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1
Parul, Madan Nidhi Mehra. "Improved and Reliable Performance of Solar PV Systems Requires Energy Storage Technology." Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems 34, no. 2 (2023): 17–127. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7885741.
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At present large rating solar photovoltaic (PV) plants are now being installed worldwide. As these plants face the challenge of non dispatchable power in comparison to conventional, researchers has focused on energy storage technology. An energy storage technology not only provides the uninterrupted power supply but also reduces the chance of disconnection from load thus better reliability and robustness in combination with these systems. In this Paper an attempt is made to mimic the entire operation from designing of 5.2 kWp DC to AC system without storage, which supplies the power to a 5KVA load. The PSIM model of this system compared ‘with’ and ‘without’ storage technology for 0.9 sun, 0.6 sun and 0.3 sun radiation. The observations are that at 0.9 sun, 3.97 kW power delivered to load and storage is not required .The PF and CUF in this situation are 78% and 18% respectively. While at 0.6 sun the power delivered to load is 3.68W, the PF and CUF in this situation are 72% and 16% respectively .i.e. partial storage of 460 Ah is required. At another radiation of 0.3 sun, the power delivered is 2.19 kW, the PF and CUF in this situation are 55% and 10% respectively so a key role is played by storage of 1183Ah. It is seen that Volatge and Current THD also increses in absence of storage while these values remains constant in presence of storage system. For the given DC/AC standalone system, the storage capacity proposed of 5228 Ah for complete 08 hours. Due to these extended operational hours performance and reliability is increased with robustness
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Minai, Ahmad Faiz, Tahsin Usmani, Majed A. Alotaibi, Hasmat Malik, and Mohammed E. Nassar. "Performance Analysis and Comparative Study of a 467.2 kWp Grid-Interactive SPV System: A Case Study." Energies 15, no. 3 (2022): 1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031107.
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This paper demonstrates the investigation of the acquired outcomes from consistent information observing a 467.2 kWp solar photovoltaic (SPV) framework commissioned on the roofs of three separate high-rise buildings, which are located at the location of 26.9585° N and 80.9992° E. Onside real-time performance for this system was investigated for three years, 2018–2020; this system contains 1460 SPV panels of 320 Wp each, having 20 PV panels per string, 09 DC/AC power conditioning units (PCU), and a SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) system for monitoring the other necessary parts of a grid-interactive SPV system. The outcomes of the different buildings are compared with each other to analyze the power output at the same input conditions. Hardware components of the plants with approximately the same ratings (P2 ~ 108.8 kWp + P3 ~ 128 kWp) are compared (with P1 ~ 230.4 kWp). Simulation modeling of the year 2020 in PVsyst tool for generated energy, Performance Ratio (PR), and Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) are carried out additionally and compared with the installed rooftop grid-interactive SPV system of 467.2 kWp (~P1 + P2 + P3) at the site. Numerous performance parameters such as array efficiency, inverter efficiency, system efficiency, Performance Ratio (PR), and Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) of the plant are evaluated and compared with already installed systems in different regions of the world. These points demonstrate great feedback to framework architects, workers, designers, and energy suppliers regarding the genuine limit and plausibility of the framework they can offer to clients. Moreover, one of the environmental benefits of the SPV plant is that the 467.2 kWp PV framework reduces the tremendous measure of CO2, SO2, and NOX that is discharged into the air.
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Nguyen, Thi Hong, Quoc Vuong Dang, Xuan Cuong Ngo, and Nhu Y. Do. "Long-term performance of roof-top GCPV systems in central Viet Nam." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 12, no. 6 (2023): 998–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.56569.
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In pursuit of the objective of achieving "net zero emissions," many countries worldwide, including Viet Nam, have prioritized the utilization of photovoltaic technology for energy conversion. Specifically, the implementation of roof-top grid-connected photovoltaic systems (GCPV) has emerged as a highly efficient solution in urban areas. These systems offer several advantages, such as minimizing land usage, lowering monthly electricity expenses, preventing building heat, generating income for households, and reducing transmission and distribution costs. This article focuses on a comprehensive long-term analysis conducted on 51 roof-top GCPV systems in the tropical monsoon climate of Hue City, Viet Nam, during the period from 2019 to 2023. The analysis findings reveal that roof-top GCPV systems with a capacity of 3-6 kW are well-suited for households in the central region of Viet Nam, characterized by a tropical monsoon climate. These systems exhibit an average sizing ratio of 1.03. The annual average daily final yield peaked at 3.28 kWh/kWp/day in 2021 and reached its lowest point at 2.97 kWh/kWp/day in 2022. Notably, the typical slope of the yield gradually increases with the installed capacity and the studied year. Furthermore, the monthly average daily final yield demonstrates a seasonal pattern, with higher yields observed from March to August and lower yields from September to January, aligning with the climate of the study area. As the years progress, the capacity factor and performance ratio of roof-top GCPV systems display a declining trend. Throughout the entire study period, these systems successfully mitigated 664 metric tons of CO2 emissions. The evaluation of long-term yield data offers valuable insights for photovoltaic installers, operators, and system owners, aiding in system maintenance and optimizing load utilization across different time periods. Long-term performance can be used by energy managers and owners of roof-top GCPV systems to identify supply shortfalls and initiate countermeasures.
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Imam, Amir A., Yusuf A. Al-Turki, and Sreerama Kumar R. "Techno-Economic Feasibility Assessment of Grid-Connected PV Systems for Residential Buildings in Saudi Arabia—A Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (2019): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010262.
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This paper presents a techno-economic feasibility evaluation for a grid-connected photovoltaic energy conversion system on the rooftop of a typical residential building in Jeddah, one of the major cities in Saudi Arabia. In Saudi Arabia, electric energy consumption is the highest in the domestic sector, with 48.1% of the total electricity consumption. As the power generation in Saudi Arabia mainly relies on conventional resources, environmental pollution and energy sustainability are major concerns. To minimize these issues, the Saudi government is in the process of maximizing the utilization of renewable energy resources for power generation. Investing in solar energy in Saudi Arabia is important because the country is witnessing a rapid increase in load demand, with annual growth rates of 6%. In this paper, the system advisor model software for renewable energy modeling has been utilized to perform a techno-economic feasibility analysis of a residential grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system, which is proposed for a typical apartment in Saudi Arabia, on the basis of various key performance indicators, namely: yield factor, capacity factor, performance ratio, levelized cost of energy, net present value, internal rate of return, and payback period. A sensitivity analysis that investigates the impact of varying techno-economic parameters on system performance and feasibility is also discussed. The size of the PV system for a typical Saudi Arabian apartment is estimated to be 12.25 kW. Results have shown that the proposed system can generate 87% of the electricity needs of an apartment. The technical analysis showed that the capacity factor and the performance ratio were 22% and 78% respectively. The levelized cost of energy and net present value revealed competitive figures of 0.0382 $/kWh and $4378, respectively. The investigations indicate that residential PV installations are an effective option for energy management in the country.
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Behera, Debashree, Ramesh Mohanty, and Ardhendu Mohanty. "Performance evaluation of indirect type forced convection solar mango dryer: A sustainable way of food preservation." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2022): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci220621154b.
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India like other developing countries adopts many food preservation technologies using fossil fuels. But the fossil fuel resource depletes over the years and is non-renewable. Therefore, solar drying technology is preferred as a sustainable method for food preservation. The present study is aimed at a sustainable livelihood initiative for drying fruits and vegetables through solar technology intervention using an indirect forced convection type solar dryer. Such a dryer of 15 kg capacity has been designed and fabricated for drying mangoes. Performance indicators such as instantaneous collector efficiency, drying efficiency, drying rate, coefficient of performance, heat utilization factor, and moisture content on a dry basis are evaluated as 59%, 32.25%, 0.15178 kg/hr, 0.77, 0.229, and 2.55 respectively by considering maximum outlet collector temperature, drying chamber temperature and atmospheric temperature. Economic indicators such as payback period and cost-benefit ratio are also evaluated as 1.439 and 2.0008 respectively. The dryer can be used by rural people of Odisha for earning their livelihood.
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Sun, Fuhua, Caiqin Miao, Shuqin Li, Juqin Shen, Xin Huang, and Shengnan Zhang. "Dynamic Evaluation of Water Resources Management Performance in the Yangtze River Economic Belt." Sustainability 16, no. 2 (2024): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16020649.
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The evaluation of water resources management performance (WRMP) can provide guidance for water resources management. This paper constructs a scientific WRMP evaluation index system based on “water resources–water environment–water ecology”. Secondly, the game variable weight matter–element extension model is appropriately introduced to dynamically evaluate the WRMP level of the provinces (cities) in the YREB from 2012 to 2021, and Arcgis is used to analyze the spatial and temporal variations in the performance level of each sub-system. Lastly, a geographical detector model is used to explore the main factors influencing the WRMP in the Yangtze River Economic Balt (YREB). The main findings are as follows: (1) The overall provincial WRMP level in the YREB has been improving from 2012 to 2021, and the performance of water resource utilization (WRU) and water environment treatment (WET) are high in the east and low in the west, while the performance of water ecological protection (WEP) shows a trend of continuous improvement. (2) Compared with the model without variable weight modification, the game variable weight matter–element extension model can reflect the influence of the measured value of the index on the evaluation result as much as possible. (3) The top eight factors that have a greater impact on the WRMP level are the industrial water conservation rate, water resource development and utilization rate, water resource sustainability index, sewage diameter ratio, urban water penetration rate, industrial wastewater treatment completion rate, ecological construction and protection of the year to complete the investment in GDP, and the water ecological carrying capacity growth rate. The interaction types of each influence factor are nonlinear enhancement and two-factor enhancement.
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Wang, Weiwei, Jigan Wang, and Xinchun Cao. "Water Use Efficiency and Sensitivity Assessment for Agricultural Production System from the Water Footprint Perspective." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (2020): 9665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229665.
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The increasing shortage of water resources and the growing demand for crops make water use efficiency a decisive factor for the sustainable and healthy development of the agricultural system. In order to evaluate agricultural water use efficiency from the water footprint perspective, the current study constructed the comprehensive water efficiency (CWE) index based on eight single agricultural water use efficiency performance parameters. The water resources utilization and efficiency in the wheat production system of China from 2006 to 2015 were analyzed and the sensitivity of single indices for CWE was identified. The results show that the national crop water footprint (CWF) for wheat production was estimated to be, including 46.3% blue, 36.6% green and 17.0% blue components, respectively. The spatial distribution patterns of water use efficiency performance indices were different. CWE of the country was 0.387, showing an upward trend over time and decreased from the southeast to the northwest geographically. Crop water productivity (CWP), productive water ratio (PWR) and rainwater consumption ratio (RCR) turned out to be the first three sensitive parameters for CWE in China. The improvement of China’s overall CWE relied on reducing inefficient blue-green water use and increasing the output capacity for per unit water. Advanced agricultural water-saving technologies were in high need for goal achievement, especially for the Huang-Huai-Hai plain, which held more than 70% of Chinese wheat production and CWF. The results provide support for efficient utilization and sustainable development of water resources in the agricultural system.
