Relevant bibliographies by topics / Periapical Index

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Academic literature on the topic 'Periapical Index'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Periapical Index"

1

Sushma, Yadav, Garg Shalini, Joshi Sakshi, Gupta Anil, Srivastava Ankit, and Dogra Shikha. "Topographic Distribution of Carious Lesion on Young Permanent Mandibular Molars and Its Relation to Periapical Index Score of Apical Periodontitis: A Radiographic Analysis." International Healthcare Research Journal 4, no. 11 (2021): OR14—OR18. https://doi.org/10.26440/IHRJ/0411.02385.

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<strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong>&nbsp;Caries in young permanent teeth progress rapidly resulting in early pulp involvement which further progresses into loss of mineralized tissue and severe periapical pathologies. The Periapical Index scoring system (PAI) proposed by &Oslash;rstavik et al. in 1986 is an invaluable diagnostic tool used to evaluate periapical lesion extent and severity by 2D digital intraoral periapical radiographic analysis with minimal radiation exposure and hence treatment planning. <strong>AIM:</strong>&nbsp;To evaluate the relationship of the surface distribution of caries in young permanent molars, pulpal involvement and periapical index (PAI) score with respect to individual root forming young permanent mandibular molars. <strong>MATERIALS AND METHOD:</strong>&nbsp;In this retrospective single-centre study, 100 pulpally involved carious young permanent mandibular molars were included, selected from the departmental records between August 2018-2019. Topographic distribution of caries and radiographic analysis (using PAI) was evaluated to see the effect of anatomical site of caries, individual anatomical form of root, and extent &amp; severity of apical periodontitis developed. <strong>RESULT:</strong>&nbsp;No significant correlation between the site of caries involvement and PAI score was observed. PAI score for distal roots was higher(PAI&gt; 2) as compared to mesial root for pulpally involved carious young permanent first molars (p-value mesial root-0.576 , distal root-0.591) <strong>CONCLUSION:</strong>&nbsp;PAI score is independent of the topographic distribution of caries and no correlation was observed. Periapical radiolucency does not depend on caries distribution, either it is mesial, distal or occlusal.
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2

Ridao-Sacie, C., J. J. Segura-Egea, A. Fernández-Palacín, P. Bullón-Fernández, and J. V. Ríos-Santos. "Radiological assessment of periapical status using the periapical index: comparison of periapical radiography and digital panoramic radiography." International Endodontic Journal 40, no. 6 (2007): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01233.x.

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Rajasekhar, Reshma, Kailash Attur, Kamal Kumar Bagda, Sooraj Soman, and Anjana Anroop. "Volumetric correlation of periapical lesion with Orstavik’s periapical index: A retrospective cone-beam computed tomographic study." Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics 27, no. 10 (2024): 1054–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_475_24.

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Abstract Aim: To assess the correlation among cone-beam computed tomographic periapical volume index (CBCTPAVI) and periapical lesion volume with Orstavik’s periapical index (PAI). Methodology: Seventy-six cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) and periapical radiographic images of single-rooted teeth presenting with apical periodontitis from 42 patients were obtained from a period of March 2023 to April 2024. Two observers evaluated the periapical radiographs and assigned PAI scores. CBCTPAVI was allocated based on the volume of the lesion, which was computed using ITK-SNAP software. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was employed to evaluate the association between CBCTPAVI and lesion volume with PAI. Results: A significant and moderate positive relationship between PAI and lesion volume (ρ = 0.553, P &lt; 0.001) as well as between PAI and CBCTPAVI (ρ = 0.506; P &lt; 0.001) was observed. Conclusion: The risk of under/overestimation of results on two-dimensional periapical radiographs exists, despite a favorable connection with volumetric assessment of CBCT images.
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Sahara, Elvi, Rahmi Alma Farah, and Myrna Nurlatifah Zakaria. "Calcium Hydroxide as Intracanal Medicament in Pulp Necrosis with Periapical Lesion : A Case Report." Key Engineering Materials 829 (December 2019): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.829.226.

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Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] has been widely used as an intracanal medicament especially in treatment of periapical lesion. This case report will discuss about calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicament in a periapical lesion of an upper left central incisor. This case describes about treatment of periapical lesion with suspect of infected cyst with symptoms and root resorption. Root canal preparation was done by crown down technique using protaper hands universal from S1/27mm until F5/27mm. Calcium hydroxide paste was continuously applicated every 2 weeks as intracanal medicament until the periapical index (PAI) of lesion decrease, in this case PAI decreased from scale 5 until scale 2 during three months recall. Calcium hydroxide supports tissue repair, stimulates fibroblast formation and damage the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, denature their proteins or damage the DNA by its alkaline property. As conclusion, the use of calcium hydroxide successfully decrease the periapical lesion index in the periapical radiograph examination and can be considered as a simple and effective medicament for endodontic infection.
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5

ÖRSTAVIK, DAG. "Reliability of the periapical index scoring system." European Journal of Oral Sciences 96, no. 2 (1988): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.1988.tb01415.x.

