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Frederiksen, Marianne Stistrup, Virginia Schmied, and Charlotte Overgaard. "Living With Fear: Experiences of Danish Parents in Vulnerable Positions During Pregnancy and in the Postnatal Period." Qualitative Health Research 31, no. 3 (2021): 564–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732320978206.
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Targeted services are recommended to pregnant women/parents in vulnerable positions to support their well-being and improve health outcomes; however, being offered extra services is associated with feelings of fear and anxiety. Adopting an ethnographic approach, we explore what parents fear, how and why they experience fear, and how this shapes their childbearing experience and engagement with Danish maternity care services. We made field observations and conducted interviews with 39 parents in vulnerable positions, who shared multiple, ambiguous, and interrelated fears. Four main themes were constructed: fear of going back to a dark place, of having a negative impact on the baby, of being labeled, and of the consequences of service engagement and being open. We conclude that what parents fear, the intensity of these fears, and what potentially triggers it are contingent on their life story, their care pathways, and the maternity care system.
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Stark, Rudolf, Alfons Hamm, Anne Schienle, Bertram Walter, and Dieter Vaitl. "Effects of Fear Induction on Heart Period Variability." Journal of Psychophysiology 13, no. 1 (1999): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0269-8803.13.1.18.
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Abstract The present study investigated the influence of contextual fear in comparison to relaxation on heart period variability (HPV), and analyzed differences in HPV between low and high anxious, nonclinical subjects. Fifty-three women participated in the study. Each subject underwent four experimental conditions (control, fear, relaxation, and a combined fear-relaxation condition), lasting 10 min each. Fear was provoked by an unpredictable aversive human scream. Relaxation should be induced with the aid of verbal instructions. To control for respiratory effects on HPV, breathing was paced at 0.2 Hz using an indirect light source. Besides physiological measures (HPV measures, ECG, respiration, forearm EMG, blood pressure), emotional states (pleasure, arousal, dominance, state anxiety) were assessed by subjects' self-reports. Since relaxation instructions did not have any effect neither on the subjective nor on the physiological variables, the present paper focuses on the comparison of the control and the fear condition. The scream reliably induced changes in both physiological and self-report measures. During the fear condition, subjects reported more arousal and state anxiety as well as less pleasure and dominance. Heart period decreased, while EMG and diastolic blood pressure showed a tendency to increase. HPV remained largely unaltered with the exception of the LF component, which slightly decreased under fear induction. Replicating previous findings, trait anxiety was negatively associated with HPV, but there were no treatment-specific differences between subjects with low and high trait anxiety.
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Tiryaki, Öznur, Özlem Doğu, Koray Gök, and Mehmet Sühha Bostancı. "Fear of Birth: An Increasing Fear in Pregnancy During the COVID-19 Period." Cyprus Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 2 (2022): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/cjms.2021.2021-113.
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GONCHARENKO, Inna. "EVERYDAY FEARS OF THE ORTHODOX POPULATION ON UKRAINIAN LANDS AS A REFLECTION OF DAILY ROUTINE IN EARLY MODERN TIMES." Skhid, no. 2(3) (December 27, 2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2021.2(3).244792.
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The article highlights a little-studied problem of role of fears in the everyday life of Orthodox believers in the Ukrainian lands of the second half of the 16th – 17th centuries. It is noted that in the early modern period, the society suffered from an outbreak of violence, and this influenced the formation of the atmosphere of fear among the population. The types of fears from which the society suffered the most are analyzed on an example of most typical cases: fear of war and violence, illness, mutilation, premature death, fear of armed people, foreign invaders and representatives of other denominations. In addition to these objective fears, Orthodox society felt irrational ones, the greatest of which was to sin. To a large extent, everyday life of the Orthodox was characterized by fear of the Last Judgment and Hell, Evil Spirits. Fears inherent in a modern man, manifested in everyday life of an orthodox man of the 16th - 17th centuries much stronger due to much more dangerous living conditions. Fear was a characteristic feature of everyday life in the early modern Orthodox society.
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Turenko, O. S. "Mythological worldview of fear and horror in ancient period." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 34 (June 14, 2005): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2005.34.1578.
