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Journal articles on the topic 'Percolating water'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Akbari, Saeed, Mohammad Taghi Hamed Mosavian, Fatemeh Moosavi, and Ali Ahmadpour. "Does the addition of a heteropoly acid change the water percolation threshold of PFSA membranes?" Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 45 (2019): 25080–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp04432a.

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Chen, Yan, Yoshiyuki Shinogi, and Masahiko Taira. "Influence of biochar use on sugarcane growth, soil parameters, and groundwater quality." Soil Research 48, no. 7 (2010): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr10011.

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This study deals with the influence of biochar use on sugarcane growth and nitrate-nitrogen percolation losses, as well as chemical and physical properties of Shimajiri maji soil. Two varieties of biochars, biosolids and bagasse (residues of sugarcane stalks after juice extraction), were mixed with Shimajiri maji soil. Changes in nitrate-nitrogen concentration in percolating water, specific gravity, and available soil moisture before sugarcane planting and after harvest were investigated. Indices of sugarcane growth (stem diameter and length), Brix, and yield of estimated available sugar in each plot were estimated. Results indicated that bagasse charcoal reduced soil dry density and increased available moisture of Shimajiri maji soil. Maintaining suitable soil water content increased yields and sugar content of sugarcane, while nitrate-nitrogen concentration in percolating water also decreased. Hence, bagasse charcoal use may reduce nitrogen loads in Shimajiri maji soil.

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Lo, Wei-Shuo, Ji-Lin Jou, and Lin I. "Percolating transition from weak to strong turbulence in wind-induced water surface waves." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 8 (2022): 084114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0102455.

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Recent studies in hydrodynamic flows and nonlinear plasma waves have demonstrated the turbulent transitions from ordered laminar flows and ordered plane waves, respectively, with the formation of a large percolating turbulent cluster, after the sporadic emergence and decay of turbulent puffs in the spatiotemporal space. These transitions follow the similar order–disorder transition scenario in nonequilibrium extended systems, governed by percolation theory. Here, we experimentally investigate the unexplored issue of whether a similar transition scenario can be extended to wind-driven water waves, especially for the transition from weak to strong turbulent states. Localized sites in the y– t ( y is normal to the wind direction) space are binarized into hot turbulent sites (HTSs) and cold turbulent sites depending on the instantaneous energy of the local wave height fluctuations. It is found that increasing the fetch (the distance x from the wind entrance) as increasing the effective drive leads to the transition from the weak to the strong turbulent state with a smooth rapid rise of the area fraction occupied by HTSs, and the formation of a large HTS cluster percolating through the y– t space after the sporadic emergence of HTS clusters. This generic transition behavior and the scaling exponents of the HTS fraction around the critical (percolating) fetch, and of the quiescent time and the quiescent distance between adjacent HTS clusters at the critical fetch, are akin to those around and at the critical point, respectively, for the 1 + 1D (dimensional) nonequilibrium system governed by the directed percolation theory.

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Gill, L. W., C. O'Suilleabhain, B. D. R. Misstear, P. Johnston, T. Patel, and N. O'Luanaigh. "Nitrogen loading on groundwater from the discharge of on-site domestic wastewater effluent into different subsoils in Ireland." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 12 (2008): 1921–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.336.

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The performance of six separate percolation areas has been intensively monitored to ascertain the attenuation effects of the unsaturated subsoil with respect to on-site wastewater effluent. Septic tank effluent on three sites and secondary treated effluent on the other three sites was discharged into subsoils of varying percolation values. Samples of the percolating effluent were taken using suction lysimeters installed to nominal depths of 0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 m below the invert of the percolation trenches. The results clearly showed that the development of a biomat across the percolation areas receiving secondary treated effluent was muted on these sites compared to the sites receiving septic tank effluent. Significant differences were found between the sites receiving septic tank and secondary treated effluent in terms of the potential nitrogen loading to groundwater. The average nitrogen loading after 1.0 m depth of unsaturated subsoil per capita equated to 5.5, 3.3 and 3.2 gTotal-N/d for the sites receiving secondary treated effluent compared to 4.2, 1.7 and 0.3 gTotal-N/d for the sites receiving septic tank effluent. The noticeably higher nitrogen loading on one of the septic tank sites corresponded to the effluent percolating through highly permeable subsoil that counteracted any significant denitrification.

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Murthy*, Ayapilla Narasimha. "Experimental Study on Water Percolating Concrete." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 4 (2021): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.d2427.0410421.

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This paper addresses two aspects namely a new method for manufacturing of percolating concrete blocks using different proportions of concrete mixture such as Portland cement, Coarse aggregates, fine aggregates, limestone, and water have been designed. Apart from this an attempt has also been made by adding small quantities of additives such as fly ash, rice husk ash etc. for its strength and suitability on par with the normal Concrete blocks. Another is a partial replacement of cement with supplementary cementation materials such as fly ash and metakaolin in different proportions for reducing high grade cement consumptions been proposed. The design of a Pervious Concrete is made in such a way that it allows the entire surface run off water to percolate down without retaining any drop/quantity in it. Thus, it is named as water percolating Pervious Concrete/ porous concrete. An alternative for reducing cement usage in concrete makes concrete eco-friendly. Thus, there comes an idea of partially replacing cement with supplementary cementations materials, The concern has been growing in recent years towards reducing the pollutants in water conservation and the environment. The continual urbanization has led to the increase in impervious surface area of the cities, further leading to blockage in percolation of precipitation from rainfall. This result is excess surface run off. To counteract this, pervious concrete is the solution. Hence, the pervious concrete having 15% to 35% interconnected pores by volume, allows direct infiltration of water through its structure. Since the strength of this block for highway suitability of roads is not yet tested. The main aim of this paper is to improve the strength characteristics of porous concrete. However, on comparison, with the published data it is suitable for foot paths/ pathways and parking lots and as driveways in the residential and small rural areas where less vehicular traffic. This will help in reducing the risk of water clogging and recharges the nearby ground water level. The Maintenance of the slab is also minimum and can be repaired and cleaned easily. Thus, it is worthy and useful in many ways.

