Relevant bibliographies by topics / Performance characteristic of cross-flow turbine

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Performance characteristic of cross-flow turbine'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 14 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Performance characteristic of cross-flow turbine"

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Djoko, Sutikno, Soenoko Rudy, Wahyudi Slamet, and Soeparman Sudjito. "FLOW VISUALIZATION OF WATER JET PASSING THROUGH THE EMPTY SPACE OF CROSS­FLOW TURBINE RUNNER." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 8(99) (2019): 36–42. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2019.154896.

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Hydropower plants are a form of renewable energy resources, which comes from flowing water. The turbine is used to drive the generator then convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The turbine wheel is located inside the turbine housing and the turbine wheel rotates the power shaft. One of the most used turbines is a cross-flow turbine. The pattern of water jet flowing throughout the empty space of the runner of the cross-flow turbine is influenced by the number of active runner blades pounded by water from the turbine nozzle. The difference in the flow patterns was believed having a relation to the performance differences of the three turbine models. The flow visualizations of water passing through the empty space of the cross-flow turbine runner were taken from the experimental study intended to investigate performance characteristics of three cross-flow turbine models designed on the same value of flow rates, runner diameters and rotational speeds; but each turbine model having different values of runner width as well as nozzle entry arc. Both of the nozzle and runner widths were designed as the function of the nozzle entry arc, therefore the shorter pair of runner-nozzle width the larger nozzle entry arc and vice versa. The flow visualizations of water passing on the turbine were studied using the empty space of the cross-flow turbine. The three models were tested on the same head and the same flow rate at the speed of 50, 100, 150, 250, 300 and 500 rpm. The photos of water flowing through the empty space in the turbine model runners were taken to find out the conditions of flow and the efficiency of the models was calculated to show the performance of the turbine. Images are taken within 10 cm and parallel to the turbine. The cross-flow turbine models were designed with 197 mm runner diameter of each and have the ratio of runner diameter to runner length of 1:2. One side of each turbine model end disk was made from transparent media named perspex facilitating the researcher to observe the water flow condition during flowing through inside the runner. The conditions of the flow of water passing through the empty space of turbine wheels were photographed using a Nikon camera equipped with a hallogen lamp having a power of 1000 watts to capture the difference of flow pattern among the three models of the turbine. The nozzle entry arcs used in this experimental study were 75<sup>o</sup>, 90<sup>o</sup>&nbsp;and 120<sup>o</sup>. In addition, the nozzle of each model has the same cross-sectional area and the roof of each was designed having roof curvature radius centered on the shaft axis. Such nozzle roof curvature was expected to be able to deliver water in the better direction as well as its flow condition as the water enters the turbine runner. The magnitude of the nozzle entry arc determines the number of active vanes pounded by the jet of water coming out of the nozzle, these conditions affect the pattern of water flow at the moment of passing through the empty space of the turbine wheel and then this flow pattern was believed to affect the performance characteristic of the cross-flow turbine. One side of each runner disk was made from Perspex, for the researcher to be able to observe the water flow condition during flowing through inside the runner.
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Qi, Mingxu, Xinguo Lei, Zhen Wang, and Chaochen Ma. "Investigation on the flow characteristics of a VNT turbine under pulsating flow conditions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 2 (2017): 396–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017744922.

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The turbines used in turbochargers naturally experience unsteadiness caused by inlet pulsating flow conditions and stator–rotor interaction. The unsteadiness has an influence on turbine performance. Meanwhile, under certain small-nozzle opening conditions, strong shock waves can be generated. The synergistic effect of turbine inlet pulsation and shock waves has a significant influence on the turbine performance, rotor blade loading as well as the excitation force exerted on the turbine rotor, which is responsible for turbine rotor high cycle fatigue. In order to understand the influence of pulsating flows on turbine performance and the shock wave characteristic at nozzle trailing edge as well as the incidence angle characteristic of the rotor blade, unsteady numerical simulations were performed to investigate the effect of pulsating flow conditions on the performance, flow characteristics in frequency domain and shock wave behavior in a variable nozzle turbine. The results indicate that the turbine inlet pressure pulsation has strong influence on the turbine performances. Meanwhile, the turbine inlet pulsation flow has a strong influence on the intensity of the shock wave and clearance leakage flow in the nozzle, which causes significant flow losses in the turbine. In addition, at the turbine rotor inlet, the unsteadiness caused by the turbine inlet pulsation varies significantly along the circumferential direction and spanwise. Up to two-thirds of the unsteadiness caused by the turbine inlet pulsation dissipates before entering the rotor due to the flow dissipation and mixing process along the nozzle streamwise. The excitation force exerted on the rotor blade leading edge caused by the turbine inlet pulsation is about the same level as that caused by the stator–rotor interaction.
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Svrkota, Dragan, Slobodan Tašin, and Živojin Stamenković. "Transient-state analysis of hydropower plants with cross-flow turbines." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 5 (2022): 168781322210988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132221098835.