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The problem of the place and significance of the phenomena of fear and horror in the world-view of man has a long but unexplored history in science. Since ancient philosophy, these phenomena (especially fear) have been regarded as feelings that depend on the object-subjective perception of the phenomena of the socio-cultural life of society. However, none of the ancient authors put forward the original scientific hypothesis of the phenomenon and its justification. In modern times, fear in scientific circulation and everyday outlook has become purely natural-physiological (mechanical-materialistic) reaction of the nervous system of man to external danger. From the period of separation of psychology into a separate science and under the influence of the achievements of experimental psychophysiology of the early twentieth century. such a dominant awareness of fear has finally established itself and dominates the contemporary Western European outlook.
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Odintsova, Oхana Yu. "Fear of pregnancy and childbirth in women and men: gender aspects and parenting experience." Vestnik of Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics 27, no. 3 (2021): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2073-1426-2021-27-3-99-105.
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The article discusses the fear of pregnancy and childbirth as a multidimensional subjective phenomenon. It is noted that the fear of pregnancy and childbirth is a phenomenon associated not only with the period of expectation of a child and (or) preparation for childbirth, but also with existential experience that arises in the subject outside of partnership and the context of procreation, which is recorded from fertile age. However, pregnancy contributes to the understanding and concretisation of this fear in both partners. The sources of fear of pregnancy and childbirth are extensive. At the same time, in Russian literature, the interpretational aspects of fear are revealed mainly in the female sample. An empirical study was carried out to in-depth study of the fear of pregnancy and childbirth as a female and male problem and its dependence on parenting experience or prospects (n=141). The results demonstrate that fear of pregnancy and childbirth is present in both women and men and does not depend on the life context. The content of the main female and male fears is identical, but the female fear of pregnancy and childbirth is more pronounced and structured. The unified fears for women and men are revealed. However, this fear is more pronounced in subjects without experience of pregnancy and parenting.
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Vuković, Željko, and Natalija Hadživuković. "Psihičke reakcije bolesnika u perioperativnom periodu / Psychological reactions of patients in the perioperative period." SESTRINSKI ŽURNAL 3, no. 1 (2016): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/sez0116042v.
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Surgical intervention usually leads to fear. The operation has always been emphasized emotional entry into the sphere of the unknown and there is no man with normal psychological defenses that do not feel any discomfort when visiting any operation. The aim of this study is to examine the existence of psychological reactions of patients who were admitted to the surgical treatment, the possibility of exploring measures to overcome possible preoperative and postoperative fear, development of a plan to introduce changes and strategies to overcome the preoperative and postoperative fear and monitoring its implementation.The research was conducted in the surgical unit for anesthesia and resuscitation at University Hospital in Foča during the period from 01.05.2013. until 31.05.2013. year. The study used a descriptive short questionnaire with information on the subject and self-assessment questionnaire for depression.The majority of patients a few days before the operation had diminished interest in the events around them, a feeling of emptiness, indisposition, sleep problems, fatigue. The majority of patients had decreased appetite, weakness of concentration, slow, suicidal ideas. From all examined patients 15% of them showed no physical symptoms, while 85% were showed greater number of physical symptoms in the field of all organ systems. Twenty percent of all examined patients has no signs of depression, a mild form of depression was found in 55% of patients, while the moderately mild form of depression was found in 25% of patients.A well-designed and conducted psychological preoperative preparation is not only an important factor for positive operational outcomes and successful post-operative recovery of patients, but also more durable pledge its rational relationship to health and disease.
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Astafyev, D. A., and A. M. Maksimov. "PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERSTANDING OF FEAR AS THE BASIS OF HUMAN EXISTENCE." Intellect. Innovations. Investments, no. 6 (2023): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2023-6-117.
