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1
Ghosh, Kashmeera. "Feasibility of a human performance model in consequence management." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2009. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Ghosh_09007dcc8069ad4c.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2009.Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed January 13, 2010) Includes bibliographical references.
2
Mensah, Welford. "Virtual Store Performance Measurement : A Logical consequence on Strategic and Operational Decisions." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-798.
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Performance measurement is the buzzword in today’s business world. This mechanism has become an essential tool in online marketplace to identify victors and losers. Apparently, virtual stores are searching for decision-oriented performance measures to aid them in addition to identifying strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities make sound strategic and operational decisions as they compete with their peers. In that paradigm this study attempt to measure performance of virtual stores using decision-making associated variables sternly to evaluate the impact of the variables or indicators on strategic and operational decisions.
To achieve this purpose, the study used an evaluation framework to identify drivers which have a significant and positive effect on strategic and operational decisions. The study surveyed 100 internet users in Goteborg of a randomly selected four virtual store (EBay Amazon.com, Yahoo and Buy.com).
The results identified three major dimensions: website, product and services and promotion. These dimensions share many common aspects with decision making determinants derived within the context of online market industry. Conversely, these dimensions have unique characteristics inherent in the online marketing environment. The study revealed a significantly positive relationship between the variables on operational and strategic decisions. The conclusion is that the fact that performance measures are assessed to firms’ business activities both operational and strategic decisions initiatives begin with defining users’ needs and preferences, and their related performance variable. If the virtual store understands what dimensions users use to judge quality, they can take appropriate actions to monitor and enhance performance on those dimensions and remedy service failures.
Keywords: Virtual store, Strategic and operational decisions, Decision-oriented performance variables, variable dimensions, Website, product and service and Promotion
3
Dawson, Evan Christopher. "This Is The Only Way." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1339788946.
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Ersson, Sofi. "Indicators in Action : Development, Use and Consequences." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Företagsekonomiska institutionen, Uppsala universitet, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8336.
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Marsh, Kerry Lynn. "Control motivation : attributions, actions, and performance consequences /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487694702785007.
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Davidov, Maayan. "Motivational, performance and affective consequences of mastery and performance achievement goals." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0002/MQ45397.pdf.
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Sholihin, Mahfud. "Antecedents and consequences of fairness in performance evaluation processes." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4309.
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The objectives of this thesis are: (1) to investigate the antecedents and consequences of fairness of performance evaluation processes (procedural fairness) in the context of performance measurement, evaluation, and reward systems; and (2) to investigate the behavioural effects of reliance on multiple performance measures (RMPM) in evaluating subordinates' performance. In relation to the first objective, it examines whether managers' perceptions of procedural fairness are influenced by the form (financial or nonfinancial) of performance measures used to evaluate performance, and by goal-related variables such as participation in setting performance targets, the goal-attainment-reward link, and the specificity of goals to be achieved by managers. With regard to the consequences of procedural fairness, it examines the effects of procedural fairness on job satisfaction, performance, organisational commitment, and goal commitment, and also examines whether any such associations are direct or indirect. In relation to the second objective, it examines whether RMPM affects managerial performance or whether the effect is contingent on goal difficulty and goal specificity. To address these objectives, this thesis draws on organisational justice theory and goal theory and employs both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data are collected using a questionnaire survey sent to managers in four organisations and qualitative data are gathered by means of interviews and focus group discussions within the organisations. The results indicate that procedural fairness is affected by participation in setting performance targets, the goal-attainment-reward link, and the specificity of goals to be achieved by managers, but not by the type of performance measure used to evaluate performance. With regard to the consequences of procedural fairness, the results indicate that: (1) the effects of procedural fairness on job satisfaction and performance are indirect and fully mediated by distributive fairness, trust, and organisational commitment; (2) the effect of procedural fairness on organisational commitment is partially mediated by distributive fairness and trust; and (3) the effect of procedural fairness on goal commitment is partially mediated by trust. Finally, the results indicate that the effect of RMPM on performance is contingent on goal specificity, but not on goal difficulty.
8
Jiang, Like. "Determinants and consequences of internal audit function quality." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, Ecole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESEC0003.
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Je développe ici une nouvelle évaluation de la qualité de la fonction d'audit interne (FAI) basée sur des données d'entrée et j'examine les facteurs qui poussent les entreprises à mettre en place une FAI de haute qualité ainsi que les conséquences économiques d'une FAI de haute qualité. Afin de rendre opérationnelle mon analyse empirique, je crée un échantillon d'archivage de FAI international unique en associant une enquête d'auditeur interne menée au niveau international intitulée CBOK 2010 à des données publiques présentes dans la base de données Worldscope. En me basant sur les Normes Internationales pour la Pratique Professionnelle d'Audit Interne proposées par l'Institut des Auditeurs Internes, je mesure la qualité de la FAI en fonction des attributs et des pratiques de FAI souhaitables qui prennent en compte la compétence (1), l'indépendance (2), les pratiques de reporting et de planification (3), et les pratiques d'amélioration et de vérification de la qualité (4) de la FAI. En ce qui concerne les facteurs décisifs de la qualité de la FAI, je constate que la qualité de la FAI est affectée par les cadres opérationnels et les caractéristiques d'autres mécanismes de gouvernance des entreprises y compris les mesures incitatives de supervision du conseil d'administration, la diligence du comité d'audit et les pouvoirs du PDG. En outre, les mesures incitatives des entreprises destinées à une FAI de haute qualité sont renforcées par les exigences strictes et détaillées en matière de FAI présentes dans les codes de gouvernance d'entreprise des pays. Enfin, je documente le fait que d'autres mécanismes de gouvernance, en particulier les mesures incitatives de supervision des directeurs, jouent un plus grand rôle pour influencer la qualité de la FAI lorsque le cadre réglementaire dans son ensemble est fragile. En ce qui concerne les conséquences économiques d'une FAI de haute qualité, j'aborde le rôle que joue la FAI pour fournir des services de vérification en matière de reporting financier et je constate que la qualité de la FAI est associée de manière positive à la qualité des revenus. En prenant en compte l'implication croissante de la FAI dans la gestion du risque et les initiatives stratégiques, qui a pour conséquence le fait que la FAI joue un rôle accru pour fournir des services de consulting appropriés aux opérations des entreprises, je fournis en outre les preuves qu'une FAI de haute qualité est importante pour la performance opérationnelle des entreprises. Je documente de manière spécifique le fait que la vitesse de reprise de la performance opérationnelle suite à la crise financière récente est considérablement plus rapide pour les entreprises qui bénéficient d'une FAI de haute qualité que pour les entreprises dont la FAI est de mauvaise qualité, et que la qualité de la FAI est associée de manière positive à la bonne capacité d'investissement des entreprises au cours de la période post-crise financière. De plus, je constate que le degré d'implication de la FAI dans les activités de consulting stratégique a un effet positif incrémentiel sur la reprise de la performance, ce qui suggère que fournir des services de consulting est une façon importante pour la FAI de procurer de la valeur aux entreprises. Les bénéfices d'une telle expansion des activités de consulting ont cependant un coût pour les entreprises dont la FAI est de mauvaise qualité, car je constate que l'implication de la FAI dans le consulting stratégique peut nuire au rôle que joue la FAI pour fournir des services de vérification et par conséquent affecter de manière négative la qualité des revenus lorsque la qualité de la FAI est mauvaise mais non pas lorsque la qualité de la FAI est bonne. De manière générale, ces constatations suggèrent que si l'on s'attend à ce que la FAI procure de la valeur aux entreprises en fournissant à la fois des services de vérification et de consulting, il est alors essentiel de maintenir un niveau de qualité de FAI adéquatI develop a new input-based measure of internal audit function (IAF) quality and investigate the factors that incentivize firms to establish a high-quality IAF as well as the economic consequences of a high-quality IAF. To operationalize my empirical analysis, I construct a unique, international archival IAF sample by matching a proprietary global internal auditor survey named CBOK 2010 with public data in the Worldscope database. Based on the International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing proposed by the Institute of Internal Auditors, I measure IAF quality by desirable IAF attributes and practices which encompass the IAF’s (1) competence, (2) independence, (3) planning and reporting practices, and (4) quality assurance and improvement practices. Regarding the determinants of IAF quality, I find that the IAF quality is affected by firms’ operating environments and features of other governance mechanisms including board monitoring incentives, audit committee diligence, and CEO power. Moreover, firms’ incentives for a high-quality IAF are bolstered by strict and detailed IAF requirements in countries’ corporate governance codes. Finally, I document that other governance mechanisms, especially the monitoring incentives of directors, play a greater role in influencing the IAF quality when the overall regulatory environment is weak. Regarding the economic consequences of a high-quality IAF, I first address the role of IAF in providing assurance services in financial reporting and find that IAF quality is positively associated with earnings quality. Considering the increasing involvement of IAF in risk management and strategic initiatives, which leads to an expanded role of IAF in providing consulting services relevant to firms’ operations, I further provide evidence supporting that a high-quality IAF matters for firms’ operating performance. Specifically, I document that the speed of operating performance recovery after the recent financial crisis is significantly quicker for firms with a high-quality IAF than for firms with a low-quality IAF, and that the IAF quality is positively associated with firms’ investment efficiency in the post-financial-crisis period. In addition, I find that the extent to which the IAF is involved in strategic consulting activities has an incremental positive effect on performance recovery, which suggests that providing consulting services is an important way for the IAF to deliver value to firms. However, the benefits from such an expansion of consulting activities comes at a cost in firms with a low-quality IAF, as I find that the IAF’s involvement in strategic consulting can impair the IAF’s role in providing assurance services and hence negatively affects earnings quality when the IAF quality is low but not when the IAF quality is high. Overall, the findings suggest that if the IAF is expected to deliver value to firms by providing both assurance and consulting services, maintaining an appropriate level of IAF quality is essential
9
Nguyen, Lan Phuong. "The consequences of corporate social responsibility disclosure." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G013.