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Wanyan, Qiqi, Hongcheng Xu, Lina Song, et al. "A Novel Performance Evaluation Method for Gas Reservoir-Type Underground Natural Gas Storage." Energies 16, no. 6 (2023): 2640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062640.
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The regulation of the seasonal energy supply for natural gas and the storage of fossil energy are important to society. To achieve it, storing a large amount of natural gas in porous underground media is one of the government’s choices. Due to the successful lesson learned from the oil and gas industry, natural gas storage in underground porous media has been regarded as the most potential long−term energy storage method. In this paper, we developed a new workflow to evaluate the performance of gas reservoir−type underground natural gas storage (UGS). The theoretical background of this workflow includes the correction of the average formation pressure (AFP) and gas deviation factor by error theory and the analytical mathematical model of UGS wells. The Laplace transform, line source function, and Stehfest numerical inversion methods were used to obtain pressure solutions for typical vertical and horizontal wells in UGS. The pressure superposition principle and weighting method of the gas injection−withdrawal rate were used to obtain the AFP. Through the correction of the AFP and gas deviation factor in the material balance equation, the parameters for inventory, effective inventory (the movable gas volume at standard condition), working gas volume (the movable gas volume is operated from the upper limit pressure to the lower limit pressure), and effective gas storage volume (the available gas storage volume at reservoir condition) were determined. Numerical data from the numerical simulator was used to verify the proposed model pressure solution. Actual data from China’s largest Hutubi UGS was used to illustrate the reliability of the proposed workflow in UGS performance evaluation. The results show that large−scale gas injection and withdrawal rates lead to composite heterogeneity in gas storage wells. The nine injection and production cycles’ pressure and effective inventory changes from Hutubi UGS can be divided into a period of rapid pressure rise and a period of slow pressure increase. The final AFP is 32.8 MPa. The final inventory of the Hutubi UGS is 100.1 × 108 m3, with a capacity filling rate (the ratio of effective inventory to designed gas storage capacity) of 93.6%. The effective inventory is 95.3 × 108 m3, and the inventory utilization ratio (the ratio of effective inventory to inventory) is 95.2%. The working gas volume is 40.3 × 108 m3. This study provides a new method for inventory evaluation of the gas reservoir−type UGS.
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Abdullah, Ghoname, and Hidekazu Nishimura. "Techno-Economic Performance Analysis of a 40.1 kWp Grid-Connected Photovoltaic (GCPV) System after Eight Years of Energy Generation: A Case Study for Tochigi, Japan." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (2021): 7680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147680.
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In this paper, the grid-connected photovoltaic system in Tochigi prefecture, Japan, is presented, and its technical and economic performance after eight years is evaluated. The system has a peak power of 40.1 kWp and has been in operation since 2012. The entire electricity generated by the system was fed into the state grid. The system is suitably monitored for one year (2019) and analyzed using the parameters developed and defined in the standard IEC 61724-1 by the International Electrotechnical Commission. The system’s different parameters included array yield, final yield, capacity utilization factor, and performance ratio of the system. An analytical model with solar irradiation obtained from Power Data Access Viewer was developed to investigate and evaluate the efficiency of the system monthly and annual energy generation by comparing the simulated and measured energy acquired from the inverter. A positive linear relationship is observed between solar irradiation data obtained from Power Data Access Viewer and the grid-connected photovoltaic system energy injected into the utility grid. While an annual total of 48,521 kWh of energy was expected to be generated, 38,071 kWh was generated and injected into the utility in 2019. This study also introduces and explains the mechanism of the Feed-In-Tariff system in Japan. The performance of the grid-connected photovoltaic system under this study was compared with that of other systems installed across the globe.
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Saxena, Anupama Khare, Seema Saxena, and K. Sudhakar. "Energy, economic and environmental performance assessment of a grid-tied rooftop system in different cities of India based on 3E analysis." Clean Energy 5, no. 2 (2021): 288–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkab008.
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Abstract India is very rich in solar energy, with a total of 3000 sunshine hours annually in most places. The installation of on-grid rooftop electricity-generation photovoltaic (PV) systems is currently undergoing substantial growth and extension as an alternate source of energy that contributes to Indian buildings. This paper analyses the viability of mounting solar PV plants in distinct cities of India in various locations with different climate conditions such as Delhi, Bhopal, Udaipur, Ahmadabad, Thiruvananthapuram, Pune and Madurai. The technical feasibility of installing a 100-kWp system is evaluated using PVsyst software under local climatic conditions. The performance ratio is between 70% and 80%, with a capacity utilization factor of 19–21% and estimated energy output of 170 MWh annually at all sites. The system produces 400–500 kWh of energy daily at a per-unit cost of INR 6–7 (Indian rupees) in all locations. The lifespan of the system is ~25–30 years, reducing about 150–170 tons of carbon-dioxide emission to the atmosphere every year. The payback period of the system is ~5–6 years, which defines its feasibility. This information would encourage organizations and individuals to install such PV plants on the rooftops of buildings to use solar electricity for meeting the energy demands of the country.
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Aslam, Adnan, Naseer Ahmed, Safian Ahmed Qureshi, Mohsen Assadi, and Naveed Ahmed. "Advances in Solar PV Systems; A Comprehensive Review of PV Performance, Influencing Factors, and Mitigation Techniques." Energies 15, no. 20 (2022): 7595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207595.
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PV power plants utilizing solar energy to generate electricity on a large scale has become a trend and a new option that has been adopted by many countries; however, in actuality, it is difficult to anticipate how much electricity PV plants will generate. This analysis of existing photovoltaic (PV) power plants provides guidelines for more precise designs and performance forecasting of other upcoming PV technologies. In the literature, some authors have put their efforts into reviewing studies on PV power systems; however, those reviews are too focused on specific aspects of the topic. This study will review, from a broader perspective, recent investigations on PV power systems in the literature that were published between 1990 and 2022. The present study is divided into three main parts. Firstly, a performance assessment review of PV power plants is presented by taking different performance parameters into consideration, which were developed by the “International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC 61724-1)”. These parameters include reference yield, final yield, performance ratio, capacity utilization factor, and system efficiency. Secondly, different identifying factors that were investigated in previous studies, and which affect PV performance, were considered. These factors include solar irradiance, PV technology type, ambient temperature, cell temperature, tilt angle, dust accumulation, and shading effect. Thirdly, different methods were adopted and suggested to counter the effects of these influencing factors to enhance the performance efficiency of the PV power system. A hybrid cooling and cleaning system can use active techniques to boost efficiency during high solar irradiances and ambient temperatures while depending on passive techniques for everyday operations. This comprehensive and critical review identifies the challenges and proposed solutions when using photovoltaic technologies and it will be helpful for researchers, designers, and investors dealing with PV power systems.
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Getie, Elias Mandefro, and Yosef Berhan Jember. "Potential Assessment and Performance Evaluation of a Floating Solar Photovoltaic on the Great Ethiopian Renaissance Dam." International Journal of Photoenergy 2022 (June 2, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6964984.
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The demand for electricity has increased rapidly in Ethiopia. Renewable energy sources such as solar PV are being used to respond to the power demand and cover a small percentage of the country’s energy need. However, in Ethiopia, where the majority of the land is utilized for agriculture, the land required to generate solar PV power in a large scale is a significant barrier. Big dams, such as Great Ethiopia’s Renaissance Dam, can be used for a solar floating system to eliminate the need for land and transmission infrastructure. Due to its wider area covered by the reservoir, which is about 1,874,000,000 m2, the potential of the renaissance dam needs to be investigated for solar PV floating installation to meet the electricity demand in residential, commercial, and industrial sectors in Ethiopia. In addition, the cooling action of the water on the PV floating allows it to keep its efficiency and increase the power output from the panels. In this study, the performance of grid-connected floating PV systems was evaluated in terms of power generation potential, performance ratio, capacity utilization factor, greenhouse gas emissions, and water conservation. The power consumption of peoples living in the GERD generation site is nearly 1 MW. Though they get electricity through the grid, this study considers performance assessment of a 1 MW solar FPV with the intention of covering the energy need of the hydropower station itself and near rural communities. Modeling and simulation of the proposed FPV plant is done with the help of PVsyst software tool. Finally, the analysis reveals that the GERD has the FPV capability to generate 18,740 MW of maximum power, and its performance was assessed for a 1 MW grid-connected FPV system. The benefits of employing FPV in energy production, water conservation, CO2 emission reduction, and economic benefit are demonstrated in this study. Furthermore, the installation of 1 MW FPV saves 54.4 million liters of GERD water from evaporation per year, which benefits the Blue Nile’s downstream countries to conserve their share of water.
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Shi, Weixiu, Xuebing Liu, Xiaoyang Su, Hongdi Chen, and Lisheng Pan. "Influence of Cooling Water Flow Rate on Start and Heat Transfer Performance of Pulsating Heat Pipe at Different Inclination Angles." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (2023): 1921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15031921.
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Pulsating heat pipe (PHP) is an efficient heat transfer technology applied in the fields of heat dissipation and energy utilization. There are many factors affecting the heat transfer of PHP, including working fluid, filling ratio, inclination angle, etc. The cooling capacity of the cooling water system at the condensing section to the working fluid is also an important factor affecting the starting and operating of PHP. The research on PHP at different cooling water flow rates is of great significance for enhancing the operating performance. An experimental investigation of starting and running performance is carried out on a closed loop PHP with ultrapure water under different inclination angles of 90°, 60° and 30°. The starting and heat transfer performance of PHP with a filling ratio of 50% is obtained by adjusting the heat input in the range of 30–210 W at different cooling water flow rates of 6.7 g/s, 9.7 g/s and 13.9 g/s. The temperature and heat transfer resistance are used for analyzing the heat transfer performance. The results show that the starting mode, initial pulsating temperature and different heat transfer effects are brought about by different cooling water flow rates. It is observed that the cooling water flow rate has no obvious influence on the starting mode of PHP and that the starting mode of PHP is temperature progressive, starting with the increase in cooling water flow rates at a heating input of about 30 W. The influence of cooling water flow rates on the heat transfer performance of PHP is affected in a different way by inclination angles. The heat transfer performance of PHP with an inclination angle of 90° is similar at 6.7 g/s, 9.7 g/s and 13.9 g/s but, under the condition of 60° and 30°, the heat transfer resistance drops within a certain range effectively with an increasing cooling water flow rate from 6.7 g/s to 9.7 g/s and the heat transfer performance does not change significantly with the cooling water flow rate increasing to 13.9 g/s. Thus, there is an optimal value for the cooling water flow rate during the operating of PHP. The inclination angle also has an important effect on the temperature pulsating, and the temperature of PHP affected by gravity is stable with an inclination angle of 90°. However, the reduced influence of gravity on the backflow of the working fluid drops when the inclination angle decreases from 90° to 30°, and the wall temperature increases due to local overheating when the high heat input occurs.