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Transients in hydropower plants can result in serious disturbances in a plant operation and damage of mechanical and civil components. The best way to prevent such adverse outcomes is to conduct a transient-state analysis using a mathematical model of the hydropower plant system. Based on the collected data on 270 hydropower plants with cross-flow turbines, regression equations were derived that relate a cross-flow turbine specific speed, rated speed, runner diameter and runner width to the rated turbine head and discharge. The obtained equations were used to estimate the turbine performance characteristics using available unit hill charts of three different cross-flow turbines. Finally, the estimated performance characteristics were used to form the boundary condition ‘cross-flow turbine’ within the unsteady 1D mathematical model. The model was validated through case studies by comparing calculated and measured changes in the turbine speed and inlet pressure, induced by sudden load rejection. The difference between the calculated and measured peak pressures was up to 5% during the most critical period, that is, from the moment of load rejection up to the guide vanes closure. In the case of turbine speed, the difference between the peak values was less than 10% in the same period.
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Tanaka, T., K. Otsuka, M. Goto, and S. Iio. "Flow characteristics around a guide vane in cross-flow turbine." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2217, no. 1 (2022): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2217/1/012061.

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Abstract A swing-type guide vane is the most popular in a cross-flow turbine, which controls the water flow rate into the turbine. The flow under the guide vane may turn away from the optimum direction in partial load operation by the flow separation from the guide vane leading edge. Maintaining the ideal velocity triangle at the runner inlet is essential to improve the turbine efficiency and to avoid noise and vibration for partial load operation. It is essential to reveal how the angle and shape of those guide vanes affect the flow behavior at the runner inlet and turbine performance. Therefore, this study focuses on the flow characteristics around the guide vane and at the cross-flow runner inlet. The authors verify the evaluation by CFD simulation and compare turbine performance and internal flow between different operating conditions with two guide vanes, the swing-type, and circular segment type. As a result, it is revealed that the swing-type guide vane affects the flow direction, and especially the flow angle is far from the optimum at partial operation. The circular segment type shows superior performance at partial load than the swing-type guide vane.
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Stefanizzi, Michele, Tommaso Capurso, Marco Torresi, et al. "Development of a 1-D Performance Prediction Model for Pumps as Turbines." Proceedings 2, no. 11 (2018): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2110682.

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Pumps as turbines (PaTs) are becoming more and more attractive in Small Hydropower. PaTs are considered a cost-effective alternative to conventional turbines as long as their turbine characteristic curves can be predicted. Indeed, manufacturers need of a tool that could support them to predict the turbine mode performance from the knowledge of pump characteristics, in order to be competitive on the market. In this framework, a new 1-D prediction model is proposed for manufacturers in order to predict the entire characteristic of a PaT, by taking into account detailed geometrical information of the machine, hydraulic losses and the influence of the flow deflection with respect to the outlet blade angle of the runner during turbine operation.
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Chen, Xiao Ming, Shun Kang, and Wei Zuo. "Research of Wind Shear Dynamic Characteristics of Wind Wheels." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 1888–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.1888.

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In order to accurately analysis the aerodynamic characteristic variations of wind turbines under shear, the influence of axial and shear on the aerodynamic characteristic of a horizontal-axis wind turbine is simulated in this paper by using a sliding grid method based on FlowVision. By using the TJÆREBORG wind turbine as the object of study, a three-dimensional model of a uniform wind flow can be created. The CFD calculation results, the experimental results and the Bladed results can be used to confirm the reliability of the model. In order to investigate the effect of wind shear with regard to three-dimensional unsteady flow characteristics and a three-dimensional flow field in a wind turbine impeller, an analysis of wheel wind speed of 11m/s and an investigation of the influence of wind shear on turbine performance are carried out.
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Assefa, Ephrem Yohannes, and Asfafaw Haileselassie Tesfay. "Effect of Blade Number on Internal Flow and Performance Characteristics in Low-Head Cross-Flow Turbines." Energies 18, no. 2 (2025): 318. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18020318.