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La thèse traite des conséquences de l’information portant sur la responsabilité sociale des entreprises. Après avoir expliqué l’intérêt de cette problématique et réalisé une revue de la littérature, nous analysons la relation susceptible d’exister entre l’information RSE et les performances RSE en utilisant l’approche de la causalité au sens de Granger. Ensuite, nous portons notre attention sur l’impact de l’information RSE sur les performances de l’entreprise en testant le caractère médiateur ou modérateur de la qualité du système de gouvernance. Pour terminer, nous étudions les effets de l’information RSE sur le niveau d’asymétrie d’information en lien avec la qualité de l’information financière. Les principaux résultats, la contribution de ce travail et les perspectives de recherche sont alors présentés en conclusionThe dissertation includes four chapters. All chapters cover the overall topic: The consequences of corporate social responsibility disclosure. Chapter 1 introduces the motivation of thesis and summarizes an overview of the literature. Chapter 2 investigates the relationship between CSRD and CSR performance using Granger causality approach. Chapter 3 studies the impact of CSRD on financial performance under the moderation of corporate governance quality. Chapter 4 investigates the effect of CSRD to the level of information asymmetry with the presence of financial reporting quality. The main findings, contribution and discussion for future research are presented at the end of thesis
10
Marquez, Loren Loving. "Dramatic consequences integrating performance into the writing classroom /." Fort Worth, Tex. : Texas Christian University, 2007. http://etd.tcu.edu/etdfiles/available/etd-04232007-094655/unrestricted/marquez.pdf.
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Chau, Chor-shing, and 周楚成. "School principals' performance in Hong Kong: cultures' consequences." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31956294.
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Bolger, Claire. "The adverse consequences of increased ventilation in athletes effect of age and environment /." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=61321.
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Ward, Gerald. "CEO Origin and Performance Consequences: Evidence from New Zealand Firms." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Economics and Finance, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9663.
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This thesis examines the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) origin and performance consequences in a New Zealand (NZ) setting. The NZ setting is unique because previous research on this topic is from the United States (US) and in one instance the United Kingdom (UK); and the NZ setting is intriguing because it has four important institutional differences: NZ directors hire outsiders much more frequently than their US and UK counterparts; NZ has no discernible trend in the frequency of outsider appointments over time, whereas the US has a marked upward trend; average CEO tenure in NZ is much shorter than that observed in the US or globally; and CEO succession occurs in relatively small firms. These four differences suggest that the NZ CEO market has some unique dynamics and perhaps unique performance consequences. This thesis fills a gap in our knowledge of executive and director practice in NZ and contributes to the CEO origin debate by analysing a new setting.
Using a hand collected sample of 162 CEO appointments from NZ firms between 1991 and 2008, I find some significant performance differences between insider and outsider CEOs. Outsiders elicit a higher abnormal return around the appointment announcement: the 1-day and the 3-day differentials are approximately 1.2% and 1.7% respectively. In contrast, insiders create more shareholder wealth during their first three years in charge: insiders increase the appointing firm’s market-to-book ratio by approximately 27 percentage points more than outsiders. I also discover that insiders are around 37 percentage points more likely to last at least three years in the job. The main difference between these findings and those from the US and UK is that insiders easily outperform outsiders in the medium term. Also, I document an intuitive finding for grey insiders: grey insiders by definition possess a blend of insider and outsider attributes and perform between insiders and outsiders on all three performance measures. These findings are robust to various controls and subsamples, and there is also some evidence that the market-to-book finding is robust to selection bias.
14
Loo, Kevin. "OCBs and Strain: The Moderating Role of Control." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4914.
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Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) are typically assumed to be beneficial to employees and organizations. However, research has recently questioned this assumption. This study seeks to identify when OCBs are related to various strains and are detrimental to the employee or the organization. Specifically, using a stressor-strain model, it is hypothesized that in general, OCBs will be related to work effort; however, when employees feel pressured to perform OCBs, and thereby feel less control, OCBs will be more related to various strains. The hypotheses were partially supported: under all conditions, OCBs were related to effort, but under conditions of feeling forced, OCBs were more related to job dissatisfaction and counterproductive work behaviors. The latter portion was only found when OCBs were rated by a co-worker, suggesting that this effect may only hold for OCBs that are more visible, thus likely to be noticed by a co-worker. This further contributes to the growing literature that finds OCBs may have a dark side.
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Persson, Josefine. "Is predation performance of Pike (Esox lucius) affected by Oxazepam exposure?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-108513.
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Pharmaceutical contamination is increasing in the environment and the consequences this will bring are of growing concern. The highest contamination of pharmaceuticals can be found in aquatic ecosystems and the organisms of these systems are therefore of utmost importance to research in order to understand the ecological consequences of pharmaceutical contamination. This report will reveal the effect contamination can have on an important apex predator often found in temperate aquatic systems, the Northern pike (Esox lucius) when exposed to the psychiatric pharmaceutical Oxazepam. The predatory performance of pike was studied before and after Oxazepam exposure by monitoring how fast each pike caught three prey of roach (Rutilus rutilus), as well as observing the amount of failed predation attempts when hunting the roach. The exposed pike displayed more failed predation attempts after exposure as opposed to the control group. Furthermore it took the exposed pike longer to catch all three roach after exposure while the mean for the control group decreased. Hence, Oxazepam exposure seem to have an effect on predation performance of pike but no definite conclusion could be drawn about to which extent this affects the foraging success and thereby the survival of the pike considering the complex nature of aquatic systems. More studies are therefore needed in order to determine the full effect pharmaceutical contamination can have on complex aquatic ecosystems and more specifically on an apex predator.
