Academic literature on the topic 'Perennial river'
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Journal articles on the topic "Perennial river"
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Yuan, Kangqi, Junying Chu, Zuhao Zhou, et al. "Identifying Non-Perennial River Reaches: A Hybrid Model Combining WEP-L and Random Forest." Sustainability 16, no. 23 (2024): 10543. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310543.
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The proportion of non-perennial rivers within the global river network is increasing, and research on these rivers has significantly grown in recent years due to their important role in water resource management and ecosystems. However, existing identification methods primarily rely on river networks with monitoring data and often overlook the temporal variation in flow, limiting further research and analysis. We propose a novel identification approach that couples the WEP-L model with random forest prediction, based on a comprehensive analysis of the limitations of current methods. Specifically, this method involves simulating river flow and incorporating time-series forecasting to facilitate the identification of non-perennial rivers. This approach also divides non-perennial rivers into significantly seasonal and non-significantly seasonal rivers by incorporating seasonal analysis, providing a theoretical foundation for studying their causes and formulating conservation strategies. Using the Yellow River basin in Gansu province as a case study, the results indicate that the total length of non-perennial rivers is 13,085.67 km, accounting for 42.09% of the region’s river length. The cessation periods of significant seasonal non-perennial rivers are primarily in fall and winter, while flow periods are concentrated in summer. The findings provide valuable guidance for the ecological conservation and sustainable management of non-perennial rivers, both in the Yellow River basin and other regions. The introduction and application of this method are expected to improve the identification and management of non-perennial rivers, contributing to the long-term sustainability of water resources.
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Rodríguez-Lozano, Pablo, Cleo Woelfle-Erskine, Michael T. Bogan, and Stephanie M. Carlson. "Are Non-Perennial Rivers Considered as Valuable and Worthy of Conservation as Perennial Rivers?" Sustainability 12, no. 14 (2020): 5782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145782.
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Non-perennial rivers, watercourses that cease to flow at some point in time and space, are widespread globally but often lack effective protections. Although it is thought that these ecosystems are undervalued by society, empirical studies exploring people’s perceptions of non-perennial rivers are uncommon. We carried out an image-based survey at three U.S. universities to measure students’ perception of riverscapes according to seven characteristics: aesthetics, naturalness, habitat for biodiversity, habitat for fish, need of human intervention, importance for human well-being, and conservation value. Our results showed that non-perennial rivers are generally considered less valuable and worthy of conservation than their perennial counterparts. Furthermore, several factors influenced peoples’ perception of non-perennial rivers, including where they live, their educational history, how often they visit rivers, their leisure activities, and whether they live close to a river. Our findings suggested the need to improve people’s perceptions of non-perennial rivers as a step toward increased protection for these ecosystems. This current challenge demands combined actions by researchers from diverse disciplines and professionals working from different perspectives, including policymakers and educators.
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Sánchez-Montoya, María Mar, Thibault Datry, Albert Ruhi, Stephanie M. Carlson, Roland Corti, and Klement Tockner. "Intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams are pivotal corridors for aquatic and terrestrial animals." BioScience 73, no. 4 (2023): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biad004.
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Abstract Rivers are efficient corridors for aquatic animals, primarily under the assumption of perennial flow. However, the recognition that river drying is a common and widespread phenomenon requires reexamining animal movement through river networks. Intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams have been overlooked when studying animal movement, even though approximately 60% of the global river network dries. In the present article, we extend the current focus of river ecology by integrating the effects of drying on the movement of aquatic and terrestrial animals. Moreover, we introduce a conceptual model that challenges the current bias, which is focused on perennial waterways, by encompassing animal movement across hydrologic phases (nonflowing, flowing, dry, rewetting) and habitats (aquatic, terrestrial). We discuss their corridor function in conservation and restoration planning and identify emerging research questions. We contend that a more comprehensive and inclusive view of animal movement in dry channels will advance ecological understanding of river networks and respective conservation efforts.
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Schiavon, Alfredo, Claudio Comoglio, Alessandro Candiotto, et al. "Navigating the drought: upstream migration of a small-sized Cypriniformes (Telestes muticellus) in response to drying in a partially intermittent mountain stream." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 425 (2024): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2024003.
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River flow intermittence is a natural phenomenon intensified by human activities, such as water abstraction and the effects of climate change. A growing number of rivers are predicted to experience intermittent flows, which may impact the diversity and abundance of freshwater species. Dry riverbeds directly diminish the availability of habitats for freshwater organisms, and suitable environments can turn into ecological traps with reduced survival rates, posing a significant threat to population persistence. Even though fish movements can enable drought-affected populations to persist, little is known about individual fish movement between intermittent and perennial reaches. Here, we study the movement of individual PIT-tagged Italian riffle dace (Telestes muticellus) in an intermittent and perennial river reach before, during and after two severe drying events. A high proportion of fish from the intermittent reach survived the drying riverbed through directed upstream migration. This was manifested in fish living in the intermittent reach of the river displaying significantly higher linear ranges, and net travelled distances during the monitoring period than fish in the perennial reach, which remained resident with limited linear range and net distances travelled. This finding underscores the importance of conserving longitudinal river connectivity in the face of increased water scarcity and intermittent flow patterns.
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Makhmudova, Lyazzat, Marat Moldakhmetov, Aynur Mussina, and Adilet Kanatuly. "Perennial fluctuations of river runoff of the Yesil river basin." Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN) 9, no. 4 (2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.21533/pen.v9i4.2306.
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Bourke, Sarah A., Margaret Shanafield, Paul Hedley, Sarah Chapman, and Shawan Dogramaci. "A hydrological framework for persistent pools along non-perennial rivers." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 27, no. 3 (2023): 809–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-809-2023.
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Abstract. Persistent surface water pools along non-perennial rivers represent an important water resource for plants, animals, and humans. While ecological studies of these features are not uncommon, these are rarely accompanied by a rigorous examination of the hydrological and hydrogeological characteristics that create or support persistent river pools. Here we present an overarching framework for understanding the hydrology of persistent pools. Perched surface water, alluvial water throughflow, and groundwater discharge are the key hydraulic mechanisms that control the persistence of pools along river channels. Groundwater discharge can be further categorized into that controlled by a geological contact or barrier and discharge controlled by topography. Emphasis is put on clearly defining throughflow of alluvial water and the different drivers of groundwater discharge. The suite of regional-scale and pool-scale diagnostic tools available for elucidating these hydraulic mechanisms are summarized and critiqued. Water fluxes to pools supported by throughflow alluvial and groundwater discharge can vary spatially and temporally, and quantitatively resolving pool water balance components is commonly non-trivial. This framework allows for the evaluation of the susceptibility of persistent pools along river channels to changes in climate or groundwater withdrawals. Finally, we demonstrate the application of this framework using a suite of the available tools to conduct a regional and pool-scale assessment of the hydrology of persistent river pools in the Hamersley Basin of north-western Australia.
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Casariego-Madorell, Ma Antonieta, Rurik List Sánchez, and Gerardo Ceballos González. "Aspectos básicos sobre la ecología de la nutria de río (Lontra longicaudis annectens) para la costa de Oaxaca." Revista Mexicana de Mastozoología (Nueva Epoca) 10, no. 1 (2006): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ie.20074484e.2006.10.1.143.
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Abstract: Southern river otter densities of 0.03 to 0.62/km of river were estimated for three rivers of the coast of the Mexican State of Oaxaca by the number of feces found on transects. The estimated population for the 19 perennial rivers of the state was 495. Scat analysis showed that crustaceans, fish, insects and amphibians are the main components of the otter’s diet. Keywords: Lontra longicaudis, density, abundance, diet, Ayuta, Copalita, Zimatán. Palabras clave: Lontra longicaudis, densidad, abundancia, alimentación, Ayuta, Copalita, Zimatán.
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Abdi, Reza, and Mehdi Yasi. "Evaluation of environmental flow requirements using eco-hydrologic–hydraulic methods in perennial rivers." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 3 (2015): 354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.200.
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The assessment of environmental flows in rivers is of vital importance for preserving riverine ecosystem processes. This paper addresses the evaluation of environmental flow requirements in three reaches along a typical perennial river (the Zab transboundary river, in north-west Iran), using different hydraulic, hydrological and ecological methods. The main objective of this study came from the construction of three dams and inter-basin transfer of water from the Zab River to the Urmia Lake. Eight hydrological methods (i.e. Tennant, Tessman, flow duration curve analysis, range of variability approach, Smakhtin, flow duration curve shifting, desktop reserve and 7Q2&10 (7-day low flow with a 2- and 10-year return period)); two hydraulic methods (slope value and maximum curvature); and two habitat simulation methods (hydraulic–ecologic, and Q Equation based on water quality indices) were used. Ecological needs of the riverine key species (mainly Barbus capito fish), river geometries, natural flow regime and the environmental status of river management were the main indices for determining the minimum flow requirements. The results indicate that the order of 35%, 17% and 18% of the mean annual flow are to be maintained for the upper, middle and downstream river reaches, respectively. The allocated monthly flow rates in the three Dams steering program are not sufficient to preserve the Zab River life.