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Cross-flow turbines are widely used in microhydropower systems because of their cost-effectiveness, environmental sustainability, adaptability, and robust design. However, their relatively lower efficiency than other turbine types limit their application in large-scale projects. Previous studies have identified poor flow profiles as a significant factor contributing to inefficiency, with the number of blades playing a critical role in the flow behavior, efficiency, and structural stability. This study employed numerical simulations to analyze how varying the number of blades affects the internal flow characteristics and performance of the turbine at, and off, its best operating points. Configurations with 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, and 44 blades were investigated under constant low-head conditions, fully open valve settings, and varying runner speeds. Simulations were performed using ANSYS CFX, incorporating steady-state conditions, a two-phase flow model with a movable free surface, and a shear stress turbulence model. The results indicate that the 28-blade configuration achieved a maximum hydraulic efficiency of 83%, outperforming the preset 24-blade setup by 6%. Flow profiles were examined using pressure and velocity gradients to identify regions of adverse pressure. Due to the impulse nature of the turbine, the flow profile is more sensitive to changes in the flow speed than to pressure. The flow trajectory showed stability in the first stage but exhibited discrepancies in the second stage, which were attributed to turbulence, recirculation, and shaft flow impingement. The observed performance improvements were linked to reduced hydraulic losses due to flow separation and friction, emphasizing the significance of the number of blades and the regions of optimal efficiency under low-head conditions.
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Arcoumanis, C., R. F. Martinez-Botas, J. M. Nouri, and C. C. Su. "Performance and Exit Flow Characteristics of Mixed-Flow Turbines." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 3, no. 4 (1997): 277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1023621x97000262.

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The performance and exit flow characteristics of two mixed-flow turbines have been investigated under steady-state conditions. The two rotors differ mainly in their inlet angle geometry, one has a nominal constant incidence (rotor B) and the other has a constant blade angle (rotor C), but also in the number of blades. The results showed that the overall peak efficiency of rotor C is higher than that of rotor B. Two different volutes were also used for the tests, differing in their cross-sectional area, which confirm that the new larger area volute turbine has a higher efficiency than the old one, particularly at lower speeds, and a fairly uniform variation with velocity ratio.The flow exiting the blades has been quantified by laser Doppler velocimetry. A difference in the exit flow velocity for rotors B and C with the new volute was observed which is expected given their variation in geometry and performance. The tangential velocities near the shroud resemble a forced vortex flow structure, while a uniform tangential velocity component was measured near the hub. The exit flow angles for both rotor cases decreased rapidly from the shroud to a minimum value in the annular core region before increasing gradually towards the hub. In addition, the exit flow angles with both rotors were reduced with increasing rotational speeds. The magnitude of the absolute flow angle was reduced in the case of rotor C, which may explain the improved steady state performance with this rotor. The results also revealed a correlation between the exit flow angle and the performance of the turbines; a reduction in flow angle resulted in an increase in the overall turbine efficiency.
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Zhang, Lan Jin, Lei Wang, and Yan Ren. "Characteristic Analysis of Francis-Turbine in Cooling Tower." Applied Mechanics and Materials 190-191 (July 2012): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.190-191.57.

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The water turbine stands in the cooling water system and drives the fan in the cooling tower, so its flow rate, head and output is limited to the flow rate of cooling water, saved-energy of pump and input of fan separately. The spiral casing dimension of water turbine is limited to the diameter of tower. All above facts make the water turbine of cooling tower be different to that of water power station. The paper introduces one turbine which flow rate is 0.139m/s. Its characteristic of flow passage and hydraulic performance is analyzed, and some new flow passage to improve hydraulic performance is suggested.
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Sutikno, Djoko, Rudy Soenoko, Sudjito Soeparman, and Slamet Wahyudi. "Experimental Study of the Cross Flow Turbine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 836 (June 2016): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.836.304.

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The experimental study was intended to investigate characteristics of the cross flow turbine based to the three models designed on the same runner diameter with different runner length of each. The Flow rates were measured by magnetic flow meter, the forces were detected by using spring balance and turbine speeds were detected by tachometer. The performance characteristics are shown by the relation of Power and efficiency versus jet entry arc, as well as the relation of Power and efficiency versus ratio between diameter and width of runner. The study indicated that the efficiency of the models were slightly difference, the highest efficiency indicated by the turbine with the ratio between length of runner and the diameter of the runner was 2; It was corresponding to the 75 degree entry arc.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Performance characteristic of cross-flow turbine"

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Thomas, François. "Contribution a l'etude des performances d'une petite turbine de suralimentation en regime stationnaire." Paris, ENSAM, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENAM0015.