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Ayapilla, Narasimha Murthy. "Experimental Study on Water Percolating Concrete." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 10, no. 4 (2021): 169–70. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.D2427.0410421.

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Massing, H. "Impacts of Leakage Water from Urban Solid Waste Deposits on Ground Water Quality." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 1-2 (1994): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0670.

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Urbanized areas world-wide are characterized by, among other things, a high production of wastes of different types. More than 90% of urban solid wastes is brought to deposits. If the waste dumps or landfills are not designed, constructed, managed, and finally recultivated, according to the state of the art, dangerous impacts, especially on urban groundwater, can be expected. Percolating water from rainfall or surface overflow is strongly influenced by the components, the construction and the chemical/biological processes in the deposits. The leakage water has to be considered one of the most polluted and extremely unpredictable waste waters. Percolating into the natural groundwater has the effect that this resource is spoiled and no longer suitable for human use or as a component of ecosystems. Old waste dumps must restored and recultivated.

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Lino de Araujo, A., A. Konig, and B. S. O. Ceballos. "Soil and water changes after sewage irrigation practice in semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil." Water Supply 3, no. 3 (2003): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0018.

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Due to scarcity and uneven water distribution in many regions of the world, irrigation practices are carried using water with poor chemical and microbiological quality favouring salt accumulation in soil, groundwater contamination and health risks. These impacts can be easily evaluated with small soil columns, considered an equivalent experimental plots, given sufficient information for reuse practice such as plant water needs, water losses by evaporation and percolation, groundwater quality, culture productivity and microbiological contamination of soil and culture. This work describes chemical and microbiological changes in two soils of Paraíba State - Northeast Brazil, before and after irrigation with clean water and polluted superficial water. Also investigated are the changes in water quality before and after percolating these soil columns and lettuce (Lactuca sativa, L.) contamination. The analysed parameters in water were: pH, electrical conductivity, ions (calcium, magnesium, potassium, chloride and sodium), ammonia, total phosphorus, soluble orthophosphate, BOD, fecal coliforms (FC) and fecal streptococci (FS). The pH values for both irrigation waters were slightly neutral to alkaline. Electrical conductivity values were high in irrigation and percolating waters (up to 1,753 and 2,367 mmho/cm) due to waters and soil features, not affecting plant growth. The concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium were considered adequate for irrigation water but not for chloride and sodium, although indirect effects on lettuce growth were observed. The BOD5 of polluted water ranged from 8 to 15 mgO2/L and was reduced to 85% after the percolating soil columns. FCs in polluted water were well above the recommended WHO values of 1,000 CFU/100 mL with soils reducing these values in 99.8% for FC (2 × 106 - 4 × 103 CFU/100 mL) and 98% for FS (2.5 × 104 - 4 × 102 CFU/100 mL). Soils were highly contaminated with both FC (2.2 × 104 MPN/100 g) and E. coli (8.3 × 102 MPN/100 g) and when polluted water was used these numbers either increased or did not change. There was an increase of soil nitrogen and organic matter percentages after polluted water was added to the soils. Lettuces were also contaminated when both waters were used (with polluted water FC up to 2.0 × 105 MPN/100 g) and associated with aerosol formation during manual irrigation. Although some inconveniences are shown, water reuse must be considered as an alternative for food production in semi arid regions and will be successful when adequate and continuously technical support is given.

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Gackiewicz, Bartłomiej, Krzysztof Lamorski, Mykola Kochiieru, Cezary Sławiński, Shao-Yiu Hsu, and Liang-Cheng Chang. "Hybrid modelling of saturated water flow in percolating and non-percolating macroporous soil media." Geoderma 406 (January 2022): 115467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115467.

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Gazali, Akhmad, and Fathurrahman Fathurrahman. "Penyuluhan Pembangunan Sumur Resapan Air Hujan di Kelurahan Cempaka Kecamatan Cempaka Kota Banjarbaru." PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 3, no. 2 (2018): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/pengabdianmu.v3i2.390.

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The construction of the well percolating rainwater is one of the efforts to improve the sustainability of groundwater. Increased knowledge and awareness of the population about the importance of the well percolating as an effort of conservation of groundwater and prevent floods, as well as the knowledge and skills to make the well percolating the Sepik high, cheap, and easily carried out by the population is a goal to be achieved in the activities of this community. Extension building of the well-percolating rainwater in the village of Cempaka is done by the method of questioning accompanied by lectures, and demonstrations. Lecture method is required to explain the efforts of the management and sustainability of water resources as well as the existence of the well percolating in General, while questioning provided an opportunity for participants to better understand the concepts so that those who are not yet familiar with can ask. Method demonstration is required to clarify the process of building the well percolating rain. As for the obstacles faced was the lack of understanding of the people about the well-percolating rainwater because of the varied educational background, expensive running costs of making the well percolating, and lack of public awareness about the sustainability of groundwater. Some of the benefits that can be gained from this outreach activity participant, among others, can understand the function of the forest, understanding the function of the sustainability of the land, and know the techniques of making a well-percolating rainwater with functions/benefits.

