<br>Delores H. Chambers<br>Background: The US Food and Drug Administration proposed various updates to the nutrition fact panel, which included change to font, type size, addition of nutrients, and declaring absolute values. The rational was the new panel will provide consumers with more accurate and clear information, which may result in better food choices.
Objective: This study examines whether participants perception of nutrient information and/or sensory properties will change based on proposed nutrition panel display format.
Design: An online questionnaire was developed, and participants were randomized and selected to view the current nutrition label or the proposed nutrition label. The questionnaire was divided into three parts; (1) demographic information, (2) questions related to specific items of interest on the nutrition panel, (3) responses to questions after viewing each of five different food labels.
Subjects/Setting: US food shoppers over 18 years of age who read food labels (n=1221) completed the online questionnaire.
Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis of participants demographic information. A Chi-square test were applied to test for significant differences between the current and proposed nutrition panels.
Results: The study reveals that the top items of interest and importance viewed on both the proposed and current nutrition panel were similar. More than 30 percent of participants selected added sugar, sugar, and sodium, may affect sensory characteristic. The nutrition panels showed distinct differences in descriptive attributes across the five food categories, and significant differences between the current and proposed labels included “too sweet,” “nutritious,” “healthy,” “nutrient dense,” “balanced nutrition” and “artificial”.
Conclusion: Consumers’ perceptions are impacted with the proposed nutrition panel. This study emphasized that consumers may be unclear about the labeling of added sugar. Government agencies, industry and those who impact health care will need to provide additional education to make sure consumers are clear about the labeling of added sugar.
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Weil, Shawn Aaron. "The impact of perceptual dissimilarity on the perception of foreign accented speech." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1068481600.
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Stevens, Lincoln Boyd. "The epistemic impact of mystical perception on interfacie disputes over religious belief /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487950658548305.
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Kucukuysal, Bahadir. "Determinants of Turkish Police Officers' Perception of Integrity: Impact of Organizational Culture." Doctoral diss., Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002242.
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Plante, Ariane. "Impact de l'annonce d'un diagnostic de psychose sur la perception de soi." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2014. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7370/1/030674055.pdf.
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Tamwatin, Tanmika. "Impact of meditation on emotional intelligence and self-perception of leadership skills." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2012. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8z3v2/impact-of-meditation-on-emotional-intelligence-and-self-perception-of-leadership-skills.
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Effective leadership is still a subject of much research, but it seems that the questions of what is an effective leadership and how to be an effective leader, still remain. In order to address this issue, the transformation of leaders in terms of self-development, attitude, their perception and behaviour is necessary in order to help leaders cope with the uncertainties and continuous change in business environments. This research investigates the role of meditation for enhancing emotional intelligence and self-perception of leadership skills of executives. An experimental research involving 80 executives in Bangkok and 64 executives in London has been conducted for 12 weeks in each city. Study participants have been divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. Experimental groups in Bangkok and London had 40 and 32 participants respectively from different organisations. Through testing the two groups of executives, this research explored the differences between executives in an experimental group who practised an one-hour meditation for every week for 12 weeks, and executives from the control group who were merely monitored. All research participants in both groups completed 125 items EQ-i Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (Bar-On EQ-i) as well as 25 items of Self-perception of Leadership Skills Inventory before the start of the first session, and after the last session. Results of the overall test for analysis using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) showed that the Wilks Lambda multivariate tests of overall differences obtained for experimental groups in both Bangkok and London were statistically significant (p<.05). This implies that there are statistically proven significant differences in emotional intelligence and self-perception of leadership skills simultaneously due to meditation practice within experimental groups. Furthermore, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed a particular impact was made on the management of stress, intrapersonal awareness and motivating people. Meditation helps to gradually cultivate mindful awareness and concentration, resulting in a direct effect of enhancing emotional intelligence and selfperception of leadership skills. Insight competence resulting from meditation, if utilised in an appropriate way, can be a potential tool for enhancing the skills of business leaders.
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Rigoulot, Simon. "Impact comportemental et électrophysiologique de l'information émotionnelle en vision périphérique." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370746.