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Etude d'une turbine radiale de turbocompresseur de suralimentation de moteur. Le calcul est base sur la resolution de l'equation de l'equilibre radial dans la section de sortie de la machine. On se limite a une approche monodimensionnelle de l'ecoulement. Etablissement experimental d'une cartographie des ecarts flux-profil en sortie de roue
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Labassi, Kamel. "Contribution a la maitrise du dimensionnement des turbines hydrauliques "banki-mitchell"." Paris, ENSAM, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENAM0005.

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Dimensionnement d'une turbine hydraulique de type banki-mitchell. Etude de l'ecoulement en fluide parfait au travers de la roue. Puissance effective. Hauteur de chute. Application a des micro-centrales hydrauliques
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Su, Chih-Chun. "Flow characteristics and performance of mixed-flow turbines." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416862.

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Hajilouy-Benisi, A. "Radial inflow turbine : performance characteristics under steady and unsteady flow." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7426.

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Rodrigues, Arnaldo. "Computational investigation of flow regimes and performance characteristics of a pump operating as a turbine." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442089.

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Mohd, Islam. "Studies on the effect of upstream flow conditions on the performance characteristics opf turbine flowmeter." Thesis, 1994. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/2919.

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Book chapters on the topic "Performance characteristic of cross-flow turbine"

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Saini, Gaurav, and R. P. Saini. "Performance Study of Cross Flow Hybrid Hydrokinetic Turbine." In Water Science and Technology Library. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59148-9_17.

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Yadav, Virendra Kumar, and S. K. Singal. "Performance Analysis of Cross-Flow Turbine: Variation in Shaft Diameter." In Water Science and Technology Library. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55125-8_42.

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Bheemalingeswara Reddy, K., Amit C. Bhosale, and R. P. Saini. "Numerical Investigations on the Performance of Cross-Flow Hydrokinetic Turbine." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6616-5_20.

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Abo-Serie, Essam, and Elif Oran. "Flow Simulation of a New Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine with Multiple Blades for Low Wind Speed." In Springer Proceedings in Energy. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30960-1_10.

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AbstractIn this paper, a new design of a small horizontal-axis wind turbine is introduced. The design is based on the authors’ patent, which uses permanent magnets impeded into a shroud that holds the rotor blades. The generator coils are installed on a fixed diffuser that houses the rotor and acts as a wind concentrator. Therefore, the new design has no hub and is based on direct coupling for electricity generation. The main features of the design have been explored to highlight the advantages with a focus on how the new design can be integrated with the recent development of green buildings. The effect of increasing the number of blades and blade chord distribution on turbine performance has been investigated for the new turbine. Initial design and analysis were carried out using the Blade Element Momentum method and CFD simulations to identify the turbine performance and examine the flow characteristics. The results showed that further energy can be extracted from the turbine if the blade chord size increases at the shroud location and reduces at the turbine hub for a low Tip Speed Ratio TSR within the range of 1.5–3. Furthermore, having more blades can significantly increase the power coefficient and extend the range of operation with a high power coefficient. The number of blades, however, has to be optimised to achieve maximum power relative to the cost. Adding a diffuser and flanges surrounding the turbine can further increase the energy extracted from the wind at low speed.
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Li, Peng, Xuan Wu, Fuliang Cheng, and Xueqin Li. "Effect of Paddle Mode on Flow Characteristics of a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) Using CFD Simulations." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7887-4_59.

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Abstract The efficient stirring is crucial for mixing anaerobic bacteria and substrate in a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR). In this study, we propose a CFD model (Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model) to simulate the reactor’s flow characteristics. The standard turbine paddle modes of the CSTR with different shafts and paddle layers were investigated using XFLOW software. The simulation results reveal that the quantity of shafts and layers has significant influences on the flow characteristics of the reactor. Both single-shaft and double-shaft paddles can provide a complete circulation loop. The mixing performance of single-shaft paddles surpasses that of double-shaft paddles. Moreover, the double layer paddles have better mixing performance than the single layer paddles. Therefore, the most favorable paddle mode for a CSTR is the single shaft paddles with double layers.
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Choi, Y. D., J. I. Lim, C. G. Kim, Y. T. Kim, and Y. H. Lee. "CFD Analysis for the Performance of Cross-Flow Hydraulic Turbine with the Variation of Blade Angle." In New Trends in Fluid Mechanics Research. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75995-9_140.

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Harefa, Piter, Muhammad Agung Bramantya, and Joko Waluyo. "Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Number of Runner Blades on a Cross-Flow Turbine Performance." In Advances in Engineering Research. Atlantis Press International BV, 2025. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-772-4_3.