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Ekrem, Duman Fatima Betul. "Antecedents And Consequences Of Organizational Commitment." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612608/index.pdf.
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In the present study, organizational commitment&lsquos relationship with a number of antecedents and consequences were examined. In more detail, firstly the effects of job characteristics (i.e., job variety, promotional opportunity, organizational fairness, and perceived organizational support) on three dimensions of organizational commitment namely affective, normative, and continuance commitment were examined. Secondly, how these three dimensions of organizational commitment predict two dimensions of performance (i.e., task and contextual performance) and turnover intentions were examined. With these purposes, a pilot study was conducted with the participation of 45 employees and then in the main study questionnaires were administered to a sample of 175 employees working in different public organizations. According to the results of the study, job characteristics significantly and positively predicted both affective and normative commitment in addition to overall commitment but they were not significant predictors of continuance commitment. In more detail, affective commitment was predicted by job variety, promotional opportunity and perceived organizational support while normative commitment was predicted by job variety and perceived organizational support. The results of the mediation analysis revealed that perceived organizational support partially mediated the organizational fairness - affective organizational commitment relationship. Among three dimensions of commitment, affective and normative commitment were found to significantly and negatively predict turnover intentions of employees. On the other hand, none of the three dimensions significantly predicted task performance when self ratings were used but affective and normative commitment significantly influenced self reported contextual performance. However, three dimensions of commitment were not significant predictors of task, contextual or overall performance rated by supervisors. The results of the study, its implications, limitations and directions were future research were discussed in more detail.
17
Wang, Yi. "E-business assimilation and organizational dynamic capability : antecedents and consequences." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2009. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/984.
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Ioannou, Athina. "Examining the role of mindfulness in mitigating technostress and its negative consequences." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16334.
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The proliferation and ubiquity of information technologies (ICTs) have transformed the working environment of organizations, making imperative the engagement of individuals with various technologies for the accomplishment of their work tasks. Although ICTs have offered significant benefits both to individuals and organizations, those advances have come with some costs. Recently, academic literature has shown an increased interest in the dark side or else the negative aspects of technology usage within the workplace, focusing on the stress that individuals experience due to the extended usage of ICTs called technostress. A considerable amount of literature has been published on the concept of technostress revealing its severe consequences on individuals, leading to huge monetary costs for organizations; however, few studies have investigated mechanisms for the alleviation of this phenomenon thus the need for further research is crucial. Addressing this call of research, the present study contributes to the technostress literature by adopting for the first time a mindfulness perspective. The current study aims to examine the role of mindfulness as an organizational mechanism that can mitigate the impact of technostress on individuals as well as alleviate its negative consequences. By following a mixed methods approach, the current study involved two phases; At first, a theoretical framework was developed, based on the transactional-based model of stress, in order to examine the influence of mindfulness on technostress as well as its impact on job related and IT usage related outcomes. By conducting a survey-based approach and exploring a sample of 500 working individuals, the developed model was validated through SEM analysis revealing that mindfulness constitutes a powerful mechanism that can effectively reduce technostress, increase job satisfaction while also enhance user satisfaction while utilizing ICTs for work tasks and improve task performance. During the second phase of the study, the thematic analysis of the collected data, derived from semi-structured interviews, validated the results of the quantitative analysis confirming the role of mindfulness in reducing technostress conditions; while also yielded deeper insights revealing a set of strategies that more mindful individuals deploy during technostress experiences. Overall, the current study enhances existing literature in the IS domain by revealing the valuable role of mindfulness in protecting individuals against the negative impact of stressful events occurring due to ICT usage while also providing substantial practical implications; By introducing mindfulness programs for their employees, corporate and HR managers can significantly improve employees' work life, increase individual productivity and enhance overall wellbeing at work thus ultimately improving the business performance and overall success of the organization.
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Keener, Sheila. "University President Compensation: A Complex Examination of its Determinants and Consequences." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/6011.
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This dissertation examined the controversy surrounding the high levels of compensation paid to university presidents. To do this, the first half of this dissertation includes a systematic review of the existing literature regarding the relation between university performance and university president compensation in nonprofit universities. The second half of this dissertation attempts to replicate the findings from the systematic review with more current data. Several gaps identified in the literature, including the effects of analyzing specific compensation components, the effect of university president compensation on subsequent university performance, potential nonlinear relations, and how relations between university performance and university president compensation change over time, are examined as well. Specific hypotheses and research questions are derived from compensation and motivation theories used in the for-profit context as well as findings from both the for-profit and nonprofit executive compensation literature. Results indicated that university performance had a weak effect on compensation in private universities and no effect in public universities. Findings suggested that there may be differences in this effect depending on the component of compensation examined. Compensation appears to have a negative or nil effect on subsequent university performance. Evidence of differential effects over time were not observed. Although some nonlinear effects were detected, they did not take the form expected. Potential reasons for these findings, as well as their implications for research and practice, are discussed.
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Hofmann, Susanne. "The Performance Measurement Process Concerning On-Time Delivery in Supplier-Customer Dyads : characteristics and consequences." Licentiate thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2456.
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Krebs, Benjamin Philipp [Verfasser]. "Antecedents and performance consequences of talent management / Benjamin Philipp Krebs." Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1214707998/34.
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Turner, Martin James. "The performance consequences, and manipulation, of challenge and threat states." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2013. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/2033/.
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In the Theory of Challenge and Threat States in Athletes (TCTSA) it is proposed that on approach to motivated performance situations an individual can respond in a challenge state or a threat state. Challenge and threat states are marked by contrasting patterns of psychological, emotional, and cardiovascular (CV) responses. A challenge state is proposed to maintain or facilitate performance compared to a threat state. The aim of this thesis was to examine the relationships between competitive performance, and the psychological, emotional, and CV indices of challenge and threat states, and to examine the use of task instructions to manipulate challenge and threat states. Five quantitative studies were completed: three studies examined the relationships between challenge and threat states and performance using correlational methods, and two studies examined the manipulation of challenge and threat states using between-groups methods. Overall, challenge and threat CV reactivity were related to performance, and in particular, challenge CV reactivity was consistently related to superior performance compared to threat CV reactivity, in support of the TCTSA. In addition, task instructions were able to manipulate challenge and threat CV reactivity by employing the resource appraisals as posited in the TCTSA. To expand, challenge task instructions which promoted high self-efficacy, high perceived control, and a focus on approach goals, led to challenge CV reactivity, and threat task instructions which promoted low self-efficacy, low perceived control, and a focus on avoidance goals, led to threat CV reactivity. However, contrary to the TCTSA, self-reported psychological and emotional states were not related to CV reactivity or performance in the first three studies, and yielded no differences between challenge and threat conditions in the last two studies. Measurement flaws, response bias, and the notion of unconscious appraisal processes are discussed as explanations of the counter theoretical self-report findings. This thesis makes an original contribution to the field of stress and emotion, as it evidences the relationships between CV responses to motivated performance situations and performance in a range of tasks and using a range of samples, and for the first time, uses the TCTSA as a framework for promoting a challenge state.
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Snyder, Samantha Haley. "Women in Leadership: Performance and Interpersonal Consequences of Stereotype Threat." UNF Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/464.
