Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Performance of Strategic Alliance'

Background

Strategic alliances have become increasingly popular within the business world, they can be seen as a way to improve the total output of the firm. Over the last 10 years, the industry endured trying times, the most notable being the events of September 11, 2001. That event drastically changed airline traveling all across the world. It also showed the importance of collaborations in order to stay competitive. Star Alliance began in 1997 and has since then grown into

the world’s largest airline alliance with a total market share of 25.1%.

Purpose

The raison d’être of this study is to quantify and analyze the augmentation of load factors over time, in terms of distribution, as they pertain to capacity performance of allied carriers within Star Alliance.

Method

In order to fulfill the purpose, a deductive approach to the research has been taken. Furthermore, due to the nature of the data, a quantitative approach has been used within. Two hypotheses will be stated and several research questions as well.

Result

It can be clearly seen that distribution of load factors has transformed during the years. There is a shift in both the skewness and the kurtosis of the distributions that can be seen when examining the frequency distribution charts. The kurtosis increases and the skew decreases, measures that are positive for the airlines, while the anomalies of 0% and 100% load factor have remained stable throughout the years. A general increase in the average load factors has also been seen.

Conclusion

By analyzing the empirical findings, it is clear that the load factor of the allied members has increased and that the proportion of the denied boardings decreased in relation to the average load factor. This means that the alternative hypothesis was accepted in the first hypothesis and that the second alternative hypothesis was accepted in the second hypothesis. The research also reveals a generally increased mean which together with the changes in the skew and kurtosis lead to an acceptance of the beta distribution. Furthermore, higher load factors were shown to have a strong correlation with the increase in efficiency and decrease in overselling.

This dissertation focused on an increasingly prevalent phenomenon in today’s global business environment—strategic alliance portfolio. Building on resource-based view, resource dependency theory and real options theory, this dissertation adopted a multi-dimensional perspective to examine the performance implications, strategic antecedents of alliance portfolio configuration, and its strategic effects on firms’ decision-making on their continuing foreign expansion. The dissertation consisted of three interrelated essays, each of which dealt with a specific research question. In the first essay I applied a two-dimensional construct that embraces both alliance relations’ and alliance partners’ attributes to illustrate alliance portfolio configuration. Based on this framework, a longitudinal study was conducted attempting to explore the performance properties of alliance portfolio configuration. The results revealed that alliance diversity and partner diversity have different relative contributions to firms’ economic performance. The relationship between alliance portfolio configuration and firm performance was shaped by degree of multinationality in a curvilinear pattern. The second essay attempted to identify the firm level driving forces of alliance portfolio configuration and how these forces interacting with firms’ internationalization influence firms’ strategic choices on alliance portfolio configuration. The empirical results indicated that past alliance experience, slack resource and firms’ brand images are three critical determinants shaping alliance portfolios, but those shaping relationships are conditioned by firms’ multinationality. The third essay primarily employed real options theory to build a conceptual framework, revealing how country-, alliance portfolio-, firm-, and industry level factors and their interactions influence firms’ strategic decision-making on post-entry continuing expansion in foreign markets. The two empirical studies were resided in global hospitality and travel industries and use panel data to test the relevant theoretical models. Overall, the dissertation advanced and enriched the theoretical domain of alliance portfolio. It particularly shed valuable insights on three fundamental questions in the domain of alliance portfolio research, namely “if and how alliance portfolios contribute to firms’ economic performance”; “what determines the appearance of alliance portfolios; and “how alliance portfolios affect firms’ strategic decision-making”. This dissertation also extended the international business and strategic management research on service multinationals’ foreign expansion and performance.

Les alliances stratégiques connaissent depuis quelques décennies un fort essor tant en termes de pratiques managériales des entreprises qu’en termes de recherches académiques. Cet essor s’est accompagné de nombreuses controverses sur leurs issues (performances) et sur les facteurs les influençant. Par cette recherche, notre objectif est d’appréhender le phénomène des alliances stratégiques asymétriques en identifiant ses principales caractéristiques et les facteurs susceptibles d’influencer positivement ou négativement sa performance. Dans cette perspective, notre première phase de recherche a consisté en la réalisation d’un état de l’art sur les concepts des alliances stratégiques en général, des alliances asymétriques en particulier et de la performance. Sur cette base, nous avons pu établir huit hypothèses de recherche que nous avons ensuite testé en adoptant une démarche qualitative par étude de 10 cas d’alliances asymétriques. Notre application empirique a concerné les alliances stratégiques entre les PME françaises et les firmes multinationales opérant dans l’industrie aéronautique et a été conduite du point de vue des PME impliquées. L’analyse de nos hypothèses de recherche nous a permis d’obtenir trois résultats principaux : l’existence de liens forts entre les spécificités des partenaires et leurs motifs pour ces alliances; l’existence de liens négatifs importants entre certaines asymétries entre les partenaires (taille, culture organisationnelle et expériences d’alliances) et la performance relationnelle ; et l’existence de liens positifs importants entre la complémentarité des ressources des PME et des multinationales impliquées et leurs résultats quantitatifs (performance financière et apprentissage organisationnel). Nos résultats confortent certaines recherches antérieures sur les caractéristiques et la performance des alliances asymétriques. Ils peuvent aussi faire l’objet de recommandations pratiques aux dirigeants des PME impliquées dans ces relations
Strategic alliances in recent decades experienced a strong growth both in terms of firms management practices and in terms of academic research. This growth has been accompanied by many controversy concerning their outcomes (performance) and the factors influencing these outcomes. Through this research, our objective is to understand the phenomenon of asymmetric strategic alliances by identifying its main characteristics and factors that may positively or negatively influence its performance. In this perspective, our research first phase consisted of the realization of a state of the art on the concepts of strategic alliances in general, asymmetric alliances in particular and performance. On this basis, we established eight research hypotheses that we tested by adopting a qualitative approach by studying 10 cases of asymmetric alliances. Our empirical application concerned strategic alliances between French SMEs and multinational companies operating in the aviation industry and was conducted from the perspective of SMEs involved. Analysis of our research hypotheses allowed us to obtain three main results: the existence of strong links between partners specificities and their alliances motivation; the existence of significant negative links between between partners asymmetries in terms of (size, organizational culture and experiences) and relational performance; and the existence of significant positive relationship between SMEs and multinationals involved resources complementarity and their quantitative results (financial performance and organizational learning). Our results confirm some previous research concerning of asymmetric alliances characteristics and performance. They can also be objects of practical recommendations to managers of SMEs involved in these relationships

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2009.
Title from document title page (viewed on August 5, 2009). Document formatted into pages; contains: ix, 132 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-121).

Much has been made in recent times about the increase in the use of strategic alliances as a means of improving business effectiveness, efficiency and responsiveness. Indeed, the role played by strategic alliances within contemporary business management research can be argued to have supplanted the flrm as the dominant area ofresearch for academicians. The prevailing paradigm for analysis of the shifting boundaries between flrms and markets has been that of economic rationality, where efficiency is the guiding principle. Within the formalisation of Transaction Cost Economics under Williamson (1975), inter-flrm collaboration has been viewed as an intermediate organisational form that in certain circumstances can be superior to either internal governance or market transactions. However an alternative approach; that of Social Exchange Theory, builds upon foundations of reciprocity and trust and in so doing, shines an alternative light upon the exchange process. It is the purpose of this research to bring together the theories of Transaction Cost Economics and Social Exchange Theory in a discussion of strategic alliance performance. This research suggests that it is the presence of a social contract and the development of trust between alliance partners that will lead to the enhancement of alliance performance. This research also builds upon the knowledge-based view of the frrm and seeks to provide a bifurcation of the constituent elements of knowledge within alliances. Adopting structural equation modelling as the means of analysis, this research fmds evidence for the positive role played by the relational elements of a social contract and trust upon alliance performance, whilst fInding support for the hypothesis that certain structural elements of knowledge have a retarding effect on said performance. Interestingly, knowledge integration is found to have no signiflcant relationship with alliance performance. The implications of these flndings are discussed and future research directions are considered

In the era of competitive global environment and technology-based organisations, managers are pressured to find ways to maintain their competitive advantage. Management has the responsibility to maintain their competitive advantage whilst maintaining the profitability of the organisation. This responsibility includes decisions regarding the retention of profitable customers, and the minimisation of costs to improve profitability of services. The analysis of cost and profitability of individual services and customers represents a critical issue with which Strategic Logistical Alliance (SLA) should be concerned SLA has proved to be a market leader within the logistics services market whilst maintaining profitability in most of its core business functions, with the exception of the warehousing and distribution function. The reasons for a lack of profitability in the warehousing and distribution function are inadequate planning, controlling and decision-making within these functions. The main reasons for these problems are incorrect cost allocations, the non-reflection of the true cost of activities, unprofitable pricing and the lack of effective performance management. 'The primary objective of this study is to analyse the existing cost allocation system, the cost management system and the performance management system of SLA, focusing on the warehousing and distribution functions. The study addresses the shortcomings of the existing system and recommends activity-based performance management as a possible solution. To achieve this primary objective, a number of secondary objectives were relevant. The research was conducted at SLA in Gauteng. The research comprised a literature study and an empirical survey using structured interviews to obtain information from relevant staff and managers. 'The empirical study was further extended by obtaining permission from top management to gather information by observation of activities and processes carried out by staff in the warehouse and distribution function. For management of SLA to achieve their goal of becoming a profitable leading third-party logistical service provider, a combination of tools should be used, which include activity-based costing, cost management and performance management. Activity-based performance management will enable management to gain useful information for decision-making to achieve their goal.
Thesis (M.Com. (Management Accounting))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