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The study is relevant due to the fact that the life of a modern person is permeated with fears, both real and virtual. A person cannot imagine his life without fear; even his own existence causes fear. Despite the fact that fear has always accompanied a man, at present, due to the increase in self-awareness and many other factors, in our opinion, fear is becoming the true basis of human existence in the world. The purpose of this study is to analyze the problem of fear as the basis of human existence in various historical periods and, in particular, at the present stage of human development. The achievement of the stated goal was facilitated by the solution of the following tasks. 1. To analyze the evolution of philosophical ideas about fear in various historical periods. 2. Based on the analysis, to draw conclusions and show that the rethink of fear is carried out in the New Age, since this period is a turning point in changing the role of fear. It is at this time that its individualization occurs, and it acquires a pronounced social character. 3. Particular attention should be paid to the analysis of existential philosophy, in which fear is considered as one of the key foundations of human existence and the main companion of a man in the modern era. Human existence and fear become one whole, connected by an inextricable thread. The methodology of this study is based on a dialectical approach. This approach was implemented through the use of a set of research methods of induction, deduction, analysis, comparison and synthesis, which are of a general scientific character. Analyzing the problem of fear in modern reality, we came to the conclusion that the XXI century is an era when fear begins to accompany an individual in his daily existence, becomes a mass phenomenon and is formed in the public consciousness through various information channels: the media, the Internet, expert opinion, etc. The modern world has also generated completely new types of fears, which are a direct consequence of technologization, informatization, and digitalization of society. The appearance of the “pandemic of fear” amid the COVID-19 pandemic reinforced our idea that in the XXI century fear has become the true basis of human existence.
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Rozenova, M. I., V. I. Ekimova, A. S. Ognev, and E. V. Likhacheva. "Fear as a mental health crisis in the context of global risks and changes." Современная зарубежная психология 10, no. 1 (2021): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2021100102.
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The paper presents the analysis of the results of international and national research in the field of studying the impact of global crises and pandemic situations (including COVID-19) on the state of mental health of people. Traditionally, the fear that accompanies emergency events and situations is considered as a source of mental and psychological traumatology of various kinds, however, the authors consider fear in a period of global risks and changes, from the point of view of not the cause, but an indicator of a decrease in the integrity of a person's mental health. The initial theoretical model that allows us to differentiate and diagnose different qualities of fear was the "I-structural" concept of G. Amon, which allows us to describe and understand the specific phenomenology of fears in the pandemic period. The qualities of fear, manifested in its constructive, destructive and deficient form, according to the authors, reflect the resource reserve of a person's mental health and the level of his psychological stability.
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Saliha, YURTÇİÇEK EREN, and ÇETİNKAYA BÜYÜKBODUR Ayşin. "The Relationship Between The Self-Perceived Power and Fear of Childbirth Among Pregnant Women." Journal of World Women Studies 8, no. 2 (2023): 237–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8430950.
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Purpose: To investigate the relationships between the self-perceived power of women during pregnancy and their fears of the postpartum period. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: 302 pregnant women who could be reached by snowball sampling method were included in the study. The data were collected through the introductory information form, the Women's Psychological Empowerment Scale, and the Fear of Childbirth and the Postpartum Period Scale. Results: A highly significant negative correlation found between the perceived power of women and their worries during and after childbirth (r(302) = −.808, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The empowerment of women psychologically can reduce their fear of pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.
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Saleem, Ahmed. "LOVE AND FEAR:." DIU Journal of Humanities and Social Science 3, no. 1 (2015): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36481/diujhss.v.03i1.fs1tnb30.
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Two primal emotions of love and fear were used by the Nazis in their propaganda campaigns aimed at the German people. The Nazis resorted to total propaganda to control the psyche of the people. The success they achieved has few parallels in history. Attempt has been made in this paper to delineate, in broad strokes, the two tactics of their propaganda covering only the most important themes of the Nazi period.
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Menekşe, Dilek, Özge Karakaya Suzan, and Nursan Çınar. "The effect of maternal concerns about childbirth and postpartum period on obsessive and compulsive behaviors related to baby care." Biomédica 44, no. 3 (2024): 379–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.7146.
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Introduction. Postpartum anxiety after childbirth is a common condition among pregnant women due to reasons such as the uncertainty of experiencing pregnancy and childbirth for the first time, or previous negative experiences. Fear of childbirth can affect the mother’s baby care process.Objective. This study was conducted analytically with a single-subject design to determine the effects of maternal concerns about childbirth and the postpartum period on obsessive and compulsive behaviors related to baby care.Materials and methods. The study was conducted with 260 mothers. Data were collected using a descriptive information form, and the scales ‘Fear of Childbirth and Postpartum Period’, and ‘Obsessive and Compulsive Behaviors of Mothers in the Postpartum Period Related to Baby Care’. The data were analyzed using the SPSS™ software to calculate percentages, mean values, t tests, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and simple linear regression analysis.Results. A statistically significant and positive correlation was found between participant scores of the ‘Fear of Childbirth and Postpartum Period’ and the ‘Obsessive and Compulsive Behaviors of Mothers in the Postpartum Period Related to Baby Care’ scales (p < 0.01). The regression model showed that 18.0% of the total variance in the obsessive and compulsive behaviors of mothers in the postpartum was explained by the fear of childbirth and the postpartum period (corrected R2 = 0.180).Conclusions. Fear of childbirth and the postpartum period were moderate. However, as the fear of women regarding childbirth and the postpartum period increased, theirpostpartum obsessive and compulsive behaviors about baby care also increased.