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Tascini, Anna Sofia, Massimo G. Noro, Rongjun Chen, John M. Seddon, and Fernando Bresme. "Understanding the interactions between sebum triglycerides and water: a molecular dynamics simulation study." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 3 (2018): 1848–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp06889a.

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Tonisson, Andres. "THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL COVER ON LAKES IN NORTHERN ESTONIA." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 20, 1999): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr1999vol1.1871.

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During the summers of 1997-98, in a pine-forested sloping watershed, soil water from calcareous and sandy soil horizons was collected on nine occasions. In total 8 lysimeters were used. The amount of water percolating through sandy test site was up to three times smaller than that through calcareous test site. The influence of soil cover on the percolating water is also significant. The sandy site is able to produce even more diluted water than that originally coming from precipitation. Concentrations of TOC are varying more than the conductivity values. The concentration of TOC on the calcareous site was 2... 2,5 times higher than that on the sandy site. The total emission of TOC from the transitional humus-rich test site could be higher by up to 20 times as compared with sandy site.

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Dougan, L., S. P. Bates, R. Hargreaves, et al. "Methanol-water solutions: A bi-percolating liquid mixture." Journal of Chemical Physics 121, no. 13 (2004): 6456–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1789951.

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Zhang, Meiling, Jiayi Fan, Yongchao Zhang, and Yinxin Liu. "Study on the relationship between the water cutting rate and the remaining oil saturation of the reservoir by using the index percolating saturation formula with variable coefficients." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 10, no. 8 (2020): 3649–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-020-00970-w.

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Abstract The water cutting rate is recorded dynamically during the production process of a well. If the remaining oil saturation of the reservoir can be deduced based on the water cutting rate, it will give guidance to improve the reservoir recovery and can save expensive drilling costs. In the oil–water two-phase seepage experiment on core samples, the oil and water relative permeability reflects the relationship between the water cutting rate and water saturation, that is, percolating saturation formula. The relative permeability test data of 17 rock samples from six seal coring wells in Daqing Changyuan were used to optimize and construct the coefficients of the index percolating saturation formula that vary with the pore structure parameters of reservoirs, to form an index percolating saturation formula with variable coefficients that is more consistent with the regional geological characteristics of the reservoir. Based on this, the formula of water saturation calculated by the water cutting rate is deduced. And the high-precision formula for calculating the irreducible water saturation and residual oil saturation by effective porosity, absolute permeability, and shale content is given. The derivative formula of water saturation on the water cutting rate was established, and the parameters of 17 rock samples were calculated. It was found that the variation velocity of water saturation of each sample with the water cutting rate presented a “U” shape, which was consistent with the actual characteristics that the variation velocity of the water saturation in the early, middle, and late stages of oilfield development first decreased, then stabilized, and finally increased rapidly. The research results were applied to the prediction of remaining oil saturation in the research area, and the water saturation about six producing wells was calculated by using their present water cutting rates, and the remaining oil distribution profile was predicted effectively. The analysis of four layers of two newly drilled infill wells and reasonable oil recovery suggestions were given to achieve good results.

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Turner, Edgar C., Jake L. Snaddon, Henry R. Johnson, and William A. Foster. "The impact of bird's nest ferns on stemflow nutrient concentration in a primary rain forest, Sabah, Malaysia." Journal of Tropical Ecology 23, no. 6 (2007): 721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646740700452x.

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Bird's nest ferns (Asplenium nidus complex) (Yatabe & Murakami 2003) are common epiphytes of the Old World tropics and house a high abundance of arthropods (Ellwood & Foster 2004). Through interception and retention of leaf litter (Paoletti et al. 1991, Piggott 1996, Richardson 1999), epiphytes interrupt litterfall dynamics (Clark et al. 1998, Nadkarni & Matelson 1991) and delay the return of nutrients to the forest floor (Nadkarni 1984). Precipitation percolating through the canopy as throughfall is enriched as nutrients are leached from plant surfaces (Levia & Frost 2006). Water flowing down the trunk of trees as stemflow is further enriched from prolonged contact and accumulated nutrient deposits on the trunk (Levia & Frost 2003, Liu et al. 2002). Epiphytes can alter stemflow nutrient concentrations by slowing water percolation and by nutrient uptake and release (Awasthi et al. 1995, Strigel et al. 1994).

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A.D., Ampitiyawatta, and Weerasuriya W. M. I. "Ability of moisture absorbing substrate to conserve percolating water." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science 06, no. 05 (2021): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2021.6501.

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Oleinikova, Alla, and Ivan Brovchenko. "Percolating networks and liquid–liquid transitions in supercooled water." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 18, no. 36 (2006): S2247—S2259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/18/36/s02.

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Wada, K., S. Yamanaka, M. Yamamoto, and K. Toyooka. "The characteristics and measuring technique of refractory dissolved organic substances in urban runoff." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 2 (2006): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.053.

