Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Performance grade (PG) / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Performance grade (PG).

Journal articles on the topic 'Performance grade (PG)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Performance grade (PG).'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Al-Jumaily, Mohammed Hasan. "Adapting of Performance Grading System for Local Asphalt Cement." Kufa Journal of Engineering 2, no. 1 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/211293.

Full text

Abstract:

The General Specifications for Roads and Bridges (SCRB) don't adopt the performance grading (PG) based system suggested by Superpave program to evaluate the currently used asphalt cements for paving works. The air temperature data used in this study covers approximately 20 years time period (1982-2002) for seven Iraqi cities (Kirkuk, Mosul , Rutba , Baghdad , Kut , Najaf , and Basrah) which represent climatically unique regions in Iraq. The currently used asphalt cements with penetration grades (40-50) and (60-70) were tested by both of conventional test methods and Superpave methods to determ

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Arshad, Hussain, and Yan Jun Qiu. "Evaluation of Local Asphalt Binders under Superpave Specification." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 1509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.1509.

Full text

Abstract:

Premature rutting due to high temperatures and heavy loads has been a major distress on flexible pavements in Pakistan. One of the main causes of this early rutting is the available asphalt binders, which are still graded by using penetration grading system. The penetration grading system is based on empirical tests and does not link with performance. To improve the quality of the flexible pavement and to avoid the premature rutting the performance based testings were conducting in laboratory. This study evaluated performance graded (PG) binders for use in pavement construction in the country.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Bandapati, Madhavi, Sanket Goel, and Balaj Krishnamurthy. "Graphite electrodes as bioanodes for enzymatic glucose biofuel cell." Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering 10, no. 4 (2020): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5599/jese.807.

Full text

Abstract:

This study investigates the performance of pencil graphite (PG) electrodes to identify the grade of pencil most suitable as bioanode for enzymatic glucose biofuel cell. Pencils of H, 3H, 5H and B grades are selected for this study. The surfaces of different grade PGs are modified with carboxylic acid functionalized multi walled carbon nanotubes (COOH-MWCNT/PG), followed by immobilization with glucose oxidase (GOx) to fabricate the respecttive bioanodes (GOx/COOH-MWCNT/PG). Morphological and electrochemical characterizations are carried out using scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Chehab, Ghassan R., Yara S. Hamdar, and Angela J. Haddad. "Investigating High-Temperature PG Grade Adjustment Recommendations for Airfield Pavements." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 5 (2019): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119838259.

Full text

Abstract:

This study aims to investigate the high-temperature performance grade (PG) adjustment (bumping) recommendations included in various international specifications and guidelines for airfield pavements, particularly for asphalt intermediate and base layers. The research was instigated following recent asphalt rutting occurrences in airport pavements. Mechanistic analysis, using the software FlexPave™, was employed to assess airfield pavement responses under hot climatic conditions and for different loading conditions. The results of the analysis pointed to three important factors that should be c

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Eraky, Ahmed, H. S. Ayoub, Omar Osman, Mohamed E. Ouf, and Abdel Zaher E. A. Mostafa. "Improving the Performance Grade and Traffic Loading of Egyptian Asphalt Binders by Recycled Polyethylene Modification." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1056, no. 1 (2022): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1056/1/012041.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Recent SUPERPAVE technology allows assessment and performance grading (PG) of modified asphalts according to AASHTO T 350–14 and ASTM D7405-15 standards. These testing protocols use modified - multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test, to yield the high temperature PG and the traffic level of the asphalt binder. Latest AASHTO T 350–14 test protocol is used to assess two major Egyptian bitumen products, Alex and Suez (pen 60/70) before and after polymer modification. These standard products have different fractional composition since they are obtained from different local origins. Low

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Aszharri, Arief, and Nadra Mutiara Sari. "Viscous Elastic Asphalt Characteristics of Cariphalte Modification with Addition of Gilsonite Viewed from Phase Angle Value." CIVED 11, no. 2 (2024): 595–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/cived.v11i2.575.

Full text

Abstract:

Performance Grade (PG) Bitumen is bitumen that is graded based on its performance at different temperatures. In the Superpave grading system, asphalt binders are classified according to their performance in extreme hot and cold temperatures and are referred to as performance grade (PG) asphalt. The main objective of assessing and selecting asphalt binder using the PG system is to ensure that the binder has properties suitable for the environmental conditions in the field. Cariphalte is a premium grade polymer modified bitumen used in road and airport construction and other similar applications

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Torres, Alexandra. "Engineering Properties of Asphalt Binders from Different Sources and Their Influence on Stiffness of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 6 (2019): 396–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119843482.