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Vision et Emotion sont deux fonctions adaptatives majeures dont les interactions ont été largement évaluées. Il est aussi reconnu que les performances visuelles déclinent fortement au fur et à mesure que les stimulations s'éloignent du centre du champ visuel. De ce fait, les études s'intéressant au traitement des informations visuelles émotionnelles ont systématiquement présenté ces stimulations en vision centrale (VC) mais jamais de manière excentrée, en vision périphérique (VP). Ce travail a pour objectif général d'explorer les réponses induites par des stimulations émotionnelles présentées en VP, aux niveaux comportemental et cérébral, grâce à la technique des potentiels évoqués (PE). Le caractère saillant de l'information émotionnelle, par sa capacité à capter préférentiellement les ressources attentionnelles, devrait : d'une part, optimiser la réactivité de la VP ; d'autre part, faciliter la rééducation de pathologies de la VC (scotomes centraux), dans la mesure où, lors de ces pathologies, seules les ressources de la VP demeurent disponibles.<br />En premier lieu, nous avons voulu explorer la capacité de la VP à traiter des images de scènes naturelles dont certaines contiennent des informations émotionnelles. Nous avons notamment observé pour la première fois l'existence de composantes électrophysiologiques évoquées par la VP. De plus, nous avons pu constater que le contenu émotionnel des images module les performances comportementales des participants ainsi que leur activité cérébrale, comme classiquement décrit en VC. Ces résultats plaident en faveur d'une différentiation précoce des informations visuelles présentées en VP selon leur nature affective et permet d'envisager leur utilisation dans le cadre de la rééducation neurovisuelle.<br />En deuxième lieu, et ayant à l'esprit les possibilités de rééducation neurovisuelle, nous avons cherché les stimulations susceptibles de mobiliser au mieux les ressources visuelles, pour ensuite les associer, en VP, à des informations émotionnelles. En conséquence, nous nous sommes intéressés au traitement de visages émotionnels (peur, neutre, joie) en VP car ils constituent, du fait de leur rôle dans les interactions sociales, des stimulations visuelles particulièrement saillantes. Cette étude a permis de montrer que les visages sont traités en VP et que leur expression émotionnelle a un impact au niveau comportemental et électrophysiologique. En particulier, les réponses des participants sont plus rapides et les composantes évoquées sont plus amples lorsque des visages de peur et de joie sont présentés en VP par rapport à des visages neutres.<br />Enfin, certaines études suggèrent une amélioration des performances de la VP lorsque des stimuli sont présentés en mouvement. De ce fait, la saillance des visages en VP pourrait être renforcée par le caractère dynamique de leur expression émotionnelle. Dans une troisième expérience, nous avons donc présenté des visages statiques et des visages animés, neutres et émotionnels, en VC et en VP. Les résultats obtenus confirment les données de la seconde expérience mais ne permettent pas d'attribuer un avantage spécifique à la composante dynamique des visages présentés, qu'ils soient émotionnels ou neutres.<br />A titre prospectif, nous avons présenté, à des patients atteints de scotomes centraux, des visages émotionnels et neutres. Les résultats comportementaux permettent de mettre en évidence que, chez ces patients, les visages émotionnels sont mieux traités que les neutres en VP. Les expressions faciales émotionnelles pourraient donc s'avérer des stimuli particulièrement adaptés dans le cadre de l'amélioration des ressources de la VP.<br />En conclusion, ce travail apporte des données comportementales et électrophysiologiques inédites sur le codage de l'information émotionnelle en VP et ouvre des perspectives encourageantes sur l'utilisation de la saillance émotionnelle dans la rééducation des déficits de la vision centrale.
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Roessler, Abeba 1981. "Impact of the linguistic environment on speech perception : comparing bilingual and monolingual populations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/91285.
