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Academic literature on the topic 'Perception olfactive – Modèles mathématiques'
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Journal articles on the topic "Perception olfactive – Modèles mathématiques"
Gignoux-Ezratty, Véronique. "Déconfiner la perception scientifique en france." Acta Europeana Systemica 10 (December 9, 2020): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/aes.v10i0.59573.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Perception olfactive – Modèles mathématiques"
Ambard, Maxime. "Influence de l'inhibition synaptique sur le codage de l'information par les cellules mitrales du bulbe olfactif." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00401813.
Full textDans un premier temps, l'analyse de données expérimentales recueillies en condition in vitro dans des tranches de bulbe olfactif de rats révèle le caractère phasé des potentiels d'action des cellules mitrales relativement aux oscillations du potentiel de champ local. Ce phasage est largement atténué lorsque l'on bloque pharmacologiquement l'inhibition provenant des granules, mettant ainsi en évidence le rôle primordial de l'inhibition synaptique. Afin d'extraire le décours temporel de la conductance synaptique inhibitrice, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode basée sur l'ajustement d'un modèle de neurone associé à l'injection de bloqueurs synaptiques. Grâce à celle-ci, nous observons que les fluctuations de la conductance synaptique inhibitrice sont corrélées à celles mesurées sur le potentiel de champ local. Une relation entre l'inhibition reçue et la phase des potentiels d'action est également dévoilée. Un neurone aura plus de chance d'émettre en phase s'il reçoit un nombre important d'événements synaptiques inhibiteurs et si ces événements sont eux-même phasés.
Dans un deuxième temps, les résultats de cette analyse sont rassemblés au sein d'un modèle informatique de bulbe olfactif afin d'explorer les capacités de codage de l'interaction mitrale-granule. Après avoir montré que le transfert d'information des cellules mitrales semble plus résider dans leurs instants précis d'émission de potentiels d'action au cours des oscillations que dans leurs fréquences de décharges, nous étudions analytiquement l'influence du nombre d'événements synaptiques inhibiteurs reçus et de leur dispersion temporelle sur la précision de l'activité des cellules mitrales. Notre étude conclut que la robustesse du code produit par les cellules mitrales lors des oscillations du réseau est conditionnée par une forte interaction synaptique entre les cellules mitrales et les cellules granulaires. En dernier lieu, nous appliquons notre modèle de bulbe olfactif pour reconnaître des odeurs à l'aide d'une matrice de capteurs de gaz artificiels.
Bezerra, Silvio José. "Un modèle de perception visuelle pour la vision artificielle." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066026.
Full textFarkhatdinov, Ildar. "Modeling verticality estimation during locomotion." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066085.
Full textA nonlinear model of the vestibular system is proposed. The model was constructed from general considerations regarding the Newton-Euler dynamics governing the three-dimensional movements of bodies constrained to oscillate in non-inertial frames, such as the otoliths, which were modeled as spherical damped pendula. Two configurations were considered. The medial model considered only one inner ear located in the center of a head. The lateral model considered two inner ears located laterally with respect to the center of rotation of the head. An observability test was used to verify whether the reconstruction of the head orientation with respect to the gravitational vertical was possible from otoliths measurements only. It could be shown that in order for the head vertical orientation to be observable, the head had to be stabilized during locomotion. It was shown that the gravitoinertial ambiguity could be resolved if the head was horizontally stabilized. The results were applied to solve the head vertical orientation estimation problem. The simulations indicated that the estimation errors were smaller and the observers converged faster when head was stabilized during locomotion, leading to a nonlinear, combined observation-control system that could be stabilized with respect to the gravitational vertical. The results were tested with an experimental setup that comprised an actuated gimbal mechanism to represent the head-neck system and a liquid-based inclinometer that represented the otoliths organs. The findings derived from this research would be helpful for analyzing spatial perception in humans, and for improving the perceptual capabilities of robotic systems