Full text

Abstract:

The quality and quantity of asphalt binder are crucial for proper adhesion, cohesion, and performance of asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures. The current Superpave grading system for asphalt binders provides engineers with the high and low temperature ranges at which the asphalt binder should perform satisfactorily. The objectives of this study are to document the differences in the performance of different asphalt binders with the same nominal performance grade (PG) acquired from different refineries and to investigate the impact that binder properties may have on the stiffness of the AC mixes. To

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Sheng, Jiajia, Yinghao Miao, and Linbing Wang. "An Assessment of the Impact of Climate Change on Asphalt Binder Selection in East China Based on the ARIMA Model." Sustainability 15, no. 21 (2023): 15667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152115667.

Full text

Abstract:

Temperature is a key factor considered in the selection of asphalt binders for asphalt pavement construction. Currently, the asphalt binders used in some regions’ asphalt pavements are no longer suitable for anticipated climate conditions. The reasonable selection of asphalt binder is an important measure for asphalt pavement to adapt to climate change. This paper focuses on the potential impact of climate change on asphalt binder selection in East China in the future. This study is based on the performance grade (PG) system with SUPERPAVE specifications. It involved collecting meteorological

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Nasir, Nur Indah Ririn Fitriani, Slamet Arifin, and Insar Damopolii. "The analysis of primary school student’s motivation toward science learning." Journal of Research in Instructional 3, no. 2 (2023): 258–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/jri.v3i2.281.

Full text

Abstract:

This research aims to analyze primary school students' motivation to learn science. Differences in student grades and gender were also examined in this research. The research has used survey methods. The survey was carried out on 97 students at one of the elementary schools in Malang City. The students who participated were those in grades 4, 5 and 6. A questionnaire containing 35 statement items measured students' motivation toward science learning. The analysis uses ANOVA to measure differences in motivation based on grade, gender, and interactions between grade and gender. There is no influ

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Jones, Stephen D., Kamyar C. Mahboub, R. Michael Anderson, and Hussain U. Bahia. "Applicability of Superpave to Modified Asphalts: A Mixture Study." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1630, no. 1 (1998): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1630-06.

Full text

Abstract:

Superpave binder and mixture specifications are currently being reviewed for their applicability to modified asphalts. This study was designed to evaluate a series of modified binders with the same Superpave performance grade (PG 76-22). The experiment was based on the following hypothesis: The performance characteristics for a given asphalt mixture will be the same for all PG 76-22 binders. The performance indicators analyzed in this study were obtained from a suite of laboratory mixture performance tests. The study, which also included a PG 64-22 asphalt to serve as the control, revealed tha

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Sepaspour, Reza, Faezeh Zebarjadian, Mehrdad Ehsani, Pouria Hajikarimi, and Fereidoon Moghadas Nejad. "Global Warming and Its Effect on Binder Performance Grading in the USA: Highlighting Sustainability Challenges." Infrastructures 9, no. 7 (2024): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9070109.

Full text

Abstract:

The mounting impacts of climate change on infrastructure demand proactive adaptation strategies to ensure long-term resilience. This study investigates the effects of predicted future global warming on asphalt binder performance grade (PG) selection in the United States using a time series method. Leveraging Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) data and Superpave protocol model, the research forecasts temperature changes for the period up to 2060 and calculates the corresponding PG values for different states. The results reveal significant temperature increases across the majority of states,

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Villanueva, Aaron, Susanna Ho, and Ludo Zanzotto. "Asphalt modification with used lubricating oil." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, no. 2 (2008): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l07-092.

Full text

Abstract:

The viability of used lubricating oil as an asphalt modifier was studied, with the enhancement of the low-temperature grade as the specific goal. Used oil modification was found to improve the Superpave low-temperature performance grade (PG), but at the expense of the high-temperature PG grade. When evaluated according to the Superpave MP1 specification, the low-temperature grade of the modified asphalt was not significantly improved due to failure of the bending beam rheometer (BBR) test’s m value. When evaluated according to the Superpave MP1a specification, the modified asphalt overall PG g

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Salem, Hassan Awadat, Djordje Uzelac, and Bojan Matic. "Temperature Zoning of Libya Desert for Asphalt Mix Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 1414–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.1414.