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The present dissertation set out to investigate how the linguistic environment affects speech perception. Three sets of studies have explored effects of bilingualism on word recognition in adults and infants and the impact of first language linguistic knowledge on rule learning in adults. In the present work, we have found evidence in three auditory priming studies that bilingual adults, in contrast to monolinguals have developed mechanisms to effectively overcome interference from irrelevant information in the speech signal. Preliminary results on toddlers indicate no differences in the recognition of mispronounced words between bilinguals and monolinguals. Additionally, knowledge about rules in the first language was shown to have an impact on general rule learning abilities, while we did not detect an influence of bilingualism in this process. In summary, we have found evidence for an impact of the linguistic environment on the processing of indexical variability in word recognition as well as on rule learning. Bilinguals seem to have adapted to increased variability in their daily speech environment. In addition, rule extraction from unknown language input was unaffected by those adaptations but influenced by linguistic knowledge.<br>El principal objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar cómo el entorno lingüístico afecta la percepción del habla. Con esta finalidad se exploraron los efectos del bilingüismo en el reconocimiento de palabras y el efecto de la lengua materna en el aprendizaje de reglas. Para ver los efectos del bilingüismo en el reconocimiento de palabras se realizaron tres estudios en adultos explorando el efecto de facilitación por repetición, que mostraron que las personas bilingües han desarrollado mecanismos que les permiten minimizar las interferencias que ejerce la información irrelevante en la señal del habla. Por otro lado, se realizó un estudio con niños pequeños cutos resultados sugieren que no hay diferencias en el reconocimiento de palabras mal pronunciadas entre niños pequeños bilingües y monolingües. Respecto al efecto del conocimiento lingüístico de la lengua materna en el aprendizaje de reglas, se mostró que tiene un impacto en las habilidades generales para el aprendizaje de reglas aunque no se ha detectó una influencia del bilingüismo en dicho proceso. En resumen, se ha mostrado que el bilingüismo minimiza los efectos negativos de la variabilidad en el reconocimiento de palabras. Los bilingües parecen haberse adaptado a una mayor variabilidad en su entorno de habla cotidiana. Por el otro lado, se ha visto que la capacidad para extraer reglas de una lengua desconocida no está afectada por estas adaptaciones si no que está influenciada por los conocimientos lingüísticos en la lengua materna.
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Nagel, Frederik. "Psychoacoustical and psychophysiological correlates of the emotional impact and the perception of music /." Göttingen : Sierke, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016138858&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Wright, Chantea Renee. "Teacher Perception of Professional Development and Impact on Instructional Practice and Student Achievement." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90779.
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Professional development (PD) is an instrument that provides educators with knowledge, strategies, and skills to meet the needs of today's student learners. To ensure professional learning experiences serve their intended purpose, an investigation into teacher perception of PD and its impact on student achievement was conducted. This dissertation examined teacher perceptions and their impact on PD topics and delivery methods and its impact on changes in instructional practices and student achievement. Sampled were 207 classroom teachers from one rural, suburban, and urban Virginia high school. The findings relative to the sample size suggest that overall PD is impactful on instructional practice and student achievement and that technology integration followed by student learning styles is most impactful. Targeted traditional and reform professional learning activities may offer a means of impacting instruction and student achievement. Findings also suggest that if policymakers and school leaders want to impact instruction and student achievement, they must be strategic in delivering PD hours towards initiatives that will yield the most significant results for instruction and student achievement. To enhance teaching and learning through PD, educational leaders must continue to see the significance in PD as well as provide sustained, on-going, job-embedded PD experiences. This study provides educational leaders with a teacher perspective on the impact of PD on instructional practice and student achievement. These findings imply that PD could be a means of transforming teaching and learning. Few studies have examined teacher perception of PD, its correlation to changes in instructional practices, and its potential impact on student achievement.<br>Doctor of Education<br>Professional development (PD) is a tool that provides educators additional training to meet the needs of today’s students. A more in-depth look into teacher feelings of PD and its effect on student learning was examined. This dissertation examined teacher perceptions and their impact on PD topics and delivery methods and its impact on changes in instructional practices and student achievement. Two-Hundred and seven educators from one rural, suburban, and urban Virginia high school were requested to participate in this study. The findings relative to the sample size suggest that overall PD is impactful on instructional practice and student achievement and that technology integration, followed by student learning styles has the most effect. Various professional learning activities may offer a means of impacting instruction and student achievement. Findings also suggest that if policymakers and school leaders want to impact instruction and student achievement, they must be intentional in delivering PD hours towards actions that will provide positive outcomes for instruction and highest results for student achievement. PD must be sustained, on-going, job-embedded learning experiences. This study provides educational leaders with a teacher perspective on the impact of PD on instructional practice and student achievement.
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Hendershot, Lesly. "Aggression in traumatic brain injury: Difference in perception and impact on family functioning." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1394729015.
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Tao, Yang. "The impact of whisky blend matrices on the sensory perception of peaty flavours." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2866.
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Dunipace, Richard A. (Richard Alan). "The Industrial Representative's Perception of the Impact of Managerial Control Systems on Performance." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278008/.
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The objective of this study was to examine whether the factors which constitute the manufacturer/industrial-representative relationship, influence performance as predicted by control theory. In addition, the study evaluated the contribution of selected demographic factors such as size of the firm, and the representative's experience, on performance.
