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1
Guyon, Yves. "Les groupements d'intérêt économique." Articles 22, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 383–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042442ar.
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Collaboration between different business enterprises has become a must in our days of financial, technical and commercial complexity. It is highly encouraged by governments and businessmen. The traditional legal techniques known and frequently used in Canada appear however to be inadequate in some cases. The French legislator has innovated in the field by creating, in 1967, the legal framework of the Groupement d'intérêt économique (G.I.E.) The G.I.E. is an institution that has the separate legal entity of the corporation while maintaining the joint, several and illimited liability of the partners. The G.I.E. is all the way neutral. It is not aimed to generate direct profits for itself or the partners but allows the involved partners to have a better overall performance. Since 1967, over 9000 G.I.E. have been created in France to cover fields as different as the Airbus joint venture, communal maintenance services, research publicity or marketing department, buying or export offices, etc. This article, written by a leading academic, discusses the different legal aspect of the G.I.E. and explains the pros and cons of the institution.
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Langdon, Frank. "La politique économique du Japon à l’égard du Canada." Études internationales 16, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 525–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/701882ar.
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The article attempts to evaluate the balance of United Nations accomplishments in the field of peace and security since 1945. The first part deals with the elements one has to take into consideration to properly evaluate such performance. These are what the Organization ought to do (its objectives), what it could do (its means) and what it has done (the kinds of activities). In the second part, each one of these elements is examined. About the objectives, the article distinguishes between manifest and latent objectives and it argues that the first ones have not changed when the second ones have much changed. About the means, the article analyzes the powers given the UN and the way its principal organs exercise them. It traces the evolution of the roles of the Security Council, the General Assembly, the Secretary general and the International Court of Justice. Concerning the kinds of activities, the article uses a typology developed by H.K. Jacobson to argue that the main function of the UN is a "verbal" or informational one, that the normative function especially in its collective legitimization aspect is the second most important, that the rule supervisory function accounts or few activities, and, that the operational function is more developed than it may appear. The article concludes that the balance is a positive one pointing to the flexibility, the adaptability and the continued usefulness of the UN.
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Toselli, Stefania. "Body Composition and Physical Health in Sports Practice: An Editorial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 4534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094534.
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The assessment of the health status of athletes, at all ages, is an aspect of fundamental importance, and, in recent years, the analysis of body composition has become a fundamental and essential part in its evaluation, such as in the optimization of sports performance [...]
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Cottle, Jordan E., Eric E. Hall, Kirtida Patel, Kenneth P. Barnes, and Caroline J. Ketcham. "Concussion Baseline Testing: Preexisting Factors, Symptoms, and Neurocognitive Performance." Journal of Athletic Training 52, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.12.21.
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Context: Neurocognitive test scores are often considered an important aspect of concussion management. To best use these data, clinicians must understand potential factors that may influence baseline performance on these tests. Objective: To determine preexisting factors that may influence performance on the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT). Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 486 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate student-athletes. Main Outcome Measure(s): To determine neurocognitive functioning and total symptom score at baseline, ImPACT was administered. Outcomes were verbal memory, visual memory, visual motor speed, reaction time, and total symptom score. A self-report demographic section at the beginning of ImPACT was used to gather information concerning previous treatment for headaches, migraines, and psychiatric conditions; diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; and exposure to previous strenuous exercise. We conducted multivariate analyses of variance to determine if the ImPACT composite and total symptom scores differed according to preexisting factors (P < .0083). Results: Sex showed an effect on verbal memory (P = .001), visual motor speed (P < .001), and reaction time (P = .006), with women performing better than men. A previous diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder affected visual motor speed (P = .008). Previous treatment for headaches (P < .001), migraines (P = .001), a psychiatric condition (P < .001), or a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (P < .001) all showed effects on the total symptom score. Strenuous exercise did not affect neurocogntive performance or total symptom score. Conclusions: Based on our findings and the previous literature, we suggest that many preexisting factors influence baseline neurocognitive data. Baseline testing is an important aspect of concussion management. Sports medicine professionals should be cognizant of these factors when developing concussion-management protocols.
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Knechtle, Beat, Evelyn Eichenberger, Christoph Alexander Rüst, Romuald Lepers, Thomas Rosemann, and Vincent Ochieng Onywera. "The aspect of nationality and performance in a mountain ultra-marathon - the ‘Swiss Alpine Marathon’." Journal of Human Sport and Exercise 7, no. 4 (2012): 748–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2012.74.03.
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Kolbadinejad, Maedeh, Farideh Ashraf Ganjouei, and Zahra Haji Anzehaei. "Performance Evaluation Model according to Performance Improvement and Satisfaction of the Staff in the Individual Sports Federations and Federations with Historical Aspect." Annals of Applied Sport Science 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/aassjournal.6.4.59.
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Erickson, Graham. "Innovations in Eye Care: Sport Vision." Canadian Journal of Optometry 79, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 35–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjo.79.299.
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Optometry has a long tradition of providing vision care services to optimize daily function. While this has often focused on academic and occupational performance, sports performance is another important area where vision plays a critical role. Athletes, trainers and coaches have recognized that excellent vision is an important aspect of performance [...]
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Vucetic, Adriana, Michelle Holmes, Roger Adams, and Gordon Waddington. "Bilateral Associations of Low-Level Unilateral Performance: An Unremarked Aspect of Limb Control." Journal of Motor Behavior 40, no. 6 (November 2008): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/jmbr.40.6.479-483.
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Arede, Jorge, António Paulo Ferreira, Oliver Gonzalo-Skok, and Nuno Leite. "Maturational Development as a Key Aspect in Physiological Performance and National-Team Selection in Elite Male Basketball Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 7 (August 1, 2019): 902–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0681.
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Purpose:To determine the discriminators as variables to select the under-16 national-team players and to examine the influence of biological age on physical/technical parameters among young basketball players.Methods:Thirty-four under-15 male basketball players performed several anthropometrical (height, wingspan, body mass, and fingers length) and physical (jumping, sprinting, throwing, flexibility, change-of-direction speed, and aerobic fitness) tests during the under-15 male national-team training camp. Maturity offset, lower-limb asymmetry index, and power outputs for jumping and sprinting were also computed. In addition, game performance was taken into consideration using game-related statistics (assists, turnovers, steals, rebounds, blocks, and points) of 5 games of during the previous regional tournament (April 2016). Cluster analysis was used to analyze the between-maturation status (prepubertal, pubertal, and postpubertal) differences in physical parameters.Results:The postpubertals showed a significantly better performance in power outputs (jumping and sprinting), throwing abilities, and blocks, whereas prepubertal performed significantly better in aerobic fitness and assists. Receiver-operating-characteristic curve confirmed maturational status (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.804;P < .05) and training experience (AUC = 0.789;P < .05) as the most important attributes in predicting under-16 national-team selection. Players with more than 5.5 years of training experience and less than 1.4 y to the age at peak height velocity were most likely to be selected.Conclusion:Maturational status seems to be a key variable that increases the probability of selection for the Portuguese under-16 national team.
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Fischer, Henrike, Daniel Weber, and Ralph Beneke. "No Improvement in Sprint Performance With a Neuromuscular Fitted Dental Splint." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 3 (March 2017): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0037.