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Women in leadership positions may experience stereotype threat when explicitly or implicitly reminded of gender and leader stereotypes. Increased worry about potentially confirming the stereotype should affect their behavior and perceptions in leadership situations. I used a 3 (article) x 2 (confederate gender) between-participants design. Female participants read an article that either made stereotypes explicit (explicit threat), countered stereotypes (threat nullification), or did not include stereotype-relevant information (implicit threat) and were assigned to lead a male or female confederate through the construction of a Lego model. I hypothesized that women in the implicit threat conditions (implicit article; male confederate) would objectively and subjectively perform worse than women in the explicit and nullification article conditions and those working with a female confederate. Women should experience the situation more negatively in conditions of threat (explicit and implicit articles; male confederate). Confederate perceptions of the participants should be more negative, except competence, when participants performed well (explicit and nullification article; female confederate). Results partially supported the hypotheses. Women who led men objectively performed worse, perceived their own performance as worse, were perceived as less competent and overall less favorably by their employees, and experienced the situation more negatively than women who led women. The article had little impact on participants and outcomes. The findings suggest that female leaders may be unintentionally undermining themselves when stereotype reminders are present, such as when asked to lead a man in a masculine task. Experiencing stereotype threat may influence women to opt out of leadership due to their negative experiences and they may not earn promotions due to poor performance and coworkers’ negative perceptions of their behavior.
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Dunger, Warren. "Neuropsychological consequences of experimentally-induced anxiety on working memory performance." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/401227/.
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Many theories addressing the complex anxiety-cognition interaction are built upon the notion that working memory is vulnerable to the effects of anxiety. However, most research has utilised studies of trait anxiety which does not allow direct inferences to be made between affect and cognitive performance, or exclude confounds such as pre-existing individual differences. As a result, a systematic review was undertaken to explore the neuropsychological consequences of experimentally-induced state anxiety on working memory. Twenty eight studies were included in the review grouped according to the nature of anxiety induced (anxious-apprehensionor anxious-arousal) and by working memory component (verbal, visuospatial, or executive). This review found evidence of anxiety adversely affecting working memory and support for specific theories. The review highlighted the potential impact of anxiety on neuropsychological assessments in clinical settings, as well as the need to test these theories using prolonged anxiety-induction procedures with standardised measures of anxiety and working memory. The empirical paper explored the effects of experimentally-induced anxiety on clinical neuropsychological assessments of working memory. Anxiety was induced using the inhalation of carbon dioxide (CO2), which reliably elicits prolonged states of anxiety. Thirty participants were included in the study, undertaking neuropsychological tests during the inhalation of both normal air and CO2 across two testing sessions using a counterbalanced design. The mood manipulation was successful and verified using psychological and physiological measures. Results suggested that anxiety negatively affected spatial and verbal working memory, although low load verbal tasks were unaffected. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed with regards to the effect of state anxiety on clinical neuropsychological assessments and the management of anxiety in light of these cognitive deficits. Future research should include a broader spectrum of working memory tasks of varying cognitive load to further elucidate how anxiety may interact with cognition.
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Ramchandani, Girish Mohan. "Economic, sport development and elite performance consequences of sports events." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2014. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/9165/.
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The hosting of major sports events is commonly assumed to generate positive outcomes and impacts for different beneficiaries, which often is the premise for public investment in them. Set against a backdrop of increased competition for elite sporting success and the desire to host events globally in recent years, the author's published research investigates some of these consequences. One aspect of the research critically analyses the consequences generated by event attendees for non-attendees in economic impact terms. It also addresses the issue of attendance measurement, which is of particular relevance to event economic impact analysis, in the context of events that are free-to-view. Furthermore, the research evaluates non-monetary consequences for event attendees from the perspective of spectators and competitors. In terms of spectators, it focuses on potential sport development effects (attitudinal changes towards sport participation) arising from event attendance. For competitors, it concentrates on elite performance issues including the home advantage phenomenon. The research was quantitatively driven and utilised a combination of primary data collection via surveys (for the economic impact and sport development aspects) and secondary data analysis (for the elite performance aspect). This paper identifies the main gaps in knowledge that are addressed by the research and teases out the contribution of the published works to contemporary academic thinking and industry practice. In doing so, it reveals the capacity of sports events to deliver monetary and non-monetary outcomes and impacts, technical issues and practical challenges associated with their assessment, and the nature of relationships between the work themes. The practical implications of the research programme for event organisers, national governing bodies and public funding agencies are discussed and general direction for future research is proposed.
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Bujisic, Milos. "Antecedents and Consequences of Customer Experience in Beverage Establishments." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6250.
Full textAbstract:
It is estimated that there are approximately 42,000 beverage establishments in the U.S. whose annual revenue surpasses $20 billion (First Research, 2014). To facilitate discussion of beverage establishments, it is essential to recognize beverage establishments as businesses whose majority of sales come from alcoholic drinks (Moss, 2010a). In this research, beverage establishments are divided into beverage-only bars, bar/entertainment combinations, and food and beverage combinations.
Even though they are a well-established industry, beverage establishments have received little academic attention (Moss, 2010b). For example, previous studies have given little attention to the development of the model that examines the relationships between quality attributes, convenience, perceived price fairness, customer experience, and customer loyalty in beverage establishments. However, current research in other service sectors has showed that quality, pricing and convenience have a strong effect on customer experience and behavioral intentions (Baker & Crompton, 2000; Cronin et al., 2000; Taylor & Baker, 1994; Tian-Cole, Crompton, & Willson, 2002; Woodside et al., 1989). Quality is tightly related to customer experience since it positively affects customer satisfaction and therefore company's profitability (Hallowell, 1996).
This study has the following objectives: (1) to develop an instrument to measure the antecedents of customer experience in beverage establishments; (2) to examine the relative importance of different antecedents of customer experience in different types of beverage establishments; and (3) to build a model of various antecedents of customer experience in beverage establishments.
This study was conducted in six phases. The first phase was the analysis of previous literature regarding quality attributes, convenience, perceived price fairness, customer experience, customer loyalty, and beverage establishments. The second phase was a development of mixed methodology research design. The third phase was the data collection based on interviews with management of beverage establishments, customer focus groups, and a survey of customers of beverage establishments. The fourth phase was a pilot study that involved a refinement of the study instrument. The fifth phase was a main quantitative study based on the survey design. The results from each qualitative and quantitative phase of the study were integrated and analyzed.
The results from the instrument development part of the study identified the following eleven antecedents of customer experience in beverage establishments: (1) service quality, (2) product quality, (3) physical environment design, (4) physical environment layout, (5) music quality, (6) social environment, (7) information convenience, (8) location convenience, (9) parking convenience, (10) entrance fee fairness, and (11) perceived price fairness. Additionally, the second instrument development study was used to recognize different customer experiential state dimensions. The factor structure included two customer experiential states: (1) the affective experiential state and (2) the cognitive experiential state.
A comprehensive theoretical model that integrates different dimensions of antecedents of customer experience, customer experiential states, customer loyalty and the moderating affect of the type of the beverage establishment was developed. One of the most important findings of the study is the relationship between the social environment and the affective experiential state. The results of the study indicate that the majority of other antecedents of customer experience did not have a significant effect on two experiential states or that effect was relatively weak. However, social environment was the strongest predictor of customers' positive emotions and therefore customer loyalty and behavioral intentions. Finally, the study results confirmed Oliver's (1997) theory of customer loyalty by providing support for the sequential relationship between cognitive, affective, and conative loyalty.
This study has several important theoretical contributions. Different antecedents of customer experience in beverage establishments were recognized and an instrument that measures these dimensions was developed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first scale specifically developed to measure experience in beverage establishments. Additionally, the importance of each of the antecedent of customer experience was examined in regards to their effect on customer experience. Additionally, an instrument that measures cognitive and affective experiential states was developed and was a foundation for the study model. Finally, this study integrates different customer experience and customer loyalty dimensions into a comprehensive theoretical model that could be applied and retested in other service settings.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Education and Human Performance
Education; Hospitality Education Track
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Falcó, Gimeno Albert. "Coalition Governance: Causes and consequences." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/38361.