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Raja, J., Nishant Jain, and C. Christober Asir Rajan. "Grid connected mega-watt range solar power plant in India: experimental measurement & performance analysis." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 8, no. 1 (2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v8.i1.pp22-33.
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<p>in India to meet its future energy demand. This paper emphasis on the performance assessment of grid connected mega-watt solar power plant which is of 23MW and 5MW are located in different geographical location in India. Performance assessment is the finest way to determine the potential of energy generation in solar power plant and it also helps in evaluating the design, operation and maintenance of existing and future solar power plant. The parameters namely calculation of annual energy generated, reference yield, final yield, system losses, cell temperature losses, performance ratio and capacity utilization factor are considered in examining solar power plant performance. In this study experimental measurement of two solar power plant one is located in Gujarat (23MW) and another in Andhra Pradesh (5MW) are compared with the results of estimated model from METEONORM 7.1 and PVSYST V6.67 software tools. Experimental measurement at solar power plant location covers the following measurement for analysis like actual weather condition, daily/hourly irradiance, actual energy yield and compares with capacity utilization factor, performance ratio and temperature corrected performance ratio parameters. The results demonstrated in this paper show the gap between the actual performance of solar power plant and the estimated model from software tool. Performance of solar power plant is satisfactory in comparison with other literature reviews. The actual annual energy generated for 23MW solar power plant was 37991MWh, 18.83% capacity utilization factor, 73.87% performance ratio and 75.33% temperature corrected performance ratio. Similarly, the actual annual energy generated for 5MW solar power plant was 9047.7MWh, 18.41% capacity utilization factor, 80.31% performance ratio and 79.90% temperature corrected performance ratio.</p>
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Raja, J., Nishant Jain, and C. Christober Asir Rajan. "Grid connected mega-watt range solar power plant in India: experimental measurement & performance analysis." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering 8, no. 1 (2019): 22–33. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v8.i1.pp22-33.
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Electric power generation through solar power plant is significantly growing in India to meet its future energy demand. This paper emphasis on the performance assessment of grid connected mega-watt solar power plant which is of 23MW and 5MW are located in different geographical location in India. Performance assessment is the finest way to determine the potential of energy generation in solar power plant and it also helps in evaluating the design, operation and maintenance of existing and future solar power plant. The parameters namely calculation of annual energy generated, reference yield, final yield, system losses, cell temperature losses, performance ratio and capacity utilization factor are considered in examining solar power plant performance. In this study experimental measurement of two solar power plant one is located in Gujarat (23MW) and another in Andhra Pradesh (5MW) are compared with the results of estimated model from METEONORM 7.1 and PVSYST V6.67 software tools. Experimental measurement at solar power plant location covers the following measurement for analysis like actual weather condition, daily/hourly irradiance, actual energy yield and compares with capacity utilization factor, performance ratio and temperature corrected performance ratio parameters. The results demonstrated in this paper show the gap between the actual performance of solar power plant and the estimated model from software tool. Performance of solar power plant is satisfactory in comparison with other literature reviews. The actual annual energy generated for 23MW solar power plant was 37991MWh, 18.83% capacity utilization factor, 73.87% performance ratio and 75.33% temperature corrected performance ratio. Similarly, the actual annual energy generated for 5MW solar power plant was 9047.7MWh, 18.41% capacity utilization factor , 80.31% performance ratio and 79.90% temperature corrected performance ratio.
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J., Raja, Jain Nishant, and Christober Asir Rajan C. "Grid connected mega-watt range solar power plant in India: experimental measurement & performance analysis." Performance Ratio (TPR) 8, no. 1 (2020): 22~33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353522.
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Electric power generation through solar power plant is significantly growing in India to meet its future energy demand. This paper emphasis on the performance assessment of grid connected mega-watt solar power plant which is of 23MW and 5MW are located in different geographical location in India. Performance assessment is the finest way to determine the potential of energy generation in solar power plant and it also helps in evaluating the design, operation and maintenance of existing and future solar power plant. The parameters namely calculation of annual energy generated, reference yield, final yield, system losses, cell temperature losses, performance ratio and capacity utilization factor are considered in examining solar power plant performance. In this study experimental measurement of two solar power plant one is located in Gujarat (23MW) and another in Andhra Pradesh (5MW) are compared with the results of estimated model from METEONORM 7.1 and PVSYST V6.67 software tools. Experimental measurement at solar power plant location covers the following measurement for analysis like actual weather condition, daily/hourly irradiance, actual energy yield and compares with capacity utilization factor, performance ratio and temperature corrected performance ratio parameters. The results demonstrated in this paper show the gap between the actual performance of solar power plant and the estimated model from software tool. Performance of solar power plant is satisfactory in comparison with other literature reviews. The actual annual energy generated for 23MW solar power plant was 37991MWh, 18.83% capacity utilization factor, 73.87% performance ratio and 75.33% temperature corrected performance ratio. Similarly, the actual annual energy generated for 5MW solar power plant was 9047.7MWh, 18.41% capacity utilization factor, 80.31% performance ratio and 79.90% temperature corrected performance ratio.
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Salsabila Ayu, Laili Asdiyan, Ida Ayu Dwi Giriantari, and I. Nyoman Setiawan. "ANALISIS UNJUK KERJA PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA (PLTS) ATAP ON-GRID 11,2 KWP DI RESIDENSIAL BUKIT GADING MEDITERANIA, JAKARTA UTARA." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 10, no. 1 (2023): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2023.v10.i01.p5.
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The implementation of PLTS as the utilization of EBT in Indonesia is still being developed. Government policy through KEN and RUEN targets a national PLTS capacity of 6.5 GW in 2025 and 45 GW in 2050. The PLTS system is implemented from the smallest scale, namely residential, with a new challenge, namely to maintain the performance of the PLTS system in good condition. The object of this research was carried out on an 11.2 kWp on-grid rooftop PV mini-grid system at the Bukit Gading Mediterania Residential. The performance of this rooftop PV system was analyzed using the PVsyst software to determine the potential for electricity production, then calculated the PV system performance parameters such as Yield Factor (Yf) , Yield Reference (Yr), Performance Ratio (PR) and Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) of PLTS within one year of operation starting June 2021 – May 2022, which is then compared with the results of electricity production and the performance parameters of the PLTS system during operation one year from June 2021 – May 2022. The real production value of the 11.2 kWp on-Grid rooftop PV system for a year is 13,809.6 kWh with performance parameters (Yf Factor), Yield Reference (Yr), Performance Ratio (PR ) and Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF)) respectively are 1233.0 kWh/kWp, 1699.7 kWh/kW, 72.4% and 14.1%. For the PVSyst simulation results, the annual potential of electrical energy from the 11.2 kWp on-grid rooftop PLTS system is 15,649 kWh with performance parameters (Yf), Yield Reference (Yr), Performance Ratio (PR) and Capacity Utilization Factor (Yf). CUF)) respectively were 1,397.23 kWh/kWp, 1,691.3 kWh/kW, 82.6% and 16%.
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Amelia Hutagalung, Neysa, I. Nyoman Setiawan, and I. Wayan Sukerayasa. "ANALISIS UNJUK KERJA PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA (PLTS) ATAP ON-GRID 463,25 kWp DI PERUSAHAAN FARMASI PADA KAWASAN PT JAKARTA INDUSTRIAL ESTATE PULOGADUNG, JAKARTA TIMUR." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 10, no. 2 (2023): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2023.v10.i02.p9.
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The number of PLTS installed on factory rooftops is growing. In Indonesia, the Directorate General of New, Renewable Energy estimates a total renewable energy potential of 442 GW, with solar energy holding the greatest potential. The performance of the PLTS system needs to be considered to ensure good performance in generating electricity. This research focuses on the rooftop on-grid PLTS system in a Pharmaceutical Company located in the PT Jakarta Industrial Estate Pulo Gadung area, with a capacity of 463.25 kWp. Electricity generation potential is modeled using PVSyst software for examination of the PLTS system's performance. For the period of one year, from November 2021 through October 2022, the PLTS system's performance characteristics are determined. These include the Yield Factor (Yf), Reference Yield (Yr), Performance Ratio (PR), and Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF). According to the model, the 463.25 kWp on-grid rooftop PLTS system may generate up to 629,550 kWh of power each year. The values of the PLTS system performance parameters are as follows: Yield Factor (Yf) is 1,358.99 kWh/kWp, Reference Yield (Yr) is 1,730.6 kWh/kW, Performance Ratio (PR) is 78.56%, and Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) is 15.73%. Meanwhile, the actual electricity production for one year is 570,724.82 kWh, with the following performance parameters for the PLTS system: Yield Factor (Yf) is 1,232 kWh/kWp, Reference Yield (Yr) is 1,642.85 kWh/kW, Performance Ratio (PR) is 76.12%, and Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) is 14.26%. There is a difference between the PVSyst software simulation and the actual results, which are 58,825.18 kWh, 126.98 kWh/kWp, 87.75 kWh/kW, 2.44%, and 1.47% respectively.
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Vekariya, Yogeshkumar, Shalini Arora, Mital Kathiriya, and Rajashekhar Tellabati. "Performance Evaluation of Solar Photovoltaic Systems in Anand City, Gujarat, India." Asian Journal of Current Research 9, no. 2 (2024): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/ajocr/2024/v9i28623.