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It is considered that refractory dissolved organic substances have caused an increase in the COD concentration in Lake Biwa in recent years. We investigated the organic matter in the first flush of stormwater runoff from a road in the watershed area of the lake, and studied the possibility of improvement in the water environment from that aspect. After percolating the stormwater through soil, we analyzed organic substances fractionated by using GPC-TC. And we examined the effect of removal of organic substances by comparing the peak height before and after percolation. In the result of the experiments, we found that soil infiltration reduced the refractory dissolved organic substance and we successfully designed a system for a simple and easy experimental facility to treat urban runoff.

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Pešić, Vladimir. "A remarkable new Nilotonia species (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Anisitsiellidae) from percolating water of a cave in Cat Ba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam." Zootaxa 3710, no. 4 (2013): 372–80. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3710.4.6.

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Pešić, Vladimir (2013): A remarkable new Nilotonia species (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Anisitsiellidae) from percolating water of a cave in Cat Ba island in Halong Bay, Vietnam. Zootaxa 3710 (4): 372-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3710.4.6

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Martin, Joseph P., and Kenneth J. Zitomer. "Onsite Wastewater Treatment and Disposal for Coastal Resort Businesses." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (1989): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0050.

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Onshore commercial or institutional services for the New Jersey barrier island resorts frequently dispose of wastewater onsite, by percolating septic system effluent to the underlying aquifers. However, to protect the groundwater supplying potable water and brackish wetlands, larger onsite systems must now include advanced treatment to remove nitrates. Effluent produced by a mechanical treatment plant at a new nursing home was improved by percolation through a zoned sand mound disposal bed, but operation of the small but complex plant is expensive. Therefore, another system to remove organics and nitrogen was developed for a shopping center, which was expected to have severe seasonal variations in wastewater quality and quantity. Treatment in a series of in-ground and mounded aerobic and anoxic units provides operational economy and flexibility appropriate to resort area commercial establishments.

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Yuzhuo Wang, Zhichao Xu, Yunshan Chen, Kai Li. "Application of computer technology to numerical simulation of hydrothermal variation of subgrade enhanced by seepage drainage geoglage under freeze-thaw cycle." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 2 (2024): 495–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.1203.

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In seasonal frozen soil areas, engineering problems are common due to the high water content of subgrade soil. In view of this phenomenon, a new type of percolating drainage geogrid (SDG) is proposed for cooling and drainage. The changes of soil temperature and moisture at different time points were analyzed through computer simulation laboratory model test, and the changes and distribution of soil temperature and moisture under freeze-thaw conditions were obtained. The temperature and moisture changes and their distribution obtained by computer modeling agree with the experimental results. By optimizing the soil materials of the model samples, the changes of temperature and moisture with time under freeze-thaw conditions were more significant. Therefore, it can be inferred that, without changing the configuration of the percolation drain grid, the cooling drainage performance of the percolation drain grid can be improved under the same conditions by changing the heat transfer coefficient or the macroporous filling material. It provides theoretical support and data guarantee for the reinforcement of subgrade percolation and drainage grid in cold area.

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Signes-Pastor, Antonio J., Manus Carey, and Andrew A. Meharg. "Inorganic arsenic removal in rice bran by percolating cooking water." Food Chemistry 234 (November 2017): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.140.

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Sastre, M. T., L. Silveira, and P. Gamazo. "Fitting a Numerical Model for the Analysis of the Wet Bulb Dimensions by Drip Irrigation." Agrociencia 19, no. 3 (2015): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31285/agro.19.270.

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Prevision of the unsaturated zone hydrodynamics is one of the most important criteria for designing efficiently localized irrigation practices. In Uruguay the design of localized irrigation has been historically based on formulations and previsions to quantify the size of the wet bulb, using different methods (analytical and numerical simulations, empirical and field tests). These methods were based on soil conditions for light and homogeneous soils, and arid climatic conditions, which are difficult to extrapolate to local soils and crops. Nowadays, is known to be common practice over irrigation because of the lack of a more accurate prevision of the shape of the wet bulb. However, there is no knowledge about the amount of deep percolating water. This research is based on the comparison of experimental results obtained from field test under controlled drip irrigation of alfalfa with the results of a numerical model that simulates unsteady hydrodynamic processes in unsaturated zone. The used code was CODE_ BRIGHT, developed by the Department of Geotechnical Engineering UPC, Barcelona, Spain. Tests were carried out modifying both the time of water application as the emitter discharges. A 1.20 m diameter and 1.20 m tall cylindrical lysimeter was built reproducing the original soil profile of the area. Each stratum was assumed to be homogeneous and axial symmetry was used to find the most efficient way to locate measuring instrumental. Percolating water volume was also measured in the experiment, placing a drainage system at the bottom of the lysimeter. The test was set up on the INIA Las Brujas facilities, using soils of the area (silty loam and silty clay loam) typical of the center-south of the country. The comparison of measured and predicted results suggests the existence of complex phenomena more based in soil structure than in soil texture, which may explain the rapid percolation observed on the initial stages of irrigation. It is necessary to develop other numerical models that represent more accurately these behavior.

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F. S. Goderya, W. E. Woldt, M. F. Dahab, and I. Bogardi. "Comparison of Two Transport Models for Predicting Nitrates in Percolating Water." Transactions of the ASAE 39, no. 6 (1996): 2131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.27716.

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Alexandridis, Paschalis, Josef F. Holzwarth, and T. Alan Hatton. "Thermodynamics of Droplet Clustering in Percolating AOT Water-in-Oil Microemulsions." Journal of Physical Chemistry 99, no. 20 (1995): 8222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100020a054.