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Pavlov, Y., and B. Kotchoubey. "The effects of sleep and wakefulness on human fear conditioning." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (2021): S185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.489.
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IntroductionStudies on fear conditioning have made important contributions to the understanding of affective learning mechanisms as well as its applications (e.g., anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder). However, central mechanisms of sleep related consolidation of fear memory in humans have been almost neglected by previous studies.ObjectivesIn the current study we aimed to test effects of sleep and a period wakefulness on fear conditioned responses.MethodsIn our experiment in a group 18 healthy volunteers event-related brain potentials (ERP), heart rate variability (HRV) and behavioral responses were recorded during a fear conditioning procedure presented twice, before daytime sleep (2h) or control intervention (a period of wakefulness) and after. The conditioning procedure involved pairing of a neutral tone (CS+) with a highly unpleasant sound (UCS+).ResultsDifferential conditioning manifested itself in the contingent negative variance (CNV)-like slow ERP component. Both period of sleep and wakefulness resulted in an increased amplitude of the CNV to CS+. But we did not find an interaction effect of Time (Pre-Post) by Intervention (Sleep-Wake), suggesting that sleep did not affect the conditioned response differently as compared to a period of wakefulness. An apparent increase in HRV after a period of wakefulness did not affect fear conditioned responses (CNV and valence ratings).ConclusionsTo summarize, the data indicate that fear memories are consolidated with the course of time with no beneficial effect of sleep; relearning of fear causes stronger differential responses as measured by slow wave amplitude but not behavior; increase of HRV does not affect fear learning.
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Bilgiç, Dilek, Sükran Ertekin Pınar, Gülseren Daglar, and Büsra Cesur. "The effect of primiparous pregnant women’s preferences for mode of delivery on their fear of childbirth and postpartum period." Clinical Nursing Studies 7, no. 1 (2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/cns.v7n1p98.
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Aim is to examine the relationship between the primiparous pregnant women’s preferences for mode of delivery and their fear of childbirth and postpartum period. This descriptive study’s sample consisted of 211 primiparous pregnant women who applied to a state hospital’s obstetrics and gynecology clinic for a check-up. Data were collected by Personal Information Form and Fear of Childbirth and Postpartum Period Scale (FCPPS) which includes questions for socio-demographic characteristics of individuals and questions related to preferences for mode of delivery. Percentage distribution, t test, Kruskal Wallis analysis, one-way analysis of variance were used in the evaluation of the data, and the level of significance was determined as p < .05. 87.7% of pregnant women have stated that if they have a chance to choose, they will prefer vaginal delivery. FCPPS total mean score was 5.30 ± 1.44 and 49.8% of their fear was found to be at moderate level. There was no statistically significant difference between FCPPS subscale and total mean scores according to pregnant women’s preferences for mode of delivery (p > .05). Most of primiparous women stated their preference for mode of delivery as vaginal delivery. Pregnant women’s fear of childbirth and postpartum period are at moderate level and their preferences for mode of delivery do not affect their fear of childbirth and postpartum period. Taking into consideration pregnant women’s preferences for mode of delivery unless it requires medical indication, supporting their preferences, alleviating their fear of childbirth and postpartum period are extremely important in increasing their satisfaction and adaptation to pregnancy, childbirth and to postpartum period.
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Çıtak, Gizem, Özgür Alparslan, and Selin Işık. "THE EFFECT OF COVİD 19 FEAR ON MATERNAL ATTACHMENT IN THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD." Pediatric Practice and Research 12, no. 1 (2024): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21765/pprjournal.1428733.
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Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of COVID-19 fear experienced by mothers during the pandemic on maternal attachment.