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Mouth guards protect against orofacial and dental injuries in sports. However, special fitted dental splints have been claimed to improve strength and speed and, therefore, to enhance athletic performance.Purpose:To test the effects of a neuromuscular fitted dental splint in comparison with a habitual verticalizing splint and a no-splint condition on cycling sprint performance in the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT).Methods:Twenty-three men (26.0 ± 2.0 y, 1.82 ± 0.06 m, 79.4 ± 7.7 kg) performed 3 WAnTs, 1 with the neuromuscular fitted splint, 1 with a habitual verticalized dental splint of the same height and material, and 1 under control conditions without any mouth guard, in randomized order separated by 1 wk.Results:No differences between any splint conditions were found in any aspect of WAnT performance (time to peak power, peak power, minimum power, power drop, and average power). Moderate to nearly perfect correlations between all splint conditions in all WAnT outcomes with coefficients of variation between 1.3% and 6.6% were found.Conclusions:Irrespective of habitual verticalization or myocentric positioning, dental splints have no effects on any aspect of WAnT performance. Results are comparable to those of test–retest experiments.
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DeFranco, Michael J., Champ L. Baker, Jerome J. DaSllva, Dana P. Plasecki, and R. Bach Bernard. "Environmental Issues for Team Physicians." American Journal of Sports Medicine 36, no. 11 (November 2008): 2226–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546508325922.
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As outdoor sports continue to gain popularity, understanding the environmental factors that may influence athletes is becoming a more important aspect of medical care for team physicians. Temperature, ultraviolet light, lightning, and altitude are some of the most common elements that cause illness. Understanding how to prevent, diagnose, and promptly treat conditions caused by environmental factors is essential to optimizing athletic performance in outdoor sports and avoiding morbidity.
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Kurdi, Kurdi, Rif'iy Qomarrullah, and I. Putu Eka Wijaya Putra. "Performance of Papua Petanque Athletes Facing Covid-19." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 16, no. 2 (November 29, 2020): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v16i2.25444.
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This research is a new paradigm mix method by combining grounded theory and case study construction, which involved 11 elite Papuan petanque athletes, data taken from March to May 2020. Data instruments using physical test data, observations, questionnaires, documents, and interviews . Data analysis combines two elements, namely: qualitative, and quantitative. Then the results and discussion in this study are: (1) The health quality of athletes experiencing problems, this is marked by an increase in the proportion of body weight; (2) The physical quality of the athlete experienced a decrease in physical quality before the occurrence of a pandemic above 81.80% and dropped to below 72.70%; (3) Psychologically, when viewed from the aspect of motivation (institutions and extrinsic), it is categorized as high during the pandemic. This research empirically provides a description of the impact received as a result of the Covid-19 outbreak in sports achievements.
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Mujika, Iñigo, Shona Halson, Louise M. Burke, Gloria Balagué, and Damian Farrow. "An Integrated, Multifactorial Approach to Periodization for Optimal Performance in Individual and Team Sports." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 13, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): 538–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0093.
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Sports periodization has traditionally focused on the exercise aspect of athletic preparation, while neglecting the integration of other elements that can impact an athlete’s readiness for peak competition performances. Integrated periodization allows the coordinated inclusion of multiple training components best suited for a given training phase into an athlete’s program. The aim of this article is to review the available evidence underpinning integrated periodization, focusing on exercise training, recovery, nutrition, psychological skills, and skill acquisition as key factors by which athletic preparation can be periodized. The periodization of heat and altitude adaptation, body composition, and physical therapy is also considered. Despite recent criticism, various methods of exercise training periodization can contribute to performance enhancement in a variety of elite individual and team sports, such as soccer. In the latter, both physical and strategic periodization are useful tools for managing the heavy travel schedule, fatigue, and injuries that occur throughout a competitive season. Recovery interventions should be periodized (ie, withheld or emphasized) to influence acute and chronic training adaptation and performance. Nutrient intake and timing in relation to exercise and as part of the periodization of an athlete’s training and competition calendar can also promote physiological adaptations and performance capacity. Psychological skills are a central component of athletic performance, and their periodization should cater to each athlete’s individual needs and the needs of the team. Skill acquisition can also be integrated into an athlete’s periodized training program to make a significant contribution to competition performance.
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Gencer, Eylem. "Psychological Aspect of Pre-competition Warm-up: Motivational Process and Outcomes." Journal of Educational Issues 7, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jei.v7i1.18535.
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Pre-competition warm-up has mostly been examined physically in the literature, focusing on its effect on performance and protection from injuries. However, there is a lack of studies regarding the psychological influences of warm-up. Therefore, in this study it was aimed to explore the psychological reflections of pre-competition warm-up in terms of motivational process and outcomes. The research was designed in qualitative research, and phenomenology was employed. Participants were 10 international wrestlers whose age differentiated between 20 and 25 years. They have a sports career ranging from 8 to 12 years. The data were collected via focus group interviews and analyzed via content analysis. Results showed that wrestlers need pre-competition warm-up as they perceive it improves their performance and protects them from injuries. However, perception of the opponent as stronger or weaker, guides whether the warm-up is needed or not. In addition, pre-competition warm-up motivates wrestlers through stimulating, goal-directing (e.g., adaptation, concentration, awareness), and encouraging them to the competition. In conclusion, pre-competition warm-up not only physically prepares athletes for the competition, but also prepares them psychologically with its motivating influences.
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Olsen, Maja Gunhild, Jan Arvid Haugan, Maria Hrozanova, and Frode Moen. "Coping Amongst Elite-Level Sports Coaches: A Systematic Review." International Sport Coaching Journal 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2019-0051.
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The current study presents a systematic review of six empirical research studies that have explored coping amongst elite-level sport coaches. The study was carried out employing Fletcher et al.’s meta-model of stress, emotions, and performance as a basis for the review. The present results clearly revealed that, despite being an important aspect of coaches’ functioning, coping is almost never researched in its full complexity, and scarce attention is given to cognitive appraisals and long-term outcomes. To our knowledge, current research has so far been limited to the perceived stressors and employed coping strategies. Compared with problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping is less frequently reported. Emotion-focused coping also has some limitations regarding occurrence and diversity in reported strategies. The reasons for this are not well-known due to the lack of comprehensiveness in the research. Hence, researchers are encouraged to further investigate coping amongst elite-level coaches and to do so by treating it as a concept affected by appraisals and personal and situational characteristics that exist in the context of a larger stress process.
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Mills, Joseph, Jim Denison, and Brian Gearity. "Breaking Coaching’s Rules: Transforming the Body, Sport, and Performance." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 44, no. 3 (February 8, 2020): 244–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723520903228.
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“Who knew that doing the wrong things could make everything so right?” There can be little doubt that sports’ dominant bioscientific articulation of the athletic body exerts a strong influence on coaches. Yet, on closer examination, this articulation and the practices it produces are not as straightforward as most coaches and scholars assume. Within the sociocultural study of coaching, scholars have drawn on Michel Foucault’s disciplinary framework to analyze many unseen problems and unintended consequences associated with coaches’ normal or everyday (bioscientific) practices. However, one significant aspect of Foucault’s theoretical framework that has received less attention from coaching scholars is how power and discourse work together to produce several coaching “truths.” To address this gap, in this article, we analyze the first author’s experiences as an international middle-distance runner by showing and telling what problems and constraints are produced when coaches, and by association their athletes, defer to a dominant bioscientific articulation of the athletic body in their training. We conclude by discussing the transformative possibilities when these “truths” are broken.
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Domokos, Cerasela, Martin Domokos, Silvia Nicoleta Mirică, Cristian Negrea, Eugen Bota, and Adrian Nagel. "Being a student at the Faculty of Sports and Physical Education in COVID-19 Pandemic times - A moment in life." Timisoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journal 13, no. 24 (September 1, 2020): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tperj-2020-0007.