Full text

Abstract:

The current asphalt binder specifications in Libya are based on the Penetration Grade: penetration test is performed at 25°C. Penetration is an empirical measure of the consistency that is used as an empirical indicator of the rutting and fatigue susceptibility of asphalt binder, and is not related to pavement performance. The new mix design methodology developed under the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP), called the SUPERPAVE is a performance-based approach. The first step in the implementation of SUPERPAVE methodology is to establish high and low pavement temperatures for a location

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Abed, Alaa Hussein, and Ali Hwaidi Nasser. "Assessment Mixing and Compaction Temperatures for Modified HMA Using Superpave High Shear Viscosity Methods." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 21, no. 4 (2018): 516–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.21040516.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this study is determining the mixing and compaction temperature of the modified asphalt mixture. Results of binder tests showed that the addition of 3% SBS to control asphalt (PG 64-16) would achieve the desired performance level (PG 76-16) a performance grade that fits our climate with traffic loads. When using 5% SBS the performance grade of binder increased three grades (PG 82-16) and when increasing SBS content to 8% the performance grade increased four grades (PG 88-16). At shear rate of 500 (s-1), the modified asphalt viscosity can be obtained at different temperatures a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Bredenhann, S. J., G. M. Rowe, and P. A. Myburgh. "Determination of the continuous grade of a binder in the South African performance grade binder specification." Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering 66, no. 3 (2024): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8775/2024/v66n3a4.

Full text

Abstract:

A Performance Grade (PG) Bitumen Specification, SATS-3208 (SATS 2019), was developed in South Africa during the period up to 2019. Since that time a period of implementation has begun on selected projects in South Africa. The implementation activities have included testing of data in accordance with the final anticipated standards. Formulation of a national standard is in the final stages and is expected to be published towards the end of 2024. The PG grade is specified using a high temperature number and a minimum temperature number that indicate the climate range within which a bitumen would

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Dong, Chaofei, Liqun Feng, and Yafeng Xu. "Performance Zoning of Asphalt Pavement and Performance Grade (PG) of Asphalt Binder in Karamay: A Case Study of Xinjiang, China." Sustainability 15, no. 12 (2023): 9742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129742.

Full text

Abstract:

Asphalt binder is a temperature-sensitive material with a performance that is greatly affected by changing climates. Improper selection of asphalt will cause a lot of damage and affect the durability of the road. The establishment of asphalt pavement performance zoning in Xinjiang, a vast area with great temperature differences, will provide a reference for the selection of asphalt suitability, the refinement of pavement design, and the sustainable development of road engineering. In this study, 11 years of temperature data in the Xinjiang region have been collected and analyzed, and 98% relia

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Kontson, Karli, Kristjan Lill, Artu Ellmann, and Andrus Aavik. "The Impact of Climate Change on Pavement Temperatures and Asphalt Binder Grade Selection in Estonia Based on Different Climate Change Scenarios." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 20, no. 1 (2025): 94–113. https://doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2025-20.655.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper examines the impact of climate change on asphalt pavement temperatures and Superpave asphalt binder Performance Grade (PG) selection in Estonia. Pavement temperatures were estimated using statistical-empirical pavement temperature prediction models tailored for Estonian conditions. The impact of climate change on pavement temperatures was assessed based on the latest climate change models, assuming three different climate change scenarios for the near, medium and long terms. Projected changes reflect warming trends, with both coastal and mainland areas experiencing substantial shift

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Kharbuja, Sunita, Thusitha Chandani Shahi, and Rajan Duwal. "Development of Performance Grading Map of Nepal Based on Superpave System." Journal of Science and Engineering 8 (November 12, 2020): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jsce.v8i0.32866.

Full text

Abstract:

The Performance of the bituminous binder plays important role in the overall performance of the pavement system. One of the major cause of pavement failure is the bitumen grade, i.e selection of suitable grade of bitumen. Therefore, performance grading of bituminous binder is inevitable for the specific temperature and climatic zones. This study is focused on the determination of performance grading of bituminous binder for various temperature zones in Nepal. In this study, twenty one years’ daily maximum and minimum secondary temperature data of 70 meteorological stations were collected and w

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Zhong, Ke, and Mingzhi Sun. "The Rapid Determination Method of Performance Parameters and PG Grade for SBS Modified Asphalt." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 237 (March 19, 2019): 032103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/237/3/032103.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Jee, Haemi. "Association between regularly performed physical activity and academic performance in female adolescents from middle to high school." Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation 21, no. 1 (2025): 25–31. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.2550002.001.