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Since, India is situated on the sunny belt in the north of equator, the scope for generating power and thermal applications using solar energy is huge. The present study was planned to evaluate the performance of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) system in Anand city of Gujarat state of India. Performance of the PV system was carried out by recording and calculating various parameters such as average yearly solar PV energy yield, performance ratio and capacity utilization factor. The average daily energy yield of solar PV system was 42 kWh. The capacity utilization factor and performance ratio of solar PV system were 15% and 88% respectively. These results can be used by project developers to select optimum size of PV system to generate specified output of solar PV system.
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Saurav, Das, M. Salim Khosru, Chowdhury Dhiman, and Mahedi Hasan Mohammed. "Inverse sinusoidal pulse width modulation switched electric vehicles' battery charger." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 5 (2019): 3344–58. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i5.pp3344-3358.
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This paper presents an efficient, cost-effective and sustainable grid-connected electric vehicles’ (EVs’) battery charger based on a buck converter to reduce the harmonics injected into the mains power line. To utilize the switching converter as an effective power factor controller (PFC), inverse sinusoidal pulse width modulation (ISPWM) signals are applied. However, a mathematical relationship between the sending-end power factor and the duty ratio of the switching buck converter is derived. To ensure the sustenance of the proposed method, a simulation model of the battery charging system is tested in PSIM simulation platform. The simulation results yield to a loss-less charging system with a sending-end power factor close to unity. An experimental testbed comprising a 60 V battery bank of 100 A-h capacity with a charging current of 7 A is developed. The laboratory assessments present an 88.1% efficient charging pro-totype with a resultant sending-end power factor of 0.89. The laboratory framework concerns with the comparative analysis of the sending-end power factor, system effi-ciency, and mains line current total harmonic distortion (THD) obtained for different charging methods - simple battery charger, fixed duty ratio controlled buck converter and the proposed topology. The performance evaluations corroborate the reliability of the presented work.
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Shrestha, Jeewan, and Nawraj Bhattarai. "Performance evaluation of three grid-connected monocrystalline silicon solar photovoltaic systems in Nepal." SCITECH Nepal 17, no. 1 (2023): 116–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/scitech.v17i1.60496.
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This study evaluates three grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) systems using four criteria: final yield, performance ratio, capacity utilization factor, and system efficiency. The PV systems were installed on the rooftop of the Nepal Telecom office at Sundhara, Pokhara, and Biratnagar. The generation data was collected through the web interface of the data logger installed at the sites. Long-term comparison (four years) of the plant at Sundhara and the same system comparison of plants at Pokhara and Biratnagar were performed. Long-term analysis of the plant at Sundhara found that the final yield decreased from 2.91 kWh/kWp in 2019 to 2.21 kWh/kWp in 2022. Similarly, the performance ratio decreased from 91.0% in 2019 to 67.3% in 2022, capacity utilization factor decreased from 12.1% in 2019 to 9.2% in 2022, and system efficiency decreased from 16.8% in 2019 to 12.5% in 2022. The same system installed at Pokhara and Biratnagar had slightly varied performance owing to the variation in meteorological parameters. The average air temperature at Biratnagar (26.7°C) was higher than at Pokhara (13.1°C) while the amount of solar radiation at Biratnagar was just higher by 4%. This led to the reduction of final yield by 9% at Biratnagar than at Pokhara as higher temperatures at Biratnagar caused more reduction in the power output from the solar panels. Finally, this study provides insights to researchers, PV installers, and panel manufacturers on the actual performance of grid-connected solar PV in Nepal.
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Zozulya, А., A. Kovtun, O. Zhelnovach, and O. Frolov. "JUSTIFICATION OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVING THE SYSTEM OF ORGANIZING THE ACCOUNTING OF THE USE OF MOTOR VEHICLES IN MILITARY SUBUNITS, UNITS AND JOINT UNITS OF THE NATIONAL GUARD OF UKRAINE." Collection of scientific works of the National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine 2, no. 40 (2022): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33405/2409-7470/2022/2/40/270523.
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The necessity of improving the system of organization of accounting for the use of motor vehicles in military subunits, units and joint units of the National Guard of Ukraine is shown. For successful performance of assigned tasks by units, it is necessary to use the capabilities of motor vehicles to the maximum extent through rational planning of road transportation, to systematize the accounting and evaluation of the work performed by the vehicles To assess the performance and technical condition of motor vehicles, special indicators are used, which are a numerical expression of the measurements or their ratio, namely: fleet utilization factor; working time utilization factor; mileage utilization factor; load capacity utilization factor; speed, etc. However, they do not allow a generalized assessment of the level of efficiency of the use of vehicles. Therefore, there was a need to obtain a dependence for assessing the efficiency of transportation by military vehicles. It is proposed to improve the system of accounting for the use of automobile equipment in units and military units of the National Guard of Ukraine by introducing an indicator of the efficiency of loading and unloading operations It is proposed as an indicator of the efficiency of loading and unloading operations to use an indicator that allows you to assess the level of efficiency of transportation by determining the probability of cargo delivery at a given time.
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Rafhel Panjaitan, Kavlin, Ida Ayu Dwi Giriantari, and I. Nyoman Setiawan. "ANALISIS UNJUK KERJA PLTS CARPORT 37,8 KWP DI AREA PERKANTORAN KEMENTERIAN ESDM REPUBLIK INDONESIA JAKARTA PUSAT." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 10, no. 1 (2023): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2023.v10.i01.p4.
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The utilization of PV in Indonesia increased significantly. Based on data submitted by the Director General of EBTKE, the PV capacity value until first semester of 2021 is 217 MW. New challenge has emerged, namely maintaining performance of the PV system in good condition. Performance of the PV Carport system is analyzed by simulating PV using PVSyst software to see the potential value of electricity production, then calculating the performance parameters of the PV system such as Yield Factor (Yf), Yield Reference (Yr), Performance Ratio (PR) and Capacity Factor (CUF). Then compared with the results of electricity production and performance parameters of the PV system during operation for one year. The object of research on performance of the 37.8 kWp Carport PV system belonging to Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. Based on the PVSyst simulation results, the potential annual electrical energy from the Carport PV system is 53,910 kWh with performance parameters (Yf, Yr, PR, and CUF) respectively 1,426.19 kWh/kWp, 1,751.9 kWh/kW, 81.4% and 16%. The production value of the Carport PV system for a year in 2021 is 21,694.67 kWh with performance parameters (Yf, Yr, PR, and CUF) respectively of 573 kWh /kWp, 1,679.9 kWh/kW, 34% and 6.6%.
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Sayali, Jagtap, Holkar Shivaji, Shinde Tejal, Borawake Pratiksha, and Prof: Gadhave G. G. "100KW Solar Power Generation at SPCOET: A Performance Analysis." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 5 (2025): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.70128.
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Abstract: This study presents a comprehensive analysis of a 100kW grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) rooftop power generation station installed at Sharadchandra Pawar College of Engineering and Technology, Someshwarnagar, Baramati. The analysis focuses on evaluating the performance of the system, including energy yield, performance ratio, capacity utilization factor (CUF), and the impact of environmental factors such as solar irradiance and ambient temperature. The study investigates the system's efficiency in converting solar energy into electrical energy, assesses its reliability, and quantifies its contribution to reducing the college's reliance on grid electricity. The economic viability of the installation is also considered, examining the payback period and the long-term financial benefits. The findings provide valuable insights into the real-world performance of rooftop solar PV systems in the specific climatic conditions of Baramati, contributing to the understanding of solar energy potential in educational institutions. The results highlight the system's effectiveness in promoting sustainable energy practices and reducing carbon footprint.
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Yun, Young Soo. "(Invited) Design Strategy of High-Performance Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium-Ion Storage." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 6 (2024): 702. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-026702mtgabs.
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The advancement of hard carbon anodes with high sodium plateau capacities (SPCs) is currently hindered by a paucity of clear materials design principles. Although the pore volume ratio of hard carbon defines the thermodynamic constraints on the theoretical sodium plateau capacities (T-SPCs), exclusive reliance on pore architecture falls short in predicting viable SPCs. In response, our research explores a pivotal kinetic parameter of hard carbons that influences the coefficient of capacity utilization (CCU) of SPCs. We employ a suite of polymeric hard carbons (PHCs) with varied microstructures to achieve our research objectives. Our systematic investigation reveals a pronounced correlation between the intensity ratio of the 2D to G band (I 2D /I G ) in the Raman spectrum and the internal kinetic barrier impeding sodium-ion migration. Leveraging these insights, and by considering both thermodynamic and kinetic facets, we introduce a novel structural gauge – the SPC factor – which serves to quantify the CCU for SPCs. This SPC factor identifies an optimal hard carbon anode configuration that combines a high closed pore volume ratio with a minimized I 2D /I G ratio. By implementing straightforward microstructural modifications to the PHCs guided by our proposed criteria, we have realized significant achievements. Notably, we have attained an SPC of approximately 400 mA h g-1, underscoring the practicality and impact of our strategy in engineering superior hard carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries. This investigation constitutes a meaningful leap forward, providing a strategic direction for materials design aimed at augmented SPCs and fostering the progression of future sodium-ion battery technologies.
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Aryal, Ashok, and Nawraj Bhattarai. "Modeling and Simulation of 115.2 kWp Grid-Connected Solar PV System using PVSYST." Kathford Journal of Engineering and Management 1, no. 1 (2018): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kjem.v1i1.22020.
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The renewable sources such as solar, wind, biomass, etc. are often used for electricity generation for their availability, no green-house gas emission and solar photovoltaic is major among them. Many On-Grid PV systems are being installed around the globe nowadays to reduce electricity dependency on a single source and thus enhance availability of energy sources. Kathmandu, Nepal receives sufficient sunshine with insolation around 4.5 to 5 kWh/m2/day, which justifies essence of grid-connected solar PV installations. A 115.2 kWp solar plant has been installed at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Maharajgunj, Kathmandu to fulfill its own load demands and reduce the electricity bill of the building. The generated energy is not fed to the grid currently. The detailed On-Grid solar PV system is modeled, and performance parameters such as Performance Ratio, Specific Yield and Capacity Utilization Factor as defined by International Electro technical Commission are estimated using simulation techniques from PVSYST. The actual generation of the existing system within one year of installation is measured to be 35 MWh but simulation tool suggests that total 199 MWh can be generated using similar capacity panel, with system being totally on-grid type. Using PVSYST, the performance parameters are found to be performance ratio 83.5 % and Specific Yield 1728 kWh/kWp respectively. Thus, this paper intends to calculate performance parameters of existing system as well as performance of identical sized, totally on-grid system, simulated using PVSYST.
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Battula, Veera Vasantha Rao, and Padmavathi Krishnarao. "Performance analysis and effect of pandemic condition on utility grid connected PV system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 15, no. 1 (2024): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v15.i1.pp160-167.