 Materials and Method: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted between 15.03.2022-15.04.2022 with 170 puerperium hospitalized in the obstetrics and gynecology department of a state hospital. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, COVID-19 Fear Scale and Maternal Attachment Scale (MATS) created by the researchers.
 Findings: Among the puerperas included in the study, 62.4% were between 26-35 years of age, 51.8% were high school graduates, 68.8% were unemployed, and 47.6% lived on minimum wage. According to multivariate linear regression analysis, it was found that the total score of the MBS affected age, occupation, income status and social security status and was a significant predictor of fear of COVID-19 (p
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Bellini, Diego, Serena Cubico, Piermatteo Ardolino, Marino Bonaiuto, Maria Lidia Mascia, and Barbara Barbieri. "Understanding and Exploring the Concept of Fear, in the Work Context and Its Role in Improving Safety Performance and Reducing Well-Being in a Steady Job Insecurity Period." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (2022): 14146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114146.
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Job insecurity is attributable to the fear of being exploited by the organization and may have negative effects on employees. For example, it may lead employees to adopt non-compliant or deviant behaviors that harm individuals and their organization. However, knowledge about specific fears that have positive or negative effects on employees and organizations is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the main fears related to job insecurity in an organization and the hidden meanings included in each of these fears that may cause negative and positive effects on important work-related outcomes. Further, we identified safety behaviors related to the previously identified fears. Notably, we investigated whether fears reduce well-being, the number of accidents and near misses, and behaviors related to safety and whether they increase the perceived probability of making mistakes. We conducted 65 focus groups with 37 managers/employees and 180 workers in separate groups. Furthermore, they completed a self-report questionnaire. We identified eleven fears and related meanings and ten safety behaviors. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that fears were significantly negatively associated with well-being and safety behaviors but not with the probability of making mistakes and causing accidents. Thus, fears play a key role in promoting behaviors, organizational strategies, and employees’ well-being. The analysis results show that fears are included in a main general factor and suggest a new way to consider fears at work. Given our findings, we propose a new definition of fear in the organization.
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Fatima, Zainab, Aysha Rashid, Farakh Abdullah, and Bushra Rasheed. "DENTAL FEAR." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 06 (2018): 959–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.06.288.
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Objectives: Anxiety towards dental procedures is common problem thatmay be experienced by dental patients all over the world. This study focused on evaluatingthe prevalence of dental anxiety and its relationship with age, gender, religion, residence,previous traumatic experience and family history in patients coming to dental department ofLahore General Hospital, Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Departmentof Dentistry of Lahore General Hospital, Pakistan. Period: 1st Jan 2017 to 29th Feb 2017.Material and Methods: A total of 110 patients, aged 10- 85 years were selected for the study.A questionnaire comprising the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and Dental ConcernAssessment was used to measure the level of dental anxiety and concern towards dentalprocedure was used. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: The mean anxietyscore of the 110 patients was 10.43 (SD=5.4). The prevalence of dental anxiety among thestudy population was 37.9%. Based on severity of dental anxiety, 13.6% and 24.3% werefound to be moderately and highly anxious, respectively. Independent sample t-test showedmales were “slightly anxious” than females on items of MDAS such as use of drill and injection.Correlational analyses show significant positive relationship between residence, family history,dental concern and dental anxiety. Linear regression revealed that residence (rural) emergedas significant predictor of MDAS in patients with dental anxiety (P>0.05) accounting for 76%of variance. Conclusion: Female patients, patients belonging to rural areas and family historywere associated with increased MDAS score.
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Ulutaş, Nurullah, and Erdem Baykal. "THE TRAGEDY OF PEOPLE LIVING IN THE SPIRAL OF FEAR AND VIOLENCE IN YAŞAR KEMAL’S KIMSECIK NOVEL SERIES." Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 12, no. 12 (2024): e4123. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v12i12.4123.