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AbstractIntroduction: The COVID-19 Pandemic started in December 2019 in China and it affected millions of people, forcing them to radically change their lifestyle.Aim: Thus, the idea of starting a study that evaluates the effects of the online media transfer on the life routine of PESF-WUT students was outlined, becoming the purpose of the present paper.Material and methods: This study consisted of analyzing a developed questionnaire applied on a study group of 334 students from PESF–WUT, which evaluated 3 aspects of our students’ life: the educational aspect, physical activity and leisure time.Results: The results revealed that COVID-19 Pandemic was a major life changing factor for our students, affecting all aspects of their daily routines. The evaluation of behavior regarding physical activity revealed that this component of our students’ life is of great importance in both the educational and leisure aspects of life.Conclusion: The study revealed that face to face, interpersonal contact has a great impact for both educational performance and the psychological and social aspect, by keeping the level of motivation at high standards. Last but not least, physical activity performed even in unusual conditions, such as Pandemic lockdowns has a great influence on stress management.
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Bochaver, K. A., and L. M. Dovzhik. "Psychological Risks and the End of Career in the Event of Injury in High Performance Sport: Analysis of Cases." Консультативная психология и психотерапия 27, no. 4 (2019): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2019270409.
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The paper presents the psychological aspect of sports injury in high performance sport. The significance of injury manifests itself in the disruption of everyday life, pain, discomfort, and stress, as well as the accompanying existential experiences. On the one hand, injury appears to be a routine and frequent component of the sports profession; on the other hand, its importance is enormous, and an injured athlete can end his/her professional trajectory without being able to become successful and prosperous in life outside of sport. The work emphasized four cases from the authors’ practice. They demonstrate that a high level of perfectionism and internality in the experience of injury can manifest itself in self-blame and internal conflict; successful post-traumatic growth requires a supporting environment. We indicate the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to intervention when all the key specialists and the close ones are involved in the psychological recovery of an athlete.
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Krabben, Kai, Dominic Orth, and John van der Kamp. "Combat as an Interpersonal Synergy: An Ecological Dynamics Approach to Combat Sports." Sports Medicine 49, no. 12 (September 9, 2019): 1825–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01173-y.
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Abstract In combat sports, athletes continuously co-adapt their behavior to that of the opponent. We consider this interactive aspect of combat to be at the heart of skilled performance, yet combat sports research often neglects or limits interaction between combatants. To promote a more interactive approach, the aim of this paper is to understand combat sports from the combined perspective of ecological psychology and dynamic systems. Accordingly, combat athletes are driven by perception of affordances to attack and defend. Two combatants in a fight self-organize into one interpersonal synergy, where the perceptions and actions of both athletes are coupled. To be successful in combat, performers need to manipulate and take advantage of the (in)stability of the system. Skilled performance in combat sports therefore requires brinkmanship: combatants need to be aware of their action boundaries and purposefully act in meta-stable regions on the limits of their capabilities. We review the experimental literature to provide initial support for a synergetic approach to combat sports. Expert combatants seem able to accurately perceive action boundaries for themselves and their opponent. Local-level behavior of individual combatants has been found to lead to spatiotemporal synchronization at the global level of a fight. Yet, a formal understanding of combat as a dynamic system starting with the identification of order and control parameters is still lacking. We conclude that the ecological dynamics perspective offers a promising approach to further our understanding of skilled performance in combat sports, as well as to assist coaches and athletes to promote optimal training and learning.
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Firdaus, Muhammad, and Rudi Hartono. "PUSAT OLAHRAGA UNTUK DIFABEL BANJARBARU." LANTING JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/lanting.v10i1.536.
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Sports Center for Diffable is a facility for people with special needs (diffable) in improving sports performance. Sports center for people with disabilities also represents an answer to the issues for people with special needs for their rights in livelihood and life including in terms of sport. The architectural problem raised in this report is how to design a Sports Center that can fulfill the building size and capacity of the National standard (Type A) for a competition, by paying attention to the accessibility of the building. The accessibility design is used as the main concept to solve the problem of the Sports Center for people with disabilities. Accessibility is the convenience provided for everyone to manifest an equal opportunity in every aspect of life especially the facilities that cover all activities related to sport for people with special needs.
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Szabo, Ashley J., Michael L. Alosco, Andrew Fedor, and John Gunstad. "Invalid Performance and the ImPACT in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Players." Journal of Athletic Training 48, no. 6 (December 1, 2013): 851–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-48.6.20.
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Context: Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) is a computerized cognitive test battery commonly used for concussion evaluation. An important aspect of these procedures is baseline testing, but researchers have suggested that many users do not use validity indices to ensure adequate effort during testing. No one has examined the prevalence of invalid performance for college football players. Objective: To examine the prevalence of invalid scores on ImPACT testing. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I university. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 159 athletes (age = 20.3 ± 1.41 years; range = 17.8–23.7 years) from a Division I collegiate football team participated. Intervention(s): An informational intervention regarding the importance of concussion testing to promote safety was administered before testing for the most recent season. Main Outcome Measure(s): We examined preseason ImPACT testing data across a 3-year period (total assessments = 269). Based on invalid and sandbagging indices denoted by the ImPACT manual, protocols were examined to indicate how many invalid indices each athlete had. Results: A total of 27.9% (n = 75) of assessments were suggestive of invalid scores, with 4.1% (n = 11) suggesting invalid responding only, 17.5% (n = 47) indicating “sandbagging” only, and 6.3% (n = 17) showing both invalid and sandbagging responding. The informational intervention did not reduce the prevalence of invalid responding. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for further information about the ImPACT validity indices and whether they truly reflect poor effort. Future work is needed to identify practices to reliably target and reduce invalid responding.
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Evangelou, Simos, David J. N. Limebeer, Robin S. Sharp, and Malcolm C. Smith. "Mechanical Steering Compensators for High-Performance Motorcycles." Journal of Applied Mechanics 74, no. 2 (March 1, 2006): 332–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2198547.
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This paper introduces the idea of using mechanical steering compensators to improve the dynamic behavior of high-performance motorcycles. These compensators are seen as possible replacements for a conventional steering damper and comprise networks of springs, dampers, and a less familiar component called the inerter. The inerter was recently introduced to allow the synthesis of arbitrary passive mechanical impedances, and finds a potential application in the present work. The design and synthesis of these compensation systems make use of the analogy between passive electrical and mechanical networks. This analogy is reviewed alongside the links between passivity, positive reality, and network synthesis. Compensator design methods that are based on classical Bode-Nyquist frequency-response ideas are presented. Initial designs are subsequently optimized using a sequential quadratic programing algorithm. This optimization process ensures improved performance over the machine’s entire operating regime. The investigation is developed from an analysis of specific mechanical networks to the class of all biquadratic positive real functions. This aspect of the research is directed to answering the question: “What is the best possible system performance achievable using any simple passive mechanical network compensator?” The study makes use of computer simulations, which exploit a state-of-the-art motorcycle model whose parameter set is based on a Suzuki GSX-R1000 sports machine. The results show that, compared to a conventional steering damper, it is possible to obtain significant improvements in the dynamic properties of the primary oscillatory modes, known as “wobble” and “weave.”
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Strand, Liv Inger, Rolf Moe-Nilssen, and Anne Elisabeth Ljunggren. "Back Performance Scale for the Assessment of Mobility-Related Activities in People With Back Pain." Physical Therapy 82, no. 12 (December 1, 2002): 1213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/82.12.1213.