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Nam, Chang-Ho, Soon Young Park, and Yoonwan Moon. "Characteristics of the Effective Cross-Sectional Area Reduction of the Turbine Nozzle Throat and Engine Performance of KSLV-II." In 2023 Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Aerospace Technology (APISAT 2023) Proceedings. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4010-9_91.

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Singh, Harvinder, Manoj Kumar, Satish Kumar, and Swarn Singh. "Corrosion, Wear, Erosion, and Abrasion in Hydropower Plants by Thermal Spray Coatings." In Thermal Spray Coatings: Materials, Techniques & Applications. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815223552124010008.

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Hydropower plants, thermal power plants, offshore, chemical, food processing, oil sectors, etc., all have difficulties with erosion, abrasion, and corrosion regularly. These issues impact a variety of hydraulic equipment and pipeline circuit components (pipelines, elbows, reducers, separators, tees, and seals). One application where these three issues consistently arise is a hydropower plant. However, one of the main issues with Indian hydropower facilities is silt erosion in the hydro-turbines and their parts. Hard particles like quartz, feldspar, and other minerals may be found in Indian rivers. More than 50% of the quartz in the silt contributes to several issues with hydro-turbines, including sediment erosion, leaky flow, disruptions in secondary flow, etc. As a result, these issues have an impact on the hydro-power plant's overall performance. The numerous failures of the components placed in hydropower facilities' impulse and response turbines are discussed in this chapter. Additionally, this chapter provides information on different turbine materials and their characteristics. Based on silt characteristics, material properties, and flow phenomena in various hydro-turbines, several numerical models of erosion abrasion are addressed. Different thermal spraying methods for turbine materials are compared and contrasted. To regulate wear and safeguard hydro-turbines, this chapter reviews the literature on wear mechanisms, models, pilot plant loops or rigs/testers, and protective strategies.
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BENAVIDES-ZADOROZHNA, David Alexander, Olena BENAVIDES, Juan Manuel Tadeo SIERRA GRAJEDA, and Sandra Jazmín FIGUEROA-RAMÍREZ. "Effect of leading edge spherical tubercles on the aerodynamic performance of a 2D wind turbine airfoil at low reynolds numbers using computational fluid dynamics." In Engineering and Applied Sciences. ECORFAN, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35429/h.2023.6.1.8.

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The majority of wind power is currently produced on high wind speed sites by large wind turbine, whereas small wind turbines often operate in light wind conditions. Small capacity wind turbines have not received the same engineering attention as their large counterparts. This is partially due to a number of unique problems that small wind turbines experience. The most relevant are: low operating Reynolds number (Re&lt;500,000) and high angles of attack. Several studies have suggested that flow control devices such as the spherical tubercle could be used to increase lift before stall and generate more power in such situations. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of tubercle amplitude on aerodynamic performance of an airfoil at low-Re numbers (Re=300,000 &amp; Re=400,000). Three amplitudes were considered in this study: A1=0.005c, A2=0.01c, and A3=0.03c. A detailed 2D simulation study is carried out using a calibrated Transition SST k-ω turbulence model to obtain aerodynamic coefficients and flow characteristics. Results indicate that small tubercles perform better overall than larger tubercles. The airfoil with the smallest tubercle outperforms the unmodified airfoil at both studied Reynolds numbers at angles of attack 0° – 4°. The analysis of the aerodynamic coefficients indicates that the improvement of the aerodynamic performance of the airfoils with tubercles is due to the reduction of the drag coefficient. Pressure, intermittency and wall shear stress contours suggest that the overall drag reduction is achieved through the decrease of friction drag.
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Conference papers on the topic "Performance characteristic of cross-flow turbine"

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Zhang, Huisheng, Wenshu Zhang, Zhenhua Lu, and Shilie Weng. "Performance Comparison on Cross-Flow and Counter-Flow Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68540.

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Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a complicated system with heat and mass transfer as well as electrochemical reactions. The flow configuration has great impact on the system performance. Based on the established one dimensional direct internal reforming SOFC mathematical model, with the consideration of the flow, thermal and electrical characteristic, this paper developed the two dimensional mathematical model for both counter-flow and cross-flow types. Plus, the comparison and analysis of the steady distribution are performed. The results reveal that on the geometry parameters and inlet conditions, the outlet temperatures of counter-flow SOFC are lower than that of cross-flow. However, the average temperature of PEN plate is higher than cross-flow, and both the operating voltage and electric efficiency are also higher than that of cross-flow. This will be beneficial for the structure design of SOFC.
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Takeuchi, Kazuki, Junichiro Fukutomi, Hidetoshi Kodani, and Hironori Horiguchi. "Study on Performance and Internal Flow of Cross-Flow Wind Turbine." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45101.