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Hagen, E.M., and J.L. Sabo. "Influence of river drying and insect availability on bat activity along the San Pedro River, Arizona (USA)." Journal of Arid Environments 84 (June 12, 2012): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13473566.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) We evaluated the effects of flow reduction and drying on prey availability and bat activity along a desert river in southeastern Arizona. We sampled bat activity and insect availability during the dry season at perennial and intermittent sites along the San Pedro River. Intermittent sites included both temporally flowing and dry conditions during the study period. Bat activity significantly declined between May and June sampling periods but was not related to whether sites had perennial or intermittent flow. Declines in bat activity corresponded to reductions in insect availability, but only at perennial sites. Bats tracked aquatic insect availability at perennial sites but not at intermittent sites, where insects appear to actively aggregate above localized wet portions of the intermittent reaches. Finally, both bat and insect availability declined to nearly undetected levels when the river dried at 2 of 16 sites in despite increases in terrestrial insect availability. Our results indicate that intermittency affects bat activity indirectly via its effects on prey availability. Seasonal river drying appears to have complex effects on foraging decisions by bats, initially causing imperfect tracking by consumers of localized concentrations of resources, but later resulting in disappearance of both insects and bats after complete drying.
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Hagen, E.M., and J.L. Sabo. "Influence of river drying and insect availability on bat activity along the San Pedro River, Arizona (USA)." Journal of Arid Environments 84 (June 7, 2012): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13473566.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) We evaluated the effects of flow reduction and drying on prey availability and bat activity along a desert river in southeastern Arizona. We sampled bat activity and insect availability during the dry season at perennial and intermittent sites along the San Pedro River. Intermittent sites included both temporally flowing and dry conditions during the study period. Bat activity significantly declined between May and June sampling periods but was not related to whether sites had perennial or intermittent flow. Declines in bat activity corresponded to reductions in insect availability, but only at perennial sites. Bats tracked aquatic insect availability at perennial sites but not at intermittent sites, where insects appear to actively aggregate above localized wet portions of the intermittent reaches. Finally, both bat and insect availability declined to nearly undetected levels when the river dried at 2 of 16 sites in despite increases in terrestrial insect availability. Our results indicate that intermittency affects bat activity indirectly via its effects on prey availability. Seasonal river drying appears to have complex effects on foraging decisions by bats, initially causing imperfect tracking by consumers of localized concentrations of resources, but later resulting in disappearance of both insects and bats after complete drying.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Perennial river"
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Steward, Alisha Louise. "When the River Runs Dry: The Ecology of Dry River Beds." Thesis, Griffith University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366740.
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Temporary rivers and streams that naturally cease to flow can be found on every continent. Many others that were once perennial now also have temporary flow regimes due to the effects of water extraction or changes in land-use and climate, while others that used to run dry no longer do so due to water releases and waste water discharges. The dry beds of temporary rivers are an integral part of river landscapes and have: a role as seed and egg banks for aquatic biota; a unique diversity of aquatic, amphibious and terrestrial biota; a role as dispersal corridors; as temporal ecotones linking wet and dry phases; and as sites for the storage and processing of organic matter and nutrients. They also have a societal values, such as significance in human language and culture; agricultural uses; sources of sand and gravel for building purposes; and as places for recreation. ‘Traditional’ conceptual models of riverine ecosystem structure and function do not consider the dry phase. As a consequence, these models are incomplete and are thus not fully applicable to many parts of the world where temporary rivers are common and the dry phase is significant.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Griffith School of Environment<br>Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology<br>Full Text
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Hattingh, Keaton Jade. "Geomorphological controls on pool formation and pool persistence in non-perennial river systems." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7739.
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>Magister Scientiae - MSc<br>Globally climate variability and anthropogenic effects are causing more perennial rivers to become non-perennial rivers. Non-perennial rivers are distinguished by their isolated pools which serve as refugia for aquatic organisms, water birds, and riparian vegetation. The literature on non-perennial rivers demonstrates that pools are poorly understood in terms of their location, nature, and geomorphic persistence. Therefore, this study examines the relationships between the spatial distribution, morphology, and substrate characteristics of pools in reaches of the Prins and Touws rivers in the Klein Karoo. A greater understanding of pools will facilitate better management, monitoring, and restoration strategies for pool ecology since the geomorphology of pools provides a key part of the ecological template.
Worldview-2 satellite imagery (2017) and orthorectified aerial photography (2014, 2013, and 1944) were used to assess the effects of major flooding events on pools over time. A DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System) was used to survey the pool widths, lengths, depths, and valley widths, cross-sections, and longitudinal profiles of the river. Sediment samples and Wolman pebble counts were used to assess the grain size and organic matter content of each pool in the study area. Detailed descriptions of the characteristics of each pool in terms of position in the channel, valley form, and obstruction presence and type were also assessed.
Results indicate that most of the large pools occur at bedrock outcrops of the valley margins, and smaller pools are associated with Vachellia karroo debris bar features. Larger and highly persistent pools are associated with valley confinement and smaller less persistent, scour pools occur mid-channel where the valley expands. Analysis of the results shows that the valley width is the dominant control on these forced pools. The type of obstruction also plays a role in the formation of the pool as large woody debris results in smaller pools whereas, bedrock outcrops result in larger sized pools. A significant relationship was found between the grain size and organic matter content of pools.
Aerial photography of the spatial distribution of the pools revealed that before a major flood, the pools were small and patchy, whereas afterward, they were larger and more elongated. It is suggested that at the bedrock outcrops, major scouring and eddy processes drive the formation of larger pools during large flood events, whereas pool dissection by sediment deposits prevails during intervening intermediate to low flow periods. The results are discussed in terms of the geomorphic controls (valley width, pool dimensions, morphology, substrate, and obstruction characteristics) on the formation and maintenance of pools in dryland settings. A conceptual
model is proposed to explain the geomorphic changes of the pools in the four geomorphological zones of non-perennial rivers.
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Banda, Vincent Santos Dzulani. "Assessing hydrogeological characteristics to establish influence of aquifer-river interaction in non-perennial river systems, Heuningnes catchment." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7007.
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>Magister Scientiae - MSc<br>Over half of total flows in the global river network are composed of non-perennial rivers. This indicates the importance of non-perennial river systems in supporting the biodiversity. It has been established that groundwater is one of the elements that control the flow regimes and classification (whether perennial or not) of a river system. However, the use of hydrogeological characteristics to establish the influence of groundwater on non-perennial river systems remain to be widely unpublished. This study, therefore, intends to conceptualize and explain the role of hydrogeological characteristics in non-perennial rivers, using the Heuningnes catchment in the Western Cape Province of South Africa as a case study. The study has argued that thorough characterization of aquifers is essential in order to adequately establish the extent of aquifer-river connectivity and how groundwater influences flows and chemical loading in non-perennial river systems. The study has three objectives namely: (i) to determine the aquifer characteristics (ii) to characterise the aquifer-river interaction and (iii) to conceptualize the groundwater flow system.
Records review, field, analytical and laboratory-based methods were used to collect and interpret geological, groundwater level, pumping test, hydro-chemical and environmental stable isotopic data in order to characterise groundwater occurrence, flow system and its interaction with the rivers of the study area. Water samples were taken from groundwater, surface water and rainfall during both dry and wet periods.
Results show that the study area has a topography-controlled water table with shallow depth to groundwater levels ranging on average from 3 - 10 m, which result into largely a local groundwater flow system. Transmissivity values determined from constant rate pumping test range between 0.17 and 1.74 m2/day. Results exhibit that the low transmissivity values are associated with the weathered nature of the Table Mountain sandstone and the unfractured Bokkeveld shale formations.
Hydrochemical data results indicate that both groundwater and river samples in the upstream part of the study area are characterised as fresh water with TDS values of less than 1000 mg/l while the downstream part has saline waters with TDS ranging from 2000 – 35000 mg/l. Results also show that Na-Cl is the dominant water composition for both groundwater and river water. The order of major ion dominance is similar for the two water sources, with concentration ranges from high to low in the order of Na+>Mg2+>Ca2+>K+ and Cl->SO42->HCO3- for cations and anions respectively. The similar patterns and trends in salinity and major ion data suggest the connectivity between the aquifer and the river. Environmental stable isotope data indicate river samples in upstream areas having depleted δ18O (-4.3 to -5.12‰) and δ2H (-22.9 to -19.3‰) signatures similar to groundwater indicating a stable and continuous groundwater contribution to the river flows. Meanwhile, high evaporative enrichment of δ18O (1.13 to 7.08‰) and δ2H (38.8 to 7.5‰) is conceived in river samples from downstream areas. Ionic ratios and isotope-salinity relationships suggest that groundwater chemistry is derived from sea sprays, evaporation and dissolution of Bokkeveld shale host rock.