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Els governs de coalició poden, per una banda, dividir-se les tasques i funcionar de forma compartimentalitzada, on cada soci decideixi sol les polítiques sota les seves jurisdiccions ministerials. Per contra, també poden optar pel compromís entre els partits i decidir col•lectivament en cada àrea sectorial, amb independència del repartiment de carteres. En el seu primer paper, aquesta tesis ofereix un marc teòric per entendre aquesta variació, amb la intenció d’identificar les condicions sota les quals és més probable un tipus de governança coalicional o altra. El segon paper testa empíricament les implicacions d’aquests arguments sobre la manera com els membres d’una coalició es vigilen mútuament mitjançant l’ús de mecanismes de control. Finalment, en el tercer paper s’ofereix un exercici empíric on s’analitza fins a quin punt els votants jutgen de manera diferent cada un dels socis de govern en funció del tipus de coalició a què s’enfronten.At an extreme, coalition partners can divide tasks and individually decide policy in their ministerial jurisdictions in a compartmentalized way. At the other extreme, parties sharing office can compromise and collectively set policy in each dimension regardless of portfolio allocation. In its first paper, this dissertation provides a theoretical account of this variation, trying to unravel the conditions under which one type of governance is more likely than the other. The second paper tests empirically the implications of these arguments on the way coalition partners keep tabs on each other through the establishment of control mechanisms. Finally, an empirical exercise is offered in the third paper to study the extent to which voters assess each coalition partner differently depending on the type of coalition they face. Variation in the types of coalition governance, we conclude, is an important factor to take into account in political science research in the field.
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Velasco, Gutiérrez Gerardo. "Determinants and consequences of sme growth strategies: resources, institutions and performance." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400660.
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L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi doctoral és contribuir al nostre coneixement sobre els determinants i implicacions de les estratègies de creixement de les Pimes. Basada tant en la perspectiva de la Teoria de Recursos i capacitats com en la de la Teoria Institucional, examinem tres preguntes de recerca. (1) Com és la relació entre les capacitats tecnològiques, recursos financers i capacitats relacionals amb l'estratègia de creixement que utilitza (orgànica, per adquisicions o híbrida, respectivament) i quin efecte tenen el règim de propietat intel·lectual, l'accés al crèdit i la confiança entre empreses en ella?. (2) Com és la relació entre les estratègies de creixement i l'acompliment de les empreses en termes de supervivència a llarg termini, rendibilitat a curt termini i posició competitiva, i quin efecte tenen el règim de propietat intel·lectual i confiança entre empreses en ella? (3) Com és la relació entre la intensitat de les capacitats relacionals i el resultat que s'obté de col·laborar amb una altra empresa del mateix sector, prenent en compte l'efecte de l'estratègia de creixement híbrid com a mediador? Utilitzem dades obtingudes de 450 respostes obtingudes en l'aplicació d'entrevistes cara a cara amb Directors generals d'empreses en el sector d'electrònica, tecnologia, informació i comunicacions a Mèxic, i apliquem diferents tècniques estadístiques. Els resultats suporten la majoria de les relacions proposades. Es discuteixen les implicacions i les adreces per a futures recerques.El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es contribuir a nuestro conocimiento sobre los determinantes e implicaciones de las estrategias de crecimiento de las PYMEs. Basada tanto en la perspectiva de la Teoría de Recursos y capacidades como en la de la Teoría Institucional, examinamos tres preguntas de investigación. (1) ¿Cual es la relación entre las capacidades tecnológicas, recursos financieros y capacidades relacionales con la estrategia de crecimiento que utiliza (orgánica, por adquisiciones o híbrida, respectivamente) y qué efecto tienen el régimen de propiedad intelectual, el acceso al crédito y la confianza entre empresas en ella?. (2) ¿Cual es la relación entre las estrategias de crecimiento y el desempeño de las empresas en términos de supervivencia a largo plazo, rentabilidad a corto plazo y posición competitiva, y qué efecto tienen el régimen de propiedad intelectual y confianza entre empresas en ella? (3) ¿Cual es la relación entre la intensidad de las capacidades relacionales y el resultado que se obtiene de colaborar con otra empresa del mismo sector, tomando en cuenta el efecto de la estrategia de crecimiento híbrido como mediador? Utilizamos datos obtenidos de 450 respuestas obtenidas en la aplicación de entrevistas cara a cara con Directores generales de empresas en el sector de electrónica, tecnología, información y comunicaciones en México, y aplicamos diferentes técnicas estadísticas. Los resultados soportan la mayoría de las relaciones propuestas. Se discuten las implicaciones y las direcciones para futuras investigaciones.
The objective of this doctoral dissertation is to contribute to our knowledge about the determinants and implications of SMEs growth strategies. Based on both Resource Based View and Institutional Theory perspectives, we examine three research questions. (1) What is the relationship between an SME’s technological capabilities, financial resources, and networking capabilities with the growth strategy it follows (organic, acquisitive, or hybrid, respectively) and what effect do intellectual property regime, access to credit, and interfirm trust have on it? (2) What is the relationship between the growth strategies and the firms’ performance in terms of long term survival, short term profitability, and competitive position, and what effect do intellectual property regime and interfirm trust have on it? (3) What is the relationship between the intensity of the networking capabilities and the outcome obtained when collaborating with another firm in the same sector, taking into account the effect of the hybrid growth strategy as mediator on it? We use data gathered from 450 responses provided by face-to-face interviews with CEOs in the Electronics, Technology, Information, and Communications sector in México, and apply different statistical techniques. The results support most of the proposed relationships. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
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Angubolkul, Garun. "Antecedents and performance consequences of opportunism in international buyer-seller relationships." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.659023.
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Under the current competitive market environment, buyers and sellers strive to develop and maintain close business relationships to achieve greater competitive advantages. However, this relationship arrangement often fails at a very high rate due to the existence of opportunism. Research scholars have empirically investigated this issue. Yet, to date, opportunism has not been studied explicitly. Empirical attentions have been devoted to define sets of governance mechanisms that deter opportunism rather than trying to understand what the root causes are. Moreover, the causes and effects of this phenomenon have not been systematically integrated. Previous empirical studies also produced inconsistent results. In addition, there is relatively limited empirical attention given to studying this issue from an international exchange context, especially in utilising information obtained from both sides of the exporter-importer relationships. In response to these literature gaps, the present study focuses on exploring the drivers and outcomes of opportunism in international buyer-seller relationships . Drawing on the transaction costs analysis theory and a key aspect of the international theory, a comprehensive conceptual model integrating antecedents and consequences of opportunism in export-import relationships is proposed. A set of research hypotheses that illustrates the link between drivers, opportunism and outcomes is formulated. The hypotheses are tested by using data from mail surveys of Thai exporting manufacturers and their UK importing distributors. The data are analysed through structural equation modelling. The results suggest that psychic distance and performance ambiguity have a positive effect on opportunism, whereas transaction-specific investments have a negative effect. Moreover, opportunism significantly increases transaction costs and therefore reduces the performance of the relationship. However, there is no significant link found between environmental uncertainty and opportunism. The research findings are discussed in accordance with the results from previous empirical studies. The theoretical, managerial and public policy implications are also presented, along with the limitations and possible fruitful avenues for future research.
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Slater, Matthew. "Perceived and behavioural consequences of social identity leadership in performance settings." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2014. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/2258/.