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The wind turbine has become more popular in recent years, but on the other hand, the developments of small wind-turbine have been legging behind. Because, the energy density of wind is small, since the efficiency of the main part of a wind turbine is very low. The construction costs become comparatively high-priced. Then, the main part of this subject is to show that, by collecting and sucking out more winds, a wind turbine is made to pass many winds and the new cross-flow wind turbine that increases an output coefficient is proposed. The cross-flow wind turbine has high torque and low speed characteristics and the structure are very simple. So, it can be used in a large wind velocity region. However, even if the power coefficient is high, it is about 10%. The purpose of this paper is to show how we can improve the power coefficient by applying a casing, which has a nozzle and a diffuser. This research was made to clear up fundamental characteristics of the interaction between outer flow and inner flow. Three kinds of cross-flow wind turbines were designed. The nozzle and diffuser have been designed suitable for the performance of wind turbine. The flow simulations by CFD have been carried out for various types of casings at 20 m/s with Fluent Ver5.0. All Wind tunnel experiments were performed at 20m/s. The case of casing 2, which have plate arranged near the separation point of cylinder, also experimented. The rotor that is settled in the casing 1 shows a larger power coefficient than the case without a casing. The casing of the cross-flow turbine makes a pressure difference between inflow and outflow. The pressure difference increases the mass flow rate. Therefore much more wind passes through into the cross-flow turbine. In this experiment, the power coefficient increased 1.5 times in the case with casing. A still higher output coefficient could be obtained in the case where it is shown by the casing 2.
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Mojaddam, Mohammad, Ali Hajilouy Benisi, and Mohammad Reza Movahhedi. "Investigation on Effect of Centrifugal Compressor Volute Cross-Section Shape on Performance and Flow Field." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69454.

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In this article, the effects of volute cross section shape and centroid profile of a centrifugal compressor volute were investigated. The performance characteristics of a turbocharger compressor were obtained experimentally by measuring rotor speed and flow parameters at the inlet and outlet of the centrifugal compressor. The three dimensional flow field model of the compressor was obtained numerically solving Navier-Stokes equations with SST turbulence model. The compressor characteristic curves were plotted. For model verification, the results were compared with experimental data, showing good agreement. Modification of a volute was performed by introducing a shape factor for volute cross section geometry. By varying this parameter, new volutes were generated and modeled. The effect of volute cross section shape on compressor pressure ratio and efficiency at design rotational speed were investigated. Also pressure non-uniformity around compressor impeller for new cases was calculated and reported. The results showed how the cross section shape of the volute can influence the compressor characteristics and the non-uniformity of circumferential static pressure as well.
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Johnston, Alex, and Martin Wosnik. "Analytical and Numerical Modeling of Performance Characteristics of Cross-Flow Axis Hydrokinetic Turbines." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-07021.

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A model for cross-flow axis hydrokinetic turbines based on blade element theory (BET) was developed. The model combines an extensive experimental and numerical high Reynolds number data set for symmetric airfoils with governing equations to predict performance characteristics of the turbines. The model allows for any number of turbine blades and for variable hydrofoil sweep angles; both straight blade (H-Darrieus) and helical blade (Gorlov) cross-flow axis turbines are modeled. In this model the free stream velocity and the turbine’s rate of rotation are not coupled hydrodynamically, and experimental calibration of the model for a specific turbine design is necessary. The calibrated model is then used with real inflow data from an actual tidal energy site to predict instantaneous power and energy yield over a period of time. Investigation of tip speed ratios allows for predictions of unsteady loadings, optimal performance and power outputs. The model provides the versatility to predict characteristics of many different shapes and sizes of cross-flow axis turbines. Through investigation of turbine stall characteristics predicted by the model, two, turbine-specific tip speed ratios of interest were determined: the critical and optimal tip speed ratios. The “critical tip speed ratio” is defined as the tip speed ratio above which there are no longer regions of negative torque during the turbine rotation. The “optimal tip speed ratio” is defined as the tip speed ratio for which the coefficient of torque, averaged over one rotation, is maximized. It is hypothesized that these tip speed ratios correspond to specific turbine operating points: A turbine operating under no load conditions will spin near the optimal tip speed ratio, and a turbine operating at peak power conditions will spin near the critical tip speed ratio.
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Fukutomi, Junichiro, Toru Shigemitsu, and Masaaki Toyohara. "Performance and Flow Condition of Cross-Flow Wind Turbine With a Symmetrical Casing." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-07009.