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Vollmer, D., J. Vollmer, and H. F. Eicke. "Droplet Cluster vs. Bicontinuous Structures in Percolating Water-in-Oil Microemulsions." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 26, no. 5 (1994): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/26/5/012.

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Kattelmann, Richard. "Macropores in Snowpacks of Sierra Nevada." Annals of Glaciology 6 (1985): 272–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1985aog6-1-272-273.

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Macropores - large open channels that can conduct water - have been found within snowpacks of the Sierra Nevada of California. Extensive networks of channels as well as apparently isolated single channels have been documented. These openings, which are usually found near the base of the snowpack, were recognized at several widespread sites. Such basal channels may be an important means of draining liquid water from the snowpack. The presence of open conduits in snow helps to explain such phenomena as rapid streamflow response to percolating rain and melt water.

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Kattelmann, Richard. "Macropores in Snowpacks of Sierra Nevada." Annals of Glaciology 6 (1985): 272–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500010594.

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Kunst, S., K. Kayser, and H. M. Lenz. "Capacity of small wastewater treatment plants and their effects on the groundwater." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 1 (2000): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0015.

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In order to gain an updated evaluation of the purification capacity of small wastewater treatment plants (SWTPs), several districts in Lower Saxony were questioned on this matter. The incoming results were then compared to and completed by existing results published in reference literature. A simulation program was run to estimate the COD loads which leach out into the groundwater at the effluents of SWTPs. The results gained from the questionnaire and the literature are indicating that vertical filters, wastewater lagoons and rotating biological discs are especially suitable types of SWTPs. The results of the simulation show that a percolation of the effluent of efficient plants can be regarded as harmless given a percolating distance of 60 or better yet 120 cm. This is different with the subsoil irrigation where the passage through the soil is virtually the biological purification stage. Then, even after having passed through the soil for 250 cm, considerably high COD loads are still emitted into the groundwater. As this kind of SWTP is very frequently used in Lower Saxony, it would be worthwhile to increase the efficiency of the pre-treatment of wastewater before the percolation by adding simple aggregates to the plants. This should be examined in future analyses.

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Chigira, Masahiro, Chizuru Imai, and Hideaki Hijikata. "Water percolating behavior indicated by the water chemistry within a decomposed granite slope, central Japan." Engineering Geology 84, no. 1-2 (2006): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.12.002.

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Yu, LingJie, Kazuo Tameda, JiaXing Liu, Mikiji Shigematsu, and Sotaro Higuchi. "Study on the Stabilization of Water Quality in Sea Surface Landfill by Percolating Water Circulation." Journal of the Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management 35 (2024): 143–54. https://doi.org/10.3985/jjsmcwm.35.143.

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Nirmala, K., V. B. Pratheesh, and C. H. Sujatha. "Water Quality Aspects of a Temporary Water Body in Palakkad District, Kerala." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 8, no. 2 (2011): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw-2011-8_2_06.

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Contamination of drinking water mainly through anthropogenic activities has become a major challenge to the environmentalist in the developing countries. Solid wastes from industrial units is being dumped without any proper treatment near the factories, which is subjected to reaction with percolating rain water and reaching the ground water level. The soft drink beverage factory in Plachimada meets their water requirement by the tapping ground water and due to this ground water has undergone drastic fluctuations. Despite the fact that several studies have been conducted taking Plachimada and Perumatty panchayath as focal points, little attention has been given to the nearby Pattenchery area and Pudussery Panchayath. Thus, an attempt was contributed to invest the water quality parameters of temporary water bodies, mainly ponds of Pattenchery and Pudussery panchayaths in Palakkad district, Kerala. The phsyico-chemical parameters of eight ponds in the two stations were studied and its correlation pattern was recorded. Standard deviation and confidence limit of each parameter were also evaluated.

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Musadji, Neil Yohan, and Claude Geffroy-Rodier. "Simple Derivatization–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry for Fatty Acids Profiling in Soil Dissolved Organic Matter." Molecules 25, no. 22 (2020): 5278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225278.

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Dissolved organic matter is an important component of the global carbon cycle that allows the distribution of carbon and nutrients. Therefore, analysis of soil dissolved organic matter helps us to better understand climate change impacts as it is the most dynamic and reactive fraction in terrestrial ecosystems. Its characterization at the molecular level is still challenging due to complex mixtures of hundreds of compounds at low concentration levels in percolating water. This work presents simple methods, such as thermochemolysis– or derivatization–gas chromatography, as an alternative for the analysis of fatty acids in dissolved organic matter without any purification step. The variables of the protocols were examined to optimize the processing conditions for the C9–C18 range. As a proof of concept, fatty acid distributions of soil percolating water samples from a long-term field experiment were successfully assessed. The variability of dissolved organic acid distributions was pronounced through depth profile and soil treatment but no major change in composition was observed. However, although the optimization was done from C9 to C18, detection within the C6-C32 fatty acids range was performed for all samples.

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Cardoso, Alice Rodrigues, and Cristiano Poleto. "SUDS: Environmental remediation applied to urban drainage." Revista Brasileira de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação 9, no. 3 (2024): 377–96. https://doi.org/10.18554/rbcti.v9i3.8182.