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Purpose: In this study, through the novel Kimsecik, our aim will be to make a social, historical and psychological analysis on fear and violence. Fundamentally, it is necessary to state that Yaşar Kemal’s novel reveals very different aspects of violence, such as war, the poverty and migration due to this poverty. It should also be noted that the content of the novel deals with a historical period. The content of the novel is the 15-year period from the Sarıkamış defeat in 1915 to the 1930s. So, we have the World War I, the foundation of the New Republic of Turkey after the Ottoman Empire and its early period. In this sense, basically, the article deals with the phenomenon of violence in relation to Turkey’s history. Through the eyes of a child, it also tries to reveal a feudal culture in which violence and fear are intertwined. There are also psychoanalytic references in the novel. The relationship between the character Salman and his father could be considered in this respect. Method: The method adopted in the article is basically the analysis of the novel’s characters; their psychological, sociological and historical realities are considered. Especially, through a child, we could understand better the social and psychological aspects of fear, because, the child experiences the fears brought about by social problems. But also, making them more accessible and meaningful with imagination. The child not only reflects the fear but through his imagination makes it more and more understandable and interpretable. In summary, we became the witnesses of a child’s approach to the concepts of violence and fear and a widowed woman’s struggle to live in society and survive the oppression and harassment applied to her. Behind of all this, we can see the poor Anatolian people’s financial difficulties, struggle with epidemics, exploiting each other, their cunning, their respect and fear of state power. Results and Conclusion: Despite the fear and violence, we see that hope and imagination are never lost. Despite the intensity of oppression and death, the characters’ struggle against it stands out.Yaşar Kemal’s novel, which is in the socialist realist line, also expresses the desire to be free from violence and fear, because these two work together and fear can make a person do anything. In a way, if fear is overcome, the cycle of violence and fear could be broken. Implications of research: if we remember that the novel is also an autobiography, it will be possible to find the roots of the formation of Yaşar Kemal’s thought; an idea of resistance against fear and violence. Ultimately, it will be possible to see the political perspective at the root of Yaşar Kemal’s novel and the origin of his imagination. Originality/value: The article also shows Yaşar Kemal’s world of thought. Violence and fear are in a way the main themes of all his novels. Moreover, especially Yaşar Kemal’s dream of a world without violence remains as a hope. This hope of the children in the novel continues in Yaşar Kemal himself.
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Karahan, Seher, Ezgi Agadayi, and Irfan Gazi Yilmaz. "Problems Experienced by Family Physicians in Sivas during the Pandemic Period and Its Relationship with COVID-19 Fear." Eurasian Journal of Family Medicine 10, no. 2 (2021): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33880/ejfm.2021100205.
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Aim: To determine the COVID-19 fear level of family physicians during the pandemic working in Sivas and its relationship to their experienced problems. Methods: This descriptive study was delivered to 225 family physicians in Sivas between December-January 2021 via an online survey containing 24 questions of participants' sociodemographic data, the problems they experienced in family medicine, and the COVID-19 Fear Scale. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze thedata. Results: A total of 138 family physicians whose mean age was 37.6±7.3, with 52.2 % males and 47.8% females, included. Participants’ 16.7% had the COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 Fear Scale mean score of 18.3±6.5, appearing significantly higher in females (19.6±5.8) than in males (17.2±6.9). 28.3% of subjects needed taking professional psychological support, on which increase of working period in family medicine and COVID-19 Fear Scale Score and being single had a positive effect. Also, 86.2% experienced primary health care services problems, most frequently ranked as cancer screening, mobile service, and chronic illness follow-up. Conclusion: Necessary psychosocial support should be provided to all healthcare workers, especially family physicians, during the pandemic. So, we recommend authorities take proper precautions to continue without interruption for primary preventive health services. Keywords: COVID-19, fear, family practice, COVID-19, fear, primary care physicians
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Shirinkina, Nataliya. "The Analysis of Social Fears of Today’s Retirees: On the Example of Analysis of Food Consumption Practices." Ideas and Ideals 12, no. 3-2 (2020): 425–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2020-12.3.2-425-439.
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This article discusses the collective fears peculiar to people of the third generation and associated with consumer practices. The author analyses various methodological approaches to the study of fears of Russian and Soviet society. The author draws attention to the fact, that behavior of people of the third age is influenced by various groups of factors. A sociological study was conducted in the period from November 2017 to February 2019. The research method was an interview. The materials of the interview allowed to group consumer fears into three groups. The first group of fears is related to credit practices and banking products. The second group of fears is related to modern technologies. The third group of fears is related to food. The potential danger of food is a constant concern for the third age people. They are convinced that a modern man consumes substandard and harmful products, which provoke the development of many serious diseases and reduce life expectancy. Fears have a multi-layered nature. Pensioners are afraid not only of the toxicity of products, but also of unreliability of the information provided about these products. Consumer fears express deep-rooted attitudes and stereotypes in relation to all new and alien things: fear of new social conditions and norms, fear of market mechanisms of production and distribution of goods, alien forms and symbols of social and cultural life. Fear of all the new finds its continuation in consumer fears.