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A cross-flow wind turbine has a high torque coefficient at a low tip speed ratio. Therefore, it is a good candidate for use as a self-starting turbine. Furthermore, it has low noise and excellent stability; therefore, it has attracted attention from the viewpoint of applications as a small wind turbine for an urban district. However, its maximum power coefficient is extremely low (10%) as compared to that of other small wind turbines. In order to improve the performance and the flow condition of the cross-flow rotor, symmetrical casing with a nozzle and a diffuser are proposed and experimental research with the symmetrical casing is conducted. The maximum power coefficient is obtained as Cpmax = 0.17 for casing and Cpmax = 0.098 in the case without the casing. In the present study, power characteristics of the cross-flow rotor and those of the symmetrical casing with the nozzle and the diffuser are investigated. Then, the performance and internal flow patterns of the cross-flow wind turbine with the symmetrical casings are clarified. After that, the effect of the side boards set on the symmetrical casing is discussed on the basis of the analysis results.
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Fukutomi, Junichiro, Toru Shigemitsu, and Hiroki Daito. "Study on Performance and Flow Condition of Cross-Flow Wind Turbine With a Symmetrical Casing." In ASME 2009 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2009-78311.

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Wind turbine has been attracted as the technology for clean and renewable energy and many kinds of the researches and the developments are performed. Cross-flow wind turbine has a characteristic of good self-starting, low noise and high stability. Therefore, it is expected as the small-sized wind turbine for urban district. But the maximum power coefficient of the cross-flow wind turbine is extremely low as 10%. Wind in an urban region and a coastal place has a prevailing wind of two directions to occur in a specific condition frequently. Then, a casing suitable for this prevailing wind was designed in this research and the effect of the casing was investigated by experimental and numerical analysis. In the experiment, a wind tunnel with a square discharge 500mm×500mm was used and main flow velocity was set as 20m/s to reduce the influence of measurement error on performance. A torque meter, a rotational speed pickup and a motor were assembled with the same axis at low position of a test wind turbine which was set vertically and rotational speed and tip speed ratio were changeable by a rotational speed controller. The casing was set around the cross-flow rotor and flow distribution at the rotor inlet and the outlet was measured by a one-hole pitot tube. The maximum power coefficient was obtained as Cpmax = 0.19 with the casing, however as Cpmax = 0.098 without the casing. And it was clarified that the inlet and the outlet flow condition was improved by the casing. In the present paper, in order to improve the performance of a cross-flow wind turbine, a symmetrical casing suitable for the prevailing wind of two directions is proposed. Then performance and internal flow condition of the cross-flow wind turbine with the casing is clarified. Furthermore, the influence of a symmetrical casing on performance is discussed and the relation between flow condition and performance is considered.
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Sekar, Jayanth, Arvind Rao, Sreedhar Pillutla, Allen Danis, and Shih-Yang Hsieh. "Liquid Jet in Cross Flow Modeling." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26124.

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All key combustor performance &amp; operability characteristics like emissions, exit profile, durability, LBO etc. have a dependence on spray quality. Hence it is important to accurately predict spray characteristics for accurate combustor modeling. In this paper, a CFD based liquid jet in cross flow spray modeling approach adopted at GE Aviation is presented. Liquid jet in cross flow is a complex phenomenon that broadly involves jet trajectory evolution, surface breakup, column fracture and dispersion of secondary droplet particles. A two-phase steady state Volume of Fluid (VOF) approach is used to predict the liquid jet trajectory. A combination of output from VOF and empirical correlations (Sallam et. al; Oda et. al) is used to predict droplet distribution that includes diameter, velocity components and mass flow rate. Surface breakup is modeled by injecting droplets along the leeward surface of the liquid jet with spanwise perturbation to capture the transverse spread. Jet column breakup is modeled by injecting droplets including effects of unsteady fluctuations empirically to mimic the column fracture behavior. Discrete particles are then transported in a lagrangian frame coupled with secondary breakup of droplets. This approach has been validated on a benchmark quality dataset with an average SMD (Sauter Mean Diameter) error of ∼6 microns and is being used on Gas Turbine combustor fuel-air mixing devices employing liquid jet in cross flow atomizers.
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Choi, Young-Do, Jea-Ik Lim, You-Taek Kim, and Young-Ho Lee. "Internal Flow Characteristics of Cross-Flow Hydraulic Turbine With the Variation of Nozzle Shape." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37541.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the optimum configuration of nozzle shape to further optimize the cross-flow hydraulic turbine structure and improve the performance. The results show that CFD analysis for the cross-flow turbine can be adopted as a useful method to examine the internal flow and turbine performance in detail. Pressure on the runner blade in Stage 1 and velocity at nozzle outlet have close relation to the turbine performance. The performance characteristics of cross-flow turbine have both impulse turbine and reaction turbine simultaneously.
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Huang, Jinzhi, Shengli Xu, Haitao Liu, and Xiaofang Wang. "Robust Performance Optimization of Centrifugal Compressor Volute With a Rectangular Cross-Section." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42979.