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Abstract Background and Purpose. Activities that require mobility of the trunk are often limited in patients with back problems. For this study, 5 tests (Sock Test, Pick-up Test, Roll-up Test, Fingertip-to-Floor Test, and Lift Test), all requiring sagittal-plane mobility, were performed, and the test scores were combined by the authors in a scale called the Back Performance Scale (BPS) to obtain a performance measure of mobility-related activities. Subjects. The participants were 288 patients with long-lasting musculoskeletal pain. Methods. The basis for constructing a sum scale (BPS), discriminative ability, and responsiveness to important change of the BPS were examined in patients with back pain. Results. Bivariate correlations (rs) of scores among tests ranged from .27 to .50, and correlations between separate tests and the BPS ranged from .63 to .73. The Cronbach alpha was .73. The BPS sum scores discriminated between patients with different return to work status and were higher for back pain than for other musculoskeletal pain. Responsiveness was high (effect size=1.33) in patients who had changed and low (effect size=0.31) in patients who had not changed, using return to work as an external indicator of important change. The BPS was more responsive than the separate tests. Discussion and Conclusion. The BPS appears to measure an aspect of physical performance that is of clinical importance to patients with back pain.
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Dobre, Andreea Georgiana, Claudiu Mereuță, and Florin Eduard Grigore. "The Importance of technical analysis for improving performance in athletics in long distance running." Annals of "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati Fascicle XV Physical Education and Sport Management 2 (November 26, 2019): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/efms.2019.2.04.
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It is well known that the level at which the performances in the sports competitions have come lately is also due to the improvement of the specific techniques by: studying the most intimate / hidden aspects of the running technique that provide insight into the level of influence of the muscle chains involved in each phase of the movement; knowledge of the biomechanical details that can improve the technique of the general run and the departures from the start. It is assumed that participation in high-performance competitions is possible by restructuring the training efforts during the annual training cycle, using increased proportionate efforts in the mixed and anaerobic area as well as the approach as a separate indicator of the compensatory effort, and in this restructuring an essential role could be played by the technical aspect of long runs. When we discuss the technique of athletics, we must consider two aspects which, depending on how well they are improved, influence the final result. This is the sample technique and the treadmill technique.
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Parry, Gemma N., Lee C. Herrington, and Ian G. Horsley. "The Test–Retest Reliability of Force Plate–Derived Parameters of the Countermovement Push-Up as a Power Assessment Tool." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 29, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 381–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0419.
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Context: Muscular power output of the upper limb is a key aspect of athletic and sporting performance. Maximal power describes the ability to immediately produce power with maximal velocity at the point of release, impact, or takeoff, with research highlighting that the greater an athlete’s ability to produce maximal power, the greater the improvement in athletic performance. Despite the importance of upper-limb power for athletic performance, there is presently no gold-standard test for upper-limb force development performance. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the test–retest reliability of force plate–derived measures of the countermovement push-up in active males. Design: Test–retest design. Setting: Controlled laboratory. Participants: Physically active college athletes (age 24 [3] y, height 1.79 [0.08] m, body mass 81.7 [9.9] kg). Intervention: Subjects performed 3 repetitions of maximal effort countermovement push-up trials on Kistler force plates on 2 separate test occasions 7 days apart. Main Outcome Measures: Peak force, mean force, flight time, rate of force development, and impulse were analyzed from the force–time curve. Results: No significant differences between the 2 trial occasions were observed for any of the derived performance measures. Intraclass correlation coefficient and within-subject coefficient of variation calculations indicated performance measures to have moderate to very high reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .88–.98), coefficient of variation = 5.5%–14.1%). Smallest detectable difference for peak force (7.5%), mean force (8.6%), and rate of force development (11.2%) were small to moderate. Conclusion: Force platform–derived kinetic parameters of countermovement push-up are reliable measurements of power in college-level athletes.
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Lake, David A. "Student Performance and Perceptions of a Lecture-based Course Compared With the Same Course Utilizing Group Discussion." Physical Therapy 81, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 896–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/81.3.896.
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Abstract Background and Purpose. Self-directed learning is believed to be an important aspect of the reflective clinical practitioner. This study was a comparison of student learning and student perceptions of course and instructor effectiveness, course difficulty, and amount learned between the active learning and lecture sections of a course. Subjects. Participants in this study were 170 physical therapist students in 3 sections of a physiology course in the first year of their professional program. Methods. Course grades and the results of teacher-course evaluations were compared between a lecture section and an active learning section. The students in the original active learning section were reassessed 1 year later to determine their perceptions of the course. The differences were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results. Course grades were higher in both active learning sections than in the lecture section. However, the students in both active learning sections perceived that they had learned less than students in the lecture section. Students' perceptions of course and instructor effectiveness were lower in the active learning sections than in the lecture section. There were no differences between the lecture and active learning sections on the students' perceptions of course difficulty. Conclusion and Discussion. Although they did better in the active learning environment, physical therapist students in a basic sciences course (physiology) in the first year of their professional program perceived that they had learned less in active learning courses. They also had lower perceptions of course and instructor quality.
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Pickering, Craig, Dylan Hicks, and John Kiely. "Why Are Masters Sprinters Slower Than Their Younger Counterparts? Physiological, Biomechanical, and Motor Control Related Implications for Training Program Design." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 29, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 708–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2020-0302.
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Elite sprint performances typically peak during an athlete’s 20s and decline thereafter with age. The mechanisms underpinning this sprint performance decline are often reported to be strength-based in nature with reductions in strength capacities driving increases in ground contact time and decreases in stride lengths and frequency. However, an as-of-yet underexplored aspect of Masters sprint performance is that of age-related degradation in neuromuscular infrastructure, which manifests as a decline in both strength and movement coordination. Here, the authors explore reductions in sprint performance in Masters athletes in a holistic fashion, blending discussion of strength and power changes with neuromuscular alterations along with mechanical and technical age-related alterations. In doing so, the authors provide recommendations to Masters sprinters—and the aging population, in general—as to how best to support sprint ability and general function with age, identifying nutritional interventions that support performance and function and suggesting useful programming strategies and injury-reduction techniques.
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Hvattum, Lars Magnus. "A comprehensive review of plus-minus ratings for evaluating individual players in team sports." International Journal of Computer Science in Sport 18, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijcss-2019-0001.
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AbstractThe increasing availability of data from sports events has led to many new directions of research, and sports analytics can play a role in making better decisions both within a club and at the level of an individual player. The ability to objectively evaluate individual players in team sports is one aspect that may enable better decision making, but such evaluations are not straightforward to obtain. One class of ratings for individual players in team sports, known as plus-minus ratings, attempt to distribute credit for the performance of a team onto the players of that team. Such ratings have a long history, going back at least to the 1950s, but in recent years research on advanced versions of plus-minus ratings has increased noticeably. This paper presents a comprehensive review of contributions to plus-minus ratings in later years, pointing out some key developments and showing the richness of the mathematical models developed. One conclusion is that the literature on plus-minus ratings is quite fragmented, but that awareness of past contributions to the field should allow researchers to focus on some of the many open research questions related to the evaluation of individual players in team sports.
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Dalton, Brian H., and David G. Behm. "Effects of noise and music on human and task performance: A systematic review." Occupational Ergonomics 7, no. 3 (January 11, 2008): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2007-7301.