La mondialisation de l’économie et l’internationalisation des marchés ont entrainé le développement sans précédent des alliances stratégiques. De nombreux travaux de recherches se sont attachés à décrire et tenter d'expliquer ce phénomène notamment en s'intéressant à leurs modes de gouvernance. Dans la plupart des travaux, deux modes de gouvernance sont identifiés et théorisés : la gouvernance contractuelle et la gouvernance relationnelle. Dans le prolongement de ces travaux, l'étude de la relation entre mode de gouvernance et performance occupe une place de choix en sciences de gestion. Partant de ce corpus, cette recherche vise à répondre à la question suivante : "Dans quelle mesure la structure de la gouvernance peut-elle améliorer la performance d'alliance?". En mobilisant la théorie des coûts de transactions (Williamson, 1985) et la théorie de l’échange social (Blau, 1964 ; Homans, 1961), cette recherche développe un modèle intégrateur à travers neuf hypothèses de recherche, permettant de comprendre le lien entre la gouvernance contractuelle, la gouvernance relationnelle et la performance d’alliance stratégique. Avec la collaboration de l'association France Biotech, ce modèle a été testé auprès d’un échantillon représentatif des firmes biotechnologiques françaises. La validation des hypothèses de recherche a été faite en ayant recours à la méthode PLS. Trois principaux résultats importants ont émergé : le choix de la gouvernance contractuelle est fortement recommandé en cas de forte spécificité des actifs investis dans l’alliance, une forte dépendance vis à vis du partenaire défavorise le recours à la gouvernance relationnelle ; et l’effet positif de la gouvernance relationnelle sur la performance d’alliance est plus fort que celui de la gouvernance contractuelle
Economic globalization and internationalization of markets have led to an unprecedented development of strategic alliances. Many research projects have tried to describe and explain this phenomenon, some via exploration of modes of governance. Contractual and relational governance are the two modes of governance identified and theorized upon in the majority of these works. Extending this research avenue further in the area of Management Sciences, a prominent place is held by the relationship between mode of governance and performance. Based on this corpus, this research aims to answer the following question: “To what extent can the governance structure improve the performance of an alliance?” Mobilizing transaction cost theory (Williamson, 1985) and social exchange theory (Blau, 1964 ; Homans, 1961) this research develops an integrative model through nine research hypotheses in an effort to understand the link between contractual governance, relational governance and performance of strategic alliances. Thanks to collaboration with the French Biotech association, the model has been tested using a representative sample of French Biotech firms. The research hypotheses were validate using the PLS method. Three main important results emerge : contractual governance is a strongly recommended choice if there is a high level of asset specificity invested in the alliance ; in the case of strong dependence on a partner, relational governance is not the ideal choice ; and relational governance has a stronger positive effect on alliance performance than does contractual governance

The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate post-international strategic alliance (ISA) formation issues, which have been neglected in the ISA literature. The specific research questions were 1) how do ISA partners develop their relationships? 2) how does this relationship development impact effective management of resources contributed by each ISA partner? and 3) how does effective resource management influence ISA performance? Data were collected by mail and web surveys from those who were/are involved in ISA operations. Structural equation modeling using LISREL was employed to test the conceptual model and multiple regression analysis was adopted to test the moderating effects in the model. The model was modified by introducing second order factors to correctly interpret the relationships between factors and achieve a more parsimonious model. Results indicate that alliance partnership interactions between ISA partners (i.e., reciprocity, transparency, formal and informal communication, two-way and participative communication, and cultural sensitivity) positively influenced the development of desire for joint action between them which is based on trust and commitment. Desire for joint action positively influenced alliance coordination effectiveness (ACE: integration and utilization of resources) which underlies effective resource management between ISA partners. ACE positively affected ISA performance. Market environment turbulence (i.e., host government interference and technology turbulence), however, did not have moderating effects between ACE and ISA performance. The first question was answered by introducing alliance partnership interaction factors which influence the building of the positive relationship between ISA partners. The introduction of ACE explained how ISA partners manage the resources provided by each partner. The significant impact of ACE on ISA performance and the nonsignificant impact of the moderating variables indicate that ACE has strong impact on ISA performance that can absorb the effects of host government interference and technology turbulence in the operation of ISAs.

"This thesis investigates the influence of company and executive characteristics on strategic alliance formation (decision to form alliances, alliance type selection and choice of alliance partners) and performance evaluation of alliances, in the Australian tourism industry sector of travel. The significance of forming strategic alliances as a way of achieving 'harambe' is emphasised throughout this thesis. 'Harambe' is a ki-Swahili term meaning "to pull together, or to work together or to pull the same rope together at the same time" in harmony. The idea here is that companies pool their resources together through strategic alliances to be able to achieve their strategic goals and objectives. The research focuses on three travel sub-sectors - travel agencies, tour operators and wholesalers and how these sub-sectors relate with those of transport and accommodation." -
Doctor of Philosophy

"This thesis investigates the influence of company and executive characteristics on strategic alliance formation (decision to form alliances, alliance type selection and choice of alliance partners) and performance evaluation of alliances, in the Australian tourism industry sector of travel. The significance of forming strategic alliances as a way of achieving 'harambe' is emphasised throughout this thesis. 'Harambe' is a ki-Swahili term meaning "to pull together, or to work together or to pull the same rope together at the same time" in harmony. The idea here is that companies pool their resources together through strategic alliances to be able to achieve their strategic goals and objectives. The research focuses on three travel sub-sectors - travel agencies, tour operators and wholesalers and how these sub-sectors relate with those of transport and accommodation." -
Doctor of Philosophy

Les alliances stratégiques sont devenues autant une nécessité qu'un choix pour les entreprises afin d'être compétitif sur les marchés d'aujourd'hui. Toutefois, faire fonctionner les alliances stratégiques n'est pas une évidence. Des taux de défaillance entre 30% et jusqu'à 70% ont été régulièrement signalés. Un nombre important de recherches a examiné comment ces chiffres pouvaient être améliorés. La sélection de partenaires a été identifiée comme l'un des facteurs clés de la réussite. En fait, les attributs spécifiques de chaque partenaire, influant même sur la sélection de ces mêmes partenaires, ont tendance à avoir des effets boule de neige au-delà de la phase de formation, jusqu'aux phases de conception et de post-formation. S'appuyant sur des recherches antérieures étudiant l'attribut « réputation », cette thèse vient combler une lacune en explorant le rôle que peut jouer la réputation pour la performance environnementale dans la détermination des avantages individuels et communs dans les différentes phases des alliances stratégiques. Dans quatre essais indépendants mais interconnectés, des questions de recherche spécifiques sont théoriquement examinées sous la « Natural-Resource-Based View (NRBV) » et la « Strategic Cognition Perspective ». Les hypothèses de l'étude sont testées empiriquement à partir des données recueillies auprès des PDG et des cadres supérieurs dans 176 entreprises manufacturières norvégiennes
Strategic alliances have become as much a necessity as a choice for companies to be competitive in today's markets. However, making strategic alliances work is not evident. Failure rates between 30% and as high as 70% have been regularly reported. A substantial stream of research has examined how these numbers can be improved. Partner selection has been identified as a key success factor. In fact, partner-specific attributes, affecting which partners are selected, tend to have snowball effects beyond the formation phase to the design and postformation phases. Building on previous studies investigating the attribute of reputation, this thesis fills a gap by exploring the role reputation for environmental performance can play in determining firm-specific and joint competitive advantages in the different phases of strategic alliances. In four individual but connected Essays, specific research questions are theoretically examined under the Natural-Resource-Based View (NRBV) and Strategic Cognition Perspective. The study's hypotheses are empirically tested using data collected from CEOs and top managers in 176 Norwegian manufacturing firms