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The social identity approach to leadership asserts it is the shared connection between leader and group that forms the foundation of successful leadership. Specifically, in social identity leadership it is proposed effective leaders create a unified team identity that group members feel a part of, and an emotional connection with. The purpose of this thesis was to examine the effect of values associated with social identities (i.e., contents of identity) on group members’ behavioural mobilisation (e.g., time spent practicing) and task performance, and to examine leadership techniques to enhance effective leadership. Five studies are reported in three empirical chapters. Chapter two reported how leaders’ media communication focussed on team identities, values, and visions to mobilise TeamGB athletes towards peak performance and motivate public support at the London 2012 Olympic Games. Chapter three adopted a multi-study approach to examine the effect and meditational pathways of shared and contrasting identity values on perceived leadership effectiveness, behavioural mobilisation, and task performance, together with examining the influence of leadership techniques (i.e., power through and power over strategies) on the creation of shared values under typical conditions and following failure. Chapter three results indicated shared values associated with group identity were found to increase perceived effectiveness, behavioural mobilisation, and task performance compared to contrasting values. Further, behavioural mobilisation partially mediated the positive relationship between shared values and improved task performance. In addition, data showed under conditions of contrasting values leaders are better able to create shared values by adopting a power through, as opposed to a power over, approach and these positive effects were broadly maintained following failure. Chapter four recruited all the rugby teams from an intact league to explore how shared values relate to mobilisation of effort, and how leaders emerge as a centre of influence longitudinally. Chapter four findings demonstrated the importance of multiple shared values, while group (e.g., strong team bond) individual-level (e.g., empowerment) factors linked multiple shared values to high levels of mobilisation. Theoretical explanations of findings are provided in chapter five and related to collective mind, social support, and the social identity approach to leadership (e.g., social identity threat). This thesis makes an original and significant contribution to the field of leadership by evidencing how shared values within a group identity behaviourally mobilise group members to achieve the collective vision, and how power through leadership is most effective in creating shared values.
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MacDade, Lauren S. "DIETARY CONTRIBUTION OF EMERGENT AQUATIC INSECTS AND CONSEQUENCES FOR REFUELING IN SPRING MIGRANT SONGBIRDS." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1236799366.
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Cruz, Cázares Claudio. "Analysis of the Technological Innovation Process: Determinants, Consequences and Efficiency." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83964.
Full textAbstract:
A pesar de la gran importancia que se le han atribuido a las innovaciones
tecnológicas como la principal fuente de ventaja competitiva y como un motor del buen
desempeño económico, aún no ha surgido en la literatura un marco analítico sobre las
técnicas o enfoques que permitan entender el comportamiento de las actividades de
investigación y desarrollo (I+D) y varios temas demandan una investigación más
profunda. En este contexto surge esta tesis cuyo principal objetivo es analizar las
actividades de innovaciones tecnológicas siguiendo una perspectiva analítica de
proceso. Caracterizando a la innovación como un proceso que consta de las fases de
buscar, seleccionar, implementar y capturar, esta tesis desarrolla cuatro investigaciones
empíricas para entender cada una de las etapas del proceso de innovación.
El Capítulo II se enfoca en las fases de búsqueda y selección y tiene como objetivo
incrementar nuestro conocimiento en el comportamiento de las empresas que determina
la selección de la estrategia de I+D. Las estrategias de innovación son definidas en esta
tesis como la estrategia de hacer, que representa el desarrollo interno de actividades de
I+D; la estrategia de comprar que constituye la externalización de las actividades de
I+D y; la estrategia de hacer-comprar que combina el desarrollo interno y externo de
I+D. Contrariamente a la literatura previa, este Capítulo considera que los recursos
internos de la empresa y las condiciones de la industria determinan la selección de la
estrategia de I+D. El Capítulo III también explica la selección de la estrategia de I+D
pero con un especial énfasis en el papel que desempeñan las ayudas públicas. El
Capítulo IV, analiza las fases de seleccionar e implementar, busca analizar cuál es el
efecto que tienen las diferentes estrategias de I+D en el desempeño innovador de las
empresas. Finalmente el Capítulo V se enfoca en las últimas dos fases del proceso
innovador, implementar y capturar. El propósito de este Capítulo es el de proponer un
nuevo enfoque para analizar la relación, entre innovación y desempeño económico de la
empresa. En esta investigación se sugiere que el uso indistinto de los inputs u outputs de
la innovación para medir el grado de innovación de una empresa no está libre de
problemas y que más bien éstos deberían de considerarse simultáneamente siguiendo
una perspectiva productiva.
Todos los análisis econométricos realizados en esta tesis se han realizado utilizando
una muestra tomada de la Encuesta Sobre Estrategias Empresariales. Esta encuesta es de
tipo panel (1992-2005) y recoge información sobre empresas manufactureras españolas.
Los resultados muestran que la estrategia de comprar es principalmente
seleccionada por empresas con bajos recursos organizativos y es evitada por empresas
que compiten en mercados con altos niveles de incertidumbre. Sus efectos en el
desempeño innovar de la empresa son los menores y tienen un efecto a corto plazo. Por
el contrario, la estrategia de hacer-comprar suele ser seleccionada por empresas con
altos recursos tecnológicos y con operaciones en mercados con un alto grado de
incertidumbre tecnológica. Respecto a sus efectos en el desempeño innovador, los
resultados muestran que ésta produce el mayor efecto y genera un impacto a largo
plazo. Adicionalmente, los resultados muestran que los efectos de las estrategias en el
desempeño innovador está moderado por la intensidad tecnológica en la cual las
empresas se desempeñan. Finalmente, los resultados obtenidos brindan soporte a
nuestro argumento de que la mejor manera de medir el impacto de las actividades de
I+D en el desempeño de la empresa es a través de la eficiencia del proceso de
innovación tecnológica.Despite the great importance attributed to technological innovations as the main source of competitive advantages and as the driver of firm performance, a comprehensive picture of the techniques and approaches for understanding firms’ R&D behavior has not yet emerged and several issues require further investigation. In this context, the aim of this dissertation is to analyze, in a broader sense, the technological innovation activities following a process-based perspective. Categorizing innovation as a process which embraces the phases of searching, selecting, implementing and capturing, this dissertation develops four empirical studies in order to capture and understand each of the innovation process phases. The first empirical Chapter accounts for the searching and selecting phases of the innovation process and aims at increasing our knowledge of firm innovative behavior by analyzing the factors that determine firm R&D strategy selection. Three R&D strategies are defined and represent the internal development of R&D (make), the externalization of R&D (buy) and the combination of internal and external R&D (makebuy). Contrary to previous studies, we consider the joint effect of firm internal resources, industry characteristics and appropriability conditions as determinants of R&D strategy selection. The second empirical Chapter also explains the determinants of the R&D strategy selection but with an emphasis on public R&D funding. The third empirical Chapter aims at ascertaining the effects of the different R&D strategies on firm innovative performance, which accounts for the selecting and implementing phases. In order to evaluate RDSs effects in a broader sense and looking for robust results, we consider different measures of product and/or process innovations as indicators of firm innovative performance. Finally, the fifth chapter accounts for the implementing and capturing phases of the innovation process. It proposes a new approach to tackle the innovation-performance relationship; its objective is to cope with the, so far, mixed and inconclusive results of studies analyzing this relationship. We argue that the indistinctly use of the innovation inputs or outputs in order to measure firm innovativeness is not trouble-free; they should be, rather, jointly considered from a productive perspective. All empirical studies are carried out using the Survey of Business Strategies of Spanish manufacturing firms which is a panel dataset from 1992 to 2005. Results show that the buy strategy is mainly selected by young firms lacking organizational resources and it is avoided by firms competing in uncertain markets and characterized by major technology shifts. Its effects on firm innovativeness are weaker and last less than that of any other R&D strategy. On the opposite side, the make-buy strategy is selected by firms possessing high technological resources and acting in highly uncertain markets. Regarding its effects on firm innovativeness, we observe that they are stronger and last longer. In addition, we find empirical support for our proposed argument that the effects of the R&D strategies on firm innovativeness are moderated by the technological intensity level. Finally, results of the last empirical Chapter support our arguments that the better measurement of outcomes of the technological innovations is through the efficiency whereby they are developed. Moreover, we test the moderating effect of the technological intensity level and firm size on the efficiency-performance relationship.