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The purpose of the present paper was to review the literature to develop an understanding of the effects of noise and music on human performance. The second purpose was to study the effects of music on a commonly performed task that is frequently accompanied by background music: driving. Background noise not only affects public health, but it also negatively affects human performance in such tasks as comprehension, attention, and vigilance. However, some studies have indicated that noise exposure may not affect simple vigilance. Despite music's distinct difference from noise it too affects human performance negatively and positively. The results are inconclusive on the effects of music and task performance. More specifically, the effects of music on driving performance are quite similar to that of noise on task performance. Music seems to alleviate driver stress and mild aggression while at times facilitating performance. However, during other conditions of music, driving performance is impaired. Different aspects of sound (i.e. volume, type, tempo) impact human performance differently. It is still unknown which aspect (music or noise) affects task performance to a greater degree.
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Merritt, V. C., L. S. Greenberg, J. E. Meyer, and P. A. Arnett. "Loss of Consciousness is Associated with Increased Neurocognitive Intra-Individual Variability Following Sports-Related Concussion." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 5 (July 2019): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz026.04.
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Abstract Purpose Traditional markers of concussion severity, including loss of consciousness (LOC), retrograde amnesia (RA), and post-traumatic amnesia (PTA), have been inconsistently associated with neurocognitive performance following sports-related concussion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether LOC, RA, and PTA influence a particular aspect of post-concussion cognitive functioning—across-test intra-individual variability (IIV). Methods Concussed athletes (N=119; 77.3% male) were evaluated, on average, 8.55 days post-concussion (SD=11.27; Mdn=4 days) via clinical interview and neuropsychological assessment. Primary outcomes of interest included two measures of IIV-an average standard deviation (ASD) score and a maximum discrepancy (MD) score-computed from 18 norm-referenced variables. Results A one-way ANCOVA adjusting for time since injury revealed a significant effect of LOC on the ASD (F(1, 116)=6.78, p=.010, ηp2=.055) and MD (F(1, 116)=5.65, p=.019, ηp2=.046) scores, such that athletes with LOC displayed significantly greater IIV than athletes without LOC. In contrast, measures of IIV did not significantly differ between athletes who did and did not experience RA or PTA (all p>.05). Conclusion LOC, but not RA or PTA, was associated with greater variability, or inconsistencies, in cognitive performance following concussion. This suggests that LOC may be a relevant consideration when evaluating post-concussion cognitive dysfunction. IIV has recently been established as a sensitive measure of cognitive functioning in a variety of clinical samples and has been associated with underlying neurobiological integrity. Taken together, our results implicate LOC as a possible contributing factor of less efficient cognitive functioning following concussion and may help detect athletes at risk for poor clinical outcomes.
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Steiger, F., B. Wirth, E. D. de Bruin, and A. F. Mannion. "Is a positive clinical outcome after exercise therapy for chronic non-specific low back pain contingent upon a corresponding improvement in the targeted aspect(s) of performance? A systematic review." European Spine Journal 21, no. 4 (November 10, 2011): 575–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-011-2045-6.
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Kruzhkov, D. A., St A. Mikitas, and O. V. Shpyrnya. "MANAGEMENT OF THE VOLUNTEERS MOVEMENT IN THE SPORT UNIVERSITY FRAMEWORK: ORGANISATION AND PEDAGOGIC ASPECT." Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, no. 3 (October 7, 2018): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2018-3-120-127.
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In modern Russia, the volunteer movement is developing in fifteen different directions and there has been a steady increase in the number of citizens and organizations participating in voluntary activities, and the scope of programs and projects with their participation is expanding. The Volunteer Center of the Federal State Budget Educational Institution for Higher Education «Kuban State Physical Education, Sports and Tourism University » was one of the first resource centers for the development of volunteerism in the Krasnodar Territory and was opened in 2011 at the same time with 6 other volunteer training centers for the XXII Olympic Winter Games and the XI Paralympic Winter Games of 2014 in Sochi. The article is devoted to solving three main problems. First, the authors analyzed the role of the Volunteer Center of FSBEI HE KSPESTU in the development of volunteerism in the Krasnodar Territory in the period from 2011 to 2018 and established the participation of its representatives in more than 50 major events organized both independently and jointly with partner organizations. Secondly, the algorithm of interaction with volunteers during the organization and carrying out of the serviced events, giving an idea about 15 vectors of mutual relations with volunteers, is described. Thirdly, the authors propose a model pedagogical model for managing volunteer resources, including organizational, content, motivation and performance-evaluation blocks, which encourages the development of volunteers’ competence for self-organization and self-education.
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Houdijk, Han, Mariëlle W. van Ooijen, Jos J. Kraal, Henri O. Wiggerts, Wojtek Polomski, Thomas W. J. Janssen, and Melvyn Roerdink. "Assessing Gait Adaptability in People With a Unilateral Amputation on an Instrumented Treadmill With a Projected Visual Context." Physical Therapy 92, no. 11 (November 1, 2012): 1452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20110362.
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Background Gait adaptability, including the ability to avoid obstacles and to take visually guided steps, is essential for safe movement through a cluttered world. This aspect of walking ability is important for regaining independent mobility but is difficult to assess in clinical practice. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the validity of an instrumented treadmill with obstacles and stepping targets projected on the belt's surface for assessing prosthetic gait adaptability. Design This was an observational study. Methods A control group of people who were able bodied (n=12) and groups of people with transtibial (n=12) and transfemoral (n=12) amputations participated. Participants walked at a self-selected speed on an instrumented treadmill with projected visual obstacles and stepping targets. Gait adaptability was evaluated in terms of anticipatory and reactive obstacle avoidance performance (for obstacles presented 4 steps and 1 step ahead, respectively) and accuracy of stepping on regular and irregular patterns of stepping targets. In addition, several clinical tests were administered, including timed walking tests and reports of incidence of falls and fear of falling. Results Obstacle avoidance performance and stepping accuracy were significantly lower in the groups with amputations than in the control group. Anticipatory obstacle avoidance performance was moderately correlated with timed walking test scores. Reactive obstacle avoidance performance and stepping accuracy performance were not related to timed walking tests. Gait adaptability scores did not differ in groups stratified by incidence of falls or fear of falling. Limitations Because gait adaptability was affected by walking speed, differences in self-selected walking speed may have diminished differences in gait adaptability between groups. Conclusions Gait adaptability can be validly assessed by use of an instrumented treadmill with a projected visual context. When walking speed is taken into account, this assessment provides unique, quantitative information about walking ability in people with a lower-limb amputation.
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Morin, Jean-Benoît, and Pierre Samozino. "Interpreting Power-Force-Velocity Profiles for Individualized and Specific Training." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 11, no. 2 (March 2016): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0638.
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Recent studies have brought new insights into the evaluation of power-force-velocity profiles in both ballistic push-offs (eg, jumps) and sprint movements. These are major physical components of performance in many sports, and the methods the authors developed and validated are based on data that are now rather simple to obtain in field conditions (eg, body mass, jump height, sprint times, or velocity). The promising aspect of these approaches is that they allow for more individualized and accurate evaluation, monitoring, and training practices, the success of which is highly dependent on the correct collection, generation, and interpretation of athletes’ mechanical outputs. The authors therefore wanted to provide a practical vade mecum to sports practitioners interested in implementing these power-force-velocity–profiling approaches. After providing a summary of theoretical and practical definitions for the main variables, the authors first detail how vertical profiling can be used to manage ballistic push-off performance, with emphasis on the concept of optimal force–velocity profile and the associated force–velocity imbalance. Furthermore, they discuss these same concepts with regard to horizontal profiling in the management of sprinting performance. These sections are illustrated by typical examples from the authors’ practice. Finally, they provide a practical and operational synthesis and outline future challenges that will help further develop these approaches.