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The few strategies used to remediate polluted urban waters have focused on reducing gross pollutant loads with a view to improving the aesthetics of streams and receiving rivers. However, many researchers have sought to evaluate the efficiency of percolating beds, operating by gravity, in removing contaminants from urban rainwater, valuing the short time for treatment and low maintenance. The various percolating beds tested proved to be effective in removing pollutants found in collected urban runoff, particularly metals. Notably, the composition of the prototypes included vermiculite, a clay mineral that demonstrated superior results compared to those made solely from sand, justifying its adoption. In this way, new devices based in this principle, could contribute to the implementation of water requalification actions in small, highly urbanized river watersheds dominated by diffuse contamination sources, with the implementation of treatment systems at the end of the drainage networks.

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Webb, Ryan W., Keith Jennings, Stefan Finsterle, and Steven R. Fassnacht. "Two-dimensional liquid water flow through snow at the plot scale in continental snowpacks: simulations and field data comparisons." Cryosphere 15, no. 3 (2021): 1423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1423-2021.

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Abstract. Modeling the multidimensional flow of liquid water through snow has been limited in spatial and temporal scales to date. Here, we present simulations using the inverse TOUGH2 (iTOUGH2) model informed by the model SNOWPACK, referred to as SnowTOUGH. We use SnowTOUGH to simulate snow metamorphism, melt/freeze processes, and liquid water movement in two-dimensional snowpacks at the plot scale (20 m) on a sloping ground surface during multi-day observation periods at three field sites in northern Colorado, USA. Model results compare well with sites below the treeline and above the treeline but not at a site near the treeline. Results show the importance of longitudinal intra-snowpack flow paths (i.e., parallel to ground surface in the downslope direction and sometimes referred to as lateral flow), particularly during times when the snow surface (i.e., snow–atmosphere interface) is not actively melting. At our above-treeline site, simulations show that longitudinal flow can occur at rates orders of magnitude greater than vertically downward percolating water flow at a mean ratio of 75:1 as a result of hydraulic barriers that divert flow. Our near-treeline site simulations resulted in slightly less longitudinal flow than vertically percolating water, and the below-treeline site resulted in negligible longitudinal flow of liquid water. These results show the increasing influence of longitudinal intra-snowpack flow paths with elevation, similar to field observations. Results of this study suggest that intra-snowpack longitudinal flow may be an important process for consideration in hydrologic modeling for higher-elevation headwater catchments.

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Lekatou, A., S. E. Faidi, S. B. Lyon, and R. C. Newman. "Elasticity and fracture in particulate composites with strong and degraded interfaces." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 5 (1996): 1293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0164.

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Silane-coated glass microspheres randomly embedded in an epoxy polymer matrix have been employed as a model system to investigate the degradation of disordered composite materials by water, and to test various models of deformation and fracture. Numerous composites containing sodalime (A) glass in the range 0 to 25% by volume were tested dry and immersed in saturated NaCl at 40 °C for periods up to 70 days before testing. Enhanced osmotic water uptake due to percolating interface damage was observed for composites containing more than 15% glass. The electrical resistance of similar composites filled with conducting spheres confirmed the existence of a percolation transition, though with high resistance values implying no direct contact of the spheres. Tensile measurements conducted on dry material at a nominal strain rate of about 10−3 s−1 showed an increase in elastic modulus and a decrease in the fracture strength with increasing glass content. New detail was apparent in these curves and confirmed by statistical analyses. For wet specimens, in addition to a general embrittlement effect of water absorption, there was a distinct plateau or small peak in fracture strength in the range 9 to 12% glass, and an abrupt drop between 12 and 15%. The plateau can be related to favorable crack interaction effects between disconnected clusters of interfaces just below the percolation threshold. The steep increase in elastic modulus with glass content seen in the dry material vanished entirely in wet material, which behaved like a porous polymer above 6% glass, owing to osmotic interface damage within particle clusters.

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Qualls, Robert G., and Bruce L. Haines. "Geochemistry of Dissolved Organic Nutrients in Water Percolating through a Forest Ecosystem." Soil Science Society of America Journal 55, no. 4 (1991): 1112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1991.03615995005500040036x.

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Suh, Jeong-Yul, Paul L. Brown, and Gavin F. Birch. "Geochemical factors affecting leachate composition derived from soils in reclaimed lands using laboratory fresh and saline water column experiments." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 7 (2003): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf02118.

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The present study compared the geochemistry of saline and freshwater percolating through columns containing soils sampled from reclaimed land adjoining Sydney Harbour, Australia. The investigation assessed the flux of contaminants from the soil and, hence, estimated the affect of reclaimed land (using construction waste or dredged sediment) on the adjoining aquatic environment. Leachate samples were collected weekly for 22 weeks and were monitored for pH, Eh (redox potential), electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, major elements and heavy metals. In the early stages of the experiment (until approximately Week 12), the concentrations of the major elements in water percolating from the two columns were similar. Differing pseudo-steady-state conditions were reached in the columns after approximately 14 weeks. Sodium and Cl are weakly sorbed onto surface sites of the material in the saline column. The exchange of Na with other cations results in an increase in the aqueous concentrations of Ca, K and Mg in this column. As the parallel field concentrations are considerably higher than those measured in the column experiments, and are much higher (by orders of magnitude) than those measured in seawater, results of the fresh and saline water column tests strongly indicate that elevated concentrations of trace metals probably enter the estuary by tidal action and during periods of rainfall.

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Green, S. R., I. Vogeler, B. E. Clothier, T. M. Mills, and C. van den Dijssel. "Modelling water uptake by a mature apple tree." Soil Research 41, no. 3 (2003): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02129.