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In this research paper effect of pandemic and performance analysis of the utility grid connected PV system under net metering is evaluated for one years based on PV plant generation data. The performance of the system depends on annual average final yield, reference yield, and array yield and their values are 3.87 kWh kWp-1. d-1, 4.57 kWh kWp-1. d-1, and 4.29 7kWh kWp-1d-1 the performance ratio and capacity utilization factor are 77.48% and 15.68%. Due to pandemic campus energy consumption is less so energy export to grid is more than the energy import from grid. As per the state energy policy minimum billing is done even the export units are more than the imported units which result in increase in return on investment (ROI) compared to post pandemic. The above statistics illustrate the quite strong performance of solar power plants built in the Indian state of the Andhra Pradesh, Guntur.
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Wu, Kechuan, Guanglan Wei, Chi Lin, Longfei Zhang, Wenzheng Yu, and Xiang Lan. "Experimental Study on the Seismic Performance of Buckling-Restrained Braces with Different Lengths." Buildings 15, no. 2 (2025): 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15020154.
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To investigate the differences in seismic performance of buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) with significantly different lengths and to explore the influence of length on the energy dissipation efficiency of BRBs within the same structure, this study designed and fabricated two BRBs with lengths of 8.5 m and 3.5 m based on an actual engineering project. Low-cycle reciprocating load tests were conducted to compare the performance of the two BRBs in terms of hysteretic energy dissipation capacity, tension–compression bearing capacity imbalance coefficient, cumulative plastic deformation capacity, and low-cycle fatigue life. Additionally, the energy dissipation and damping efficiency of BRBs of different lengths within the same structure was analyzed. The results indicate that under cyclic loading based on design displacement, the 8.5 m BRB exhibits a greater equivalent viscous damping ratio, cumulative hysteretic energy dissipation, and cumulative plastic deformation, leading to more efficient energy dissipation and damping effects. The length of the brace is a significant factor affecting the imbalance coefficient of tension–compression bearing capacity, with longer braces resulting in a larger imbalance coefficient. The 3.5 m BRB shows less deviation from the mean values of various fatigue parameters, indicating more stable low-cycle fatigue performance. Within the same structure, shorter BRBs with larger design displacements achieve higher energy dissipation efficiency, allowing for more effective utilization of their energy dissipation capacity. This study’s conclusions provide valuable references for designers in the rational selection of BRBs of different lengths in actual engineering projects and offer preliminary insights into the energy dissipation efficiency of BRBs of varying lengths within a structure.
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Rehman, Shafiqur, Muhammad M. Rafique, Luai M. Alhems, and Md Mahbub Alam. "Development and Implementation of Solar Assisted Desiccant Cooling Technology in Developing Countries: A Case of Saudi Arabia." Energies 13, no. 3 (2020): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030524.
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This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the potential and feasibility of using solar thermal cooling systems in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The performance of a desiccant cooling system has been determined based on climatic data of 32 cities spread all over the territory of the country. The investigation has been carried out keeping in view the high energy consumption for cooling applications in the country. The analysis has been done using the overall performance of the system, sensible energy ratio, and cooling and regeneration loads. The main objective of this study is to encourage the implementation of solar thermal cooling systems in the country for the development of sustainable buildings. The economic analysis shows that thermal cooling technology can reduce the cost of cooling units, remarkably. Furthermore, the utilization of the proposed system will decrease the dependence on primary energy resources. The saving factor of the proposed system with 1 ton capacity in comparison to the conventional vapor compression unit is found to be 34.6%. The present study also recommends that the government subsidies and incentives can further improve the development and utilization of solar air conditioning technology in developing countries.
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Sharma, Sumit, Ashish Nayyar, and Kamal Kishore Khatri. "Research on the Influence of Dust and Ambient Temperature on the Power of Photovoltaic Cells Based on the Regression Method." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 10, no. 2 (2021): 24–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2021040102.
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Solar energy has huge potential and offers a solution to fulfill the demand for energy and reduce fossil fuel emissions. An effort had been made for assessing the effects of dust accumulation and ambient temperature on module conversion efficiency of 62 KWp grid connected rooftop solar plant. The performance parameters including open-circuit voltage, maximum voltage, short-circuit current, maximum current, etc. were collected and permitting for usual dust addition. These statistics were used for the estimation of the performance ratio (PR), capacity utilization factor (CUF), and power conversion efficiency. This work assesses the decrease in conversion efficiency of cell as a function of dust addition and ambient temperature. A multivariate linear regressions (MLR) model can forecast conversion efficiency closely, with R2 values close to 91%. It was employed in computing decrease in efficiency due to dust addition only. Result shows that the normal efficiency drops due to dust are 0.872%/day, energy harms are 9.935 kWh/m2 and Rs. 192.72 or 2.5 dollar per day by the MLR model.
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Bojja, Shiva Kumar, B. M. Kunar, and S. N. Murthy Ch. "Performance analysis of a 50 MW grid-connected solar PV system for sustainable mining operations." Disaster Advances 18, no. 5 (2025): 196–201. https://doi.org/10.25303/185da1960201.
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The strategic use of renewable resources has become essential for guaranteeing energy security in response to rising energy demands. Mining operations require creative solutions to provide steady energy delivery because of their high energy needs and dependence on continuous power. A technically sound and financially advantageous option for extensive energy integration in these industries is grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. The performance of 50 MW grid-connected solar PV power plant in Peddapalli, a major mining hub with ideal solar conditions, is assessed in this study. With an average yearly temperature of 27.3°C and a mean solar insolation of 4.97 kWh/m2, the plant uses a seasonal tilt approach to maximize solar energy capture. A quarterly energy yield of 15,798.192 MWh, a capacity utilization factor (CUF) of 17.68% and a performance ratio (PR) of 86.12% are examples of key performance measures. By successfully integrating solar PV technology into mining operations, operational expenses and carbon emissions are decreased while issues with energy stability are resolved. This study provides helpful insights for utilizing renewable energy in energy-intensive businesses by highlighting the necessity of robust architecture, stable buildings and efficient energy management to maintain a consistent power supply.
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Luo, Min, Dan-Dan Zhou, Ao Shang, Ren-You Gan, and Hua-Bin Li. "Influences of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Parameters on Antioxidant Activity of the Extract from Akebia trifoliata Peels." Foods 10, no. 6 (2021): 1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061432.
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Akebia trifoliata is a fruit with rich nutritional properties, and its peel is produced as a by-product. In this research, we investigated the influences of microwave-assisted extraction parameters on antioxidant activity of the extract from Akebia trifoliata peels, and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) as well as total phenolic contents (TPC) were used to optimize extraction parameters. The influences of ethanol concentration, microwave power and solvent-to-material ratio, as well as extraction temperature and time on TPC, FRAP and TEAC values, were assessed using single-factor tests. Three parameters with obvious effects on antioxidant capacity were selected to further investigate their interactions by response surface methodology. The optimal extraction parameters of natural antioxidants from Akebia trifoliata peels were ethanol concentration, 49.61% (v/v); solvent-to-material ratio, 32.59:1 mL/g; extraction time, 39.31 min; microwave power, 500 W; and extraction temperature, 50 °C. Under optimal conditions, the FRAP, TEAC and TPC values of Akebia trifoliata peel extracts were 351.86 ± 9.47 µM Fe(II)/g dry weight (DW), 191.12 ± 3.53 µM Trolox/g DW and 32.67 ± 0.90 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW, respectively. Furthermore, the main bioactive compounds (chlorogenic acid, rutin and ellagic acid) in the extract were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results are useful for the full utilization of the by-product from Akebia trifoliate fruit.
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Cichoń, Aleksandra, and William Worek. "Analytical Investigation of a Novel System for Combined Dew Point Cooling and Water Recovery." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (2021): 1481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041481.
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This paper presents the analytical investigation of a novel system for combined Dew Point Cooling and Water Recovery (DPC-WR system). The operating principle of the presented system is to utilize the dew point cooling phenomenon implemented in two stages in order to obtain both air cooling and water recovery. The system performance is described by different indicators, including the coefficient of performance (COP), gained output ratio (GOR), energy utilization factor (EUF), specific energy consumption (SEC) and specific daily water production (SDWP). The performance indicators are calculated for various climatic zones using a validated analytical model based on the convective heat transfer coefficient. By utilizing the dew point cooling phenomenon, it is possible to minimize the heat and electric energy consumption from external sources, which results in the COP and GOR values being an order of magnitude higher than for other cooling and water recovery technologies. The EUF value of the DPC-WR system ranges from 0.76 to 0.96, with an average of 0.90. The SEC value ranges from 0.5 to 2.0 kWh/m3 and the SDWP value ranges from 100 to 600 L/day/(kg/s). In addition, the DPC-WR system is modular, i.e., it can be multiplied as needed to achieve the required cooling or water recovery capacity.
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Khatete, Moyale George, James Messo Raude, and Patrick G. Home. "Evaluating the technical, managerial, socio-economic and environmental performance of Kenya’s Ahero irrigation scheme using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model." Journal of Agriculture, Science and Technology 22, no. 3 (2023): 6–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jagst.v22i3.2.