Follet, Brice. "Etude sur la dichotomie ambiant-focal du comportement oculomoteur dans la perception des scènes naturelles." Paris 8, 2012. http://octaviana.fr/document/178646946#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis work relies on the question of existence of two kinds of visual named ambient and focal. Document begins to present previous work at behavioral, physiological, oculometric and computational levels. Next, we expose our experimental approach and the obtained results. All experimental methodologies rely on oculomotor data with the aim to study ambient and focal aspects. We approach this problem in suggesting an automatic method to discriminate the two kinds of fixations contrary to previous studies. In a first step, this fixation clustering allows to reveal one relevant behavioral index to discriminate fixations. In a subsequent step, we observe that two kinds of fixations show distinct features on the spatial deployment in the visual scene. In a next step, we investigate the respective role of ambient and focal fixations in the perception across two different paradigms. Hypothesis suggesting focal fixations are specialized in a local perception of object and ambient fixations preferentially treat the global scene are validated. In a next step, we try to consider ambient and focal fixations to increase the ability of a saliency model to predict spatial deployment of fixations. The last step suggests a functional temporal synthesis and a global schema of ocular behavior
Royet, Jean-Pierre. "Etudes morphométriques et cartographie fonctionnelle du bulbe olfactif à l'aide de l'analyse quantitative d'image." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10144.
Full textFavali, Marta. "Formal models of visual perception based on cortical architectures." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066094/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to develop mathematical models of visual perception based on cortical architectures and to apply them to reproduce phenomenological experiments and to process natural images. We primarly focus on low level vision tasks and in particular we are interested in the problem of grouping and of individuation of perceptual units. In this setting we will face the problem of the reconstruction of illusory figures and the detection of retinal vessels in optical images. Then we consider the problem of encoding and decoding of the fMRI signal from in vivo acquired brain activity of visual cortex. This allows to estimate the structure of the cortex of a specific human patient and eventually to reconstruct the visual stimulus from fMRI activity, in a so called “brain reading” strategy. The difference between our approach and the state of the art literature consists in using previously defined neuromathematical models of the cortices as a-priori knowledge to regularise in vivo estimated structure. Even if it is a long term objective, we propose a first approach to improve the results in this field. The entire work of this thesis has been developed taking into account results from phenomenology of perception and results of neurophysiology.In the field of the phenomenology of perception, at the beginning of the last century, the theory of the Gestalt psychology [Wertheimer, 1938, Kohler, 1947, Kofka, 1935] defined the integration of contours and in particular they defined grouping laws underlying perception. These are crucial in the construction of visual objects: points with characteristics in common can be grouped together to form a new visual object. Many psychophysical experiments have been proposed to measure the quantitative parameters of these laws. A particular interest of this thesis is the concept of association fields introduced by Field et al. [1993] which encodes different Gestalt principles (as good continuation, proximity). They showed that stimulus co-linearity and co-circularity play an important role for the feature of grouping. Their study showed how chances of perceiving the curvilinear path were high if the orientation of its features was the one tangent at that point and collapsed as their relative orientation deviated from being tangent
Jouve, Bertrand. "La multiplicité des aires visuelles du cortex : approche par la théorie des graphes." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHESA007.
Full textLe, Gallou Sylvain. "Détection robuste des éléments faciaux par modèles actifs d'apparence." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S083.
Full textFor man-machine interfaces, interactions with the machines in an unconstrained environment are a major issue. We use the Active Appearance Models (AAM) to precisely localize the eyes, the nose and the mouth of faces. Our work consists of making the AAM more robust to illumination, pose, identity and expression of faces. On the one hand, we propose a pretreatment based on oriented maps to get independent from the effects of illumination variations and on the other hand, an adaptive system allowing the AAM to focus itself in real time on the pre-learned specific model of a face the more adapted to the analyzed unknown face
Quintard, Ludovic. "Evaluation de la qualité des dispositifs d'affichage couleur : des évaluations subjectives à la mesure objective." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Quintard-Ludovic/2008-Quintard-Ludovic-These.pdf.