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Padli, Padli, Madri M, Zumroni Zumroni, and Yulifri Yulifri. "Training Of Basic Techniques For Sepakraw Playing For Teachers Of Penjasorkes Basic School Of Padang Utara Sub-District." Jurnal Humanities Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 1 (December 6, 2019): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jha.v1i1.8.
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Sports is one aspect of development that is gaining national attention in Indonesia, especially in efforts to improve nurseries, coaching, and achievement sports. Nurseries, coaching and improving the performance of sports not only in certain branches but also includes all sports activities in the community including Sepaktakraw sports. The sport of Sepaktakraw is very interesting, and it needs to be taken seriously because the game of Sepaktakraw is a very useful game and has developed a lot in Indonesia, especially in West Sumatra. This sport is popular because Sepaktakraw is full of beautiful acrobatic movements and is beneficial for bodily health. Nurseries, coaching activities towards achieving maximum achievement for this need to be held various preparations, especially the problem of coaches, athletes, organizations, infrastructure, and training programs, in order to improve the achievement to a higher level. In an effort to improve the quality of motion and improve the achievements of athletes in the game Sepak takraw, the technique is very closely related to the ability of movement, physical condition, tactics, and mental. One of the most basic places for coaching is in schools and through Physical Education learning. In connection with this, it is necessary to have training in basic techniques of sepaktakraw games for Penjasorkes teachers in Primary Schools in Padang Utara District, Padang City so that teachers can begin to do sepaktakraw training for students since elementary school.
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Kim, Shin Won, Kyunghun Lee, Joo Seong Sohn, and Sung Woon Cha. "Product Development Using Online Customer Reviews: A Case Study of the South Korean Subcompact Sport Utility Vehicles Market." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (October 2, 2020): 6918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196918.
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This study focuses on improving multifunctional product development. Instead of face-to-face or other survey methods, we used text mining of online reviews to confirm which characteristics consumers prefer. The reference probability (importance), and the difference between positive and negative opinions (satisfaction) were indexed. By linking “importance” and “satisfaction” with a product’s quantitative performance, the correlation between satisfaction and quantitative performance was confirmed, and the method of setting a product’s design requirements was presented. To verify the validity of the method, we used the subcompact SUV (Sports Utility Vehicle) market in South Korea as a case study. The average importance and satisfaction with each performance aspect of the cars in the market was extracted, and the successful entry of new products in the market, which reflects these market characteristics, was confirmed. The proposed methodology is meaningful in that it reduces the risk (biased, inefficient) of existing consumer survey methods by utilizing big data to identify consumer preferences. Companies can use these findings during the product development process to improve customer satisfaction. This study improves product development methods by combining them with the latest advances in big data-related technologies.
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Courel-Ibáñez, Javier, Allistair P. McRobert, Enrique Ortega Toro, and David Cárdenas Vélez. "Inside game effectiveness in NBA basketball." Kinesiology 50, no. 2 (2018): 218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26582/k.50.2.5.
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The inside game constitutes an essential aspect of modern basketball, particularly in the National Basketball Association (NBA), in where the best players of the world compete. The purpose of this study was to identify players’ dynamics that increase game performance when using inside pass in the NBA, considering game contextual effects. The sample included 808 inside passes from 25 randomly selected matches of the 2011 NBA Playoffs series. A series of logistic regression analyses were used to analyse passers and receivers’ actions and their effectiveness during inside passes, both isolated and combined. Main results revealed that the interactions combining passer’s previous actions (dribbling or faking) with receiver’s cuts towards the basket achieved the highest offensive effectiveness. Performing screens in favour to the receiver was an effective alternative to increase inside passing options since it reduces the defensive pressure. Furthermore, player’s actions previously passing the ball were further successful if combined and synchronized with the receivers’ displacements, especially when cutting to the basket. This information allows a better understanding of basketball collective strategies, contributing in the design of precise practice tasks and so improving the training process.
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Heaney, Dermot. "“Steve, you must feel pig sick!”: Streamed Video Interactions between Premier League Managers and Sports Journalists as Semi-scripted Performances." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 24, no. 47 (October 30, 2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v24i47.97569.
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The starting point of this paper is the phenomenon of so-called MediaSport, namely the pervasive and multi-faceted mediation of sports events that extends the reach and hold of the sports industry on communities of sports consumers. The specific aspect of MediaSport considered here is the streamed post-match interview with Premier League team managers, a stabilized media interaction that reflects the importance of media duties as part of the manager’s corporate brief. Critical attention to managers seems mainly confined to sociological studies of the politics of celebrity, while linguists seemingly have little to say about this kind of discourse. The data selected for analysis are two interviews following defeat. The choice falls on this scenario because it is expected it will entail a greater onus on managers to display media interaction expertise. Using a theoretical framework that draws on Goffman’s concepts of performance, participation framework, and face, the discourse analysis in this paper attempts to provide an account of the linguistic resources managers draw on in these mediated interactions. The analysis of turn-taking, topic control, deixis and modality reveals similarities in the sample interviews that suggest these encounters are actually semi-scripted collaborative performances that allow both interactants to preserve their face as competent professionals, while also affording the manager ample opportunity to interact with the major imagined recipient, namely, the online fan base.
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Schlegel, Petr, Adrián Agricola, and Dana Fialová. "Deep Squat – Should We Be Afraid?" Studia sportiva 15, no. 1 (June 9, 2021): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2021-1-3.
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PURPOSE Squats are among the basic exercises that have become an integral part of exercise programs. It is commonly used by athletes in many sports. Its potential is shown in the development of strength, power, and overall sports performance. The aim of the study was to verify inconsistent views on deep squats, technical design, and related health risks. METHODS For the purposes of the review, the terms "squat, knee, biomechanics, deep, patellofemoral, back squat, performance, arthritis, health, injury, risk" were used. RESULTS It turns out that the technique of performing a deep squat has its strict principles, which must be respected and which have a significant impact on the benefits and risks. From loading, the lower position represents an increase in compressive and shear forces on the patellofemoral joint, however, this is a natural state that is not risky. Health hazards cannot be based on analytical-mathematical models, which are insufficient in this aspect. Extreme long-term exposure carries the risk of permanent consequences in the form of osteoarthritis. For prophylaxis or convalescence, it is possible to use effective aids like sleeves, kinesio taping, bandage or "knee savers". CONCLUSIONS With optimal technique and sensible exercise selection, there is no greater risk in healthy individuals without degenerative anatomical changes. In order to assess the effects of the squat forces on the ankle, knee, hip, spine, it is necessary to consider the technique and also individual anatomical differences.
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Cisewski, Jodi A., Laura L. Durbin, Elizabeth G. Bond, Min Qian, Jack M. Guralnik, Judith Kasper, and Thelma J. Mielenz. "Reduced Lower Extremity Functioning Is Associated With an Increased Rate of Being a Nondriver: The National Health and Aging Trends Study." Physical Therapy 99, no. 7 (March 5, 2019): 862–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzz037.
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Abstract Background Driving a motor vehicle is an important aspect of mobility for older adults. Limited lower extremity functioning performance, as measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), has been associated with various negative health outcomes, but little is known about the association of SPPB scores with driving status. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether lower (poorer) SPPB scores are associated with an increased rate for being a current nondriver among a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling older adults. Design The National Health and Aging Trends Study is a longitudinal cohort study. Methods A population of 5935 participants, surveyed annually from 2011 to 2014 for the National Health and Aging Trends Study, was used to examine the relationship between SPPB and driving status. Using weighted data, multivariable Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations was used to calculate the rate ratios, adjusting for covariates and clustering due to the complex survey design. Results Participants with a low (poor) SPPB score (0–5) had a rate for being a current nondriver 2.01 times the rate (or 101% increase) of those with a high (good) SPPB score (10–12) (adjusted 95% confidence interval = 1.78–2.26). Limitations Current nondrivers were not asked whether they planned to resume driving if they had not driven in the previous year. Conclusions Unlike other factors, such as cognitive decline, lower SPPB scores (poorer lower extremity functioning) are significantly associated with an increased rate of being a current nondriver and are a modifiable risk factor. Further research is needed to examine whether optimum exercises and other physical therapist interventions focused on improving lower extremity strength and balance ultimately improve driving outcomes.