La finalització de les aliances estratègiques ha atret l’atenció dels investigadors durant dècades. Des dels inicis de la recerca en matèria d’aliances, els estudis han reconegut el caràcter flexible i temporal dels acords entre empreses. La finalització d’una aliança representa una fase important del cicle de vida de l’aliança i una activitat bàsica de la reestructuració del portfolio d’aliances. La recerca realitzada s’ha centrat en estudiar els motius de la finalització, però són pocs els estudis que han analitzat les seves conseqüències. Aquest és un fet sorprenent donada la flexibilitat de defineix les aliances així com la freqüència de les finalitzacions d’aliances. Si bé és valuós saber per què les empreses abandonen les aliances, les organitzacions també necessiten entendre les conseqüències de la finalització i quina relació tenen amb les condicions que defineixen l’aliança, per tal de gestionar millor les estratègies col·laboratives. En conseqüència, l’objectiu general d’aquesta tesi doctoral és estudiar empíricament les implicacions de la finalització d’una aliança des de la perspectiva de l’organització. Per assolir aquest objectiu, s’ha fet una recollida àmplia de dades d’aliances formades entre els anys 1990 i 2005 en el sector de les ciències de la vida. L’historial de les aliances i les seves finalitzacions al llarg de l’any 2015 ha estat analitzat a traves de notes de premsa de diverses bases de dades. A més, la revisió de la bibliografia ha evidenciat que manquen recerques empíriques sobre finalitzacions que no corresponguin a JV, així com la importància de diferenciar entre dues formes destacades de finalització: la dissolució i la internalització (és a dir, l’adquisició després de l’aliança), cosa que ha portat a incorporar la governança de les JV i la manera com s’ha fet la finalització a tots els estudis. Atesa la importància de les aliances en l’accés a recursos externs valuosos (tàcits) i la reconfiguració dels recursos que suposa qualsevol finalització d’una aliança, aquesta tesi es basa predominantment en la concepció de l’empresa basada en els recursos (RBV) i basada en el coneixement (KBV). Concretament, s’han dut a terme tres estudis a fi d’examinar els resultats organitzatius relacionats amb (1) el rendiment de l’empresa, (2) la innovació i la construcció de coneixement i (3) la necessitat d’entendre la finalització de les aliances per la via de la internalització. Per entendre’n millor les conseqüències sobre el rendiment de l’empresa, en el primer estudi s’utilitza l'anàlisi d'esdeveniments i de regressió per tal d’examinar la relació existent entre les formes de finalització, els motius d’aquesta, així com la governança JV i la reacció del mercat davant els anuncis de finalització de l’aliança. Els resultats demostren que la dissolució de l’aliança té un efecte generalment negatiu sobre el valor de mercat de l’empresa, mentre que la internalització de l’aliança presenta uns coeficients positius, per no significatius. La interacció significativa entre la forma de finalització de l’aliança i els seus motius explica, a més, que la internalització crea valor de mercat quan la finalització és motivada pel creixement i per un reajustament, mentre que la dissolució en aquestes condicions té un efecte negatiu. Els motius de finalització relacionats amb el rendiment i el creixement de les condicions externes tenen un efecte negatiu sobre el valor de l’empresa en les dues formes de finalització, mentre que la governança de la JV no té influència en aquestes relacions. Al segon estudi, s’analitzen les repercussions de la finalització d’una aliança sobre la innovació i la construcció de coneixement aplicant el mètode DD i l’estimació coincident a una mostra d’aliances d’R+D dissoltes i no dissoltes. Les conclusions mostren que la finalització de les aliances redueix significativament el rendiment de la innovació, que la construcció de coneixement és menys diversa, des del punt de vista tecnològic, i, sorprenentment, menys orientada internament després de la finalització. No obstant això, els resultats no mostren un impacte significatiu de la finalització en la construcció de coneixement entre empreses, ni tampoc cap efecte moderador de la governança de la JV, de la proximitat geogràfica, d’altres aliances similars en el sector i de l’R+D interna. Per altre banda, la mida del portfolio d’aliances redueix significativament l’efecte negatiu sobre el rendiment de la innovació, la diversitat tecnològica i l’orientació interna. En relació als diferents efectes de la internalització de l’aliança que s’han demostrat al primer estudi i, en base a les escasses recerques inicials que s’han localitzat sobre el tema, el tercer estudi desenvolupa una revisió sistemàtica de la internalització de l’aliança, per oferer una visió panoràmica de la transició de l’aliança entre empreses a l’organització interna. La revisió presenta un model de condicions que guien la internalització de l’aliança i analitza les evidències de les implicacions de la internalització sobre el rendiment. A més de les limitacions de l'estudi, la tesi conclou amb la discussió integrada dels resultats, dels que destaca la importància de l'anàlisi de la finalització de les aliances pel desenvolupament de les teories de l'organització i la col·laboració de forma més global.
La terminación de las alianzas estratégicas ha atraído la atención de los académicos durante décadas. Desde los inicios de la investigación en materia de alianzas, los estudios han reconocido el carácter flexible y temporal de los acuerdos entre empresas. La terminación de una alianza constituye una fase importante del ciclo de vida de la misma y una actividad básica de la reestructuración del portfolio de alianzas. Investigaciones previas se han centrado en descubrir los motivos de la terminación, pero son pocos los estudios que han analizado sus consecuencias. Esto resulta sorprendente teniendo en cuenta la flexibilidad que define las alianzas estratégicas y la frecuencia de las terminaciones. Si bien es valioso saber por qué las empresas abandonan las alianzas, las organizaciones también deben entender las implicaciones de la terminación y cómo se relacionan con las condiciones que definen la alianza para abordar mejor las estrategias de colaboración. En consecuencia, el objetivo general de esta tesis doctoral es estudiar empíricamente las implicaciones de la terminación de una alianza desde la perspectiva de la organización. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se ha efectuado una recogida expansiva de datos sobre alianzas formadas entre 1990 y 2005 en el sector de las ciencias de la vida. El historial de las alianzas y sus terminaciones a lo largo de 2015 ha sido analizado a partir de notas de prensa de varias bases de datos. Además, la revisión de la literatura ha revelado que escasean las investigaciones empíricas sobre terminaciones que no correspondan a JV, así como la importancia de distinguir entre dos modos destacados de terminación: la disolución y la internalización (es decir, la adquisición tras la alianza), impulsado la incorporación de la gobernanza de las alianzas (JV-noJV) y del modo de terminación en todos los estudios. Dada la importancia de las alianzas para acceder a valiosos recursos externos (tácitos) y la reconfiguración de recursos inherentes a la terminación de las mismas, esta tesis se fundamenta en la concepción de la empresa basada en los recursos (RBV) y en el conocimiento (KBV). En concreto, se han desarrollado tres estudios con el fin de examinar los resultados organizativos relacionados con (1) el desempeño de la empresa, (2) la innovación y la construcción de conocimiento y (3) la necesidad de comprender la terminación de las alianzas por la vía de la internalización. Para comprender mejor las repercusiones sobre el desempeño de la empresa, en el primer estudio se ha utilizado el análisis de eventos y de regresión con el fin de examinar la relación existente entre el modo de terminación, el motivo del mismo, así como la gobernanza JV y la reacción del mercado ante el anuncio de la terminación. Los resultados demuestran que la disolución de la alianza tiene un efecto generalmente negativo sobre el valor de mercado de la empresa, mientras que la internalización de la alianza presenta unos coeficientes positivos, pero no significativos. La interacción significativa entre el modo de terminación de la alianza y el motivo de la terminación explica, además, que la internalización crea valor de mercado cuando la terminación viene motivada por el crecimiento y por una reestructuración, mientras que la disolución en estas condiciones tiene un efecto negativo. Los motivos de terminación relacionados con el desempeño y el aumento de las condiciones externas tienen un efecto negativo sobre el valor de la empresa en los dos modos de terminación, mientras que la gobernanza JV no influye en estas relaciones. En el segundo estudio, se analiza las repercusiones de la terminación de una alianza sobre la innovación y la construcción de conocimiento, aplicando el método DD y la estimación coincidente a una muestra de alianzas de I+D disueltas y no disueltas. Las conclusiones revelan que la terminación de una alianza reduce significativamente el desempeño de la innovación, que la construcción de conocimiento resulta menos diversa desde el punto de vista tecnológico y, contra todo pronóstico, menos orientada internamente tras la terminación. Sin embargo, los resultados no muestran un impacto significativo de la terminación en la construcción de conocimiento entre empresas, ni tampoco un efecto moderador de la gobernanza JV, la proximidad geográfica, las alianzas en el sector y la I+D interna. Por otro lado, el tamaño del portfolio de alianzas parece reducir significativamente el efecto negativo sobre el desempeño de la innovación, la diversidad tecnológica y la orientación interna. Con relación a los distintos efectos de la internalización de la alianza que se han evidenciado en el primer estudio y dadas las escasas investigaciones previas encontradas sobre el tema, el tercer estudio lleva a cabo una revisión sistemática de la internalización de la alianza para ofrecer una visión panorámica sobre la transición de las alianzas entre empresas a la organización interna. Esta revisión presenta un modelo de condiciones que guía la internalización de la alianza y analiza las evidencias de las implicaciones de la internalización sobre el desempeño. Además de las limitaciones del estudio, la tesis concluye con la discusión integrada de los resultados, sobre los que destaca la importancia del análisis de la terminación de las alianzas para el desarrollo de las teorías de la organización y la colaboración de forma más global.
Strategic alliance exit has drawn scholarly attention for decades. Since the inception of alliance research, studies have recognized the flexible and temporal character of interfirm agreements. Alliance exit constitutes an important phase of the alliance life cycle and a key activity in alliance portfolio restructuring. Previous research has largely focused on uncovering the motives for alliance exit while scarce research has examined the implications of exit. This is surprising given the frequency of exit and considering flexibility is a defining feature of alliances. While it is valuable to know why firms exit alliances, organizations also need to understand the implications of exit, and how they relate to alliance, exit, and firm conditions to better inform collaborative strategy. Accordingly, the overarching objective of this PhD Thesis is to empirically investigate alliance exit implications from an organizational level perspective. To achieve this objective, an expansive data collection effort was undertaken on alliances formed from 1990-2005 in the Life Science industry. Alliance histories and exits were tracked through 2015 using press releases from various databases. Additionally, literature reviews revealed a lack of empirical research on non-JV exit and the important distinction between two prominent exit modes: dissolution and internalization (i.e. post alliance acquisition), prompting the incorporation of JV governance and exit mode throughout the studies. Provided the importance of alliances for accessing valuable external (tacit) resources, and the resource reconfiguration inherent in alliance exit, this thesis builds predominantly on the resource-based and knowledge-based views of the firm. Specifically, three studies were conducted to examine organizational outcomes related to (1) firm performance, (2) innovation and knowledge building, and (3) to nuance the understanding of alliance exit via internalization. To better understand firm performance implications, the first study employs an event-study methodology and regression models to examine the relationship between exit modes, motives, and JV governance and the market reaction to alliance exit announcements. The results demonstrate that alliance dissolution has an overall negative effect on firm market value while alliance internalization shows positive but non-significant coefficients. A significant interaction between alliance exit mode and motives further explains that internalization creates market value when exit is motivated by growth and refocusing, while dissolution under these conditions has a negative effect. Exit motives related to performance issues and external conditions growth have a negative impact on firm value under both exit modes while JV governance did not influence these relationships. To study the innovation and knowledge-building implications of alliance exit, the second study applies a difference-in-differences and matching estimation to a sample of exited and non-exited R&D alliances. The findings reveal that alliance exit significantly reduces innovation performance, knowledge building becomes less technologically diverse, and unexpectedly, less internally oriented after exit. However, the results do not show a meaningful impact of exit on interfirm knowledge building, nor a moderating effect of JV governance, geographic proximity, same industry alliances, and internal R&D. To the contrary, alliance portfolio size is shown to significantly reduce the negative effect on innovation performance, technological diversity, and internal orientation. Related to the distinct effects of alliance internalization revealed in the first study and the scarce initial research found on the topic, the third study, a systematic review on alliance internalization, offers cumulative insight on the transition from interfirm alliance to internal organization. The review presents a model of conditions driving alliance internalization and discusses the evidence on the performance implication of internalization. The thesis concludes with an integrated discussion of the findings and limitations and highlights the importance of alliance exit for comprehensive organizational and collaboration theory.