Full text

Abstract:

Regular participation in regularly performed physical activity (PA) is recommended for proper development of rapidly changing physical and psychological status of adolescents. Despite the importance of proper PA, various prioritizing factors in adolescents’ daily lives such as competitive academic performance deter regular participation. This study has been conducted to analyze impact of PA on academic performance (grades) for middle to high school female adolescents. 20th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey data with 8 factors were utilized for the study. 25,668 female adolescents across six gra

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Oshone, Mirkat, Debaroti Ghosh, Eshan V. Dave, Jo Sias Daniel, Joseph M. Voels, and Shongtao Dai. "Effect of Mix Design Variables on Thermal Cracking Performance Parameters of Asphalt Mixtures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 28 (2018): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118797826.

Full text

Abstract:

To address asphalt pavement thermal cracking, researchers have developed performance-based evaluation tools for asphalt mixtures. A minimum fracture energy obtained from a disc-shaped compact tension test and Black space parameters determined by the stiffness and relaxation properties of asphalt mixtures are two such methods to ensure good thermal cracking resistance. Mix specifiers and producers strive to meet the requirements set by these performance-based criteria by adjusting their mix designs. However, there is a lack of information and consensus on the effect of mix design variables (suc

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Alattieh, Sara A., Ghazi G. Al-Khateeb, and Waleed Zeiada. "Evaluation of Low- and Intermediate-Temperature Performance of Bio Oil-Modified Asphalt Binders." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (2021): 4039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13074039.

Full text

Abstract:

Fatigue cracking and low-temperature cracking are two major distresses that occur in asphalt pavements. Fatigue cracking is a load-associated distress caused by the tensile stresses at the bottom/top of the asphalt concrete (AC) layer due to repeated traffic loading. On the other hand, low-temperature cracking occurs when tensile stresses built up with in the AC layer at low temperatures exceed the tensile strength of that layer. In this study, the performance of date seeds oil bio-modified asphalt binders (DSO-BMB) is evaluated against fatigue and low-temperature cracking. The DSO-BMBs are pr

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Berthelot, Curtis, Diana Podborochynski, Ania Anthony, and Brent Marjerison. "Comparison of mechanistic laboratory characterization and 10-year rutting performance of SPS-9A test site in Saskatchewan." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 3 (2010): 489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l10-024.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper provides a performance comparison of mechanistic laboratory and field rutting performance of four asphalt concrete mixes constructed in 1996 at a Strategic Highway Research Program SPS-9A test site located in Saskatchewan. The asphalt mixes included two Saskatchewan Type 70 Marshall mixes and two coarse graded Superpave™ mixes and employed 150–200A and 200–300A penetration grade asphalt cement binders. The triaxial frequency sweep characterization determined that the Superpave™ mix yielded improved mechanistic structural constitutive properties when compared to the Saskatchewan Type

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Holcombe, Evan W., Munir D. Nazzal, Walaa Mogawer, Alexander J. Austerman, and Savas Kaya. "Evaluating Asphalt Binders Prepared with Different Processes to Meet the Same Performance Grade: Use of Atomic Force Microscope." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2632, no. 1 (2017): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2632-11.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper summarizes the results of a laboratory testing program conducted to evaluate the microstructure, adhesion, and other mechanical properties of asphalt binders meeting the same performance grade (PG) but produced by using different processes and modifiers. To that end, atomic force microscope (AFM) tapping mode imaging and force spectroscopy experiments were conducted on different straight-run and modified asphalt binders meeting the same PG. In addition, bitumen bond strength and semicircular beam (SCB) tests were conducted on the different binders evaluated and on the mixes prepared

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Zhang, Jiupeng, Guoqiang Liu, Li Xu, and Jianzhong Pei. "Effects of WMA Additive on the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder and High Temperature Performance Grade." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/467891.

Full text

Abstract:

Sasobit additives with different dosages were added into 70# and 90# virgin asphalt binders to prepare WMA binders. The rheological properties, includingG∗andδ, were measured by using DSR at the temperature ranging from 46°C to 70°C, and the effects of temperature, additive dosage and aging onG∗/sin⁡δ, critical temperature, and H-T PG were investigated. The results indicate that WMA additive improvesG∗but reducesδ, and the improvement on 70# virgin binder is more significant.G∗/sin⁡δexponentially decreases with the increasing temperature but linearly increases with the increasing additive dosa

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Ghasemirad, Amirhossein, Nura Bala, and Leila Hashemian. "High-Temperature Performance Evaluation of Asphaltenes-Modified Asphalt Binders." Molecules 25, no. 15 (2020): 3326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153326.