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De, Iaco Gilda Assunta. "The consequences of shift work : job performance, job satisfaction, and social life." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ40190.pdf.
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Markarian, Garen Bricker Robert. "Analyst forecasts, earnings management and insider trading patterns incidence and performance consequences." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2005. http://d-nb.info/98940272X/04.
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Shin, Sang Hoon. "Dysfunctional consequences of the Korean performance budgeting system and their policy implications." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4380/.
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In 2005, the South Korean government implemented a system of performance budgeting: Self-Assessment of Budgetary Programmes (SABP). Most studies on this system have focused on the relationship between SABP results and subsequent budget allocations. These studies are based on the premise that the SABP system itself is operating well, and consequently SABP results are reliable. However, this thesis questions that premise and analyses the process for arriving at SABP results, especially focusing on differences in views on the merit of programmes between the spending ministries and the Ministry of Strategy and Finance (MOSF), which controls SABP. The thesis addresses four key research questions: Which factors affect differences in views in the SABP process? What are the dysfunctional consequences of SABP? What is the impact of these dysfunctional consequences? And, lastly, what feasible policy alternatives can be proposed? The study suggests that there is a tendency to optimism bias by spending ministries in their self-assessment programmes, often leading to a subsequent drastic downward review of such assessments by the MOSF. These results are established by both quantitative and qualitative analysis. This thesis also provides evidence of dysfunctional effects arising from the SABP process, some of which are “unintended” by both spending ministries and the MOSF, while others are “unintended” by the designers of the SABP system but are likely to be “intended” by the spending ministries, as “agents” in the principal-agent relationship. The thesis concludes that both the unintended and intended dysfunctional consequences of SABP are sufficiently important to suggest that the performance budgeting system needs to be carefully re-designed, and proposals are made for feasible refinements to the SABP process.
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Frimat, Bruno. "Contribution a l'etude du metabolisme de la clozapine : consequences cliniques (doctorat : pharmacie clinique)." Lille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL2P260.
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Fornaziere, Felipe. "Social Performance Standards in the Impact Investing Industry : Potential Consequences for Impact Investors." Thesis, KTH, Affärsutveckling och Entreprenörskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98686.
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In the recent years, a new type of investments called Impact Investing has been growing rapidly. Those investments are made with the intention to improve social and/or environmental conditions in the world while generating financial returns. In this case, financial metrics are not enough to measure whether the investor objective was reached, and tools for measuring the social performance of the investments are needed. From that need, various measurement approaches were created, but the fragmentation of methods leads to a huge inefficiency in the impact investing industry. Efforts towards creating standards for measuring and reporting social performance are emerging, but there is still little understanding among impact investors about the real benefits and possible challenges the standardization would bring. In this context, an important question arises, which is the subject of study in this research: What are the potential consequences of establishing social performance standards for the impact investing industry? The purpose of this research is to analyze the possible consequences of establishing social performance standards on the impact investing industry. Qualitative approach and interpretive paradigm were chosen to be followed in this research. Primary data was collected in the form of interviews with impact investors and specialists in social performance measurement. Secondary data comes from books, articles, journals and websites. The data was analyzed using the consequences of innovations framework presented by Rogers (2003). The results suggest that obviously there are potential desirable and undesirable direct consequences, but also indirect consequences that are not perceived without a thorough analysis. Key words: Impact Investing, social performance, social performance standards, social businesses.
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Thompson, Phillip S. "Understanding Consequences for Reluctant Help Targets: Explaining Reluctant Help Targets’ Poor Job Performance." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1576257236734077.
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Rowe, William Jason. "AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES OF DOWNSTREAM CHANNEL ALLOWANCES." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/9.
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Downstream channel allowances involve the practice of selling firms making payments to customers in exchange for distribution of a product. Such transactions occur most frequently in a business-to-business exchange. Although various forms of channel allowances have been investigated over the past three decades, the literature is lacking in guidance regarding whether or not, and to what extent, the salesperson should control these payments. Relying on the theoretical underpinnings of cognitive evaluation theory, this dissertation takes the initial step in understanding the effects of customer perceptions of salesperson control over allowances, with special attention to the impact on the customer-salesperson relationship. A key finding of this study is that high perceived salesperson control (from the customer‘s perspective) has moderation effects in relation to customer loyalty and salesperson performance. An explanation is offered for the unexpected findings followed by a discussion of the implications for theory, managers, and future research in the area of channel allowances.
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DIOUF, ISSA. "Nationalisations et privatisations : consequences sur les strategies et les performances des entreprises." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN0517.
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Deux types de politiques economiques totalement opposees ont ete adoptees en l'espace de cinq ans en france. Il s'agit des nationalisations de 1982 et des denationalisations entreprises par le nouveau gouvernement. Paradoxalement, l'objectif vise est le meme : ameliorer la competitivite de l'economie francaise. Le but de cette presente these est d'abord de demontrer l'inefficacite des nationalisations dans un environnement international tres concurrentiel, puis de proposer quelques elements pour une strategie de privatisationsTwo kinds of economic policy totaly different have been adopted in five years in france. It was nationalization in 1982 and now denationalizations made by the new government. Paradoxally, the aim is the same : to improve competitivity of the french economy. The aim of this present thesis in first to prove the unefficiency of nationalizations in a very competitional world, then to propose a few ideas to apply a strategy of privatisations
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Byun, Gukdo. "THE ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF EMPOWERING LEADERSHIP: A TEST OF TRICKLE-DOWN EFFECTS." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1230.
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The concept of empowering leadership has attracted the attention of both academics and practitioners because of its important role in enhancing employee performance. Although empirical evidence clearly demonstrates that empowering leadership can have a significant effect on positive managerial outcomes, there is a paucity of research on its antecedents and processes through which it influences work outcomes. Thus, this study suggests a comprehensive conceptual model of empowering leadership, mainly focusing on the trickle-down effects of across levels of hierarchy. Specifically, based on theories of social learning and social exchange, this study examines the influence of empowering leadership of second-level leaders on subordinates’ various work outcomes through first-level leaders’ empowering leadership to help identify mediating process that may underlie relationships between second-level leaders and subordinates’ outcomes. Additionally, in order to explore the social learning of empowering leadership in detail, this study focuses on the antecedents and processes of empowering leadership learning. Data were obtained from subordinate–supervisor dyads from the South Korean Army. The results of this study showed mediating effects of first-level leaders’ empowering leadership on the relationship between second-level leaders’ empowering leadership and subordinates’ task performance, organizational citizenship behaviors, and social loafing. These results support the trickle-down effects of empowering leadership on subordinates’ outcomes. Moreover, LLX mediates the relationship between second-level leaders’ empowering leadership and the first-level leaders’ empowering leadership, and this result supports the social learning of empowering leadership. Exchange ideology also moderated the social learning of empowering leadership, such that the relationship was stronger when exchange ideology was low rather than high. The results of this study have both theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, this study provides empirical evidence to help determine whether second-level leaders’ empowering leadership facilitates first-level leaders’ empowering leadership. This study contributes to the literature by further examining the antecedents of empowering leadership by showing how relational, individual, and situational factors influence empowering leadership. This study also explains how empowering leadership can spread across multiple downward linkages by supporting the existence of “trickle-down effects” of empowering leadership. Practically, this study helps understand the importance of high-level leaders’ empowering leadership to facilitate their low-level leaders’ empowering leadership. This study also suggests the importance of relational, individual, and contextual factors to facilitate the social learning of empowering leadership. In conclusion, empowering leadership has a synergistic effect across leadership levels; therefore, top managers and high-level leaders should focus on training empowering leadership of field managers and leading by example to create a more empowering environment. However, this study has limitations, such as the use of cross-sectional analyses and perceptual data. Future research may seek to use longitudinal and objective measures.