Los determinantes del éxito de las alianzas estratégicas siguen siendo el foco de interés de los investigadores tanto hoy como hace treinta años. A pesar de la extensa investigación, la comprensión actual de una serie de cuestiones sigue siendo poco clara. Un problema es la falta de atención a cómo la gobernanza, es decir, la coordinación, el control, los incentivos, ocurre a través de las actividades formales e informales que se desarrollan entre los socios a medida que la alianza avanza. Para profundizar en la comprensión de esta cuestión es necesario desarrollar un marco conceptual del proceso colaborativo, cuyos elementos podrían ser analizados con respecto a su capacidad para facilitar la gobernabilidad. Este tema se ha desarrollado en el tercer capítulo. Para desarrollar este marco, nos basamos en la descripción de los procesos de alianzas desde la perspectiva relacional y en la conceptualización de las etapas de desarrollo de la práctica desde la perspectiva de la comunidad de práctica. Describimos los dominios de las actividades en las que los socios participan mientras realizan sus tareas. Además, categorizamos las características del proceso frecuentemente empleadas en la investigación de la alianza con respecto a uno de estos dominios y desarrollamos hipótesis sobre las relaciones entre estas características. Por último, se analizan las funciones de gobernanza de distintos dominios de actividad. Otro problema que aún no se ha comprendido completamente es el papel de las características de la estructura social de la alianza en el éxito de la misma. Divergentes resultados empíricos con respecto a la influencia de la distancia entre culturas nacionales y la previa experiencia mutua –las características más estudiadas de la estructura social– sobre el desempeño de la alianza continúan inquietando a los investigadores. Para avanzar en la comprensión de esta cuestión es útil observar cómo estas características afectan a la capacidad de los socios para establecer relaciones de alta calidad. Esta cuestión se ha abordado en el cuarto capítulo. Nos basamos en las perspectivas de lógicas institucionales y de intercambio social para derivar hipótesis sobre el papel que las características de las relaciones entre los socios juegan en la transmisión del efecto de la estructura social sobre el rendimiento de la alianza. Otra cuestión poco explicada está relacionada con el papel de la experiencia previa en el éxito de la alianza. Los hallazgos empíricos sobre esta cuestión son contradictorios. Además, las investigaciones anteriores no distinguían si los diferentes tipos de experiencia previa afectaban el rendimiento de la alianza, el aprendizaje y la capacidad de los socios para construir relaciones de alta calidad de manera diferente. Estos problemas han sido tratados en el quinto capítulo. En general, el objetivo de esta tesis fue avanzar la investigación y facilitar la práctica de la gobernanza de las alianzas estratégicas. Las relaciones hipotéticas han sido exploradas meta-analíticamente. El análisis sistemático de estudios previos permitió una mejor estimación de las correlaciones verdaderas en la población y establecer el grado de generalización de los resultados empíricos. También ayudó a analizar el estado actual de la investigación y a identificar las direcciones útiles para la investigación futura. Los marcos teóricos que se han propuesto ayudaron unificar las contribuciones teóricas y empíricas, y por lo tanto este análisis puede contribuir a comprender mejor las implicaciones del cuerpo acumulado de investigación. La investigación realizada también puede ser útil para que los profesionales comprendan mejor los elementos de la gobernanza relacional informal. Se pueden sugerir qué áreas del proceso de alianzas y su desempeño pueden verse afectadas por características estructurales sociales así como hasta qué punto los diferentes tipos de experiencia previa contribuyen al éxito de una alianza.
Determinants of strategic alliances success remain the focus of researchers’ interest as much today as they did thirty yeas ago. Despite extensive research, current understanding of a number of questions remains unclear. One problem is the lack of attention to how governance – i.e. coordination, control/monitoring, motivation/ incentives – occurs through formal and informal activities unfolding between partners as the alliance moves forward. To deepen the understanding of this question it is necessary to develop such a conceptual framework for collaborative process, elements of which could be analyzed with respect to their capacity to facilitate governance. This topic was developed in the third chapter. To develop such a framework we relied on the description of formal and informal alliance processes from the relational perspective, and on the conceptualization of the developmental stages of practice from the community of practice perspective. We described the domains of activities (stages) in which partners engage while performing their tasks. Furthermore, we assigned the process characteristics frequently employed in the alliance research to one of these domains and developed hypotheses about the relationships between these characteristics. Lastly, we discuss the governance functions of distinct activity domains. Another problem that has not yet been completely understood is the role of alliance social structure characteristics in the alliance success. Divergent empirical findings with respect to the influence of national cultural distance and prior mutual alliance experience – the two most widely studied characteristics of alliance social structure – on alliance performance continue to puzzle researchers. To advance the understanding of this question it is useful to look at how these characteristics affect the ability of partners to establish relationships conducive (or not) to alliance success. This issue has been addressed in the forth chapter. We relied on the institutional logics and the social exchange perspectives to derive hypotheses about the role of the developmental characteristics of interpartner relationships in transmitting the effect of social structure on performance. The hypothesized relationships have been meta-analytically explored. Furthermore, the role of the varying measurement of the constructs among other possible moderating conditions has also been considered. Yet another underexplored question is related to the role of prior experience on alliance success. Empirical findings on this question were conflicting. Furthermore, previous research did not distinguish systematically whether different types of prior experience affect alliance performance, learning, and partners´ ability to build high quality relationships conducive to alliance success differently. These problems have been dealt with in the fifth chapter. We performed a meta-analysis in order to resolve these questions. Overall, the aim of this dissertation was to advance the research on and facilitate the practice of the governance of strategic alliances. Systematic quantitative analysis of empirical findings from individual studies allowed for better estimates of true population correlations and establishing the extent of the generalizability of the current empirical results. It helped to analyze the current state of research objectively and suggest how it can regain force by identifying useful directions for further research. The broad theory-based frameworks that have been proposed unified fragmented theoretical and empirical contributions, and therefore this analysis will help to understand the high-level implications of the accumulated body of research better. The research conducted in this dissertation will also be useful to practitioners by rendering elements of informal relational governance more comprehensible, and by suggesting which areas of alliances process and performance can be affected by social structural characteristics as well as by suggesting how different types of prior experience contribute to an alliance.