Full text

Abstract:

Asphalt binder comprises four main fractions—asphaltenes (A), saturates (S), aromatics (A), and resins (R)—referred to as “SARA”. Asphaltenes plays an important role in determining the linear viscoelastic behavior of asphalt binders. In this research, asphaltenes are added as a distinct modifier to improve the performance properties of asphalt binder. The modified binders are aged using a rolling thin film oven. A dynamic shear rheometer is then used to measure the rheological properties of the binders at high temperatures. Changes in the chemical composition of the modified binders are also s

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Ezzat, Estabraq N., Israa F. Al-Saadi, and Abbas F. Jasim. "Effect of Multiple-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) on Asphalt Binder Rheological Properties and Performance." Advances in Civil Engineering 2023 (July 19, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3248035.

Full text

Abstract:

Growing traffic loads, soaring summer temperatures, and moisture damage will render conventional asphalt binder insufficient to maintain the performance standards of asphalt concrete pavement. Thus, it is necessary to modify the virgin asphalt using various polymers or nanomaterials. The primary goal of this research was to examine the rheological effects of combining multiple-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) in an asphalt binder. In this study, MWCNTs and SBS were mixed with virgin asphalt at concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5% by weight. The performance grade

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Khan, Muhammad Imran, Muslich Hartadi Sutanto, Sri Sunarjono, Shah Room, and Nur Izzi Md Yusoff. "Effect of Crumb Rubber, Epolene (EE-2), and Date Palm Ash as Modifiers on the Performance of Binders and Mixtures: A Sustainable Approach." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (2019): 6484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226484.

Full text

Abstract:

The only type of conventional bitumen (PG 64-10) available in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) does not meet the temperature requirements of most of the kingdom’s regions. Hence, the binder needs to be modified to improve the performance of flexible pavements at high temperature and heavy traffic loading. In order to meet the requirements of the Superpave Performance Grade (PG), crumb rubber (CR), epolene (EE-2), and date palm ash (DPA) were used as asphalt additives in different percentages (4%, 8%, 12%, and 16% by weight of bitumen). Viscosity and rheological tests as well as stability and

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Mersha, Desalegn A., and Zenamarkos B. Sendekie. "High-Temperature Performance Enhancement of Bitumen by Waste PET-Derived Polyurethane." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (October 14, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9567197.

Full text

Abstract:

Bitumen performance enhancement through modification by reactive polymers gained significant attention in the road construction industry. Polymeric bitumen additives, such as polyurethane, improve bitumen properties at low and high in-service temperatures. This research aimed to increase the polymer content (polyurethane) from 3% to 5%wt of bitumen by introducing cross-linking agent, sulfur. Synthesis of polyurethane was via in situ polymerization of bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalamide (BHETA) in the presence of bitumen with sulfur as a cross-linking agent. BHETA was produced from polyethylen

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Wang, Rui, Hongjuan Wu, Wei Zhang, and Chengqin Chen. "Research on Rejuvenation of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Block Copolymer Modified Asphalt with Rejuvenating Agent Based on Pre-Mixing Method." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (August 11, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8287460.

Full text

Abstract:

The traditional addition method of rejuvenating agent used in the laboratory is inconsistent with the actual situation of the project, which reduces the reliability of the test results. In this paper, the way of premixing rejuvenating agent and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and extracting asphalt binder is selected, and the modification effect, mechanism, and optimal content of rejuvenating agent on Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Block Copolymer (SBS) modified asphalt are studied. In this paper, the asphalt in RAP is recycled and restored with different content of regenerant, and the conventiona

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Kilger, Albert, Daniel Swiertz, and Hussain U. Bahia. "Long-Term Aging Performance Analysis of Oil Modified Asphalt Binders." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 12 (2019): 404–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119847982.

Full text

Abstract:

Oil modification of asphalt binders is a widely adopted strategy for meeting low temperature performance grade (PG) specifications. There is no shortage of data characterizing the rheological benefits of several oil modifiers. Current AASHTO M320/M332 specifications evaluate low-temperature performance using the bending beam rheometer which measures creep stiffness and relaxation properties of the asphalt binder after 20 h of aging using a pressure aging vessel (PAV). In this study, extended aging effects on oil and polymer modified binders are investigated using three oil-modified binders com

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Islam, Md Rashadul, Sylvester A. Kalevela, and Guy Mendel. "How the Mix Factors Affect the Dynamic Modulus of Hot-Mix Asphalt." Journal of Composites Science 3, no. 3 (2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs3030072.