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A majority of public irrigation schemes worldwide have continuously performed below their potential, and there is a need to investigate key components of irrigation scheme performance and provide study-based recommendations to enhance their optimal productivity. The Ahero Irrigation Scheme in Kenya is one such scheme, and this study is meant to evaluate the scheme’s technical, management, environmental, and socio-economic performance, which are crucial to the overall performance of an irrigation scheme. The technical factor considers the system hydraulics; management considers the maintenance of infrastructure and the organizational set-ups in the scheme to ensure effective service delivery; the environmental factor evaluates scheme operations against adverse environmental impacts; and the socioeconomic factor evaluates income by farmers from the sale of rice and credit access to enhance their farm operations. Models have been applied to evaluate the most significant parameters affecting the performance of schemes and to help plan out which factor is to be addressed first. This study aimed to evaluate the technical, managerial, socioeconomic, and environmental performance of the Ahero Irrigation Scheme in Kenya using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model. The indicators used under the technical parameter include adequacy, equity, efficiency, and dependability. Questionnaires were used to obtain information on farmer satisfaction with irrigation water delivery amounts and timing and any extra feedback to improve the technical performance of the scheme. For the managerial parameter, the indicators include the effectiveness of infrastructure, land renovation ratio, and training. The number of functional structures was counted, and a ratio of functional to total structures was calculated to determine the effectiveness of infrastructure. The land renovation was calculated as a ratio of the area under irrigation to the total gazetted land of the irrigation scheme. Questionnaires were used to gather feedback on extension services, if any, advanced to farmers. Random sampling was used to select farmers distributed across the scheme, with a confidence level of 95%. For the environmental parameter, the indicators used include the drainage ratio, the river water ratio, and the groundwater ratio. On the technical parameter, the canal’s conveyance efficiency was found to be 60% (fair); adequacy in the upper, mid, and lower streams of the scheme was 0.99 (very good), 0.82 (good), and 0.74 (poor), respectively; equity was 0.57 (poor); the coefficient of variance for dependability for the April-July season was 5.3 (good), while for the reference year 2020, it was 16.23 (poor). The findings for the scheme’s hydraulic performance generally indicated that water distribution and utilization in the scheme were inefficient. Farmers also complained about inconsistencies in water delivery owing to the scheme’s reliance on pumping irrigation water, which is affected whenever there are power outages. On the managerial parameter, the effectiveness of infrastructure was found to be 89%, while the irrigation ratio was established at 62%. It was also noted that training farmers was not done regularly. On the socio-economic parameter, it was noted that credit was given to farmers based on their capacity to pay it back. Notable also was the fact that the income of farmers was poor, which was the result of an unavailable market for harvested rice. On the environmental parameter, the river water ratio was found to be 1, since the irrigation scheme had no other source of water other than river water. Based on the overall AHP analysis, the technical parameter (51%) should be given more priority, followed by the socio-economic parameter (32%), the management parameter (11%), and the environmental parameter (6%).
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Xu, Xiaofeng, Qiang Zhou, Xiangyu Chen, Yiqi Li, and Yiqiu Jiang. "The Efficiency of Green Technology Innovation and Its Influencing Factors in Wastewater Treatment Companies." Separations 9, no. 10 (2022): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9100263.
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To achieve the harmonious development of economic growth and the environment, nations must pay more attention to wastewater treatment and boost efficiency using green technology. This study applies the Malmquist-DEA model to assess the efficiency of green technology innovation in 19 Chinese wastewater treatment companies between 2017 and 2020. In addition, focus is placed on the core wastewater treatment technology of the companies with excellent performance, indicating how wastewater treatment companies may improve their green technology. The results of the study indicate that, first, the overall effectiveness of green technology innovation in companies follows a rising and then decreasing trend. In 2020, wastewater treatment companies’ green technology innovation efficiency was around 17.4 percent lower than in 2017. Improving technical progress is the key to boosting the total factor productivity of wastewater treatment companies. Second, based on the Tobit regression, the shareholding ratio of companies has a positive influence on the technical efficiency of companies. Therefore, China should increase innovation capacity and productivity, adopt current sewage treatment technology from overseas, and thus gradually achieve clean sewage utilization and ecological environment management.
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Tirogo, Issaka. "Effect of different tilt angles on the performance of the different PV panels in Pouytenga, Burkina Faso." WAPRIME 1, no. 1 (2024): 45–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14931748.
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This study investigates the impact of varying tilt angles on the performance of crystalline silicon (c-Si) and copper indium diselenide (CIS) photovoltaic (PV) panels in Pouytenga, Burkina Faso. Located in West Africa, Burkina Faso possesses significant solar energy potential, yet faces considerable challenges in terms of energy access, particularly in rural regions. This research focuses on 3 kW power PV systems, employing the PVGIS (Photovoltaic Geographical Information System) software and the SARAH solar radiation database to conduct simulations at different tilt angles (0°, 10°, 20°, and 30°) with a fixed south-facing orientation (azimuth angle of 0°). The 3 kWp system size was selected as a scalable option suitable for meeting the energy needs of a typical household or small business in the area, and appropriate for off-grid applications. Using typical meteorological year (TMY) data for Pouytenga, monthly average simulations were carried out. Key performance indicators, including annual energy yield (kWh), average monthly energy production (kWh/month), performance ratio (PR), and capacity factor (CF), were analyzed. The results enable the determination of the optimal tilt angle for both c-Si and CIS PV technologies, as well as a comparison of their performance at different tilt angles. This study provides practical insights for optimizing the design and installation of 3 kW power PV systems in Pouytenga and other regions with similar climatic conditions, ultimately contributing to more effective utilization of solar energy and improved energy access.
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Zhao, Xumin, Guojie Xie, Yi Luo, Jingyuan Chen, Fenghua Liu, and HongPeng Bai. "Optimizing storage on fog computing edge servers: A recent algorithm design with minimal interference." PLOS ONE 19, no. 7 (2024): e0304009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304009.
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The burgeoning field of fog computing introduces a transformative computing paradigm with extensive applications across diverse sectors. At the heart of this paradigm lies the pivotal role of edge servers, which are entrusted with critical computing and storage functions. The optimization of these servers’ storage capacities emerges as a crucial factor in augmenting the efficacy of fog computing infrastructures. This paper presents a novel storage optimization algorithm, dubbed LIRU (Low Interference Recently Used), which synthesizes the strengths of the LIRS (Low Interference Recency Set) and LRU (Least Recently Used) replacement algorithms. Set against the backdrop of constrained storage resources, this research endeavours to formulate an algorithm that optimizes storage space utilization, elevates data access efficiency, and diminishes access latencies. The investigation initiates a comprehensive analysis of the storage resources available on edge servers, pinpointing the essential considerations for optimization algorithms: storage resource utilization and data access frequency. The study then constructs an optimization model that harmonizes data frequency with cache capacity, employing optimization theory to discern the optimal solution for storage maximization. Subsequent experimental validations of the LIRU algorithm underscore its superiority over conventional replacement algorithms, showcasing significant improvements in storage utilization, data access efficiency, and reduced access delays. Notably, the LIRU algorithm registers a 5% increment in one-hop hit ratio relative to the LFU algorithm, a 66% enhancement over the LRU algorithm, and a 14% elevation in system hit ratio against the LRU algorithm. Moreover, it curtails the average system response time by 2.4% and 16.5% compared to the LRU and LFU algorithms, respectively, particularly in scenarios involving large cache sizes. This research not only sheds light on the intricacies of edge server storage optimization but also significantly propels the performance and efficiency of the broader fog computing ecosystem. Through these insights, the study contributes a valuable framework for enhancing data management strategies within fog computing architectures, marking a noteworthy advancement in the field.
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Koul, Parankush, Mahesh K. Varpe, Pritam Bhat, Aniket Mishra, Chirag Malhotra, and Devang Kalra. "Effects of Leading-edge Tubercles on the Aerodynamic Performance of Rectangular Blades for low-speed Wind Turbine Applications." International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (2025): 01–28. https://doi.org/10.59828/ijsrmst.v4i1.278.
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The rapid depletion of conventional energy resources like fossil fuels has harmed the environment. Hence, there is an urgent need to seek alternative and sustainable energy sources. Wind energy is considered one of the efficient sources of energy that can be converted to a useful form of electrical energy. Though the field of wind engineering has developed in recent years there is still scope for improvement in the effective utilization of energy. The turbine blades' aerodynamics and the turbulent fluid flow characteristics largely determine the wind turbine's energy efficiency. Hence, in the present studies, we investigated the improvement of small wind turbine blade design by incorporating bioinspired tubercles into blades. One of the issues of small wind turbines is the low-capacity factor in power. The wind in such circumstances under buildings and other adjacent obstructions for small turbines is normally weak, unstable, and turbulent in wind speed and direction. Thus, the design of small turbines needs to be improved to capture low wind speeds and to respond quickly to turbulent wind resource areas. Biomimetics is a science that helps us adapt designs from nature to solve modern problems. The wing-like flipper of the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) has a morphology with potential for aerodynamic applications. The humpback whale flipper has several sinusoidal rounded bumps, called tubercles which modify the flow over the blade surface, creating vortices between the tubercles. Therefore, we conducted an XFOIL analysis of symmetrical NACA airfoils and we observed that NACA0012 could produce the best lift/drag ratio. The airfoil was then validated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis in which the results were found comparable to that of the published data. Finally, CFD analysis was conducted for tubercles with a different pitch-to-amplitude ratio (p/A) and the tubercled airfoil with p/A of 6 provided the best result.
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Boontiam, Waewaree, Jinsu Hong, and Winai Jaikan. "Effects of Brewer Grain Meal with Enzyme Combination on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Intestinal Morphology, Immunity, and Oxidative Status in Growing Pigs." Fermentation 8, no. 4 (2022): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8040172.
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This study investigated the effects of supplementing feed with various levels of brewer grain meal (BGM) and enzymes (amylase, xylanase, β-glucanase, lipase, cellulase, β-mannanase, phytase, and pectinase) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, immunity, and oxidative status in growing pigs. Eighty growing pigs were subjected to four feed treatments (five replicates per treatment), based on a corn-soybean basal diet: feeds with 0.1% enzyme combination supplementation (PC), no enzyme supplementation (NC), 20% BGM with 0.1% enzyme combination (BGM20), and 40% BGM with 0.1% enzyme combination (BGM40). Supplementing the feed with both BGM-supplemented diets significantly increased final body weight, average daily gain, the digestibility of crude protein and ash, serum concentration of total proteins, superoxide dismutase activity, villus height in the duodenum and jejunum, and duodenal villus height to crypt depth ratio; however, it did not significantly increase blood urea nitrogen, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, malondialdehyde levels, and duodenal crypt depth compared to the NC diet (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a lower hindgut pH in the middle of the colon was detected following the BGM-supplemented diet compared to PC treatment (p = 0.005). Increased levels of triglycerides and albumin were detected in BGM20-fed pigs, whereas increased levels of glucose, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione peroxidase but decreased interleukine-6 levels were observed in the BGM40 compared with the NC group (p = 0.05). No differences were observed in the average daily feed intake and gain to feed ratio, in the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase or immunoglobulins (p > 0.05). The addition of up to 40% BGM combined with 0.1% enzyme supplementation positively promotes the growth performance, nutrient utilization, and intestinal health of growing pigs.
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Chen, Yun-Feng, Kai-Lin Cao, Hong-Fei Huang, Xiao-Qin Li, and Xiang-Jun Leng. "Dietary Effects of Lipid and Protein Levels on Growth, Feed Utilization, Lipid Metabolism, and Antioxidant Capacity of Triploid Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Aquaculture Nutrition 2023 (August 25, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8325440.