碩士
嶺東科技大學
財務金融研究所
94
In recent years, banking industry faces financial liberalization and internationalization, resulting in the strong competition and profit shrinkage. Thus, banks need to propose more aggressive strategy for future development. Strategic alliance would be a good scheme to enhance bank’s competitive advantages and also to create value and synergy for banks. Event study is used to explore the announcement effect of strategic alliance on bank’s short-term performance measured by stock abnormal returns. The samples used in this research include listing banks in Taiwan TSE and OTC from 2000 to 2005. The purpose of this paper aims to examine whether abnormal returns exist following the announcement of strategic alliance of banks. The announcement effect is also further compared by domestic vs. foreign alliance, and intra- vs. inter-industry. In addition, applying for three factors model proposed by Fama and French (1993), we also investigate the long-term performance after announcing strategic alliance for banks in Taiwan. The result found that short term announcement effect does not significantly exist in the strategic alliance in Taiwan banking industry regardless of domestic or foreign, intra or inter industry. In addition, the long-term stock performance three years following strategic alliance is also investigated by adopting three-factor model of Fama and French（1993）. The result shows that there exists better performance after announcing the strategic alliance, especially for cumulative returns up to 2 years after the strategic alliance announcement. The long term performance does produce significantly negative return premium after the alliance announcement.

碩士
大葉大學
資訊管理研究所
89
In the influences of market globalization and technology fast changing, the enterprise will be edged out if it reply only on it’s own resource .The strategic alliance is a good way that enterprise can get more resources and improves it’s ability. Most enterprises in Taiwan are medium/miniature-sized enterprises. When Taiwan join in the WTO in the near further, the enterprise in Taiwan will face a large of tough competitor from all over the world. Therefore, all of enterprises hope to collaborate with other enterprises to improve their business ability. That is, strategic alliance is an important strategy for Taiwan enterprises to become international enterprises. By the impaction of difference culture among the enterprises or alliance member’s trust, strategic alliance always cannot achieve their expectant goals. That mean, it needs a performance evaluation method to identify the problems and improve the performance. Furthermore factors for performance evaluation of strategic alliance are often subjective and qualitative, but traditional numerical evaluation methods have some troublesome in this subjective and qualitative evaluation. Thus a method use of fuzzy sets to evaluate management performance of strategic alliance is proposed. This method is adaptive and simple in terms of evaluation and computation. It allows the evaluators to evaluate the performance directly using linguistic terms, and can add or change evaluation criterion, as they want.

碩士
國立成功大學
國際企業研究所碩博士班
90
Abstract This study investigates the long-run performance of American firms entering international strategic alliances from 1989 to 1998. The evidences suggest that firms experience significant reduction of equity beta which seems to result from reduction of asset beta rather than financial leverage. We also find that cash flow increase significantly after entering strategic alliances indicating that firms improve operating performance. In addition, we examine the three-year holding period return of strategic alliance announcing firms and find significantly positive return which is better than industry comparison firms.

碩士
中原大學
企業管理研究所
95
The main purpose of this research is to penetrating the influence of strategic alliance type and alliance behavior resulting in alliance performance. In the past studies, there were only focused on researching critical factors that experienced successful alliances among ISP, ICP, and ASP industries in Taiwan, but no research or actual scenario were confirmed that ever ally themselves among ISP industries. Hence, this research is based on the structures of stock shares and the perspectives of alliances to differentiate strategic alliance types as well as analyze on choosing alliance management and allying partners from different point of views. The analysis induces critical factors of a successful ISP alliance in Taiwan. The research utilizes the method of case-study as studying objects of those ISP alliances are in progress and are completed. Throughout the in-depth interviews, we are able to develop related questions based on their background and case information. The results of the research are described in the followings: 1.ISPs in Taiwan have common characteristics of more exclusive control in holding more market sharing. The more capitals of ISPs have the more bargaining power can expand their market sharing. small-size ISPs are condensed their scales to pygmies. Thus, fixed-line firms, ISPs, and Internet related firms are compromised by negotiating alliances so they can keep competitive and growing in the market. 2.Both terms of “Exchange stack sharing” and “perspectives of alliance” influence alliance performance to which firms among ISPs in Taiwan conduct allying and choose alliance type. In spite of utilizing type “Horizontal” or “Vertical”, majority choose “Exchange stack sharing” for strategic alliance have better operating performance. Overall, for those don’t choose “Exchange stack sharing” as strategic alliance plan, utilizing type “Horizontal” have better operating performance than the other. 3.The firms are conducting to be allied among ISPs in Taiwan, most of them are deeply aware of “Alliance Behavior” before they are toward the alliance. Most of interviewers’ state “The successful alliances are considered they are all well-planed beforehand and well management and monitoring while the projects are in progress.” Even some of interviewers’ feedback “They subsume assessments and reviews as part of planning projects, so they learn things from the alliance afterward thus enhance to reach their ultimate goal.” 4.In the relationship of each structure, type of alliance directly effect alliance performance; behavior of strategic alliance obviously effect alliance performance too. Furthermore, 4 types of strategic alliances partially effect behavior of alliance management. The factors of choosing allying partners also effect alliance performance.

碩士
南華大學
旅遊事業管理學研究所
91
This study is designed to understand the relationship of the image of strategic alliances、customer value、performance of alliances member、manager behavior、performance of strategic alliances, the objective is to study the performance of Formasa Trip Strategic Alliance. A questionnaire is developed and distributed to the alliances members of Formasa Trip Strategic Alliance. Totally 60 effective questionnaires are analyzed by descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, chi-square test, Factor Analysis, Pearson product-moment correlation and Path analysis. 　 　　The findings of the study are：The most alliances members establish over fifteen years. The predominant motive for joining alliances is the expansion of the customer base and the latent problem of alliances is the level of alliances members is different . The manager behavior have direct effect on the image of strategic alliances and customer value. The image of strategic alliances、manager behavior and customer value have direct effect on performance of strategic.

碩士
國立清華大學
科技管理研究所
94
The pharmaceutical company has two different types that are the large pharmaceutical firm and bio-pharmaceutical firm. First of all, the large pharmaceutical firm is founded by a specialist in chemistry, but later it changes the type of company from chemical firm to pharmaceutical firm. Secondly, the bio-pharmaceutical firm has more powerful biotechnology abilities. Meanwhile, it is used by the technology for drug development, become a pharmaceutical company based on biotechnology. With rapid of development of biotechnology, the structure of pharmacy will be changed by biotech. Most of large pharmaceutical companies like Pfizer were chemical company. It had been developing the drug thought the biotechnology. Nowadays the biotechnology emergence, the time for drug discovery becomes shorter, that is biotechnology more efficient than combinational chemistry for the drug development and drug compound searching, and the biotechnology with DNA recombination makes the process of drug screening become quicker. The technology in biotech is changing everyday; even it is faster than chemistry. Namely, compared with the biotech firm, the large pharmaceutical company which concentrated on the R&D of new drug is not completed in the technology of drug developing, but most of time the biotech company is focused on the R&D of biotechnology, and how to become faster in drug screening through the biotechnology. In the past the times for developing a new drug require 12 years, but the pattern has only 20 years to support the new drug cannot be clone other firms. On the other hand, the firm will spends 3 years to cover all of the drug developing costs with new drug benefits, in other words, the time that can profits from new drug is only 5 years. If the biotechnology can provide the more active method for drug screening, that can be more efficient in process of R&D, which can let the pharmaceutical firm has more time to makes returns. The large pharmaceutical firm can improve its new drug performance if it can build up the alliance with biotech firm. For these reasons, the thesis will focus on the two varied types of pharmaceutical company that the influence on the performance of new drugs after pharmaceutical alliances. The other hand, the information about the whole market of pharmaceutical industry will show detail in this thesis. Finally, we will have the case study with Pfizer which is most famous large pharmaceutical firm, through Pfizer to know the tendency of pharmacy, and then have some suggestions for Taiwan’s pharmaceutical company. Keywords: biotechnology, pharmaceutical, pharmacy, new drug, alliance

碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
運輸倉儲營運所
93
This study is focused on the operating performance of strategic alliance in Taiwan logistic industry, to discuss the impacts on performance in the aspect of strategic alliance partners selection, organization features, strategic alliance types and strategic alliance management, after logistics companies are in a part of strategic alliance. The study is focused on logistics companies in Taiwan and information are collected through questionnaires. Models are built by SEM (Structural Equation Model) and the collected data are analyzed by ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and LISREL statistic software. The study was conducted from middle of March to middle of April 2005. 252 questionnaires in total are issued and 78 questionnaires are returned. 7 out of 78 questionnaires are ineffective. Effective returned rate is 30.95%. The study shows that there is a significant correlation between strategic alliance partners selection and strategic alliance performance, strategic alliance management and strategic alliance performance, and strategic alliance partners selection and strategic alliance management. The study suggests that when conducting strategic alliance, logistics companies shall focus on three key elements: strategic alliance partners selection, strategic alliance management, and strategic alliance performance. The three elements will decide the result of strategic alliance. The study indicates that there is no significant correlation between strategic alliance types and strategic alliance management, and strategic alliance types and strategic alliance performance. For those companies in which the strategic alliance is conducted through equity, the study suggests that these companies shall pay attention to strategic alliance management procedure and require its partner to inform the market status, submit performance evaluation report periodically, and evaluate the fairness of contributed resources and distributed earnings in order to reduce the investment risk and increase the company competency. The organization features will not change the significant correlation level between strategic alliance management and strategic alliance performance. The study suggests that a higher strategic alliance performance would be achieved for those companies with 11 to 20 years experiences and the capital larger than NT. 500 millions