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Prosen, Jerneja, Nic James, Lygeri Dimitriou, Janez Perš, and Goran Vučković. "A Time-Motion Analysis of Turns Performed by Highly Ranked Viennese Waltz Dancers." Journal of Human Kinetics 37, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0025.
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Twenty-four dance couples performing at the 2011 IDSF (International DanceSport Federation) International Slovenia Open were divided into two groups: the first twelve placed couples (top ranked) and the last twelve placed couples (lower ranked). Video recordings were processed automatically using computer vision tracking algorithms under operator supervision to calculate movement parameters. Time and speed of movement were analysed during single natural (right) and reverse (left) turns performed during the Viennese waltz. Both top and lower ranked dancers tended to perform similar proportionate frequencies of reverse (≈ 35%) and natural (≈ 65%) turns. Analysis of reverse turns showed that the top ranked dancers performed less turns on a curved trajectory (16%) than the lower ranked dancers (33%). The top ranked couples performed all turns at similar speeds (F = 1.31, df = 3, p = 0.27; mean = 2.09m/s) all of which were significantly quicker than the lower ranked couples (mean = 1.94m/s), the greatest differences found for reverse turns (12.43% faster for curved trajectories, 8.42% for straight trajectories). This suggests that the ability to maintain a high speed in the more difficult turns, particularly the reverse turns on a curved trajectory, results in the overall dance appearing more fluent as the speed of movement does not fluctuate as much. This aspect of performance needs to be improved by lower ranked dancers if they wish to improve rating of their performance. Future research should determine which factors relate to the speed of turns.
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Hoffman, Martin D. "State of the Science on Ultramarathon Running After a Half Century: A Systematic Analysis and Commentary." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 7 (August 1, 2020): 1052–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0151.
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Purpose: To systematically examine scientific publishing related to ultramarathon running. Methods: PubMed-indexed publications through 2019 were identified in which the work involved data collection at or in association with an ultramarathon running event, included experimental running trials of ultramarathon duration using human subjects, focused on human ultramarathon runners as the study participants, or were directed at discussing some aspect of ultramarathon running or ultramarathon runners. The characteristics of each publication were tabulated. Results: A total of 616 indexed publications were identified, with the first being in 1970. A rapid increase in publications was seen by 2010 in association with increased participation in ultramarathon running, followed by a plateauing at around 49 annual publications from 2014 to 2018. Most (83.3%) publications were observational, and the mean annual number of 1.6 experimental studies did not change (P = .20) from 1999 to 2019. Most of the publications were related to physiological issues, and race performance was the largest topic area (21.8%). The largest percentage of publications came from authors from the United States, followed by authors from Switzerland. Conclusions: Research related to ultramarathon running has had a small presence in sport science and offers potential for further development. At present, publishing appears to be stable and without recent increased emphasis on experimental studies. Worthwhile research opportunities remain, particularly those where ultramarathons serve as a model for stress and could offer relevance to a wider population than ultramarathon runners, but such research appears challenged by relatively small participation in the activity and limited funding opportunities.
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Rankovic, Goran, and Dragan Radovanovic. "Physiological aspects of altitude training and the use of altitude simulators." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 133, no. 5-6 (2005): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0506307r.
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Altitude training in various forms is widely practiced by athletes and coaches in an attempt to improve sea level endurance. Training at high altitude may improve performance at sea level through altitude acclimatization, which improves oxygen transport and/or utilization, or through hypoxia, which intensifies the training stimulus. This basic physiological aspect allows three training modalities: live high and train high (classic high-altitude training), live low and train high (training through hypoxia), and live high and train low (the new trend). In an effort to reduce the financial and logistical challenges of traveling to high-altitude training sites, scientists and manufactures have developed artificial high-altitude environments, which simulate the hypoxic conditions of moderate altitude (2000-3000 meters). Endurance athletes from many sports have recently started using nitrogen environments, or hypoxic rooms and tents as part of their altitude training programmes. The results of controlled studies on these modalities of high-altitude training, their practical approach, and ethics are summarized.
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Englert, Chris, Kris Zwemmer, Alex Bertrams, and Raôul R. D. Oudejans. "Ego Depletion and Attention Regulation Under Pressure: Is a Temporary Loss of Self-Control Strength Indeed Related to Impaired Attention Regulation?" Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 37, no. 2 (April 2015): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2014-0219.
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In the current study we investigated whether ego depletion negatively affects attention regulation under pressure in sports by assessing participants’ dart throwing performance and accompanying gaze behavior. According to the strength model of self-control, the most important aspect of self-control is attention regulation. Because higher levels of state anxiety are associated with impaired attention regulation, we chose a mixed design with ego depletion (yes vs. no) as between-subjects and anxiety level (high vs. low) as within-subjects factor. Participants performed a perceptual-motor task requiring selective attention, namely, dart throwing. In line with our expectations, depleted participants in the high-anxiety condition performed worse and displayed a shorter final fixation on bull’s eye, demonstrating that when one’s self-control strength is depleted, attention regulation under pressure cannot be maintained. This is the first study that directly supports the general assumption that ego depletion is a major factor in influencing attention regulation under pressure.
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Zaytseva, Tatiana N., Viktor A. Nizhelskoy, Marina Yu Gerasimenko, and Manami Saito. "Expressive movement: an interdisciplinary view." Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation 19, no. 6 (December 15, 2020): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/1681-3456-2020-19-6-8.
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The purpose of the rewiev is to familiarize the teaching community from the world of dance and theater, artistic sports, coaches, leading master classes, etc. with modern medical and physiological approaches to the study of the expressiveness of human body movements. The use of such knowledge in educational practice can contribute to achieving maximum results in professional activity, increasing the effectiveness of training, and reducing injuries in classes related to physical activity. Association of a wide range of specialists interested in the development of the technicality and virtuosity of the performance of movements, which form the basis of professional skill, discussion of topical issues of the use of modern technologies and their implementation in practice will allow specialists to form a comprehensive understanding of modern trends in the study of expressive movement in the aspect physiology and medicine, as well as at a qualitatively new level to develop general approaches to the translation of the knowledge gained.
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Starling, L. "Teams with lower injury rates have greater success in the Currie Cup rugby union competition." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 31, no. 1 (July 29, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2019/v31i1a6401.
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Background: Professional football teams that rank high on the log at the end of the season generally have fewer injuries than teams that rank lower on the log. This highlights the importance of implementing injury prevention measures, not only to protect player welfare and ensure their longevity in the sport, but also to improve the performance of the team. The association between a low incidence of injury and superior performance during a season may be even more relevant in sports with a higher incidence of injury than football, such as rugby union.
Discussion: To examine this association in the South African Currie Cup rugby union competition, time-loss (≥ 1 day training/match play missed) injury data and final position in the competition was examined over five-seasons. Teams who ranked in 1st position had significantly lower average injury rates than teams who ranked in last position [48 injuries per 1 000 player hours (95% C.I 20 to 76) vs 130 injuries per 1 000 player hours (95% C.I 79 to 180)]. More specifically, the team with the lowest injury rate in each season ranked in 1st or 2nd position. This team performance aspect of injury prevention should be highlighted more. In particular, this should be used to assist with communicating the importance of injury prevention programmes to stakeholders directly involved with budgetary allocations in the team.