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Kharitonov, Arsentiy. "Unorthodox Pianism and Its Unexpected Consequences: A Performance Guide to Leo Ornstein's Seventeen Waltzes." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984226/.
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Leo Ornstein's most significant piano oeuvre, the Seventeen Waltzes, stand out as a unique example of a pianism as a foundation for the composer's musical thoughts. The purpose of this document is to provide musical and technical suggestions based on Ornstein's pianistic patterns, which will help pianists understand the composer's complex writing and form a coherent interpretation. The guide covers the main avant-garde musical devices used by Ornstein such as tone clusters, polymeter, and polyrhythm. A comparison process within the collection will help performers to address Ornstein's unmarked waltzes by underlining the composer's similar ideas and traits.
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Potter, Kristen A. "LIFE ON A LEAF: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF OVIPOSITION-SITE CHOICE IN MANDUCA SEXTA." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194365.
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Phytophagous insects and plants comprise one half of all macroscopic organisms on Earth, and understanding plant-insect interactions has been a long-standing focus in ecological and evolutionary biology. A key challenge has been determining the factors that affect how insects distribute among plants. While ditrophic and tritrophic interactions are well known and enormously important, the biophysical context in which these interactions occur is largely unexplored. This dissertation examines how a plant's physical environment affects insect performance on, and preference for, its leaves.An insect's primary physiological challenges are staying within an appropriate temperature range and retaining sufficient water. These problems are exacerbated during the egg stage. Eggs have comparatively enormous ratios of surface area to volume, and their temperature is determined largely by where they are laid. Because they are small, eggs are nearly always immersed within their plant's boundary layer, a thin layer of still air that resists heat and moisture transfer between the plant and its surroundings. Almost no work has documented the microclimate to which insects are exposed in a plant's boundary layer, which likely differs substantially both from the ambient macroclimate, and from leaf to leaf.Because a female controls the location in which her eggs must develop, her choice of oviposition site may profoundly influence the success of her offspring. In this dissertation I examine how site-specific environmental variables, including microclimate, predation, and leaf nutrition, drive female oviposition preference and offspring performance in the hawkmoth, Manduca sexta L. (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). I measure how leaves of M. sexta's primary host plants in the southwestern USA modify the temperature and humidity experienced by eggs, and how these leaf microclimates affect the performance of eggs and larvae. I then test whether this species' oviposition-site choices correlate with offspring performance with regard to microclimate, predation risk, and leaf nutrition. This dissertation is unique in focusing on the relatively unstudied biophysical context in which plant-insect interactions occur. Additionally, it is the first work that compares, together in a single study, the effects of varying multiple factors related to oviposition-site choice across all life history stages in a single model system.
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Zhang, Zhu. "Trust in leadership in sport: its antecedents and its consequences." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1091027234.
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Elzahar, Hany. "Determinants and consequences of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) reporting by UK non-financial firms." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/19767.
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The study examines the level of quantity and quality of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) reporting for a sample of FTSE 350 UK listed companies over the period (2006-2010). Furthermore, it identifies the determinants of KPIs reporting and investigates its impact upon firm value. Based upon the guidance of the best practice recommended by the Accounting Standard Board (2006), the study develops a measure of disclosure quality by considering the main qualitative attributes of information which, arguably, makes KPIs information more useful to stakeholders. The distinction between disclosure quantity and quality in the study enables the researcher to get greater insights into the drivers and implications of KPIs reporting quantity and quality. The study finds a variation between UK firms in the number of KPIs disclosed with a notable low level of reporting quality, especially for non-financial KPIs. It also finds that corporate governance mechanisms play an important role in improving KPIs reporting. In particular, it shows that directors’ compensations affect the quantity and quality of KPIs disclosure. Furthermore, the study provides evidence that quantity and quality of KPIs disclosure are not derived by the same factors, and both have different impacts on firm value. Whereas, the study finds a negative association between the numbers of KPIs disclosed and firm value, a non-significant relationship is reported between KPIs reporting quality and firm valuation. Overall, this study provides evidence that disclosure quantity is not a good proxy for disclosure quality.
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Smith, Nicholas Charles. "Attention allocation in type A and type B individuals : performance effects and psychophysiological consequences." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413148.
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Jancenelle, Vivien E. "Signaling Normative and Economic Orientations during Earnings Conference Calls: Market Performance Antecedents and Consequences." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1488814095926987.
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Kurdia, Ali. "Consequences of Nordic Conditions on the Performance of Large-Scale Building Applied PV Installations." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-26570.
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This thesis aimed for a better understanding of the Nordic weather conditions in terms of snow induced soiling on the performance and production of an established photovoltaic plant located on the roof of Økern nursing home, Oslo. In order to realize the main aim, several steps had to be done in preparation of the main analysis, these steps in fact are as important to this thesis as the main deliverable. The search for appropriate meteorological data proved to be not an easy task because of the scarcity of ground measurement stations, and the high inaccuracies in satellite observations. After analyzing all the sources with available data for the region of Oslo, three sources of data were chosen based on comparisons to an onsite set of reference measurements, these are the Blindern meteo station, the NASA SSE satellite derived observations, and the STRANG data base. A model of the actual system was created in PVsyst, exceptional attention to the level of detail was exercised in order to approach the case of eliminating any source of variation in the simulated models other than the required study parameter, the soiling. Simulations of many system variants ultimately resulted in the aggregation of a soiling loss profile to be used in conjunction with each of the meteo sources to predict the snow induced soiling consequences on the system. The soiling loss profiles were tested and the results compared to actual system production measurements, and it was successful in introducing the correction the model needed to simulate the system closely to reality. However, absolute change in production figures is relatively small, therefore, this study and any future continuation of it is oriented into research and improvement as it possess minimal impact on a commercial application.
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Athanasiadou, Spiridoula Georgiou. "The role of condensed tannins towards ovine nematodes and their consequences on host performance." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26159.
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The aim of this thesis was to investigate the two hypotheses that have been put forward to account for the reduction in the level of parasitism observed in sheep that consume condensed tannins. For this purpose in vitro (larval development/viability assay) and in vivo experiments were performed. In the first two experiments, a model condensed tannin extract (Quebracho) was given as a drench to parasitised sheep to test for the direct effect of condensed tannins towards established adult nematodes. Experiment 1 aimed to provide evidence for a direct anthlemintic effect of condensed tannins towards an established Trichostrongylus population. For this purpose the extract was administered to sheep four weeks after their initial infection. There was clear evidence for a direct anthelmintic effect of condensed tannins towards adult T.colubriformis, as demonstrated by reduced faecal egg counts and worm burdens. As T.colubriformis is an intestinal ovine nematode, the susceptibility of other intestinal and abomasal ovine nematodes to condensed tannins was investigated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro larval development/viability assays were performed to test the effects of different concentrations of Quebracho extract on pre-parasitic larval stages of one intestinal (Trichostrongylus vitrinus) and two abomasal nematodes (Teladorsagia circumcincta and Haemonchus contortus) (Experiment 2a). The results from these assays showed that larvae from all species were able to develop to infective larvae, irrespectively the concentration of Quebracho extract. However, the viability of infective larvae of all species decreased as the concentration of condensed tannins increased. Concurrently, Experiment 2b was designed to test whether condensed tannins had a direct anthelmintic effect towards adult populations of either T. circumcincta or H. contortus, or towards a mixed intestinal population of Nematodirus battus and T.colubriformis. Both ovine intestinal species were susceptible to the presence of condensed tannins in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep, as demonstrated from reduced faecal egg counts and worm burdens.
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Johnson, Hazel-Ann Michelle. "Service with a smile : antecedents and consequences of emotional labor strategies." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001937.
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