博士
國立中山大學
企業管理學系研究所
94
The purpose of this research is to discuss the Guanxi among the partners of strategic alliance, the influence on the degree of the trust among the strategic alliance partners caused by Guanxi, and the influences on the alliance performance and on the willing to cooperate in the future caused by the degree of the trust. As the internationalization and liberalization developing, many industries aware of the limitation of their own resources. A company is no longer able to compete with others alone, so they try to forge the strategic alliances to get the important resources to achieve their strategic goals. On the other side, the operation of the strategic alliances is deeply influenced by the trust and the interactions among partners. This trust could be broken due to the major differences on the organization cultures and on the management style in different partners, or due to the bad communications. The alliance could be broken because of the lack of the trust. The relationship between Guanxi and Chinese sociality is very closed. For Chinese enterprises, the development of the Guanxi can be the mechanism to overcome both the completion and the shortage of the resources. The managers in Chinese sociality are specially good at manipulate the Guanxi to construct the trust in an organization. They not only rely on the original Guanxi of the relatives and the acquaintances, but also expand the area of connections among people via the introduction of the intermediates. If both managers of two companies of strategic alliances have the interpersonal Guanxi, the degree of the trust between the strategic alliance partners will be higher. This research not only builds a theoretical framework by making a complete survey, but also verifies this framework by collecting and analyzing 112 effective questionnaires according to the structural equation model, SEM. The results show that the differences of basic types of the Guanxi among the alliances will be affected by the degree of the closeness and by the degree of the trust (including benevolence trust and credibility trust, from family, acquaintances, to strangers, in the descending order). The past cooperative experience of the alliance partners and the common interpersonal relationship are also able to affect the degree of the trust. There are also positive influences on the alliance performance for the degree of the trust among alliances (including the degree of satisfaction on the cooperative relationship and the degree of completion of the goals). And this degree of the trust among the alliances and the alliance performance are of the positive influences on the willing for alliances to cooperate in the future. Because the strategic alliance in essence is both competition and cooperation, the companies must carefully consult and discuss with each other when progressing the forge of the strategic alliances. Based on the Guanxi, the alliance partners should enhance the trust and the understanding between each other. If the alliances partners could be sufficiently trusted, it is believed that the alliance performance can be improved and the win-win can be fully achieved.

博士
長庚大學
企業管理研究所博士班
99
The biotech industry is under the premature stage of development. Most biotech companies are classified as SMEs with limited resources and insufficient in industrial experience. Therefore, strategic alliance was adopted as the popular activity for acquiring complementary resources and accelerating development of biotech products. The primary goal of strategic alliance is to develop network relationships with their target allies with which can improve the corporate social capital and the subsequent performance. According to the theory of organizational learning, the organizational performance was increased by the preceding improvements of organizational capability, which was augmented through knowledge exchanges and acquisitions following interactions among alliance parties. In addition to knowledge acquisitions, this study adopted intellectual capital and financial indicators as the organizational performance. Consequently, this study aims to test hypothesis and to construct causal models from constructs of social capital, strategic alliance, knowledge acquisition, and organizational performance in biotech industry, a knowledge based R&D industry. The emerging biotech industry was selected as the primary target of study population, which included three highly R&D oriented core sub-industries as biopharmaceuticals, biomedical test device and materials, and biotechnology/pharmaceutical services. A structured and validated questionnaire was applied to measure study constructs on 40 biotech companies in Taiwan. A multiple linear regression analysis and a path analysis were utilized to test the predetermined hypothesis and causality models. The major findings of this study were shown as follows. 1) Social capital was found as an independent predictor of knowledge acquisitions instead of playing as a moderator between alliances and knowledge acquisitions. 2) Relational construct of social capital was found to have direct effects on structural construct of intellectual capital but not through knowledge acquisitions. However, structural construct and cognitive construct of social capital were demonstrated as indirect predictors of human professional construct of intellectual capital through knowledge acquisitions. 3) Knowledge acquisitions from alliance were positively associated with human professional construct of intellectual capital. 4) Relational construct and human experience construct of intellectual capital were positively associated with financial performance. However, a negative association was found between human professional construct of intellectual capital and financial performance. This study has provided comprehensive information for causal paths among important constructs from strategic alliance to organizational performance in biotech industry. The derived management implications of this study are shown beneficiary to all players in the biotech industry including corporate managers, investors, and policy makers. Biotech companies under emerging industry shall place more attentions on all constructs of corporate social capital in which may enhance the acquisition of knowledge and accumulation of intellectual capital. Intellectual capital may be adopted as a prominent and leading indicator beyond financial performance among biotech companies in determining resource allocations and investments.

碩士
元智大學
工業工程與管理學系
94
This research inquire into Air Force new-typed aircraft, weapon, equipments although have already purchased and operated, but the old type aircraft system were still continue maintaining service. Military is facing investment and maintain cost decreasing embarrassment situation. It is not easy for aircraft, engine and accessory material purchase and maintenance. So, military considerations as maintenance economy, adopt civil aeronautical industry stand by armament system operation. As reach national defense independent propose. Due to military gradually execute organization reform in recent years. Organization policy and economic environment had already changes. Military aircraft strategic alliance was already become important national defense policy. Military studied economic benefits' maintenance works turn to commons aviation factory. In order to establishes efficiency maintenance and repair supper system. This research is base on military policy development condition. Inquire into establish strategic alliance agreement execution system. Research how to improve contrct benefit's success, will affect agreement execute procedural entrust benefit, contrct supervise system and contrct company brings into whole consideration to military aircraft configuration administration. This dissertation is as specific airplane execution depot renovation phase maintenance act for research subject. Evaluation carried out the system of obligation and performance, supply future for military each maintenance factory develops entrust maintenance's reference.

碩士
國立雲林科技大學
會計系
107
The airline industry provides convenient and smoothly running transportation services to promote cross-regional communication and economic development. However, as countries open skies agreements and expand their fleet, the competition among airlines have become more drastic and changes rapidly. It is an urgent business issue for airlines how to survive the competitive pressure and downturn. This study aimed to explore whether airlines can upgrate their competitiveness through strategic alliances and blockchain technology and then improve their operating performance. First, reviewing the relevant literature about combining the curriculum theory and curriculum practice, and the research design is used as available data types. Second, because of the effectiveness of strategic alliances through empirical study to analyze and choose whether joining the three major airline alliances (Star Alliance, SkyTeam and Oneworld) to understand the influences on airline performance. Then via representative cases study to understand the concept of blockchain technology, to explore what is differentt and the potential benefits of its efficiency by airlines implement of blockchain technology. And then, it will be a potential to unlock new technology in the future. Finally, it is discussed how to integrate strategic alliances and blockchain technology to enhance the aspect of service-effectiveness of airlines. Because of lack of data, it can only be analyzed by reasoning method and the classification of this paper indicates that the airline alliance may expect the characteristics of the blockchain to include encryption, smart contracts, digital signatures, etc., to provide appropriate solutions for the information security of the airline industry to improve the service quality and potential benefits of airlines to their customers, it’s time to ready to take up the challenge fearlessly with the goal on commercial benefits in the future.

碩士
銘傳大學
管理科學研究所在職專班
92
This thesis aims at the analysis of the performance of various strategic alliances with different corporation functions and how it influence in postal business and by systems theory in order to understand the external behavior and the role in outer environment. There are three dominant considerations of strategic alliance, namely: outsourcing, agent services, and electronic business. The cooperation function also can be made three types, share resource, share channel, and share information. The performance of strategic alliance includes "the financial performance" and "the performance of social responsibility". To expound the meaning of strategic alliance and the necessity of postal strategic alliance, execute the different postal strategic alliance and explain the relationship between the strategic alliance and corporation function. To study the different methods of strategic alliance, corporation function and performance of strategic alliance, Strategic alliance has a great effect on sharing of outsourcing and resources, sharing of agent services and channels and sharing of e-commerce and information. Mutual help and cooperation between partners of strategic alliance will have a positive and outstanding influence. By means of positive analysis, the author suggests possible ways and means to break through the predicament and creating a new era.

碩士
長榮大學
經營管理研究所
93
In recent years, strategic alliance emerges with the trend of the time. Via strategic alliance, the enterprises construct the relationship of alliance and partnership which allow them to upgrade their competitiveness and create competition advantage that is actually the tendency of many industries at present. However, when participating in strategic alliance, in order to comply with the business and demands of the alliance and adjust the organizational structure of the enterprises, the said enterprises must re-distribute the human resources which will further affect the performance of the companies and the alliance. Therefore, this research started from the strategy of human resources of the enterprises of the strategic alliance and explored the relationship among alliance partner perception, human resource planning and alliance performance. This research focused upon the enterprises which have participated in strategic alliance in Taiwan. There were 105 effective samples. The statistical analysis includes the methods of Multiple Regression, LISREL and ANOVA and further verified the following hypothesis of this research, the findings are shown as follows: 1. The alliance partner perception can influence human resource planning strategy and alliance performance. 2. The human resource planning can influence the alliance performance. 3. Both of alliance partner perception and human resource planning have direct positive effect on the alliance performance. In addition, the alliance partner perception can influence the alliance performance through the intermediary affect of the human resource planning. 4. As to the characteristics of the enterprises: the enterprises with different annual business volumes, the number of employees, years of establishment and types of alliance reveal prominent difference with respect to alliance partner perception, human resource planning and alliance performance.