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6

Shafshak, Sanaa, Faiz Alsubaie, Faisal Alzamil, et al. "Use of the cone-beam computed tomography-endodontic radiolucency index for determination of lesion extension in periapical periodontitis." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 9 (2021): 4268. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213188.

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Background: Periapical periodontitis is caused by extension of necrotic pulp tissue into the periodontal ligament area. cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) facilitates better diagnosis for periapical periodontitis, especially in the absence of clinical symptoms. This study aims to use cone-beam computed tomography-endodontic radiolucency index (CBCT-ERI) to determine the extension of periapical periodontitis in post-graduate clinics of Riyadh Elm university (REU) and to record the extension of periapical periodontitis in the coronal direction along the root surface and evaluate the degree of cortical bone involvement associated with periapical radiolucency.Methods: CBCT images for patients treated at the endodontic clinics of REU were selected for this retrospective observational study. Images were examined after inter-examiner calibrations under the same magnification, slice thickness, and resolution and the measurements were analyzed statistically.Results: The first permanent molars were the most frequently affected by periapical periodontitis, followed by the second molars. The majority of lesions were graded with a score of 6 in length and width according to CBCT-ERI.Conclusions: The use of CBCT-ERI revealed extensive involvement of periodontal tissues around the apices of the roots of the examined teeth. Coronal extension of periapical periodontitis was observed along the root surface. The axial view accurately detected cortical bone involvement, including thinning of the cortical bone, which was the most common manifestation (11.76%). Apical radiolucency was observed most commonly in the first molars.
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Yasa, I. Putu Gede Andyka, Haris Nasutianto, and Tomohiro Okano. "Diagnostic accuracy of periapical radiolucency using periapical radiography and cone-beam computed tomography." Jurnal Radiologi Dentomaksilofasial Indonesia (JRDI) 7, no. 1 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32793/jrdi.v7i1.934.

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Objectives: This research is aimed to compare the accuracy of periapical radiography in detecting periapical radiolucency with that of Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and to assess the additional information that CBCT provides.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: 96 patients with a primary diagnosis of endodontic problem had been studied retrospectively. Each root was examined for the presence or absence of periapical lesions according to the Periapical Index (PAI) Score. Roots and root canals identified through perapical radiography and CBCT were recorded. Additional information from CBCT regarding effects of lesions in cortical bone and maxillary sinus was also noted. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were analyzed.&#x0D; Results: The result showed that accuracy of periapical radiography as expressed by its sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) was 0.65, 0.90, 0.86, 0.75, respectively.&#x0D; Conclusion: Periapical radiography has a low sensitivity in detecting periapical lesions compared to CBCT. CBCT also provides more detailed information that is useful in endodontic treatment.
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8

Kirkevang, L. L., D. Ørstavik, A. Wenzel, and M. Vaeth. "Prognostic value of the full-scale Periapical Index." International Endodontic Journal 48, no. 11 (2014): 1051–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/iej.12402.

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9

Yadav, Sushma, Shalini Garg, Sakshi Joshi, Anil Gupta, Ankit Srivastava, and Shikha Dogra. "Topographic Distribution of Carious Lesion on Young Permanent Mandibular Molars and Its Relation to Periapical Index Score of Apical Periodontitis: A Radiographic Analysis." International Healthcare Research Journal 4, no. 11 (2021): OR14—OR18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/0411.02385.

Full text
Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: Caries in young permanent teeth progress rapidly resulting in early pulp involvement which further progresses into loss of mineralized tissue and severe periapical pathologies. The Periapical Index scoring system (PAI) proposed by Ørstavik et al. in 1986 is an invaluable diagnostic tool used to evaluate periapical lesion extent and severity by 2D digital intraoral periapical radiographic analysis with minimal radiation exposure and hence treatment planning.AIM: To evaluate the relationship of the surface distribution of caries in young permanent molars, pulpal involvement and periapical index (PAI) score with respect to individual root forming young permanent mandibular molars. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this retrospective single-centre study, 100 pulpally involved carious young permanent mandibular molars were included, selected from the departmental records between August 2018-2019. Topographic distribution of caries and radiographic analysis (using PAI) was evaluated to see the effect of anatomical site of caries, individual anatomical form of root, and extent &amp; severity of apical periodontitis developed.RESULT: No significant correlation between the site of caries involvement and PAI score was observed. PAI score for distal roots was higher(PAI&gt; 2) as compared to mesial root for pulpally involved carious young permanent first molars (p-value mesial root-0.576 , distal root-0.591)CONCLUSION: PAI score is independent of the topographic distribution of caries and no correlation was observed. Periapical radiolucency does not depend on caries distribution, either it is mesial, distal or occlusal.
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10

Khetarpal, Ambica. "Radiological assessment of periapical healing using the cone beam computed tomography periapical index: case report." IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences 9, no. 5 (2013): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0853-0954651.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Periapical Index"

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Escoli, Cláudia da Silva. "Estudo comparativo de dentes com periodontite apical: radiografia periapical vs tomografia computadorizada de feixe cónico." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/37354.