Full text

Abstract:

Hot-mix asphalt (HMA) is a composite material consisting of stone-aggregates, sand, asphalt binder and additives. The properties of this combined material are dependent on the volumetric parameters used in the mix design. This study investigates the effects of volumetric mix factors on the dynamic moduli (E*) of eleven categories of HMAs. For each category of asphalt mixture, the variations in dynamic modulus for different contractors, binder types, effective binder content (Vbe), air void (Va), voids-in-mineral aggregates (VMA), voids-filled-with asphalt (VFA) and asphalt content (AC) are ass

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Taki, Zahir Noori M., Alaa H. Abed, and Hasan Al-Mosawe. "Evaluating Iraqi Modified Asphalt Concrete Moisture Resistance Based on Strength Ratio and Fracture Energy Parameters." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (June 26, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8521682.

Full text

Abstract:

Two types of polymers (plastomer (functionalized polyethylene (PE)) and elastomer (styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS))) were used for shifting up asphalt binder performance grade (PG) and tensile strength resistance (moisture damage) of the asphalt concrete mixture. It is found that adding 3.5% functionalized polyethylene (PE) polymer to the binder is more effective than adding 4% styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) to shift up asphalt PG by two grades to PG 76-16. Furthermore, the viscosity of the binder increased about 200% when using 4% SBS, while there is no significant effect on viscosity when 3

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Okuyama, H., S. Mitsunaga, K. Nakachi, et al. "Association of interleukin-6 levels and neutropenia during gemcitabine monotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 4_suppl (2011): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.178.

Full text

Abstract:

178 Background: Neutropenia is an important dose-limiting toxicity of gemcitabine (GEM) in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (PC). Serum haptoglobin, regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, is a predictor of neutropenia in PC patients under treatment with GEM. We conducted this study with the aim of identifying the association between serum levels of haptoglobin and cytokines and the risk of development of neutropenia in advanced PC patients receiving GEM therapy. Methods: Serum levels of haptoglobin and pro-inflammatory cytokines (GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12,

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Herndon, Rebecca M., Jay Balasubramanian, Klaus Woelk, and Magdy Abdelrahman. "Physical and Chemical Methods to Assess Performance of TPO-Modified Asphalt Binder." Applied Sciences 14, no. 8 (2024): 3300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14083300.

Full text

Abstract:

The demand for effective asphalt additives is growing as road infrastructure ages and more sustainable pavement solutions are needed. Tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) is an example material that has been gaining attention as a potential asphalt additive. While physical performance grade (PG) temperatures are the predominant performance requirements for asphalt binders, chemical properties are also significant in the evaluation of asphalt performance. There is a need to chemically characterize the aging of asphalt binders modified with TPO and link chemical changes in binder components to binder perfor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Mugume, Rodgers, and Denis Kakoto. "Effect of Inappropriate Binder Grade Selection on Initiation of Asphalt Pavement Cracking." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (2020): 6099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156099.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper is aimed at assessing in-service asphalt pavement cracking in order to fully understand its causes as well as reviewing the possible impact of implementing a new mix design method on failures observed. Field and laboratory investigations were conducted as well as a review of design and construction records. Substitution of a Performance Grade (PG) binder with straight run pen grade binder without performing independent Superpave PG verification tests greatly contributed to cracking. A 20/30 pen grade binder which was utilised had already undergone some change in its properties since

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Brozmanova, Monika, and Lucia Kocisova. "EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION BY TESTING 5 FROM THE TEACHER’S PERSPECTIVE." Slavonic Pedagogical Studies Journal 10, no. 1 (2021): 2–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/pg.2021.10.1.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Quality requirements in all areas of education and in all types of schools are one of the basic attributes on which the future of nations, states and humanity depends. The quality of education as a service of a publicly funded society is therefore subject to monitoring by government institutions. Evaluating the quality of a school means finding out data on pre-agreed aspects of school life, the processes that take place in it. In 2015, an innovated state educational program was introduced in primary education. It brought changes especially in the educational standards of individual subjects, w

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Morshed, MM Tariq, Mohammad Nazmul Hassan, and Zahid Hossain. "What are the Alternatives of PG Plus Tests for Modified Asphalt Binders?" MATEC Web of Conferences 271 (2019): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927103008.