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Nováková, Iveta. "Principles of Police Activities Involving Foreign Violators." Internal Security 13, no. 1 (September 27, 2021): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2903.
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Fundamental human rights and liberties are the highest values in society and, therefore, must be fully protected. The state has developed a protective mechanism that comprises the Police Force with its primary function — to serve and protect the rights and liberties of citizens in the Slovak Republic. If human rights and liberties are restricted or violated, the police take control over unlawful acts by the performance of police activities. Such control is based on the legal norms which determine the powers of the state authorities. On the other side, a set of legal principles stipulate the performance of police activities and have a considerable influence on the service activities exercised by members of the Police Force and their legal status. Proper understanding of these principles has a positive impact on the quality of respecting human rights and liberties by police officers, an aspect of which is that foreign nationals should be given special consideration, especially due to language differences. The paper, which is a part of the national research project, analyses the legislative framework of the police performance with a particular focus on foreigners who are frequent violators at public sports and cultural events. The main problem is the knowledge and use of the common language by police officers and foreign violators as many times violent acts are, at the first stage, solved using proper spoken orders (communication).
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Leśniak, K. "The incidence of, and relationship between, distal limb and facial asymmetry, and performance in the event horse." Comparative Exercise Physiology 16, no. 1 (February 5, 2020): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep190047.
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Identification of influential conformational traits is an important aspect in choosing the most appropriate horse for a specific discipline with regards to both performance potential and career longevity. Symmetry of bilateral traits, both functional and non-functional, demonstrates the ability of an individual to display their genotypic quality through their phenotype. External trait symmetry has been linked to effective functioning and health of a number of internal organ systems. The identification of a relationship between bilateral trait symmetry and performance in the equine athlete could highlight important conformational indicators of potential future performance. Using Invicta metric callipers and a tape measure, direct measurements of 15 bilateral traits, functional (limb) and non-functional (facial), were obtained from 18 advanced event horses (AdE) and 15 event horses proven incapable of reaching advanced level (NIE). Tests of difference were performed to determine differences in asymmetry between the two populations for individual traits and for identification of the mean total asymmetry (MTA) of the two populations. The AdE group demonstrated statistically lower asymmetry for a number of functional (metacarpal length and width, P≤0.05; fore proximal phalanx length, P≤0.05) and non-functional (nostril length, P≤0.001; pinna length, P≤0.05) traits. Furthermore, the AdE group demonstrated significantly lower MTA (P≤0.001) than the NIE. Where significance was not identified, all but one functional trait still demonstrated a trend for lower asymmetry in the AdE group. From the results, it is suggested that asymmetry levels have future potential to be used as an indicator of performance potential. The size of the mean asymmetry values being considered, further imply that the differences between the performance of the two groups cannot be as a result of limb biomechanics alone and that other more intricate biological disruptions, for example neurological development, may also be reflected by the trait asymmetries.
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Demenius, Julius, and Rasa Kreivytė. "THE BENEFITS OF ADVANCED DATA ANALYTICS IN BASKETBALL: APPROACH OF MANAGERS AND COACHES OF LITHUANIAN BASKETBALL LEAGUE TEAMS." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 1, no. 104 (2017): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v1i104.11.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Many industries use a variety of statistical models for a decision-making, but no industry relies on analytical data as a professional sport (Davenport, 2014). Sports organization management and decision-making have a direct relationship with the sports teams and this relationship is called a comprehensive statistical analysis (Radovanović, Radojičić, Jeremić & Savić, 2013). Alamar (2013) argues that a detailed statistical analysis of the game activities is an important aspect in order to more accurately assess the player’s market value. Methods. The sample consisted of 30 respondents (10 managers, 10 coaches, 10 coach assistants) of the 10 men’s basketball teams. Managers and coaches of Lithuanian Basketball League teams had to fill in online questionnaire, the main focus of which was to identify their opinion about advanced data analytics. The questionnaire was designed based on scientific studies (Alamar, 2013; Martinez & Martinez, 2011). Questionnaire scales were tested using SPSS 20.0 statistical analysis program. Results. Statistical analysis showed that questionnaire reliability was average (Cronbach α = .549–.558). The survey results showed that the teams of Lithuanian Basketball League there employ professionals whose main goal is to analyse performance indicators, statistical data of opponents and new incoming players. Majority of managers and coaches believe that new information technologies of advanced basketball data could help improve team performance results and draw more attention to basketball from fans’ perspective. It was found that managers and coaches thought that offensive strategy depends on the players of the team. Coaches and managers had a positive approach to basketball analytics and believed that it had a bright future in basketball industry. Conclusions. The correct use of limitless data would definitely help improve team performance and effectively use their financial resources recruiting the most efficient players.
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González Hernández, Juan, and Alberto Portolés Ariño. "Recomendaciones de actividad física y su relación con el rendimiento académico en adolescentes de la Región de Murcia (Physical activity recommendations and its their relation with academic performance in adolescents from the Region of Murcia)." Retos, no. 29 (December 18, 2015): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i29.39936.
Full textAbstract:
Resumen. Existe un gran interés por los beneficios psicológicos que reporta en las personas el realizar actividad física. Dicha actividad promueve mejoras en ciertos procesos cognitivos durante la adolescencia, sin embargo esta relación positiva no puede ser trasladada con la misma certeza a la relación entre el rendimiento académico y la actividad física. Identificar y acotar la existencia de relaciones entre el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de práctica de actividad física y el rendimiento académico es el objetivo principal del presente estudio. Una muestra de 680 sujetos de la Región de Murcia con una edad media 14.55 años, cumplimentaron los ítems centrados en la actividad física del estudio internacional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children para abordar las variables objeto de estudio. Igualmente se registraron las calificaciones escolares de 4 trimestres consecutivos mediante un cuestionario de creación propia. Se encuentran resultados que acotan la existencia de relaciones entre la práctica de actividad física y el rendimiento académico. Realizar un mínimo de 30 minutos de actividad física diaria se relaciona directamente con mejores calificaciones escolares, en contraposición de la no práctica. Sin embargo, realizar un mínimo de 60 minutos diarios no señala la misma tendencia. El cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de práctica de actividad física y la duración de éstas se contemplar como un factor relacionado con el rendimiento académico de los adolescentes, siendo de este modo un aspecto importante a considerar en programas dirigidos a la intervención en el ámbito de la psicología y la salud.Abstract. There is a great interest in the psychological benefit generated by participation in physical activity. This activity fosters the improvement of some cognitive processes during adolescence, nevertheless there is not the same degree of certainty regarding the relation between physical activity and academic performance. The current study attempts to identify and delimit the association between compliance with physical activity recommendations and academic performance. A sample of 680 individuals from the region of Murcia, with an average age of 14.55 years , completed the items related to physical activity in the international study Health Behaviour in School-aged Children, in order to address the variables of interest. We recorded also student grades during four consecutive semesters using a questionnaire that we created for this purpose. We found an association between physical activity and academic performance. Engaging in 30 minutes of physical activity daily is closely related to better school grades, contrary to non-practice. However, the same tendency is not observed for 60 minutes of physical activity daily . Complying with physical activity recommendations, and to what extent, is considered a factor related to the teenagers’ academic performance. As a result, it is an important aspect that we should consider for inclusion in health and psychology intervention programs.