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This paper aimed to improve the volute’s efficiency at both design point and off-design conditions by a robust shape optimization of the volute cross section. The objective function was to maximize the minimal value among volute static pressure coefficient at 90 percent, 100 percent and 110 percent of design flow rate respectively. The design parameters included the cross-section shape of volute and the radial position of volute cross-section. The optimization problem was solved by constrained optimization using response surfaces (CORS) method. During the process of optimization, three dimensional flow fields were analyzed using Navier-Stokes equations with SST model. The comparative results showed that the optimal volute had higher efficiency, higher static pressure recovery coefficient and lower total pressure loss coefficient and achieved an increase of 7 percent of efficiency at both design point and off-design conditions. The characteristic curves of the optimal volute changed more smoothly than those of the original one. The compressor’s overall efficiency also had an increase of 0.4 percent for the optimal volute.
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Zhao, Ruiwen, Angus C. W. Creech, Alistair G. L. Borthwick, Takafumi Nishino, and Vengatesan Venugopal. "Numerical Model of a Vertical-Axis Cross-Flow Tidal Turbine." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18514.

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Abstract An array of close-packed contra-rotating cross-flow vertical-axis tidal rotors, a concept developed to maximize the fraction of flow passage swept, has potential advantages for hydrokinetic power generation. To predict the commercial feasibility of such rotors in large-scale application, a numerical model of a vertical-axis turbine (VAT) with a torque-controlled system is developed using an actuator line model (ALM). The open-source OpenFOAM computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code is first coupled with this ALM model, and efficiently parallelized to examine the characteristics of turbulent flow behind a vertical axis tidal turbine. The numerical model is validated against previous experimental measurements from a 1:6 scale physical model of a three-bladed reference vertical axis tidal turbine at the University of New Hampshire (UNH-RM2). Satisfactory overall agreement is obtained between numerical predictions and measured data on performance and near-wake characteristics, validating the numerical model. Details of the model setup and discussions on its output/results are included in the paper.
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Reports on the topic "Performance characteristic of cross-flow turbine"

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Hawley. PR-015-11707-R01 Test Diagnostic Methods for Turbine Gas Meters. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010671.

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Similar to most metering technologies, turbine meters are known to be affected by abnormal flow or abnormal mechanical conditions which can cause bias in flow measurement. These types of flow conditions include blockage at the flow meter or straightening vanes, grime or liquid contamination on the internal meter components, damage to the internal meter components, and pulsation in the flow. With the introduction of ultrasonic and Coriolis meters for gas applications, the natural gas industry has embraced the concept of meters with embedded diagnostic capabilities. These capabilities allow the detection of potential problems with the flow behavior or meter condition that may lead to measurement error. Diagnostic measurements also exist for turbine meters. Some turbine meter manufacturers provide techniques for diagnosing proper meter performance through approaches that include unique design attributes (e.g., dual-rotors) or by monitoring the characteristics (shape, timing, etc.) of the pulses produced as blades pass a sensor. Various analog and digital signal analysis methods exist to interpret the output pulse characteristics to determine meter condition attributes such as bent blades and bearing wear. The objective of this research was to assess, through flow testing, the ability of various diagnostic methods to detect abnormal flow and abnormal mechanical conditions for both single and dual-rotor turbine meters. A secondary objective was to determine the amount of flow measurement error that could be present for the various flow conditions that were tested. The approach was to test three different diagnostic methods on a single-rotor and dual-rotor turbine meter at the Metering Research Facility at Southwest Research Institute. The selected diagnostic methods were the Smith MeterTM AccuLERT II from FMC Technologies, TurbinScope from Elster-Instromet, and The Turbo Corrector from Mercury Instruments. Tests were performed under controlled conditions and were designed to determine the ability of the selected diagnostics to detect various levels of flow meter or tube bundle blockage, grime buildup on the rotor or rotor bearings, damage to the rotor, or flow pulsations.
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