Geological, hydrogeological, hydrochemical and environmental stable isotope data were used to develop a conceptual hydrogeological model which explains the role of groundwater in non-perennial river systems. Results indicate that the North East – South West fault on the north-eastern part of the study area seem to act as a conduit to groundwater flow thereby supplying water to the upstream rivers while the East -West fault in the northern part seem to act as a barrier to groundwater flow resulting into a hydraulic discontinuity between upstream and downstream areas. Meanwhile, the relatively low conductive formation in the downstream areas coupled with a relatively low hydraulic gradient (0.000843) suggests there is slow Darcian groundwater flows resulting in less flushing and high salinization of groundwater. Eventually, in the downstream part of the study area there is slow and minimal groundwater discharge to the rivers resulting into groundwater failing to maintain the river flows and pools. In general, rivers of the study area largely gain water from groundwater although the amount of groundwater discharge varies from one river segment to another in both upstream and downstream parts. The conceptual model has led to the development of a proposed optimum management of non-perennial rivers including the effects of groundwater abstraction on the river flows.<br>2022-09-01
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Mqondeki, Phumlani. "Assessing the influence of groundwater recharge mechanism on non-perennial river systems, Tankwa Karoo, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7035.
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Masters of Science<br>In South Africa and neighbouring countries such as Zimbabwe, Botswana, Angola, and Namibia, most river systems are non-perennial due to semi-arid or arid climatic characteristics. In such river systems, the interaction between groundwater and surface water is of significance in terms of developing appropriate methods for determining ecological water requirements among others. However, the interaction is not well understood in terms of the influence on the volume and quality of water on the gaining and losing water bodies. In past research, the importance of non-perennial rivers (NPRS) was neglected because these river systems were considered as systems of low ecological importance and economic value. However, an improved understanding of these systems illustrated that they provide habitat for diverse and unique flora and fauna. Therefore, the main research question that was posed for the study was what is the influence of river-aquifer interactions in non-perennial river systems in the semi-arid environment?
The central argument was that unless we assess the interaction between surface water and groundwater in NPRS, we cannot improve on understanding of the role of groundwater on the NPRS. The aim of the study was therefore, to assess surface water-groundwater (river-aquifer) interactions in non-perennial river systems to provide an insight regarding how these water resources interact in semi-arid environments. To achieve the aim, three specific objectives were formulated, namely, to establish the groundwater contribution to the river system, to investigate the role of the river in recharging the underlying aquifer, and to develop a regional hydrogeological conceptual model of recharge mechanisms. To achieve the objectives of the study, samples were collected from boreholes, a dug well, springs, surface water and cumulative rainfall collectors during the summer and winter seasons. The samples were analysed for hydrochemistry and stable isotopic signatures (δ2H and δ18O). The intention was to identify where and when do river-aquifer interactions occur in the study area. Secondary data from records review and field data from hydrometric methods, ERT geophysical surveys and tracer techniques were also used to address the third objective.
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Poulter, Rachel. "Investigating the role of soil constraints on the water balance of some annual and perennial systems in a Mediterranean environment." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Agriculture, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0018.
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This thesis compares the in situ water balance of common annual production systems (wheat, lupin, subclover and serradella) with a grazed perennial system (lucerne) at a site in the Avon Catchment, Western Australia. Using a physically-based water balance approach the value of a plant based solution in redressing the hydrological imbalance that has become a feature of much of the dryland agricultural region of Western Australia is investigated. The effectiveness of lucerne in providing greater available storage for buffering large rainfall events, as compared to the annual systems, is illustrated. Continued transpiration following out-of-season rainfall events maintains a larger available storage capacity. In contrast, the annual systems that are fallow over summer only withdrew a small fraction of water by soil evaporation between rainfall events. Under annual systems, the profile moisture store was sequentially increased to the extent that additional increments of rainfall could potentially contribute to deep drainage. A particular focus of this study has been to investigate the presence of soil constraints to root growth, and to assess how these constraints affect the water balance. A site survey indicated the soil penetration resistance was sufficient to impose a physical constraint to root growth. Published literature on the site shows soil acidity is also at a level imposing chemical constraints to root growth. A root growth model “Rootmodel”, for predicting root growth with and without soil constraints is examined in detail as a method for providing root growth parameters for inclusion into the numerical water balance model, SWIM based on Richard’s equation. Functions developed from “Rootmodel” adequately describe the effect of profile limitations to root growth, such as soil strength, moisture availability and temperature. Recommendations are made for inclusion of a growth suppressing function in “rootmodel” based on the chemical limitation of low pH. The effects of soil acidity on the root growth of several species is investigated experimentally and the resultant root data provided a reference point by which the simplified prediction of root growth built into SWIM could be adjusted using a linear reduction function. A similar linear reduction function is also employed to impose a physical constraint in the form of high penetration resistance.
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Poulter, Rachel. "Investigating the role of soil constraints on the water balance of some annual and perennial systems in a Mediterranean environment /." Connect to this title, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0018.
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Xaza, Abongile. "Investigating hydrogeochemical processes of groundwater, Heuningnes Catchment, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7961.
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Masters of Science<br>This study was conducted to investigate hydrogeochemical processes controlling the evolution of groundwater chemistry and their influence on water quality in the Heuningnes Catchment. The role or influence of hydrogeochemical processes in groundwater quality in aquifer systems remains poorly understood. One of the ways of improving such understanding is to employ different techniques to explore key processes that govern groundwater quality in aquifer systems. Therefore, the present study investigated hydrogeochemical processes of groundwater resources and identified key processes that explained its quality from a spatiotemporal perspective. The quantitative approach that provides the ability to assess relationships between variables both spatially and temporally was applied. Groundwater sampling was done on four occasions during July 2017, October 2017, March 2018, and July 2018. Identification of hydrogeochemical processes controlling the evolution of groundwater chemistry and quality was done using various complementary tools. These tools included classification of the main water types, evaluation of water-rock interaction by means of stoichiometry analysis and bivariate correlation plots, inverse geochemical modelling, and statistical analysis (hierarchical cluster analysis and factor analysis). Physical parameters were measured in situ, while water samples were collected from boreholes, piezometers, springs, and artesian boreholes for laboratory analysis for major ions analysis. Descriptive and bivariate statistical methods were used to summarise and evaluate the strength of the relationship between variables, while multivariate statistical methods were applied to group similar samples based on their chemical compositions. Tri linear Piper diagrams were generated to characterize water type based on double normalizing the proportions of cations and anions, while correlation and stoichiometric analysis were applied to identify hydrogeochemical processes influencing groundwater chemistry. The results generated from the trilinear Piper diagrams confirmed the dominance of sodium and chloride ions in waters of the Heuningnes Catchment. Groundwater of a Na/Cl type is typical for a coastal aquifer characterised by saline, deep ancient groundwater. The lower parts of the Catchment were characterised by saline groundwater. The results indicated that shallow groundwater samples within the study area were more mineralised as compared to deep groundwater with EC values ranging between 20.8 and 2990 mS/m, with waters within the Table Mountain Group region (TMG), recording the lowest values. Deep groundwater for boreholes and artesian boreholes located upstream in the Catchment was fresh and yielded some of the lowest EC values recorded with an EC value below 50 mS/m. Generally, EC values increased from the upper TMG region of the Catchment towards the Bokkeveld shale region downstream and were highest during the dry season of 2018. The results indicated strong geological influences on water chemistry. Bivariate correlation and stoichiometric analysis identified cation exchange, adsorption, evaporation, weathering of carbonates, sulphates and silicate minerals as processes influencing the chemistry of groundwater in the Heuningnes Catchment. The Saturation Index (SI) results showed a change of calcite, dolomite, aragonite, gypsum, anhydrite, halite, melantinterite, siderite and sylvite from being undersaturated to oversaturated at some areas for the different seasons along the flow path. The mass-balance modelling results indicated that ion exchange and reverse ion exchange processes were more dominant at low elevations along the same flow path during the dry periods. However, at high elevations along the flow path, silicate weathering was the dominant process taking place. The findings of this study demonstrated the influence of hydrogeochemical processes in changing the water chemistry along the flow paths. In conclusion, the study showed the value of utilising various assessment tools as complementary techniques to improve the understanding about hydrogeochemical processes, and its influence on evolution of groundwater chemistry and quality. Based on the findings of the study the following recommendations were made for future studies; the sample points or sample boreholes in the study Catchment should be increased; and to have more sampling trips to enable better comparison between the possible processes
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Seaton, Dylan St Leger. "The use of remote sensing data to monitor pools along non-perennial rivers in the Western Cape, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7057.