Full text

Abstract:

For characterizing the polymer modified binders, different state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) use different time consuming and empirical Performance Grade (PG) Plus test methods. Furthermore, the PG Plus tests are silent when asphalt binders are modified with chemicals such as polyphosphoric acid (PPA). But, the effects of the polymer are not accurately identified through these conventional tests such as Elastic Recovery (ER) and tenacity. The main goal of this study is to recommend alternative test method(s), which can possibly be pursued by using, a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). Thu

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Jaleel, Mustafa Mohammed, Mustafa Albdairi, and Ali Almusawi. "Marshall-Based Thermal Performance Analysis of Conventional and Polymer-Modified Asphalt Binders." Construction Materials 5, no. 2 (2025): 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/constrmater5020040.

Full text

Abstract:

Iraq’s extreme summer temperatures pose critical challenges to pavement durability, as conventional asphalt mixtures often fail under prolonged thermal stress. This paper provides a comparative evaluation of the high-temperature performance of unmodified (40/50 penetration grade) and polymer-modified (PG 76-10) asphalt mixtures for the asphalt course layer. Marshall stability, flow, and stiffness were measured at elevated temperatures of 60 °C, 65 °C, 70 °C, and 75 °C after short-term (30 min) and extended (24 h) conditioning. Results show that while both mixtures experienced performance degra

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Wu, Yang, Xiaoya Bian, Jie Liu, Ruan Chi, and Xuyong Chen. "Performance Improvement and Microstructure Characterization of Cement-Stabilized Roadbase Materials Containing Phosphogypsum/Recycled Concrete Aggregate." Materials 16, no. 19 (2023): 6607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16196607.

Full text

Abstract:

The proper reutilization of the phosphogypsum (PG) by-product derived from the production of phosphoric acid and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) from waste concrete in roadbase materials is of great necessity and importance. This investigation tried seeking a new approach to reuse them to high quality, including turning PG into calcinated PG (CPG) via washing and calcination, as well as adopting sodium metasilicate nonahydrate (SMN) to strengthen the roadbase materials of cement-stabilized CPG and RCA. Upon the mix design, with a series of experiments including unconfined compressive strengt

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Hossain, Zahid, and Musharraf Zaman. "Prediction of Dynamic Modulus of Hot Mix Asphalts with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (October 19, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8672654.

Full text

Abstract:

This study evaluated the viscoelastic properties of a performance grade (PG) binder blended with different percentages of binders recovered from reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) for conditions (materials, climate, and specifications) prevailing in Oklahoma. The viscoelastic properties of the blended binders were then used to estimate dynamic modulus ( E ∗ ) values of the new mixes with RAP by using the Witczak model through time-temperature superposition (TTS) principles. The recovered binder from RAP was found to be significantly stiffer than the virgin binder (PG 64-22). The addition of RAP

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Boudnani, Zeine Elabidine, Glaoui Bachir, Merbouh M’hammed, Francisco Silva, and Jorge B. Sousa. "Parallel Plate Gap Height Effect on DSR Measurements of GTR Modified Binders." Romanian Journal of Transport Infrastructure 13, no. 2 (2024): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.2478/rjti-2024-0015.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The current Superpave performance grade (PG) specification uses a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) with a 1-mm gap height to determine the high-temperature performance grade of asphalt rubber binders. Concerns have arisen that rubber particulates exceeding 25% of the gap height might skew the measurements, leading to properties that do not accurately represent the actual behavior of ground tire rubber modified binders. This study explores adjusting the 1-mm gap height to better measure the high-temperature performance properties of these binders and minimize the interaction effects betwe

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Chang, Huanyu, Xuesen Wang, Naren Fang, and Kang Yu. "Research on Urban Road Design Method in South China Based on Climate Zoning." Sustainability 17, no. 4 (2025): 1671. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17041671.

Full text

Abstract:

The urban climate in South China is marked by high complexity and substantial precipitation, posing significant challenges to road performance. This study focuses on the importance of precise climate zoning for urban roads in South China and the application of performance grade (PG) asphalt grading technology to enhance pavement durability. Meteorological data from multiple stations across the region were analyzed to identify key climatic indicators. Using spatial interpolation methods and fuzzy c-means clustering, urban roads were classified into five distinct climate zones. Zone I has the hi

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Singhvi, Punit, Javier J. García Mainieri, Hasan Ozer, Brajendra K. Sharma, and Imad L. Al-Qadi. "Effect of Chemical Composition of Bio- and Petroleum-Based Modifiers on Asphalt Binder Rheology." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (2020): 3249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093249.