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We report the results from a field experiment in which we examined the spatial and temporal patterns of water uptake by a mature apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh., 'Splendour') in an orchard. Time domain reflectometry was used to measure changes in the soil's volumetric water content, and heat-pulse was used to monitor locally the rates of sap flow in the trunk and roots of the tree. The tree's distribution of root-length density and supporting data to characterise the soil's hydraulic properties were determined for the purpose of modelling soil water movement in the root-zone under an apple tree. Experimental data are compared against the output from a numerical model of the soil water balance that uses Richards' equation for water flow, and uses a distributed macroscopic sink term for root uptake. In general, there was a very good agreement between the measured and modelled results. The apple trees consumed some 70 L of water per day during the middle of summer. The daily water use declined to about 20 L per day with the onset of autumn, coinciding with a reduced evaporative demand and an increasing number of rain days. Water movement in the root-zone soil was dominated by the water uptake via surface roots. Large changes in soil water content were also associated with each irrigation event. Our experimental data support the contention that more frequent irrigation in smaller doses will result in less water percolating through the root-zone. Such an irrigation strategy should make more efficient use of water by minimising the leaching losses. It will also be helpful for environmental protection by reducing the percolation losses of water and solute beyond the grasp of the roots.

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Hudson, John D., Richmal B. Paxton, Julian E. Andrews, Paul F. Dennis, and Alina D. Marca. "Classic Scottish sandstone concretions formed from hot water." Geology Today 39, no. 6 (2023): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gto.12455.

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Large calcite‐cemented sandstone concretions found in Middle Jurassic sandstones from the isles of Eigg and Skye are a striking feature of the Jurassic geology of the Inner Hebrides. Recent clumped isotope data unequivocally give concretionary calcite cementation temperatures above 50°C and up to 98°C. The high temperatures contrast with the mild thermal history of the enclosing less permeable Jurassic mudrocks. The clumped isotope data also enable calculation of the oxygen isotopic composition of the precipitating fluids: these included percolating rainwater that had interacted with Paleocene volcanics; then, later hot fluids of deeper, basinal origin, squeezed out of compacting mudrocks at depth as the Paleocene lava pile loaded the crust. There is thus direct connection between ‘Jurassic’ sedimentary features and the complex Paleocene volcanic history of the region.

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Lenhart, Simon, Felix Ortmeyer, and Andre Banning. "Denitrification in the vadose zone: Modelling with percolating water prognosis and denitrification potential." Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 242 (October 2021): 103843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103843.

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Mays, Holger. "Dynamics and Energetics of Droplet Aggregation in Percolating AOT Water-in-Oil Microemulsions." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 101, no. 49 (1997): 10271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp9723675.

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MAWDSLEY, J., and R. BURNS. "Root colonization by a Flavo bacterium species and the influence of percolating water." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 26, no. 7 (1994): 861–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(94)90302-6.

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Mebrahtu, Gebreslassie, Solomun Atsbaha, and Berihu Abadi Berhe. "Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) investigation for road failure along Mekelle – Abi-Adi road segment, northern Ethiopia." Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science 13, no. 1 (2021): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mejs.v13i1.7.

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Roads constructed along the mountainous terrains of Ethiopia are susceptible to landslides mostly during rainy season. Mekelle – Abi Adi road is one of the economically important road corridors that connects many towns with Mekelle city. However, the asphalt road segment is heavily affected by quasi-translational type of landslide which hinders traffic flow of the area. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) method was applied to investigate subsurface geology of the road failure along Mekelle – Abi-Adi asphalt road, northern Ethiopia. The geo-electric section result revealed that the shallow subsurface geology of the site is characterized by four distinct geological formations, from top to bottom are: shale, shale-limestone intercalation, limestone and shale-gypsum units. The subgrade of the failed road section is shale unit which is overlain by jointed sandstone unit. The sandstone unit serves as a recharge zone to the bottom shale layer by percolating water via sub-base fill materials which in turn blocks vertical percolation and promote seepage force to the overlying soil mass. Hence, the road failure in the study area seems to be caused due to the development of pore water pressure in the shale layer which soaked water during heavy rainfall. The recommended remedial method for the road failure is re-designing of the affected route from chainage 48 km+850 m to 49 km+250 m towards the northwest of the study area and excavates the top 6 m shale unit.

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Abissy, M., and L. Mandi. "Comparative study of wastewater purification efficiencies of two emergent helophytes: Typha latifolia and juncus subulatus under arid climate." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 10-11 (1999): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0639.

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The aim of the present study is to assess wastewater purification efficiency of two higher aquatic plant, Typha latifolia and Juncus subulatus in an arid climate. The experiment was conducted from August 1994 to March 1996. The plots (capacity: 115 liters, diameter: 57 cm) were filled to 5 cm depth with gravel and 30 cm with soil (texture: 30% clay, 34% silt and 36% sand) and planted with young shoots of Typha and Juncus. The plots without plant were used as controls. The plots were weekly and exclusively irrigated by urban raw wastewater (25 liters). The influent was percolating through the substratum. Results revealed significant performances for reduction of organic load in all systems. Indeed, COD and TSS removal efficiencies were respectively 91% and 73% for Typha latifolia, 92% and 76% for Juncus subulatus, 83% and 73% for an unplanted system. Depletion of nutrients during the experimental period was low and even negative: 32% TP (total phosphorus) and 31% NH4 (ammoniacal nitrogen) in Typha system, 27% TP and 17% NH4 in Juncus system, −10% TP and −22% NH4 in unplanted system. In addition, the presence of these helophytes maintained sufficient porosity in order to allow water percolation treatment. The unplanted system clogged in winter.