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>Magister Scientiae - MSc<br>The lack of monitoring of non-perennial rivers is a major problem for water resources
management, despite their significance in satisfying agricultural, economic and recreational
needs. Pools in non-perennial rivers are not monitored, due to their remoteness. Remote
sensing offers a promising alternative for the monitoring of changes in water storage in these
pools.
This study aims to assess the extent to which remotely-sensed datasets can be used to monitor
the spatio-temporal changes of water storage of pools along non-perennial rivers in the
Western Cape. The objectives of this study are: (1) to determine a suitable image preprocessing
and classification technique for detecting and monitoring surface water along nonperennial
rivers, and (2) to describe the spatial and temporal changes of water availability of
pools along non-perennial rivers, using remotely sensed datasets.
The Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified NDWI (MNDWI), Normalised
Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Automated Water Extraction Index for shadowed
(AWEIsh) and non-shadowed regions (AWEInsh) and the Multi-Band Water Index (MBWI)
classification techniques were investigated in this study, using the Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8
datasets. In-situ measurements were used to validate the satellite-derived datasets, while the
use of high resolution aerial photography and Digital-Globe WorldView imagery were
further compared to the results. The results suggested that the NDWI is the most suitable
classification technique for identifying water in pools along non-perennial rivers throughout
the Western Cape. The NDWI applied to the Sentinel-2 Top-of-Atmosphere (TOA)
reflectance dataset had the highest overall accuracy of 85%, when compared to the Sentinel-2
Dark Object Subtraction 1 (DOS1) atmospheric correction, Sentinel-2 Sen2Cor atmospheric
correction, Landsat 8 TOA reflectance and Landsat 8 DOS1 atmospheric correction datasets.
The incorporation of atmospheric correction was shown to eliminate surface water pixels in
many of the smaller pools.
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Bnoussaad, Ayman. "Multicriteria Suitability modeling for in-river hydrokinetic turbines: Case of the Hudson River." Master's thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/134513.
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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies<br>The energy of water flowing through rivers 24/7 is one of the most reliable constant forms of clean energy available nowadays, and the potential of hydrokinetic power exploitation is rapidly growing. In this project we have set a framework that traces the hydrological network of the Hudson River, combine the available data on and around the region, considering the physical aspect of the stream; bathymetry and power density, the environmental aspect; protected and critical areas, and the socioeconomic aspect; accessibility and proximity to populated regions, and eventually pick the installation sites of the Hydrokinetic turbines over the stream. Moreover, we were able to explicate the parallels between the different approaches for this same purpose, bringing their differences into relief, while selecting the methodology that best fits the nature of our study. This project is a conceptual framework for articulating experimental guidelines to this state-of-the-art technology of river Hydrokinetic energy converters, to ultimately help decision makers consider more sustainable projects like In-stream-hydro systems as a practical support for the electrical grid, to aid secluded communities, and those surrounding old dammed structures recover. The ultimate goal is to obtain enough energy from clean power sources while making sure that the impact of these energy resources on the environment, economy and society is reduced methodically. The results revealed that: It is possible to effectively take in consideration different aspects
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(physical, environmental, and socioeconomical) that affect the deployment strategy of the turbines’ locations. Selecting the regions over the Hudson River, with the highest potential can be done with more than one method, (the weighted overlay method gave the best results). The picked-out sites of both methods designate regions where high-velocity streams were located, with over 5 meters depth, proximity to populated areas, access to the road network and electrical grid, while maintaining proper distance from the environmental sensitive and protected areas. The validation of these suitable locations however needs further on-site assessment. Although river flow is considerably slower than tides and ocean currents, when the river is perennial (continuous baseflow throughout the year), or have perennial tributaries (free flowing stream that discharges into the main river channel), it provides constant energy flow that can be harnessed using the power turbines, all year long. This project establishes the significance of incorporating different themes in pinpointing the suitable locations, using solely a GIS-based multi-Criteria analysis approach (MCA), without relying on any other equipment. And it is feasible as long as the necessary data is available.
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Stewart, Siobhan Elaine. "Perennial legume phase and annual crop rotation influences on CO2 and N2O fluxes over two years in the Red River Valley, Manitoba, Canada." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4366.
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Studies have shown that including perennial forages in cropping rotations can increase soil carbon (C) and lower nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions when compared to continuous annual cropping. Research is needed to evaluate the inclusion of a perennial forage in an annual crop rotation on net carbon dioxide (CO2) and N2O fluxes, natural and agronomic drivers of seasonal greenhouse gases (GHGs), and the possibility of using forages as a C sequestration-CO2 mitigation tool. A long-term field experiment site to determine GHG budgets for Red River Valley cropping systems in Manitoba, Canada was used. The site consisted of four plots with the same annual rotation management history. A perennial legume, alfalfa, was grown in 2008 and 2009 on two plots and spring wheat and industrial oilseed-rapeseed grown on the other two plots in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Nitrous oxide and CO2 fluxes were measured continuously using the flux gradient micrometeorological method. For the net study period, the perennial phase sequestered twice the atmospheric CO2 (2070 kg C ha-1) compared to the annual crops. The annual rotation emitted 3.5 times more N2O than the perennial legume phase. When accounting for harvest C removals and considering GHGs in CO2-equivalent (eq.), the perennial legume phase was a net sink of 5440 kg CO2-eq. ha-1 and the annual rotation was a net source of 4500 kg CO2-eq. ha-1 for the two year study period. Information gathered will help bridge missing data gaps in national emission trends and enhance development of Canadian GHG mitigation models.
Books on the topic "Perennial river"
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Workshop, on Sustainable Management of the Shelterbelt Vegetation of River Oases in the Taklimakan Desert (2003 Ürümqi China). Ecophysiology and habitat requirements of perennial plant species in the Taklimakan desert: Contributions to a Workshop on Sustainable Management of the Shelterbelt Vegetation of River Oases in the Taklimakan Desert, Urumqi, April 2-3, 2003. Shaker, 2004.
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India. Ministry of Environment and Forests, ed. Biomapping of some important perennial water bodies in Nagaland. Nagaland Pollution Control Board, 2008.
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Bent, Gardner C. A revised logistic regression equation and an automated procedure for mapping the probability of a stream flowing perennially in Massachusetts. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2006.
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Amazonia: Territorial Struggles on Perennial Frontiers. The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.
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Amazonia: Territorial Struggles on Perennial Frontiers. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Perennial river"
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Raizada, A., and A. C. Rathore. "Rehabilitation of Old River Bed Lands in the Northwest Himalayas Using Perennial Vegetation for Multiple Products." In Agroforestry Solutions for Climate Change and Environmental Restoration. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5004-7_15.
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Huntley, David, Drew Rotheram-Clarke, Kelvin Sattler, and David Elwood. "Surficial Geology and Geomorphology of the North Slide, Thompson River Valley, British Columbia, Canada: Application of Fundamental Geoscience Information to Interpretations of Geospatial Monitoring Results." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44296-4_10.
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AbstractOur study focuses on a slow-moving landslide in the Thompson River valley, south-central British Columbia, Canada, that has posed a hazard to the national railway transportation corridor since 1880. Real-time kinematic global navigation satellite systems, unoccupied aerial vehicles, and satellite synthetic aperture radar interferometry time-series show significant displacement encroaching on railway infrastructure. In this paper, geospatial relationships between landslide distribution and specific terrain features, and the environmental conditions triggering instability are determined from field-based geological observations. We describe how earth material stratigraphy, textures, and penetrative planar structures are important controls on sub-surface drainage, and how these factors influence the style, timing, and rate of slope displacement. West of the railway tracks, slide scarps extend across the toe slope, corresponding to narrow zones of high displacement, presence of perennial springs and seepage, and cutbank erosion along the river channel. Fluvial incision exposes weak, failure-prone units at the base of the fill sequence, and with ongoing channel migration promotes instability by altering landslide toe geometry. Currently, the zone of potential displacement does not extend upslope into the inactive (1880) main slide body, east of the tracks. Seasonal variations in hydrogeological conditions influence the spatial and temporal patterns of surface water and groundwater flow, in turn controlling the distribution of translational-rotational displacement of slide blocks, and rates of movement on reactivated shear surfaces that extend under Thompson River. Slope failure occurs along weak, sub-horizontal shear zones within poorly drained glaciolacustrine clay and silt units, overlain by rapidly drained glaciofluvial outwash gravel, and imperfectly drained till diamicton. River levels exert a complex control on landslide stability, influencing hydraulic gradients within the basal glaciolacustrine unit, particularly along rupture surfaces within it. Ground displacement occurs while river levels are at their lowest between February and March, before peak flows in June, or after July until December while storm-fed river levels progressively lower to the next winter minimum. Groundwater levels remain elevated in the slide body throughout the year, contained in porous gravel and sand beds, and along brittle fractures and sub-horizonal shear zones in silt-clay varve beds. Geospatial and temporal change-detection monitoring of active landslides and at-risk infrastructure, when benchmarked with terrain and hydrogeological observations, is a cost-effective hazard management practice that provides important geoscience information to help develop appropriate early warning, mitigation, adaptation, and risk reduction measures.