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Lippincott, Matthew K. "A study of the perception of the impact of mindfulness on leadership effectiveness." Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10241984.
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<p> This qualitative research study examined detailed reports by senior organizational leaders linking mindfulness to improved leadership effectiveness. Extensive research supports the existence of a relationship between mindfulness and cognitive, physiological, and psychological benefits that may also have a positive impact on leadership effectiveness. Currently, however, little is known about the processes potentially enabling mindfulness to directly influence leadership effectiveness, and as a result this study was designed to explore this gap in the literature. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with forty-two organizational leaders in North and South America and Europe, many with a history of leadership roles at multiple global organizations. Participants credited mindfulness for contributing to enduring improvements to leadership capabilities, and data analysis revealed new findings clarifying the perceived relationship between mindfulness and tangible results for organizational leaders. Specifically, the results indicate that mindfulness is perceived to contribute to the development of behaviors and changes to awareness associated with improved leadership effectiveness. A potential relationship between mindfulness and the development of emotional intelligence competencies linked to increased leadership performance was revealed as well. The contribution of this study to current literature is also discussed, as are recommendations for future research.</p><p> <i>Keywords:</i> mindfulness, organizational leadership, emotional intelligence, leadership effectiveness, leadership development, mindful leadership, leader empathy, leader emotional self-awareness, leader emotional self-management, leader social awareness, leader relationship management</p>
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Rosser, Benjamin Albert. "The impact of thought speed and variability on psychological state and threat perception." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15318.
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The speed and variability of thought are purportedly common features of specific psychological states, such as anxiety and mania. The present study explored the proposed independent and combinational influence of these variables upon condition-specific symptoms and affective state. A general population sample was recruited online (N = 263). Participants completed a thought speed and variability manipulation task, inducing a combination of fast/slow and varied/repetitive thought. Change in anxiety and mania symptoms was assessed through direct self-reported symptom levels and indirect, processing bias assessment (threat interpretation). Results indicated that both fast and varied thought independently increased self-reported manic symptoms. Affect was significantly less positive and more negative during slow thought. No change in anxiety symptoms or threat interpretation was found between manipulation conditions. Critically, no evidence for the proposed combinational influence of speed and variability was found. Implications for developing understanding of condition-specific mechanisms and avenues for therapeutic intervention are discussed.
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Cheung, Kwok-ming Frankie. "The impact of various compositional principles on visual perception of advertising graphic design." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1997. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/153.
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Slater, Robert D. "The impact of management's tone on the perception of management's credibility in forecasting." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002139.
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Lacharité, Carl. "Impact de la naissance du premier enfant sur la perception interpersonnelle des conjoints." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1986. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6622/1/000622645.pdf.
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Dumitrascu, Nicolae. "The Impact of Induced Mood on Visual Information Processing." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1321490234.
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Nimmonratana, Taksina. "Local perception towards tourism in Thailand : a case study of Chiang Mai." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1997. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21442.
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This dissertation is aimed at analyzing and discussing the perception of the local people of Chiang Mai towards tourism. Tourism in Thailand and its importance to the country is illustrated in the first chapter. The current position of Tourism in Thailand is indicated in the second chapter with tourism statistics and major trends shown between 1985-1995. This chapter also reviewed the importance of tourism within the Thai economy. The third chapter elaborated some of the major issues in Thai tourism with special attention to economic, environmental and sociocultural issues, as well as the related problems. In chapter 5 anticipated advantages and observed disadvantages in local community involvement in tourism in Chiang Mai are elaborated. Chapter 5 explains the research methodology followed by study results in chapter 6. Chapter 7 concluded the study's hypothesis as well as the objectives of this research. The implications from field - work and the policy issues are also noted. The conclusions from the study investigating the inner city of Chiang Mai residents' perceptions toward tourism development in the areas of arts and culture ; environmental circumstances ; employment ; infrastructure development and social problems revealed that on one side, there was a high degree of agreement among the respondents with regards to economic gain and employment created by tourism. Infrastructure development was also viewed positively by the respondents. On the other side, tourism was perceived as the cause of the environmental degradation and social problems. It is hoped that this study will serve as a source of reference and a guideline to be used by both private and public sectors in considering perception of local Chiang Mai people to tourism. The author has drawn articles from a variety of sources, including tourism journals, local newspapers and magazines. Field-work in the form of the samples were systematically chosen from the inner city of Chiang Mai to guarantee the outcome from the specified area of study.