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Ильина, М. Е., and И. Н. Курочкин. "Optimization of the process of membrane separation of MSW landfill leachate with a high concentration of hardness salts." Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaia tehnika, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35776/vst.2021.07.04.

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Рассмотрен вопрос оптимизации процесса мембранного обратноосмотического разделения имеющего повышенное содержание солей жесткости фильтрата полигона твердых бытовых отходов. Исследования проводились на экспериментальной двухступенчатой установке обратного осмоса. Для изучения возможности повышения эффективности процесса мембранного обратноосмотического разделения фильтрата и, в частности, удельной производительности мембраны в исходную осветленную фильтрационную воду (перед мембранным разделением) вводились различные ингибиторы осадкообразования: Avista Vitec 3000, Clarofos 381 и триполифосфат натрия. В качестве исследуемого водного раствора использовались фильтрационные воды полигона твердых бытовых отходов «Марьинский» (Владимирская область), которые имели повышенное содержание солей жесткости. По результатам проведенных исследований осуществлена оценка эффективности действия различных ингибиторов осадкообразования на процесс мембранного обратноосмотического разделения по показателю удельной производительности мембраны. Доказано положительное влияние на мембранное разделение введения в исходный осветленный фильтрат полигона ТБО ингибиторов процесса осадкообразования солей жесткости на поверхности мембран. Наилучшие результаты по увеличению удельной производительности мембраны при очистке осветленной фильтрационной воды были получены при использовании ингибитора Avista Vitec 3000. Проведенные исследования показали, что при выборе ингибитора осадкообразования необходимо учитывать особенности состава исходной воды, режим работы мембранного оборудования и особые требования технологии очистки. The aspects of optimizing the process of reverse osmosis membrane separation of the leachate of a municipal solid waste landfill with a high concentration of hardness salts is considered. The research was carried out in an experimental two-stage reverse osmosis unit. To study possible increasing the efficiency of the membrane reverse osmosis separation of the leachate and, in particular, of the membrane flux, various inhibitors of sediment formation were added to the feed clarified percolating water (before the membrane separation): Avista Vitec 3000, Clarofos 381, and sodium tripolyphosphate. Percolating water of the Mar’inskii solid waste landfill (Vladimir region) with a high concentration of hardness salts was used as a researchable aqueous solution. Based on the results of the executed studies, the effect of various inhibitors of sediment formation on the process of membrane reverse osmosis separation was estimated in terms of the membrane flux. The positive effect on membrane separation of the inhibitors of the sediment formation of hardness salts on the membrane surface added into the feed clarified leachate of the solid waste landfill has been proven. The best results in increasing the membrane flux during the purification of clarified percolating water were obtained with the use of the Avista Vitec 3000 inhibitor. The executed studies have shown that while choosing a sediment formation inhibitor, the specific composition of the feed water, the operating mode of the membrane equipment and the special requirements of the purification technology should be taken into account.

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Trumbore, S. E., S. L. Schiff, Ramon Aravena, and Richard Elgood. "Sources and Transformation of Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Harp Lake Forested Catchment: The Role of Soils." Radiocarbon 34, no. 3 (1992): 626–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200063918.

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The 14C content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in streams, soil water and groundwaters in the Harp Lake catchment in Ontario, Canada, reflect a mixture of DOC sources, including both contemporary plant material and 14C-depleted soil organic matter. The concentration and isotopic content of DOC in streams is highly variable, reflecting the complex flow path of the source water entering the streams. The characteristics of groundwater DOC are set in the soil column, either through DOC production in the deeper soil layers, or through preferential decomposition and/or sorption of 14C-enriched DOC components from percolating waters. We estimate the relative magnitudes of decomposition, transport and sorption as sinks for DOC produced in forested catchment soils.

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BREEMEN, N. VAN, and R. PROTZ. "RATES OF CALCIUM CARBONATE REMOVAL FROM SOILS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 68, no. 2 (1988): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss88-042.

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Mean annual rates of calcium carbonate removal from soils in a subarctic climate estimated from data on two chronosequences of calcareous storm ridges, appeared to be relatively constant through time. Concentrations of dissolved calcium carbonate in the soil solution in the study sites calculated from the rates of weathering of CaCO3 and of water drainage are in the range expected for equilibrium with calcite. The same conclusion could be drawn from published studies elsewhere. Over a wide range of conditions, the dissolution rate of calcite appears to be high enough to maintain equilibrium concentrations in water percolating calcareous soils and rocks. Consequently, the rate of calcium carbonate weathering can be predicted from (1) the solubility of CaCO3 and (2) the water drainage rate. Key words: Calcium carbonate weathering, soil chronosequence, subarctic soils

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Robins, Vanessa, Mohammad Saadatfar, Olaf Delgado‐Friedrichs, and Adrian P. Sheppard. "Percolating length scales from topological persistence analysis of micro‐CTimages of porous materials." Water Resources Research 52, no. 1 (2016): 315–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017937.

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RAWLINS, B. G., A. J. BAIRD, S. T. TRUDGILL, and M. HORNUNG. "ABSENCE OF PREFERENTIAL FLOW IN THE PERCOLATING WATERS OF A CONIFEROUS FOREST SOIL." Hydrological Processes 11, no. 6 (1997): 575–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(199705)11:6<575::aid-hyp478>3.0.co;2-z.

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