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Tanimonure, V. A. "Underutilised Indigenous Vegetables’ (UIVs) Business in Southwestern Nigeria: Climate Adaptation Strategies." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_204-1.
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AbstractThe impact of climate change, especially on agricultural sector, calls for a global and more localized strategies such as cultivation of underutilized indigenous vegetables (UIVs) which adapt better to local climate change. This chapter, therefore, examines the perception of UIVs farmers to climate change, their experiences of UIVs’ responses to climate change, adaptation strategies employed, and the determinants of the decision to adopt them in Southwest Nigeria. The study uses quantitative and qualitative primary household data from 191 UIVs farmers, 8 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and secondary climate data from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency. Descriptive and econometric analyses are employed in the data analyses. The results show that farmers’ perceptions of climate change are high temperature and a high variability in rainfall pattern that has affected the yield, increased insects, pests, and diseases infestations, and reduced soil fertility. The results further show that the responses of UIVs to these resultant effects differ as such, and adaptation strategies farmers adopt are UIVs-specific. The adaptation strategies mostly employed by the UIVs farmers are cultivating UIVs along the river bank and the least is agroforestry and perennial plantation. The determinants of the decision to adopt adaptation strategies include UIVs revenue, age, years of experience, access to climate information, climate change awareness, agro ecological zone, and access to credit. Thus, promotion of UIVs business is advocated and provision of information on climate change essential and will encourage farmers to adopt appropriate climate change adaptation strategies to boost UIVs business.
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Tanimonure, V. A. "Underutilized Indigenous Vegetables’ (UIVs) Business in Southwestern Nigeria: Climate Adaptation Strategies." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_204.
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AbstractThe impact of climate change, especially on agricultural sector, calls for a global and more localized strategies such as cultivation of underutilized indigenous vegetables (UIVs) which adapt better to local climate change. This chapter, therefore, examines the perception of UIVs farmers to climate change, their experiences of UIVs’ responses to climate change, adaptation strategies employed, and the determinants of the decision to adopt them in Southwest Nigeria. The study uses quantitative and qualitative primary household data from 191 UIVs farmers, 8 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and secondary climate data from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency. Descriptive and econometric analyses are employed in the data analyses. The results show that farmers’ perceptions of climate change are high temperature and a high variability in rainfall pattern that has affected the yield, increased insects, pests, and diseases infestations, and reduced soil fertility. The results further show that the responses of UIVs to these resultant effects differ as such, and adaptation strategies farmers adopt are UIVs-specific. The adaptation strategies mostly employed by the UIVs farmers are cultivating UIVs along the river bank and the least is agroforestry and perennial plantation. The determinants of the decision to adopt adaptation strategies include UIVs revenue, age, years of experience, access to climate information, climate change awareness, agro ecological zone, and access to credit. Thus, promotion of UIVs business is advocated and provision of information on climate change essential and will encourage farmers to adopt appropriate climate change adaptation strategies to boost UIVs business.
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SAID, RUSHDI. "PERENNIAL IRRIGATION." In The River Nile. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-041886-5.50025-4.
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Stacy, Jason. "Frontiers." In Spoon River America. University of Illinois Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043833.003.0004.
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Chapter 3 considers the significance of the 1893 World’s Fair on contemporary notions of the Midwest as representative of the nation’s future. We follow Masters to Chicago, where he worked as a lawyer with Clarence Darrow, campaigned for the perennial presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan, and failed to find an audience for his reform-focused literature. After struggling to find a venue for his writing, Masters tried to appeal to nascent modernist sensibilities exemplified by Harriet Monroe’s Poetry magazine. In Spoon River Anthology, first published in Reedy’s Mirror in 1914, Masters synthesized his memories of Petersburg and Lewistown in poetry that emulated the modernist style of younger poets like Ezra Pound and Hilda Doolittle and he found acceptance among readers of early modernist verse.
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Dancey, C., J. Almedeij, and P. Diplas. "Do perennial and ephemeral streams represent parts of the same continuum?" In River, Coastal and Estuarine Morphodynamics. Taylor & Francis, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439833896.ch13.
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Gregory, Mary. "Cephalotaceae." In Anatomy of the Dicotyledons. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198547921.003.0019.
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Abstract This is a monospecific family; Cephalotus follicularis Labill. is a perennial carnivorous pitcher plant with an underground rhizome and a basal rosette of leaves. It grows only in coastal marshes between Donelly River and Cheyney beach, SW Australia, where the soil is wet in winter but may dry out in summer.
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Talchabhadel, Rocky, Kenji Kawaike, and Hajime Nakagawa. "Temporary De-Poldering for a Long Term Flood/Sediment Management in the Southwestern Bangladesh." In River Basin Management - Sustainability Issues and Planning Strategies. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95265.
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Southwestern Bangladesh has been seriously affected by perennial waterlogging over the last few decades. It is primarily due to excessive riverbed siltation outside the polders after the construction of embankments along both sides of the tidal rivers. These embankments de-linked the huge natural floodplains and restricted a gradual process of natural deposition inside the polders. An introduction of the tidal basin concept by temporary de-poldering (embankment cut) at some designated locations has substantially solved the issues. The current chapter looks at the historical practice of flood/sediment management, the evolution of embankments and their de-poldering, inclusion of Tidal River Management (TRM) in long term flood/sediment management, and discusses a technical aspect of flood/sediment dynamics across the tidal river system. The process of restoring beneficial tidal flooding by cutting embankment at certain locations, commonly known as TRM, is not a novel method. The TRM has started from age-old practice and proves technically one of the effective methods of sustainable flood/sediment management in the tide-dominated river system. It is an example of building with nature, where little human interventions are needed, and a resilient measure for waterlogging, drainage-congestion, and river-siltation.
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"INTRODUCTION. A River, Remade: Making Subjects on the Perennial Nile." In The Lived Nile. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781503609662-003.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Perennial river"
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Tiedemann, Kenneth H. "Suspended Sediment Flux in Perennial River Systems: Determinants of Yield Levels." In Artificial Intelligence and Applications. ACTAPRESS, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2013.794-069.
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Tiedemann, Kenneth H. "Suspended Sediment Flux in Perennial River Systems: Determinants of Yield Variability." In Artificial Intelligence and Applications. ACTAPRESS, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2013.794-068.
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Zipper, Samuel, Ilinca Popescu, Kyle Compare, Chi Zhang, and Erin Seybold. "GROUNDWATER-DRIVEN ALTERNATIVE STABLE STATES IN A LARGE NON-PERENNIAL RIVER." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-380136.
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EL-NAKIB, SANIA, IBRAHIM ALAMEDDINE, MAJDI ABOU NAJM, and MAY MASSOUD. "QUANTIFYING THE SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF WATER QUALITY IN AN URBANIZING PERENNIAL MEDITERRANEAN RIVER: THE CASE OF THE BEIRUT RIVER." In WATER POLLUTION 2018. WIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp180191.
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Ninov, Plamen, and Tzviatka Karagiozova. "MONITORING AND INVESTIGATION OF INTERMITTENT RIVERS IN BULGARIA." In XXVII Conference of the Danubian Countries on Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Bases of Water Management. Nika-Tsentr, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/uhmi.conference.01.01.
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River flows could be defined according to their surface hydrologic stream duration as either perennial or temporary. Normally perennial streams flow throughout the year, while temporary streams lack surface flow for some periods of the year. Temporary streams are classified as intermittent or ephemeral. Intermittent streams flow in some periods as result of snowmelt and eventually elevated groundwater tables during the periods of increased precipitations. Intermittent streams are poorly represented in existing river monitoring programs in Bulgaria and seldom are objects of regular monitoring. Only in several gauging stations exist hydrological time series. Furthermore, intermittent and ephemeral streams are not adequately protected by current legislation and management strategies in Bulgaria and generally are neglected. The authors discuss the climatic, hydrological and soil conditions in different part of the country as the major factors determining their origin and distribution. Covering the whole territory of Bulgaria the authors identify four main types of intermittent streams as: 1) intermittent flows as result of Mediterranean climatic impact located in the southern part of the country; 2) sinking intermittent flows as result of specific geological and soil characteristics, 3) intermittent flows in large karst and loess areas and finally 4) the sinking flows in alluvium depositions mainly along the large mainstreams. Nevertheless, the limited number of gauging stations built up at these rivers some hydrological information is collected and statistical results are presented as duration curves of temporal rivers, hydrographs with seasonal characteristics etc. Intermittent streams have a hydrologic flow regime with very specific characteristics that place them as interact between land and water. Unfortunately, in Bulgaria there are poorly mapped, recognized, and protected but they have a critical influence on the ecological health of networks. There exists a strong need for new approaches to scientifically study, the structure and function of temporal streams. The construction of monitoring network for the regular registration of their hydrological regime is surely the first required step for their future detailed ingestions, use and protection.