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This study investigated the dietary effects of lipid and protein levels on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant capacity of triploid rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. A 3 × 2 two-factor design was conducted with three crude lipid levels of 4%, 9%, and 14% (L4, L9, and L14) and two crude protein levels of 44%, 49% (P44, P49). Therefore, a total of six diets were prepared as P44/L4, P44/L9, P44/L14, P49/L4, P49/L9, and P49/L14. Triploid rainbow trout (initial body weight 65.0 ± 0.1 g) were fed one of the six diets for 80 days. The results showed that weight gain (WG), protein retention (PR), and protein efficiency rate (PER) significantly increased with increasing the dietary lipid level at the same crude protein level, while feed conversion ratio (FCR) and hepatosomatic index significantly decreased ( P < 0.05 ). At the same lipid level, there was no difference in WG, FCR, PR, PER between 44% and 49% crude protein group ( P > 0.05 ). The P49/L14 group had the highest WG (374.6%) and lowest FCR (1.25), while P44/L14 group had the highest PER (1.80) and PR (25.06%) with similar WG and FCR to P49/L14 group. The crude lipid contents in whole fish were significantly higher in the L14 group than those in the L4 and L9 groups ( P < 0.05 ). Muscle n-3 PUFAs, n-6 PUFAs, and PUFAs levels were positively correlated with dietary lipid level, while n-6 PUFAs was negatively correlated with dietary protein level. Dietary protein, dietary lipid, and their interaction significantly affected hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content, aspartate aminotransferase, lipase (LPS), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) activities ( P < 0.05 ). In both P44 and P49 groups, LPS and FAS activities increased with increasing the dietary lipid level. MDA content significantly decreased in the P44 group and increased in the P49 group with increasing the dietary lipid level ( P < 0.05 ). As dietary protein level increased, serum total cholesterol level increased, while hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity decreased. With increasing the dietary lipid level, total superoxide dismutase, catalase, total nitric oxide synthase, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities showed an increasing trend, while the opposite was true for alanine aminotransferase activity. In conclusion, based on growth performance and feed utilization, dietary protein level of 44% and dietary lipid level of 14% (measured value, 43.71% and 13.62%) were suggested for young triploid rainbow trout.
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Singh, Thokchom Suka Deba, Benjamin A. Shimray, and Sorokhaibam Nilakanta Meitei. "Performance Analysis of a Rooftop Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System in North-Eastern India, Manipur." Energies 18, no. 8 (2025): 1921. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18081921.
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The performance analysis of a 10 kWp rooftop grid connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system located in Sagolband, Imphal, India has been studied for 5 years. The key technical parameters such as array yield (YA), reference yield (YR), final yield (YF), capacity utilization factor (CUF), PV system efficiency (ηSys), and performance ratio (PR) were used to investigate its performance. In this study, the experimentally measured results of the system’s performance for the five years (i.e., July 2018 to June 2023) were compared with the predicted results, which were obtained using PVsyst V7.3.0 software. The measured energy generation in 5 years (including 40 days OFF due to inverter failure on 17 June 2019 because of a surge, which was resolved on 27 July 2019) was 58,911.3 kWh as compared to the predicted 77,769 kWh. The measured daily average energy yield was 3.2 kWh/kWp as compared to the predicted 4.2 kWh/kWp. It can be seen that there was a large difference between the real and predicted values, which may be due to inverter downtime, local environmental variables (e.g., lower-than-expected solar irradiation and temperature impacts), and the possible degradation of photovoltaic modules over time. The measured daily average PR of the system was 70.71%, and the maximum occurred in the months of October, November, December, and January, which was almost similar to the predicted result. The measured daily average CUF of the system was 13.36%, and the maximum occurred in the months of March, April, and May. The measured daily average system efficiency was 11.31%. Moreover, the actual payback was 4 years and 10 months, indicating strong financial viability despite the system’s estimated lifespan of 25 years. This study highlights the importance of regular maintenance, fault detection, and better predictive modelling for more accurate energy projections, and also offers an understanding of real-world performance fluctuations.
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Tiwari, Shubham. "Performance Analysis of 3kW Residential Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System with Microinverter Topology using System Advisor Model." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (2021): 1294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38176.
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Abstract: Grid connected rooftop PV systems are the most common form of solar energy utilization that helps home owners to reduce carbon footprint and save money in utility bills. This project focuses on the design and modelling of a 3KW residential PV system connected to a 240V single phase grid. The purpose of this study was to conduct an independent experiment on a photovoltaic system with microinverters, to determine their performance characteristics in shaded and unshaded conditions. The systems have fixed tilt angle and fixed azimuth angle. In order to analyse the performance of the systems, the Energy Yield, Performance Ratio, Capacity factor and Annual Energy have been used. This allowed to obtain reliable metrics even with different Irradiance values and different Peak Powers. In the conventional central inverters, several strings of PV modules are combined in order to achieve the power required from the inverter to operate. Strings are connected in parallel and then these strings are led to the inverter after running several meters of DC cables. These cables are often very thick and as a result are very expensive while at the same time, they add losses to the overall system. On the other hand, AC cables are much less expensive and they have fewer losses. A residential system was designed in SAM using specific weather data. The simulation results supported the fact that micro inverters perform well in both shaded and non-shaded conditions. A significant advantage of Micro Inverters is the avoidance of shading losses and mismatch among different PV technologies which consists a great challenge on PV installations. The String Inverter system produced an annual energy of 4763 kWh in the first year with no shading and 4286 kWh in the first year with shading losses. Keywords: Inverters, Photovoltaic cells, Photovoltaic systems, Solar energy, Solar panels.
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Kumar, Rahul, Ramani Kannan, Nursyarizal Bin Mohd Nor, and Apel Mahmud. "A High Step-Up Switched Z-Source Converter (HS-SZC) with Minimal Components Count for Enhancing Voltage Gain." Electronics 10, no. 8 (2021): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080924.
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Some applications such as fuel cells or photovoltaic panels offer low output voltage, and it is essential to boost this voltage before connecting to the grid through an inverter. The Z-network converter can be used for the DC-DC conversion to enhance the output voltage of renewable energy sources. However, boosting capabilities of traditional Z-network boost converters are limited, and the utilization of higher parts count makes it bulky and expensive. In this paper, an efficient, high step-up, switched Z-source DC-DC boost converter (HS-SZC) is presented, which offers a higher boost factor at a smaller duty ratio and avoids the instability due to the saturation of inductors. In the proposed converter, the higher voltage gain is achieved by using one inductor and switch at the back end of the conventional Z-source DC-DC converter (ZSC). The idea is to utilize the output capacitor for filtering and charging and discharging loops. Moreover, the proposed converter offers a wider range of load capacity, thus minimizing the power losses and enhancing efficiency. This study simplifies the structure of conventional Z-source converters through the deployment of fewer components, and hence making it more cost-effective and highly efficient, compared to other DC-DC boost converters. Furthermore, a comparison based on the boosting capability and number of components is provided, and the performance of the proposed design is analyzed with non-ideal elements. Finally, simulation and experimental studies are carried out to evaluate and validate the performance of the proposed converter.
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Wu, Duoting, Hanying Xu, Yunxia Yang, Wenping Feng, Tao Han, and Jiteng Wang. "Can Taurine Supplementation in a Diet with Soybean Meal Instead of Fish Meal Improve the Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, and Antioxidant Capacity of Spotted Knifejaw (Oplegnathus punctatus)?" Water 14, no. 21 (2022): 3393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14213393.
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To determine the impact of replacing fish meal (FM) in the diet with various levels of soybean meal (SBM) on the spotted knifejaw Oplegnathus punctatus, a 56 day feeding trial was done. Seven diets were formulated with SBM to replace 0% (SBM0), 30% (SBM30), 40% (SBM40), 50% (SBM50), 60% (SBM60), and 70% (SBM70) of FM protein, and SBM50 + T was developed on the basis of SBM50 with the addition of 1.2% taurine. There were triplicate groups of 18 fish (initial weight: 14.62 ± 0.02 g). The weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) values of the SBM0, SBM30, and SBM50 + T groups were found to be significantly higher than those of the SBM60 and SBM70 groups (p < 0.05). The daily energy gain (DEG), daily nitrogen gain (DNG), daily lipid gain (DLG), energy retention (ER), nitrogen retention (NR), and lipid retention (LR) values decreased significantly with increasing dietary SBM levels (p < 0.05). The highest retention of most amino acids (except lysine) was observed in the SBM30 group (p < 0.05). The lipid content of the whole body and dorsal muscle decreased significantly as dietary SBM levels increased (p < 0.05). Fish fed the SBM70 diet had the lowest serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations (p < 0.05). The effects of different treatments on total cholesterol (T-CHO) were not significant (p > 0.05). Fish fed the SBM0 and SBM30 diets had the highest amylase (AMS) and lipase (LPS) activities (p < 0.05). The lowest liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were observed in the SBM70 group. The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of the SBM50 to SBM70 groups were significantly higher than that of other groups (p < 0.05). The levels of interleukin 8 (il-8) mRNA were highest in fish fed the SBM0, SBM30, and SBM50 + T diets (p < 0.05), while the level of transforming growth factor β1 (tgf-β1) was the opposite (p < 0.05). According to the broken line regression of WG and FE, the highest level of FM substitution by SBM for Oplegnathus punctatus was 24.07–25.31%.
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El-Desouky, Fify F., Mostafa A. Ibrahim, Ibrahim M. Abd El-Razek, et al. "Improving Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) Utilization with Sodium Butyrate in Nile Tilapia Diets: Effects on Growth Performance, Intestinal Histology, Antioxidative Response, and Blood Biomarkers." Aquaculture Nutrition 2024 (March 26, 2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/2442308.
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Yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) meal was introduced to aquafeed as a suitable protein source to replace fish meal (FM) and soybean meal and, thereby, consistent aquaculture production. However, mealworms should be added at adequate levels due to the presence of antinutritional factors such as chitin. Consequently, sodium butyrate (SB) is suggested to improve feed quality and ensure aquatic animals’ productivity and welfare. In this study, parallel with the protein source (T. molitor meal or FM), dietary supplementation of SB (1 g/kg) is involved as a factor in the 2 × 2 factorial study. The first and the second diets were formulated using FM as a protein source with or without SB, while the third and fourth diets were prepared by replacing FM with T. molitor meal with or without SB supplementation. After 60 days, fish fed with FM or T. molitor and SB showed improved final body weight and weight gain, while those fed with T. molitor without SB had a reduced protein efficiency ratio. Histological analysis revealed that dietary SB improved intestinal histological features by increasing the height and branching of intestinal villi and immune cell infiltration near intestinal crypts in Nile tilapia-fed FM or T. molitor. Furthermore, fish-fed FM or T. molitor and SB had higher Hb, red blood cells, PCV, total protein, and globulin levels than fish-fed respective test diets without SB supplementation. Dietary SB addition to FM or T. molitor-based diets also significantly enhanced blood lysozyme and phagocytic activities, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced MDA levels. Our results demonstrate that T. molitor meal can replace FM without compromising Nile tilapia’s growth performance and health status. Additionally, SB supplementation improved T. molitor meal utilization by Nile tilapia, thereby significantly enhancing the growth, digestion capacity, intestinal histological features, and antioxidative and immune responses. Consequently, dietary T. molitor meal reduces the reliance on FM and improves the sustainability and efficiency of Nile tilapia production.