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Vilas Boas, Susana. "Living beyond Fear." International Journal of Public Theology 17, no. 4 (2023): 521–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15697320-20230104.
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Abstract In this article I will highlight some of the most harmful consequences of Covid-19 with respect to interpersonal relationships. I will argue that, as in a pandemic period, it is fear that continues to guide these relationships, and it is urgent to enter into a dynamic of reconciliation for the real healing of humanity. Furthermore, I will defend the need for an ecology of relationships so that the common good can be a reality. Interpersonal relationships and, inherently, the authenticity of human nature are crucial for an integral ecology, since it takes into account both human nature and natural nature. Thus, it will not be possible to think about safeguarding ecosystems, or even safeguarding the planet, if this reflection is not based on the truth of the human essence and on how human action – inside and outside the pandemic context – determines and shapes the reality in which we are inserted and of which we are part.
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Bahadur, Anupama, Rajlaxmi Mundhra, Rupendra Kuncham, Jyotshna Kashibhatla, Neha Verma, and Jaya Chaturvedi. "Fear and concerns of women delivering during coronavirus pandemic." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 1 (2020): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20205791.
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Literature is sparse regarding the fears and concerns of women delivering during COVID 19 pandemic. We interviewed 12 women delivering during the initial first week of lockdown period. There were three key concern of women- fear of being exposed at hospital, restricted number of hospital visitors made them confined and self-isolated thereby making them bored and frustrated, risk of baby being infected. Virtual communication through mobile was seen as a major support in all serving as a means of contact with their loved ones. Understanding a pregnant women’s concern and fear during this pandemic will enable a health care worker in better counselling.
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Andreoli, Beatrice, Elisabetta Zanolin, and Paolo Bellavite. "A Pilot Study of Prospective Data Collection by Italian Homeopathic Doctors." Homeopathy 107, no. 04 (2018): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1667069.
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Objective The main purpose of this article is to report the systematic data collection pertaining to the consultations of a group of qualified homeopathic physicians. Studies have been performed concerning: (1) the most frequently treated pathologies; (2) the symptoms reported by patients, with a particular focus on “fear” symptoms; and (3) the evaluation of the outcomes of the treatment, including likelihood ratio (LR) for fear symptoms of mostly prescribed remedies. Design Prospective observational study. Setting Individualized homeopathic treatment at private homeopathic surgeries in Italy. Participants Adult patients asking for homeopathic therapy for a series of common ailments. Outcome Measures Types of diseases and remedies used and clinical parameters (frequency of acute attacks, and their intensity and duration); the overall outcome of the cure was registered using the Outcome Related to Impact on Daily Living (ORIDL) scale. Results Only 94 patients could be enrolled by eight homeopathic doctors in a 2-year period between 2015 and 2017. Ninety (72 females, 18 males) patients completed the observation period. The most represented pathologies belonged to the group “Anxiety and anxiety disorders” followed by gastrointestinal ailments. The most prescribed remedy was Phosphorus (9 cases), followed by Natrum muriaticum (4 cases) and Ignatia (4 cases). The intensity of the symptoms and the frequency of the attacks decreased during the course of the study. Most patients reported a positive outcome (ORIDL scale). In the “Phosphorus” group, LR values were calculated for fear symptoms: LR+ for fear of dark = 2.25 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.56 to 9.02), LR− for fear of crowds = 1.27 (95% CI = 1.13 to 1.42), and LR− for fear of ghosts = 1.12 (95% CI = 1.04 to 1.22). Conclusion The recruited group was smaller than expected, but data from most participants could be collected. Positive clinical outcomes were recorded and LR of a few specific fears contributed to distinguish Phosphorus patients from the remaining population.
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Gajić, Tamara, Dragan Vukolić, and Anđelka Popović. "The hidden weight of tourism in a post-pandemic period." Turisticko poslovanje, no. 32 (2023): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/turpos0-47040.