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Атаев, Э. А., Г. Р. Базарова, and Е. А. Курошина. "Bioecological features of plants of the Karakum Desert and their introduction in the Botanical Garden of Turkmenistan." In МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ АССОЦИАЦИЯ АКАДЕМИЙ НАУК СОВЕТ БОТАНИЧЕСКИХ САДОВ СТРАН СНГ ПРИ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ АССОЦИАЦИИ АКАДЕМИЙ НАУК Информационный бюллетень. Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35102/cbgcis.2022.34.81.009.
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Флора Туркменистана распространена в трех крупных физико-географических районах: горы, пустыня и речные долины, она насчитывает около 3000 видов высших цветковых растений: деревья, кустарники, кустарнички, полукустарники, полукустарнички, многолетние и однолетние травы – коротко- и длительно-вегетирующие. Мы в своей работе использовали представителей псаммофильной флоры пустыни Каракумы Туркменистана, интродуцированных в Ботаническом саду. Жизненные формы – кустарники, полукустарники, многолетние травы. Ботанические семейства, роды даны по В.В. Никитину, А.М. Гельдиханову (1988). The flora of Turkmenistan is distributed in three large physical and geographical regions: mountains, desert and river valleys, it has about 3,000 species of higher flowering plants: trees, shrubs, shrubs, semi-shrubs, semi-shrubs, perennial and annual grasses - short- and long-vegetating. In our work, we used representatives of the psammophilous flora of the Karakum desert of Turkmenistan introduced in the Botanical Garden. Life forms - shrubs, shrubs, perennial grasses. Botanical families, genera are given according to V.V. Nikitin, A.M. Geldikhanov (1988).
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Boaghe, L., Iu Rozloga, M. Gamurar, and N. Șalaghina. "THE IMPACT OF IRRIGATION WITH DNIESTER RIVER WATER ON THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM." In Scientific and practical conference with international participation "Geo- and bioecological problems of the middle and lower Dniester river basin". A.O. Asociația Internațională a Păstrătorilor Râului Eco-TIRAS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.70739/gbp2024.06.
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The article presents the results of the impact of drip irrigation of perennial plantations on the main physico-chemical properties of leached chernozem of the Central Zone of the Republic of Moldova. The water used for irrigation was hydrocarbonate-calcium water from the Dniester River, which by its chemical composition meets the ecological requirements for irrigation water. Under the existing alkaline potential of the used irrigation water, the process of soil decalcification was observed; the ratio of the sum of bivalent to univalent cations in the soil absorbing complex decreased; and the resistance to soda of the leached irrigated chernozem decreased as a result of the neutralisation of hydrolytic acidity.
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Боинчан, Б. П. "ЗДОРОВАЯ ПОЧВА - ОСНОВА ПЕРЕХОДА К БОЛЕЕ УСТОЙЧИВЫМ, В ТОМ ЧИСЛЕ К ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИМ СИСТЕМАМ ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЯ, В УСЛОВИЯХ ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО ПОТЕПЛЕНИЯ". У Scientific and practical conference with international participation "Geo- and bioecological problems of the middle and lower Dniester river basin". A.O. Asociația Internațională a Păstrătorilor Râului Eco-TIRAS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.70739/gbp2024.08.
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Improving soil health is one of the main conditions for the transition to a more sustainable and resilient agricultural system, including to organic agriculture. Soil should be considered as living organism, able to function when the nutrients and the uncompensated mineralizational losses of soil organic matter are returned back in the soil. Respecting crop rotations with a higher diversity of crops, especially perennial herbaceous crops, applying organic fertilizers, reduction or avoiding mechanical disturbance of the soil are the basics for improving soil health and the transition to a more sustainable farming system.
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Bhobe, Atul. "Planning, Design and Construction of Cable Stayed Bridge on river Zuari in the State of Goa, India." In IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.2074.
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<p>National Highway 66 (NH 66) runs North-South in the state of Goa and is the lifeline of the state. Around the centre of this highway, river Zuari runs East-West and needs to be bridged to connect North and South. The existing bridge is 2 lanes and under repair and rehabilitation for the last 2 decades and has severely reduced load carrying capacity thereby creating a long detour for heavy vehicles to traverse North-South. Besides, the local traffic of light vehicles has also increased substantially over the last 2 decades rendering this location critical for passage of traffic. There is therefore, a perennial traffic bottleneck at this location.</p>
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Koutalakis, P., G. N. Zaimes, G. Gkiatas, I. Kasapidis, G. Pagonis, and M. Xinogalos. "USING TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING SURVEYING TECHNIQUES TO CAPTURE THE CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY CHANGE AFTER HIGH FLOWS." In Scientific and practical conference with international participation "Geo- and bioecological problems of the middle and lower Dniester river basin". A.O. Asociația Internațională a Păstrătorilor Râului Eco-TIRAS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.70739/gbp2024.34.
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The monitoring of the stream’s geometry and its temporal or permanent alterations are of high importance in order to understand the process of fluvial geomorphology and to plan river restoration or management activities. Terrestrial laser scanning has been widely used as a method for high-resolution monitoring of fluvial geomorphology. To test the method, we selected four sites to be captured that represent different flow conditions, specifically perennial, intermittent and ephemeral flow. All of them are typical of the Aggitis basin and entire Greek territory. We hypothesized that heterogeneity would increase between adjacent plots in each site and among all sites. Fluvial geomorphologic changes were recorded in all sites, particularly in sites where vegetation was limited or absence. TLS was highly helpful for the fluvial geomorphologic mapping especially in torrential sites (absence of limited water resources) and sparse vegetation.
Reports on the topic "Perennial river"
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Albright, Jeff, Kim Struthers, Lisa Baril, John Spence, Mark Brunson, and Ken Hyde. Natural resource conditions at Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Findings & management considerations for selected resources. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293112.
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Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (GLCA) encompasses more than 0.5 million ha (1.25 million ac) and extends over 322 km (200 mi) from its northern boundary in southern Utah to its southern boundary in northern Arizona. It is one of the most rugged, remote, and floristically diverse national parks on the Southern Colorado Plateau (Thomas et. al 2005) and has more than 4,900 km (3,045 mi) of waterways flowing through its eight Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC 8) watersheds. GLCA’s larger perennial rivers include the Colorado, Escalante, Dirty Devil, San Juan, and Paria, with smaller perennial and intermittent streams flowing into each of these rivers. After the creation of the Glen Canyon Dam, Lake Powell formed, covering 13% of the park’s total land area when full and the national recreation area attracts over 4 million visitors annually, and in 2019 GLCA ranked 19th highest in recreational visits out of all national parks. The National Park Service Natural Resource Condition Assessment Program selected GLCA to pilot its new NRCA project series. NRCA projects evaluate the best available science to provide park managers with reliable, actionable information pertaining to natural resource conditions in their park. For the park-selected focal study resources, this includes consideration of drivers and stressors known or suspected of influencing resource conditions; assessment of current conditions and trends for indicators of condition; and potential near-term and future activities or actions managers can consider, improving their knowledge and management of natural resources in parks. For focal resources that lack adequate data to assess current conditions, a gap analysis is provided (in lieu of a condition assessment) to highlight the present status of knowledge of the resource and to suggest useful indicators, data, and studies for further consideration and investigation. Park managers are encouraged to identify information needs and pose questions during the NRCA scoping process, with the understanding that information will be provided to help address those needs and answer those questions when possible. For a comprehensive list of GLCA managers’ questions and needs, please refer to Appendix A, Table A-1. The focus of GLCA’s NRCA study was the water-dependent resources—tinajas, springs & seeps, including water quality, riparian zone, amphibians, including the northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens), and small, native fishes—that are found off the mainstem Colorado River. Managers were interested in these particular environments and the natural resources that depend on them because they are less studied, and the habitats are “biodiversity hotspots” due to the intersection of complex desert and freshwater ecosystems in a region limited by water. The following summaries highlight the key findings of GLCA’s focal resource drivers and stressors (Chapter 2), states (Chapter 3), and manager responses (Chapter 4).