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Book chapters on the topic "Periapical Index"

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Orsi, Caroline Garcia, Roberta de Oliveira Alves, Sophia Araújo Vaz, Isabella Santos Paula, Ana Paula de Lima Oliveira, and Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira Soares. "STEPS OF A PERIODONTAL CLINICAL EXAMINATION: FROM ANAMNESIS TO DIAGNOSIS." In Dentistry: A Knowledge Guide. Seven Editora, 2024. https://doi.org/10.56238/sevened2024.034-004.

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Introduction: The treatment of periodontal diseases can be a challenge that primarily requires a correct diagnosis. For this, basic parameters must be analyzed and basic steps followed. Objective: The objective of this literature review was to develop a booklet/guide on the important aspects to be evaluated during the periodontal clinical examination. Materials and methods: A search was performed in the Pubmed/Medline database using the keywords clinical examination, dentistry; importance of clinical examination, parameters, clinical periodontal examination, periodontitis, anamnesis, dentistry, diagnosis of periodontal disease. Twenty-six studies were included, including clinical studies, literature reviews, and book chapters that presented guidelines and guidelines on periodontal clinical diagnosis. Results: The studies showed that performing a detailed anamnesis followed by extraoral and intraoral clinical examinations and periodontal examinations is essential for an assertive diagnosis. During the periodontal examination, parameters such as probing depth, gingival margin, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, mobility, and furcation exposure should be evaluated. Marginal bleeding index and plaque index can inform the presence of gingival inflammation and quality of oral hygiene, respectively. Periapical radiographs can be requested as a complementary examination when appropriate. Conclusion: The need for a complete clinical periodontal and radiographic examination combined with information collected during the anamnesis are the pillars to define the presence or absence of periodontitis and its level of progression.
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Burwell R.G., Dangerfield P.H., Moulton A., and Anderson S.I. "Etiologic theories of idiopathic scoliosis: autonomic nervous system and the leptin-sympathetic nervous system concept for the pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2008. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-58603-888-5-197.

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The autonomic nervous system through its hypothalamic neuroendocrine control of puberty, skeletal growth and menarche contributes importantly to the pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Melatonin dysfunction detected in AIS subjects also involves the autonomic nervous system. The thoracospinal concept for the pathogenesis of right thoracic AIS in girls thought by some to result from dysfunction of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), is supported by recent vascular and peripheral nerve studies. Lower body mass index (BMI).in girls with AIS is associated with decreased circulating leptin levels. Leptin, secreted by adipocytes, is a master hormone with many regulatory functions for growth and reproduction, including: 1) appetite repression, anorexigenic; 2) initiation of puberty in girls in a permissive action, and 3) in mice, longitudinal bone growth, chondrogenic and angiogenic, and in bone formation, antiosteogenic acting centrally through the SNS and possibly directly. In AIS girls, autonomic nervous system activity was reported to be higher than in controls. We suggest that in AIS susceptible girls, given adequate nutrition and energy stores, circulating leptin talks to the hypothalamus where dysfunction leads to an altered sensitivity to leptin resulting in increased SNS activity contributing with neuroendocrine mechanisms to: 1) earlier age at, and increased peak height velocity, 2) general skeletal overgrowth, 3) earlier skeletal maturation, 4) extra-spinal skeletal length asymmetries, including periapical ribs and ilia, 5) generalized osteopenia, and 6) lower BMI. The SNS-driven effects may also add adventitious changes to the spine including asymmetries complicating the neuroendocrine effects on adolescent spinal growth. In AIS pathogenesis, the leptin-SNS concept is complementary to our NOTOM escalator concept involving the somatic nervous system. Together these two concepts view AIS in girls as being initiated by a hypothalamic dysfunction of energy metabolism (bioenergetics) affecting skeletal growth in the trunk. Where, in susceptible girls, the postural mechanisms of the somatic nervous system fail to control the asymmetric spinal and/or rib growth changes in a rapidly enlarging adolescent spine; this failure becomes evident as mild back-shape shape asymmetry, or scoliosis. The environmentally-enhanced stature of normal subjects in the last 300 years, in girls susceptible to AIS, may have exaggerated any developmental dysharmony between the autonomic and somatic nervous systems being fought out in the spine and trunk of the girl &amp;ndash; possibly making mild back-shape asymmetry, or scoliosis more prevalent today than hitherto.
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Conference papers on the topic "Periapical Index"

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Mamedzade, R. E. "Evaluation of the effectiveness of dental treatment with periapical destruction according to periapical index criteria." In General question of world science. "Science of Russia", 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gq-31-07-2019-31.

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