Full text

Abstract:

In recent years, increased use of recycled asphalt materials (RAP) has created a need for softer binders to compensate stiffer binder coming from RAP. Economic alternatives, like recycled oils and proprietary bio-based oils, can be potential modifiers that will reduce the dependence on petroleum-based alternatives. However, there is limited information on the long-term rheological performance of binders modified with proprietary modifiers. These modifiers are chemically complex and their interaction with binders further complicates the binder chemistry. Therefore, the objective of this study w

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Lukanen, Erland O., Chunhua Han, and Eugene L. Skok. "Probabilistic Method of Asphalt Binder Selection Based on Pavement Temperature." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1609, no. 1 (1998): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1609-02.

Full text

Abstract:

The Strategic Highway Research Program, conducted in the United States and Canada from 1987 to 1992, included a significant asphaltic concrete study. The study included a new grading method for asphalt binders, performance grading, resulting in what is termed PG asphalt. The grade selection process is based on air temperature distribution. Since 1994, the Long-Term Pavement Performance program has established a seasonal monitoring program that consists of a number of sites with air and pavement temperature sensors and a data logger that records the air and pavement temperatures hourly. These d

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

El atrash, Khlifa Saad, and Gabriel J. Assaf. "EVALUATING FACTORS INFLUENCING ASPHALT ROAD CONSTRUCTION QUALITY IN HIGH TEMPERATURE CONDITION (CASE STUDY)." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 10, no. 1 (2019): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.1203.2019.

Full text

Abstract:

Libya use a volumetric analysis in designing asphalt mixtures, which can also be upgraded in hot weather. However, the condition of some roads was further down than the required level. Rutting is one of the major defects that occur in asphalt pavements in the southern desert of Libya and severely influence the drive-ability. A questionnaire surveys and laboratory experiments were performed for a few mixes under representative temperature and traffic load. In laboratory, rutting test conducted on two different asphalt mixtures. The first mix used an asphalt binder B (60/70) at optimum bitumen c

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Jee, Haemi. "Physical activity trajectories of different grade levels of male adolescents in association of academic performance and mental health." Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation 19, no. 5 (2023): 258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12965/jer.2346352.176.

Full text

Abstract:

Regularly performed daily moderate to vigorous physical activity (PA) is recommended to promote physical and mental health in adolescents. However, sedentary behavior has been reported with ever-increasing demand for competition without clear understanding of the relationship between PA and mental health and academic performance. Therefore, this study observed the changes in the amount PA in 6 grade levels in relation to mental health and academic performance. This study ana-lyzed the amount of moderate and vigorous PA, sedentary time, mental health, and academic performance in male adolescent

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Jabbar, Hawraa F., Miami M. Hilal, and Mohammed Y. Fattah. "Assessment of Asphalt Mixtures Enhanced with Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene and Polyvinyl Chloride Through Rheological, Physical, Microscopic, and Workability Analyses." Journal of Composites Science 9, no. 7 (2025): 341. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9070341.

Full text

Abstract:

This study investigates the performance improvement of asphalt binders through the incorporation of two polymers, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS), with asphalt grade (60–70), to address the growing demand for durable and climate-resilient pavement materials, particularly in areas exposed to high temperatures like Iraq. The main objective is to improve the mechanical characteristics, thermal stability, and workability of typical asphalt mixtures to extend pavement lifespan and lessen maintenance costs. A thorough set of rheological, physical, morphological, and work

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Kocak, Salih. "Rheological Characterization of Ground Tire Rubber Modified Asphalt Binders with Parallel Plate and Concentric Cylinder Geometries." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (2023): 2880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15042880.

Full text

Abstract:

Recently, scrap tire rubber-modified asphalt binders and pavements have been the preferred choice of state DOTs and parties involved due to the desirable engineering, as well as economic and environmental impacts. Rheological and mechanical properties of rubber modifications have been the main focus of researchers for the last couple of decades. This paper investigates the rutting potential, fatigue cracking resistance, and continuous performance grade (CPG) changes of waste tire rubber-modified, original, and aged asphalt binders. The CPG of asphalt binders is determined at high, intermediate

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Wu, Yang, Xingye Zhou, Xudong Wang, and Lingyan Shan. "Long-Term Service Performance of Hard-Grade Asphalt Concrete Base Pavement Based on Accelerated Loading Test of Full-Scale Structure." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (2022): 9712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159712.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to evaluate the feasibility of using hard-grade asphalt concrete in China’s highway construction, based on the accelerated loading test of the full-scale track of the Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport (RIOHTrack), the long-term service performance of hard-grade asphalt concrete base pavement was studied, and its actual service effect was evaluated. The study found that hard-grade asphalt concrete has higher strength, modulus and high-temperature stability. Although the low-temperature performance is generally not as good as that of asphalt, with a penetration grade (

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!