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Getsinger, Kurt, John Madsen, John Skogerboe, and Steve Hoyle. Field evaluations of diquat for controlling submersed flowering rush in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2025. https://doi.org/10.21079/11681/49677.
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The invasive plant flowering rush (Butomus umbellatus L.) was first observed in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho, within the Columbia River basin in 2008, and it covered several hundred hectares by 2016. Dense infestations of this perennial weed destroy native plant communities and seriously degrade fish and wildlife habitat. Sometimes growing as an emergent on saturated soils or in shallow water, the plant also forms persistent submersed stands in deeper water, which is the typical growth form in Lake Pend Oreille. In 2016, field trials evaluated the herbicide diquat dibromide, formulated as the product Reward, for controlling submersed flowering rush. A 4 ha plot in Oden Bay was treated with diquat at a rate of 18.7 L/ha in late summer 2016 and again in 2017 using a subsurface injection method by boat. Water exchange processes were measured in treated plots in 2017 with rhodamine WT dye mixed with the herbicide. Flowering rush shoots were reduced by 87% in 2016 and 29% in 2017. No adverse effects were measured on water quality (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and conductivity). Diquat should be added to the project’s operational management strategy for controlling flowering rush in Lake Pend Oreille.
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Livensperger, Carolyn, Rebecca Weissinger, Luke Gommermann, and Alice Wondrak Biel. Riparian monitoring of wadeable streams on the Fremont River, Capitol Reef National Park, 2009?2021. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301391.
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The goal of Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) riparian monitoring is to deter-mine long-term trends in hydrologic, geomorphic, and vegetative properties of wadeable streams in the context of changes in other ecological drivers, stressors, and processes. This information is intended to provide early warning of resource degradation and determine natural variability of wadeable streams. This report summarizes NCPN monitoring of the Fremont River in Capitol Reef National Park (NP) from water years 2009 to 2021. The focus of this report is to (1) examine patterns in water availability at one monitoring reach from 2010 to 2021, and (2) present geomorphology and vegetation data from four reaches monitored from 2009 to 2021. Vegetation sampling and geomorphology surveys were completed at varying intervals throughout the time period; this report looks at changes within single reaches and establishes a baseline for future comparisons. There are four monitoring reaches established on the Fremont River: (1) F-01, approximately 2.5 kilometers upstream of a knickpoint (sharp change in channel slope) and associated waterfall that emerged following construction of State Highway 24 in 1964, (2) F-07, in a large oxbow that was cut off due to the highway construction, (3) F-04, approximately 1.5 kilometers downstream of the knickpoint, and (4) F-14, approximately 4.8 kilometers downstream of the knickpoint. Geomorphic and vegetation surveys took place at all reaches. Hydrologic monitoring occurred only at F-01. From 2001 to 2021, the entire range of flows recorded at a gaging station on the Fremont River upstream of the park near Bicknell, Utah, decreased, with the steepest decreases occurring in the highest flow percentiles. Continuous hydrologic monitoring at reach F-01 in the park from 2010 to 2021 showed perennial flows in the Fremont River, with lower flows during the irrigation season (April 1?October 31). The irrigation season was also characterized by greater evapotranspiration, which may be exacerbated in the future due to higher air temperatures. Lower observed inputs and greater evapotranspiration suggest the Fremont River is at risk for progressively lower flows over time. While overbank flows occurred infrequently in the monitoring reach, inhibiting cottonwood recruitment, groundwater levels remained shallow enough to support mature cottonwood trees. Protecting spring snowmelt flows of 94 cfs (the average annual maximum 14-day rolling mean at reach F-01), or greater should maintain the current wetland vegetated zone. Maintaining the hydrologic record was challenging due to high-magnitude flood events and turbid flows; the park should consider a gaging station for an accurate discharge record. Geomorphic surveys showed net sediment deposition at reaches F-01 and F-14 in the channels, banks, and floodplains from 2009 to 2021, with more deposition occurring earlier in the study period. A large flood event in 2013 resulted in high flows and deposition of close to one meter at F-01. Only localized erosion occurred, and thalweg surveys showed that stream channels were either stable or increasing in elevation. Reach F-07, the abandoned oxbow, exhibited little geomorphic change over the study period. Riparian vegetation was characteristic of a Fremont cottonwood woodland, with canopy closure up to 30% and a mixed understory of shrubs and herbaceous species. Obligate wetland vegetation cover of 5%?10% was present at reaches F-01, F-04, and F-14. Reach F-07, in the oxbow, has transitioned to an upland system, with little to no canopy cover and no obligate wetland species. While mature cottonwoods were present in reaches F-01, F-04, and F-14, there was limited evidence of seedlings or saplings graduating into larger size classes. Cottonwood seedlings are primarily resprouts from beaver-browsed trees, although one seedling recruitment event was observed in 2014, following high flows in late 2013. Protecting some cottonwoods with chicken wire may help protect the larger size classes and maintain a mixed-age woodland. Exotic plant species cover was less than 10% in reaches F-01, F-04, and F-14. Efforts to control Russian olive (Eleagnus angustifolia) along the Fremont River appear to have been successful in these reaches. In reach F-07, exotic plant cover ranged from 9% to 25%, with notable spikes in Russian thistle (Salsola tragus) and cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) in 2010 and 2011, respectively.
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McDonald, Jacob, Eric Starkey, and Wendy Wright. Wadeable stream suitability assessment for long-term monitoring: Ocmulgee National Monument. National Park Service, 2019. https://doi.org/10.36967/2259872.
Full textAbstract:
The Southeast Coast Network Monitoring Wadeable Stream Habitat Conditions in Southeast Coast Network Parks: Protocol Narrative (McDonald 2018a) was developed to provide insight into the status of, and trends in, stream and near-channel habitat conditions in wadeable streams at national parks, recreation areas, battle fields, and monuments in Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina (McDonald et al. 2018a). These parks include Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT), Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO), Congaree National Park (CONG), Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE), and Ocmulgee National Monument (OCMU). The number of reaches surveyed at each park is dependent on the size of the park and the number of wadeable streams within park boundaries. Reaches selected for monitoring (1) are representative of the processes influencing the streams in each park; (2) can address current and anticipated management concerns, and (3) offer the most utility for future complementary studies. The habitat assessment methods outlined in the protocol rely on standard data collection methods and standard operating procedures currently in use by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Forest Service, modified to meet the needs of National Park Service (NPS) managers. he purpose of this report is to document the stream suitability survey conducted at Ocmulgee National Monument to determine which streams should be chosen for long-term monitoring. Over the course of three days (January 17, 2017; May 22, 2017; and December 6, 2018), twelve stream segments were assessed for suitability for long-term monitoring. Stream segment suitability was based on whether the stream (1) could be safely accessed, (2) was part of a single channel, wadeable stream system, and (3) was not greatly influenced by upstream impoundments. Of the twelve stream segments identified in GIS or in consultation with park staff, three were determined to be suitable for long-term monitoring, one was classified as potentially suitable (listed as “maybe”), three were determined to not be suitable for long-term monitoring, and five did not meet the criteria used to define the stream channel sample frame outlined in the protocol (i.e., perennial, single channel, wadeable stream). The streams selected will provide comparisons between similar streams and/or be representative of similar streams within the park and/or network. The following report provides an overview of the methods used to assess the suitability of each stream segment and provides a description of the streams assessed.
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McDonald, Jacob, and Wendy Wright. Wadeable stream suitability assessment for long-term monitoring: Horseshoe Bend National Military Park. National Park Service, 2019. https://doi.org/10.36967/2265988.
Full textAbstract:
The Southeast Coast Network Monitoring Wadeable Stream Habitat Conditions in Southeast Coast Network Parks: Protocol Narrative (McDonald 2018a) was developed to provide insight into the status of, and trends in, stream and near-channel habitat conditions in wadeable streams at national parks, recreation areas, battle fields, and monuments in Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina. These parks include Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT), Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO), Congaree National Park (CONG), Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE), and Ocmulgee National Monument (OCMU). The number of reaches surveyed at each park is dependent on the size of the park and the number of wadeable streams within park boundaries. Reaches selected for monitoring (1) are representative of the processes influencing the streams in each park; (2) can address current and anticipated management concerns, and (3) offer the most utility for future complementary studies. The habitat assessment methods outlined in the protocol rely on standard data collection methods and standard operating procedures currently in use by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Forest Service, modified to meet the needs of National Park Service (NPS) managers. This report documents the stream suitability assessment conducted at Horseshoe Bend National Military Park to determine which streams should be chosen for long-term monitoring. On April 10, 2019, nine stream segments were assessed. Stream segment suitability was based on whether the stream (1) could be safely accessed, (2) was part of a single channel, wadeable stream system, and (3) was not greatly influenced by upstream impoundments. Of the nine stream segments identified in GIS or in consultation with park staff, two were determined to be suitable for long-term monitoring, three were classified as potentially suitable (listed as “maybe”), and four were determined to not be suitable for long-term monitoring. Of the two streams determined to be suitable for monitoring, one was chosen for the initial round of monitoring (pH05— ‘Claybed Creek’). This stream was chosen because it was the only stream in the park classified in the high definition National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) as perennial. If additional resources are available during the next round of monitoring, it is suggested that the other suitable stream (pH01—‘Salamander Creek’) be added to the monitoring program. The following report provides an overview of the methods used to assess the suitability of each stream segment and provides a description of the assessed streams.