Full textThis thesis was conducted in cooperation with the Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d’Essais (LNE) within the framework of a CIFRE convention. This work consisted in realising an objective metric dedicated to the assessment of image retrieval devices (screens). To address the underlying issues, we developed an algorithm for estimating quality using the monitor features and those of the Human Visual System. The developed algorithm is made up of three blocks. The first block takes into account the technical features of the monitor (transfer function, gamut, etc. ) to turn a digital image (sent to the monitor using a digital device) into a physical image (displayed by the monitor). The second block of the algorithm models the transformation of the physical image into a perceptual image. This modelling involves familiarity with human visual system operational principles, particularly the encoding of colour information, as well as the perceptual attributes involved in judging a colour digital image quality. The required knowledge is described in chapter 4 of the present thesis. The third and last block was developed to rate the quality of this perceptual image. A subjective study of the quality of 5 different LCD screens involving thirty participants and based on six analysis criteria was performed. It successfully showed that colour, saturation and contrast are major factors on which the screen quality is assessed. The metric developed was based on these findings and shows good correlation with subjective evaluation data, thus showing similarity with human judgement. The metric was also tested in the field of JPEG and JPEG2000 compression with similar efficiency
Hourcade, Benoît. "Modifications neurales liées à la mémoire à long terme dans la voie olfactive de l'abeille domestique." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/826/.
Full textThe storage of stable memories is generally considered to rely on changes in the functional properties and/or the synaptic connectivity of neural networks. However these changes are not easily tractable given the complexity of the learning procedures and brain circuits studied. Such a search can be narrowed down by studying memories of specific stimuli in a given sensory modality, and by working on networks with a modular and relatively simple organization. We have therefore focused on associative memories of individual odors and possibly related changes at two levels of the honeybee olfactory pathway: the antennal lobes (ALs) and the mushroom bodies (MBs). We took advantage of the modular organization of both brain centers to look for structural changes that could be correlated with the formation of an odor-specific, olfactory long-term memory (LTM). Restrained bees were trained to form an odor-specific long-term memory in an appetitive Pavlovian conditioning protocol. The stability and specificity of this memory was tested behaviorally three days after conditioning. At that time, we performed brain processing of ALs and MBs. As ALs are organized in well-identified morpho-functional units, the glomeruli, we looked for evidence of structural (with volumetric analysis) and functional (with calcium imaging) plasticity in these units. We show that olfactory LTM is associated with volume increases in a specific subset of glomeruli, determined by the odor learned, without any change in the density of odor-evoked activity. Then, we addressed the question of whether olfactory LTM could be associated with changes in the synaptic architecture, in a similar way as in mammals and other species, where the consolidation of stable memories is accompanied by structural plasticity involving variations in synapse number and/or size. .
Books on the topic "Perception olfactive – Modèles mathématiques"
Petitot, Jean. Neurogéométrie de la vision: Modèles mathématiques et physiques des architectures fonctionnelles. [Palaiseau]: Les Éditions de l'École Polytechnique, 2008.
Find full textEindhoven), Working Models of Human Perception (1987. Working models of human perception. London: Academic, 1989.
Find full textG, Elsendoorn Ben A., Bouma Herman, and Workshop "Working Models of Human Perception" (1987 : Institute for Perception Research, Eindhoven), eds. Working models of human perception. London: Academic Press, 1989.
Find full text(Editor), Svetlana N. Yanuschkevich, Patrick S. P. Wang (Editor), Marina L. Gavrilova (Editor), Sargur N. Srihari (Editor), and Mark S. Nixon (Editor), eds. Image Pattern Recognition: Synthesis and Analysis in Biometrics (Series in Machine Perception & Artifical Intelligence) (Series in Machine Perception & Artifical Intelligence). World Scientific Publishing Company, 2007.
Find full textDavid, Klahr, Langley Pat, and Neches Robert, eds. Production system models of learning and development. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1987.
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