碩士
銘傳大學
國際企業管理研究所
89
The founder of Microsoft, Bill Gatz, had said: ”If the main subject is Quality in 1980’s, Reengineering in 1990’s, then the key factor is Speed in 2000’s…”. And the Internet is an im-portant media in improving speed. In the sense of the using of Internet has been more popular, and more and more companies which were restricted by limited resource, were forming strate-gic alliance to improve their competence. The purpose of this paper is to probe the influence on communicate, knowl-edge/technology transfer, trust, and alliance performance through the using of Internet by applying the LISREL model to test path relations between variables. This paper divide whole the sample firms into two sub-groups, the cross-country alliance and domestic alliance, by whether the partner located in the same country or not. After LISREL testing, the results show that no matter whole samples, cross-country, or domestic alliances, the using of Internet between partners: (1)has significant direct effect on communication and knowledge/technology transfer between partners. (2)has significant indirect effect on trust and alliance performance between partners through out the direct effect. (3)but the direct effect of communication on knowl-edge/technology transfer has not significant. It is because the influence of communication on knowledge/technology transfer has to depend on the trust relation between partners. This paper also implemented the Analysis of Variance for using Internet in cross-country and domestic alliances. The results show that the using of immediate Internet media in cross-country alliance is significant higher than that in domestic alliance. Base on the results, it can be said that Internet is very useful in eliminating the obstruction of distance and time zone. Time and resource limit are the major restriction that the business face. So that forming alliance to integrate resource and to learn knowledge/technology has became an important mechanism while facing those restriction. Otherwise, interna-tionalize has became an important goal for business. So this paper recommended that firms shall efficient use Internet to improve the cooperate relationship between partners and the ef-fect of learning.

碩士
南台科技大學
企業管理系
91
With the rapid-changing industry environment, global competition, and the shortening of product life cycle, the necessity for companies to upgrade the speed to the market become more important. Therefore, companies who use alliance to integrate the resource could accelerate the research cycle and keep the flexibility to match the market. Moreover, A new economy comes with the rising of Internet push the companies change the way they interchange their information with business partners and the business model. Thus, CEO of companies pay more attention to the importance of e-business. All of the phenomenon bring the prevalence of electronic commerce and develop digital economy. This study examines causal relationship between research variables through LISREL model. Basically, the goodness-of-fit is appropriate and the results also support part of hypothesis. Consequently, we acquired following results: 1. The level companies use I.T become higher, the more effective communication of alliance is. 2. The member’s expectation about alliance future can increase communication and level of trust among alliance members. 3. While communication become well, the level of trust become higher. 4. Finally, when the level of trust has been lifted up, organization achievement will raise significantly. We also found there are different alliance performances among different e-business approaches, in which the hardware-focused firms have higher alliance satisfactions and goal attainment. In conclusion, our research provides an integrative research framework for companies to find how the level of e-business can affect alliance performances. The results could provide the companies a new direction when proceeding alliance. By means of I.T, members of alliance could improve communication and trust level among them. Once the communication and trust level increased, the organization achievement would be raised.

碩士
中原大學
會計研究所
104
Under the circumstances of limited resources and fierce competition, in order to enhance the competitiveness and to sustain superiority, more and more corporations decided to figure out the opportunity of expanding operations by means of strategic alliance pattern. For the sake of the entire development of each country, corporations were promoted to maximize the effectiveness by integrating resources by the government. However, as far as the public concerned, the cooperation between the government and corporations usually shows more negative impressions in Taiwan. The study focus on the relationship of strategic alliance, political connection, and firm performance. By the way, listed companies are the chosen samples in this study. First, the phenomenon was found that there is negative correlation between strategic alliance and firm performance, and it indicates that the one who wants to enhance the competitiveness through strategic alliance should not only consider the aspects of integrating resources, but also the ones that might be a variable. Second, there is no significant correlation between political connection and firm performance. That is to say, according to the intervention of government, we could know that whether having the motive of political connection or not, there did not seems to have too much effect on firm performance. In the end, on the basis of the above can we know that no matter the corporation choose to adopt either strategic alliance or political connection, negative correlation is showed as the result. No matter the strategic alliance and political connection are adopted or not, the inference that there would not have too much effect on the operational performance would be concluded.

碩士
國立中山大學
國際高階經營管理碩士班
91
Purpose: After 911 attack, Bali attack, War between Iraq and USA, and SARS outbreak, there is heavy damage in the traveling business. Under the burning situation, Airline Industry use strategic alliance to expand resource base, to increase competitive edge, to expand long-term profit and to estimate future market. Our study is to evaluate the relationship between strategic alliance type and performance. Material and Methods: The methodology of this reach is to interview with 13 international airlines’ managers and to find out the alliance performance in different strategic alliances types. These strategic relationships include Precompetitive Alliance, Competitive Alliance, Noncompetitive Alliance, and Procompetitive Alliance. The strategic alliance performance is evaluated in four dimensions, which are mostly concerned by these airline managers. They are Profit, Image and Popularity, Passenger Load-Factor, and Customers Satisfaction. Results: The performance in different alliance types shows in the following lists: 1. The best performance in aliening with Travel Agent is “ raise the Passenger Load Factor” 2. The best performance in aliening with Internet is “ raise the Passenger load factor” 3. The best performance in aliening with Tourism associations is “ enhance the Image and Popularity” 4. The best performance to aliening with other airlines (StarAlliance,Oneworld) is “enhance the Image and Popularity” 5. The best performance for code share flight is “ raise the Passenger Load Factor” 6. The best performance aliening with hotels and department store are “enhance the Image and Popularity” 7. The best performance in aliening with Telecom company and Credit Card Company are “enhance the Image and Popularity” The alliance type in these four performance dimensions shows in the following list. 1. The best alliance for increasing Profit is aliening with Internet and Travel Agent. 2. The best alliance for enhancing Image and Popularity is joining StarAlliance or Oneworld Alliance. 3. The best alliance to raising Passenger Load Factor is aliening with Travel Agency. 4. The best alliance for boosting Customers Satisfaction is joining StarAlliance or Oneworld Alliance. Conclusion: In conclusion of this research study, the most benefit in airline industry under the strategic alliance is the rise of Passenger Load Factor. As for the airlines managers’ most concern “Profit”, alliance with travel agency and Internet stands out the most.

There is a large body of research supporting the importance of market orientation in determining performance. A growing body of research supports the notion that strategic alliance management competencies positively influence performance. Few empirical investigations have examined the importance of market orientation in the biotechnology industry, much less the effect of alliance orientation on performance, or the combined effect of market and alliance orientation on performance. This study explores these relationships among Canadian biotechnology companies with medical/healthcare focuses. Of the 394 Canadian medical/healthcare biotechnology companies identified, 81 usable responses were received, yielding a response rate of 20.6 percent. It was found that market orientation positively and significantly influenced business performance, supporting the first hypothesis. Additionally, alliance orientation positively and significantly influenced business performance, supporting the second hypothesis. However, when market and alliance orientation were examined together, alliance orientation’s effect on business performance remained positive and significant, but market orientation’s effect on business performance became negative and non-significant. This prompted a further analysis that investigated the presence of a mediation relationship. Market orientation was fully mediated by alliance orientation in its relationship with business performance. This study contributes academically by adding to market and alliance orientation research and by the successful development of a biotechnology-specific performance instrument. This study contributes to marketing and management strategy, as it outlines performance indicators that enable high performance.

博士
國立臺北大學
企業管理學系
92
The electric industry plays a key role is essential to the Taiwanese economy, but gradually has lost its competitiveness owing to the Asian financial storm, rising labor costs, technology licensing, and so on. To help the Taiwanese high-tech electric industry regain its competitive advantage, we with this study chose 30 leading Taiwanese products sub-industry 150 firms（each sub-industry 5 leader firms） and researched the relations between strategic alliance factors and performance. According to the literal of strategic alliance，this study divided three factors of strategic alliance. There are cost factor, competitive factor and technical factor. The cost factors including established economies of scale；reducing production cost and sharing management risks. The competitive factor have preserving existing market share ；preserving existing material sources and entering new markets. The technical factor is mutual R & D and accelerating technology transfer. Based on this analysis, some suggestions are offered for improving the competitiveness of the Taiwanese high-tech industry. To establish estimation, parameter and logical analysis model for the path of cause-effect relation of strategic alliance factors in the Taiwanese high-tech electronic industries prospectors, and hypothesize latent independent variables as X and latent dependent variables as Y. This study takes emerging grand high-tech industries identified by the Executive Yuan in Taiwan as its scope. The first five among one thousand local industries listed in volume April, 2003 of Common Wealth, the leading magazine in Taiwan are selected to be targets of a mail questionnaire according to the data well-built by it. This study is based on a cause effect relation, and adopts the LISREL model of SAS software for exploratory research. This study applied the LISREL models to deal with the relation between strategic alliance prospectors and alliances performance and tried to identify the cause-effect relation among variables, as well as to analyze and explain variable effects. The rate of questionnaire collection was 68.67%, while the number of efficient questionnaires was 103. This study investigation demonstrates that the high-tech prospectors in Taiwan, the best way to promote performance are cost factor of to establish economic scale of strategic alliance. Second, these prospectors to promote performance are accelerated technology transfer and maintain its existing market share. The conclusions of this study can provide a reference for the management of the more than 20,000 electronic firms in Taiwan.