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Beason, Scott, Taylor Kenyon, Robert Jost, and Laurent Walker. Changes in glacier extents and estimated changes in glacial volume at Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, USA from 1896 to 2021. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299328.
Full textAbstract:
Surface area of glaciers and perennial snow within Mount Rainier National Park were delineated based on 2021 aerial Structure-from-Motion (SfM) and satellite imagery to document changes to glaciers over the last 125 years. These extents were compared with previously completed databases from 1896, 1913, 1971, 1994, 2009, and 2015. In addition to the glacial features mapped at the Park, any snow patches noted in satellite- and fixed-wing- acquired aerial images in September 2021 were mapped as perennial snowfields. In 2021, Mount Rainier National Park contained a total of 28 named glaciers which covered a total of 75.496 ± 4.109 km2 (29.149 ± 1.587 mi2). Perennial snowfields added another 1.938 ± 0.112 km2 (0.748 ± 0.043 mi2), bringing the total perennial snow and glacier cover within the Park in 2021 to 77.434 ± 4.221 km2 (29.897 ± 1.630 mi2). The largest glacier at Mount Rainier was the Emmons Glacier, which encompasses 10.959 ± 0.575 km2 (4.231 ± 0.222 mi2). The change in glacial area from 1896 to 2021 was -53.812 km2 (-20.777 mi2), a total reduction of 41.6%. This corresponds to an average rate of -0.430 km2 per year (-0.166 mi2 × yr-1) during the 125 year period. Recent changes (between the 6-year period of 2015 to 2021) showed a reduction of 3.262 km2 (-1.260 mi2) of glacial area, or a 4.14% reduction at a rate of -0.544 km2 per year ( 0.210 mi2 × yr-1). This rate is 2.23 times that estimated in 2015 (2009-2015) of -0.244 km2 per year (-0.094 mi2 × yr-1). Changes in ice volume at Mount Rainier and estimates of total volumes were calculated for 1896, 1913, 1971, 1994, 2009, 2015, and 2021. Volume change between 1971 and 2007/8 was -0.65 km3 ( 0.16 mi3; Sisson et al., 2011). We used the 2007/8 LiDAR digital elevation model and our 2021 SfM digital surface model to estimate a further loss of -0.404 km3 (-0.097 mi3). In the 50-year period between 1971 and 2021, the glaciers and perennial snowfields of Mount Rainier lost a total of -1.058 km3 (-0.254 mi3) at a rate of -0.021 km3 per year (-0.005 mi3 × yr-1). The calculation of the total volume of the glaciers during various glacier extent inventories at Mount Rainier is not straightforward and various methods are explored in this paper. Using back calculated scaling parameters derived from a single volume measurement in 1971 and estimates completed by other authors, we have developed an estimate of glacial mass during the last 125-years at Mount Rainier that mostly agree with volumetric changes observed in the last 50 years. Because of the high uncertainty with these methods, a relatively modest 35% error is chosen. In 2021, Mount Rainier’s 28 glaciers contain about 3.516 ± 1.231 km3 (0.844 ± 0.295 mi3) of glacial ice, snow, and firn. The change in glacial mass over the 125-year period from 1896 to 2021 was 3.742 km3 (-0.898 mi3), a total reduction of 51.6%, at an average rate of -0.030 km3 per year ( 0.007 mi3 × yr-1). Volume change over the 6-year period of 2015 to 2021 was 0.175 km3 (-0.042 mi3), or a 4.75% reduction, at a rate of -0.029 km3 per year (-0.007 mi3 × yr-1). This survey officially removes one glacier from the Park’s inventory and highlights several other glaciers in a critical state. The Stevens Glacier, an offshoot of the Paradise Glacier on the Park’s south face, was removed due to its lack of features indicating flow, and therefore is no longer a glacier but instead a perennial snowfield. Two other south facing glaciers – the Pyramid and Van Trump glaciers – are in serious peril. In the six-year period between 2015 and 2021, these two glaciers lost 32.9% and 33.6% of their area and 42.0% and 42.9% of their volume, respectively. These glaciers are also becoming exceedingly fragmented and no longer possess what can be called a main body of ice. Continued losses will quickly lead to the demise of these glaciers in the coming decades. Overall, the glaciers on the south face of the mountain have been rapidly shrinking over the last 125 years. Our data shows a continuation of gradual yet accelerating loss of glacial ice at Mount Rainier, resulting in significant changes in regional ice volume over the last century. The long-term impacts of this loss will be widespread and impact many facets of the Park ecosystem. Additionally, rapidly retreating south-facing glaciers are exposing large areas of loose sediment that can be mobilized to proglacial rivers during rainstorms, outburst floods, and debris flows. Regional climate change is affecting all glaciers at Mount Rainier, but especially those smaller cirque glaciers and discontinuous glaciers on the south side of the volcano. If the regional climate trend continues, further loss in glacial area and volume parkwide is anticipated, as well as the complete loss of small glaciers at lower elevations with surface areas less than 0.2 km2 (0.08 mi2) in the next few decades.
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McDonald, Jacob, M. Gregory, Jeffrey Riley, Eric Starkey, and Wendy Thorsdatter. Monitoring wadeable stream habitat conditions in Southeast Coast Network parks: Protocol narrative. National Park Service, 2018. https://doi.org/10.36967/2254874.
Full textAbstract:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) has initiated a monitoring effort to assess habitat conditions in wadeable streams at national parks, recreation areas, battlefields, and monuments in Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina. This monitoring effort includes Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area, Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park, Congaree National Park, Horseshoe Bend National Military Park, and Ocmulgee National Monument. Stream habitat monitoring was implemented in 2016, and focuses specifically on providing relevant data to assess the physical condition of Piedmont and upper Coastal Plain streams with respect to aquatic and riparian habitats and how these habitats may be changing over time. The habitat assessment methods proposed in this protocol rely on standard data collection methods and standard operating procedures currently in use by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Forest Service that have been modified to better meet the needs of National Park Service (NPS) managers. The Southeast Coast Network’s wadeable stream protocol was developed to begin a monitoring program that will provide insight into the status of, and trends in, stream and riparian habitat conditions. The number of reaches surveyed at each park is dependent on the spatial extent of the park and the total number of wadeable streams that are present within park boundaries. Regardless of the size of the park and the number of reaches that are to be monitored, selected reaches (1) are representative of the processes influencing the streams in each park; (2) can address current and anticipated management concerns, and (3) offer the most utility for future complementary studies. For the purposes of this protocol, wadeable streams are narrowly defined as small- to medium-sized, perennially-flowing waterbodies with identifiable channel banks that can be accessed and traversed without the use of a watercraft. The wadeable streams referred to herein do not include ephemeral channel-like features typically found on large river flood plains and within hillslope gully systems. The objectives of this protocol are to: • Determine the status of upstream watershed characteristics such as basin area, basin slope, and drainage density, and changes to land cover that may affect stream habitat; • Determine the status of and trends in the geomorphic dimensions (cross-sectional morphology) of selected wadeable stream reaches including channel widths, bank characteristics (e.g., heights, angles, and vegetative cover), and reach slope and sinuosity; and • Determine the status of and trends in physical measures of benthic and riparian habitat features present in selected wadeable stream reaches such as the size, type, and distribution of bed sediment and large woody debris, the distribution of geomorphic channel units, and canopy cover. In addition to these monitoring objectives, the data collected under this protocol allows the network to broadly summarize the wadeable stream resources within SECN parks, highlighting similarities and differences in these resources as they relate to stream habitat and geomorphic conditions. This protocol also makes a strong case for the relevance of monitoring wadeable stream habitats by highlighting known issues related to stream habitats in SECN parks; and identifying the important linkages between the physical condition of streams and park resources. Most importantly, the data collected by following this protocol provide early warnings of changing conditions and help to inform managers of major changes in stream channel habitat. Data collected as part of this effort are stored locally on the SECN internal file server and uploaded annually to the Integrated Resource Management Applications (IRMA) website. In addition to utilizing customized data handling and reporting procedures, this protocol, and its accompanying standard operating procedures, sets guidelines for data...