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Awan, Ahmed Bilal, Mohammed Alghassab, Muhammad Zubair, Abdul Rauf Bhatti, Muhammad Uzair, and Ghulam Abbas. "Comparative Analysis of Ground-Mounted vs. Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems Optimized for Interrow Distance between Parallel Arrays." Energies 13, no. 14 (2020): 3639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143639.
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The aim of this research is to perform an in-depth performance comparison of ground-mounted and rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems. The PV modules are tilted to receive maximum solar irradiance. The efficiency of the PV system decreases due to the mutual shading impact of parallel tilted PV modules. The mutual shading decreases with the increasing interrow distance of parallel PV modules, but a distance that is too large causes an increase in land cost in the case of ground-mounted configuration and a decrease in roof surface shading in the case of rooftop configuration, because larger sections of roof are exposed to sun radiation. Therefore, an optimized interrow distance for the two PV configurations is determined with the aim being to minimize the levelized cost of energy (LCoE) and maximize the energy yield. The model of the building is simulated in EnergyPlus software to determine the cooling load requirement and roof surface temperatures under different shading scenarios. The layout of the rooftop PV system is designed in Helioscope software. A detailed comparison of the two systems is carried out based on energy output, performance ratio, capacity utilization factor (CUF), energy yield, and LCoE. Compared to ground-mounted configuration, the rooftop PV configuration results in a 2.9% increase in CUF, and up to a 23.7% decrease in LCoE. The results of this research show that installing a PV system on a roof has many distinct advantages over ground-mounted PV systems such as the shading of the roof, which leads to the curtailment of the cooling energy requirements of the buildings in hot regions and land cost savings, especially for urban environments.
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Wu, Yubo, Hengjia Ma, Donghuan Fu, Hui Zhu, Xiujuan Wang, and Xing Ren. "Growth, Nutrient Retention, Waste Output, and Antioxidant Capacity of Juvenile Triangular Bream (Megalobrama terminalis) in Response to Dietary Selenium Yeast Concentration." Aquaculture Nutrition 2022 (September 22, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9242188.
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An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary selenium yeast levels on growth, nutrient retention, waste output, and antioxidant capacity of juvenile triangular bream (Megalobrama terminalis). Five isonitrogenous (320 g/kg crude protein) and isolipidic (65 g/kg crude lipid) diets were formulated, with supplementation of graded levels of selenium yeast at 0 (diet Se0), 1 (diet Se1), 3 (diet Se3), 9 (diet Se9), and 12 g/kg (diet Se12). No significant differences were found in initial body weight, condition factor, visceral somatic index, hepatosomatic index, and whole body contents of crude protein, ash, and phosphorus among fish fed different test diet. The highest final body weight and weight gain rate were found in fish fed diet Se3. The specific growth rate (SGR) is closely related to dietary selenium (Se) concentrations with a relationship described as SGR = – 0.0043 S e 2 + 0.1062 Se + 2.661 . Higher feed conversion ratio was found, while lower retention efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus were found in fish fed diets Se1, Se3, and Se9 than in fish fed diet Se12. Contents of selenium in whole body, vertebra, and dorsal muscle increased with dietary supplementation of selenium yeast increased from 1 mg/kg to 9 mg/kg. Lower nitrogen and phosphorous waste was found in fish fed diets Se0, Se1, Se3, and Se9 than in fish fed diet Se12. Fish fed diet Se3 exhibited the highest activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and lysozyme while the lowest malonaldehyde content in both the liver and kidney. Our results showed that the optimal dietary selenium requirement for triangular bream should be 12.34 mg/kg based on the nonlinear regression on SGR, and fish fed diet Se3 in which selenium concentration (8.24 mg/kg) was close to the optimal requirement displayed the best growth performance, feed nutrient utilization, and antioxidant capacity.
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Zhang, Wencai, Jun Shen, Xiaogang Guo, et al. "Comprehensive Investigation into the Impact of Degradation of Recycled Polyethylene and Recycled Polypropylene on the Thermo-Mechanical Characteristics and Thermal Stability of Blends." Molecules 29, no. 18 (2024): 4499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29184499.
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The impact of degradation on plastics is a critical factor influencing their properties and behavior, particularly evident in polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) and their blends. However, the effect of photoaging and thermal degradation, specifically within recycled polyethylene (rPE) and recycled polypropylene (rPP), on the thermo-mechanical and thermostability aspects of these blends remains unexplored. To address this gap, a range of materials, including virgin polyethylene (vPE), recycled polyethylene (rPE), virgin polypropylene (vPP), recycled polypropylene (rPP), and their blends with different ratios, were comprehensively investigated. Through a systematic assessment encompassing variables such as melting flow index (MFI), functional groups, mechanical traits, crystallization behavior, microscopic morphology, and thermostability, it was found that thermo-oxidative degradation generated hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups in rPE and rPP. Optimal mechanical properties were achieved with a 6:4 mass ratio of rPE to rPP, as validated by FTIR spectroscopy and microscopic morphology. By establishing the chemical model, the changes in the system with an rPE–rPP ratio of 6:4 and 8:2 were monitored by the molecular simulation method. When the rPE–rPP ratio was 6:4, the system’s energy was lower, and the number of hydrogen bonds was higher, which also confirmed the above experimental results. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed an increased crystallization temperature in rPE, a reduced crystallization peak area in rPP, and a diminished crystallization capacity in rPE/rPP blends, with rPP exerting a pronounced influence. This study plays a pivotal role in enhancing recycling efficiency and reducing production costs for waste plastics, especially rPE and rPP—the primary components of plastic waste. By uncovering insights into the degradation effects and material behaviors, our research offers practical pathways for more sustainable waste management. This approach facilitates the optimal utilization of the respective performance characteristics of rPE and rPP, enabling the development of highly cost-effective rPE/rPP blend materials and promoting the efficient reuse of waste materials.
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Kassa, Hiwot Tadese, Jason Akers, Mrinmoy Ghosh, Zhichao Cao, Vaibhav Gogte, and Ronald Dreslinski. "Power-optimized Deployment of Key-value Stores Using Storage Class Memory." ACM Transactions on Storage 18, no. 2 (2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3511905.
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High-performance flash-based key-value stores in data-centers utilize large amounts of DRAM to cache hot data. However, motivated by the high cost and power consumption of DRAM, server designs with lower DRAM-per-compute ratio are becoming popular. These low-cost servers enable scale-out services by reducing server workload densities. This results in improvements to overall service reliability, leading to a decrease in the total cost of ownership (TCO) for scalable workloads. Nevertheless, for key-value stores with large memory footprints, these reduced DRAM servers degrade performance due to an increase in both IO utilization and data access latency. In this scenario, a standard practice to improve performance for sharded databases is to reduce the number of shards per machine, which degrades the TCO benefits of reduced DRAM low-cost servers. In this work, we explore a practical solution to improve performance and reduce the costs and power consumption of key-value stores running on DRAM-constrained servers by using Storage Class Memories (SCM). SCMs in a DIMM form factor, although slower than DRAM, are sufficiently faster than flash when serving as a large extension to DRAM. With new technologies like Compute Express Link, we can expand the memory capacity of servers with high bandwidth and low latency connectivity with SCM. In this article, we use Intel Optane PMem 100 Series SCMs (DCPMM) in AppDirect mode to extend the available memory of our existing single-socket platform deployment of RocksDB (one of the largest key-value stores at Meta). We first designed a hybrid cache in RocksDB to harness both DRAM and SCM hierarchically. We then characterized the performance of the hybrid cache for three of the largest RocksDB use cases at Meta (ChatApp, BLOB Metadata, and Hive Cache). Our results demonstrate that we can achieve up to 80% improvement in throughput and 20% improvement in P95 latency over the existing small DRAM single-socket platform, while maintaining a 43–48% cost improvement over our large DRAM dual-socket platform. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the DCPMM platform in a commercial data center.
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Jia, Xiaolin, Yi Fang, Bifeng Hu, Baobao Yu, and Yin Zhou. "Development of Soil Fertility Index Using Machine Learning and Visible-Near-Infrared Spectroscopy." Land 12, no. 12 (2023): 2155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12122155.
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An accurate assessment of soil fertility is crucial for monitoring environmental dynamics, improving agricultural productivity, and achieving sustainable land management and utilization. The inherent complexity and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of soils result in significant challenges in soil fertility assessment. Therefore, this study focused on developing a rapid, economical, and precise approach to evaluate soil fertility through the application of visible-near-infrared spectroscopy (VNIR). To achieve this, we utilized the Land Use and Cover Area Frame Survey (LUCAS) dataset and employed a variety of prediction models, including partial least squares regression, support vector machines (SVMs), random forest, and convolutional neural networks, to estimate various soil properties and overall soil fertility. The results showed that the SVM model had the highest prediction accuracy, particularly for clay content (coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.79, ratio of performance to interquartile range (RPIQ) = 3.04), pH (R2 = 0.84, RPIQ = 4.54), total nitrogen (N) (R2 = 0.80, RPIQ = 2.40), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) (R2 = 0.83, RPIQ = 3.16). A soil fertility index (SFI) was developed based on factor analysis, integrating nine essential soil properties: clay content, silt content, sand content, pH, carbonate content, N, soluble phosphorus, soluble potassium, and CEC. We compared direct and indirect prediction models for estimating SFI and found that both models showed high accuracy (mean value of R2 = 0.80, mean value of RPIQ = 2.21). Additionally, SFI was classified into five classes to provide insights for precision agriculture. The kappa coefficient was 0.63, which indicated that the SFI evaluation results between VNIR and chemical analysis were relatively consistent. This study provides a theoretical foundation of real-time soil fertility monitoring for the optimization of agricultural practices.