碩士
淡江大學
國際貿易學系
86
Existing studies on strategic alliances have neglected the behavioral aspects among the partners. Most studies of interfirm relations showed the importance of trust in partnership. Because of the dynamic development of trust, this studies defined the partners'''''''' communication and cooperation as key behavioral factors of trust in strategic alliance. The purpose of the research is to understand the relationship between the partners'''''''' behavior, trust and performance of strategic alliance.The objects of this study are the corporations in Taiwan that had the experiences of strategic alliance during Jan. 1996 to Dec. 1997. There were 673 corporations requested to answer the questionnaire by mail and the effective respondents were 139 sets. After LISREL analyzing the data, the findings are as follows:1. Communication and Cooperation are positively related to trust.2. Trust is positively related to the performance of strategic alliance.3. Communication is positively related to the performance of strategic alliance, but Cooperation is not significantly true.4. Communication and Cooperation have positive influence on performance through trust.

碩士
嶺東科技大學
經營管理研究所
94
The field of corporate strategic alliance has been highly valued by the academic communities. However, it is more often studied from the views of social science, behavioral science, and management. It is rarely studied from the viewpoint of economics, particularly in the field of industry organization. Therefore, this study utilized game theory to build an OEM alliance model in order to explain the market performance of co-production organizations, and to prove the efficiency of corporate strategic alliance in promoting social benefits. The result of the study shows that as long as the shape of corporate strategic alliance does not constrain quantity and price, the co-production organizations will not decrease social benefits, in contrast, do increase social benefits. The increased social benefits come from the saved costs by sharing resources. In a nutshell, from the view of resource distribution, corporate strategic alliance’s market performance is better than pure competition.

碩士
中原大學
會計研究所
98
This study is trying to probe into the connections between the performance of a bookkeeper firm, human capital, business alliance strategies, and multi-operations. The result shows that the experience of the bookkeeper firm is significantly and positively associated with the firm’s revenue. Besides, wile the multi-operations present notable negative result, the interactions of multi-operations and experience of the bookkeeper firm positively influence the firm’s revenue. Last, the interactions of multi-operations and the ratio of employees with college degree is positively associated with the firm’s revenue.

碩士
國立中山大學
人力資源管理研究所
96
This study is motivated by a desire to understand the role of boundary spanners in creating satisfactory alliance. Specifically, the relationships between organizational culture, boundary spanner, and alliance performance were examined. In general, results from an empirical investigation with 116 alliance experiences supported the notion that alliance partners with higher similarity of organizational culture perceived higher alliance performance. By the same token, higher capabilities of boundary spanners lead to higher alliance performance. Furthermore, the relationships between the organizational culture and alliance performance were mediated through their boundary spanners’ capability.

碩士
國立中山大學
傳播管理研究所
94
This research, based on the perspective of dynamic resources-based view, probes into strategies taken by the six local newspapers (the China Times, the United Daily News, the Liberty Times, the Apple Daily, the Commercial Times and the Economic Times) to response to the challenges in an ever-changing environment. They continuously review the established resources and deficiencies of the organizations and try to seek strategic alliances for complementarity and cooperation to create competitive advantages. This study adopts the methodology of case study. The researcher conducts in-depth interviews to gather firsthand information from the six newspapers and add up some related literature to process secondhand analysis. The result shows strategic alliance is not a stiff relationship but a dynamic process that continuously adjusts to factors such as the environment, the organizational life circle and the competitive strategies. Corporate view points about resources, that is advantageous competitiveness, is by the same token never static. On the contrary, companies will keep modifying and deploying resources to maintain the competitive advantages or to create new advantages. Strategic alliance is one of the critical means through which an enterprise can acquire resources and create satisfactory results at the same time.

碩士
國防管理學院
資源管理研究所
94
In recent years, because enterprises organize a main interdynamic relation to transfer from competition to cooperating , the cooperation of strategic alliance among the manufacturers becomes the important trend of enterprise's development solemnly, impel enterprises to organize and reach enterprise's goal through the sharing of each other resources, so resource management and application tactics of the conduct adopted among enterprises have very important roles. And it is under different resource attribute how enterprises organize, use different tactics appropriately, in order to organize enterprise resource and tactics to reach and mix rightly , and make enterprises organize and improve the competitiveness , reach the comprehensive result, reach good mixing appropriatly then improve the performance of organizing of enterprise by the resource and tactics, the piss seems beneficial the shape is important. So this research aims at probing into: (1)Probe into the relative influence on the relative tactics attribute of the conduct that the cooperative manufacturer adopts of resource attribute organized (2)Probe into relative resource attribute of the conduct quarried among the cooperative manufacturers and the worthy of being appropriate to the influence of organizing performancing of relative tactics attribute . Find via the analysis result of real example: (1)The higher the degree of dependence of acting as the relative resource attribute among the cooperative manufacturers is, incline to adopt the tactics of the conduct with high similar degree among the cooperative manufacturers (2)Mixing the right degree and alliance's performance to present to its relation of relative resource attribute and relative tactics attribute among the cooperative manufacturers.

碩士
淡江大學
企業管理學系碩士班
106
In this dynamic competitive market, enterprises must face an unstable and challenging environment. In order to reduce costs, spread risks and increase profits, enterprises have to solve the difficulties, such as unfavorable of production, shortage of human resources, shortage of funds or lack of technologies. In the past, enterprises chose strategies such as license, direct investment, mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures or strategic alliances, among which strategic alliances were most favored by enterprises. By choosing performance as a topic to discuss cases of strategic alliances in the past and with the cannikin law as the starting point.This study try to figure out the possible difficulties faced by the four industries, like the software industry, the computer and peripheral equipment industry, the communications industry and the electronics industry. The data included the contracts from 2006 to 2015 that the enterprises signed with "Strategic Alliance" which collected from the SDC database. In order to figure out the changes in performance after signing the strategic alliances, this study divided the data into three kinds of time points: “before signing”, “half year after signing” and “one year after signing”, and selecting the output model in the analysis method. First, comparing the single-phase performance of each decision making unit (DMU), which included technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency. Then, figuring out the technical efficiency changes and the pure technical efficiency changes of each DMU were analyzed. At last, using the Malmquist Productivity Index to analyze the data and the geometrical average. The results are then used as a basis for comparing the pros and cons of the strategic alliance classification.

碩士
南華大學
管理科學研究所
94
The Pharmacy in Taiwan has developed over 70 years. Since it is a technology and capital-intensive industry, and it is closely related to the health of the citizens, therefore, government has actively coached this industry and has classified it as the ten major new industries. However, as the government has implemented a series of policies, such as cGNP measuring, health insurance for whole society implementation and joining of WTO, the profit making ability is decreased and the advantage of competition is gradually be lost. In view of this, Pharmacy Association and government hope that the industry can form strategic alliance to integrate the source in order to develop new space. At present, there are only a few studies on domestic strategic alliance of pharmacy. Besides, they are mainly based on case study. The questionnaires are used for this study. It is expected to obtain the current situation of the industry information and strategic alliance. The domestic 168 pharmacy manufacturers are the objects of study. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and statistic software AMOS 5.0 are used to investigate the motivation and interactive mechanism of the strategic alliance, and the relationship between the performance and alliance. SEM is also established for analysis. 　 　　This study found that the type of motivation of strategic alliance has positive effect to the interactive mechanism. It explains that the willingness of the pharmacy to join the interactive mechanism will accord with the motivation when they join the strategic alliance. Besides, the motivation of joining the strategic alliance cannot provide positive effect to the performance of the alliance. However, through the establishment of the interactive mechanism, it can provide positive performance indirectly to the alliance. It is inferred that pharmacy is a high technology industry. When the partners of the alliance draft the objective, communication, and trustful behavior are emphasized so that both sides can do one''s utmost in the alliance in order to achieve the objective.

碩士
文化大學
國際企業管理研究所
85
It seems hard to use only self resources for pursuing breakthrough in technology and marketing, because of technology innovation and sophistication, shortened product life cycle (PLC), and increasing fixed costs . Business can apply strategic alliance, which makes good use of the strengths of both parties for their strategic goals, to build competitive advantages. This research attempts to discuss the effects of the characteristics of resources and the types of strategic alliances on the performance of international alliance, with high-tech industry as the research objects.This research found significant poor performance resulting from equity (or stock) alliance, the significance of non-communicability resources, and better performance by functional alliance coupled with the improvement of communicability of resource.It is recommended that MNC engaging in strategic alliance, such as those of high-tech industries, select functional alliance and pay more attention on the characteristics of resources, especially the non- communicability of resources. Different culture, language and management styles, which are unique nature of MNC, may sometimes affect the communicability of resources. MNC must, therefore, put more effects on upgrading the communicability of resources in order to improvement performance.