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After a period marked by the global pandemic of COVID-19 and its effects on the social and economic aspects, it becomes obvious that the world will have consequences for a long time. This study sought to determine the predominant category of fear that has the most significant impact on the propensity of potential tourists to visit destinations that have been affected by the pandemic and which, due to prevailing prejudices, have been categorized as "dangerous". The research was carried out in the Republic of Serbia on a sample of 800 respondents. The SPSS 21.00 program was used for data processing, and empirical findings clarify that different categories of fear have a visible influence in shaping prejudices associated with "dangerous" travel destinations. These preconceptions have a noticeable effect on the tendency to travel to destinations that are categorized as dangerous. The analysis further found gender-based disparities, with men showing greater apprehension about financial and natural hazards, while women showed increased concerns about the risks of contracting COVID-19 and traveling to risky destinations.
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King, Neville, Jeannette Stevenson, Margaret McSwiney, and Rosemary Taylor. "Treating School-Related Fears in Fifth-Grade Children Using Emotive Imagery: A Research Note." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 8, no. 2 (1991): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200026456.
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ABSTRACTA sample of 44 fifth-grade children exhibiting common fears were assigned to receive treatment using emotive imagery during a seven week period. One control group received attention-placebo treatment and another no treatment. There were no significant differences between the groups on post-intervention measures of fear and depression. Methodological limitations of the study are discussed.
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Judd, Jessica M., Dylan N. Peay, Jinah L. Kim, et al. "Inhibition of prefrontal glutamatergic neuron activity during the recovery period following chronic stress disrupts fear memory in male rats: potential role of the infralimbic cortex." Learning & Memory 32, no. 1 (2025): a053957. https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.053957.124.
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Chronic stress typically leads to deficits in fear extinction. However, when a delay occurs from the end of chronic stress and the start of fear conditioning (a “recovery”), rats show improved context-cue discrimination, compared to recently stressed rats or nonstressed rats. The infralimbic cortex (IL) is important for fear extinction and undergoes neuronal remodeling after chronic stress ends, which could drive improved context-cue discrimination. Here, glutamatergic IL neurons of Sprague-Dawley male rats were targeted for inhibition using inhibitory designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) and daily injections of clozapine N-oxide (CNO) during a 21-day recovery period from chronic stress. Histological verification confirmed DREADDs in the IL with some spread to nearby medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions. CNO administration was then discontinued before fear conditioning started and behavioral testing thereafter so that behavioral assessments occurred without neuronal inhibition. Fear conditioning involved presenting male rats with three tone-foot shock pairings on 1 day, which was followed by 2 days of 15 tone-alone extinction sessions. Daily and repeated inhibition of mainly IL neurons during the 21-day recovery period did not disrupt fear learning or fear extinction in all groups (controls, stressed rats without a recovery, and stressed rats with a recovery). However, chronically stressed rats given a recovery and with DREADD activation showed impaired spontaneous recovery, indicating a failure to form a tone-foot shock association. The findings show that daily inhibition of mainly IL neurons prior to fear conditioning and extinction depends upon the changes that occur during the recovery period following the end of chronic stress.
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Kızılırmak, Aynur, and Bahtışen Kartal. "The Relationship Between Fear of COVID -19, Insomnia and Depression in Pregnant Women during The Pandemic Period (Structural Equation Modeling)." Sağlık Bilimlerinde Değer 15, no. 1 (2025): 74–80. https://doi.org/10.33631/sabd.1495100.
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Aim: This study aimed to determine the relationship between fear, insomnia and depression in pregnant women. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on a web-based with 439 pregnant women. Data were collected using the “Descriptive Information Form”, “COVID-19 Fear Scale”, “Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Scale” and “Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale” via social media using a random sampling method. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation tests and structural equation model were used to evaluate the data. Results: The pregnant women were found to have a COVID-19 fear score average of 22.00±5.83, and 32.1% risk of depression while 43.3% had insomnia. The COVID-19 fear score was found to have a positive effect on insomnia (β= 0.290; p
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Recio-Vivas, Ana María, Isabel Font-Jiménez, José Miguel Mansilla-Domínguez, et al. "Fear and Attitude towards SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection in Spanish Population during the Period of Confinement." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (2022): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020834.
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In January 2020, the WHO classified SARS-CoV-2 infection as a public health emergency and it was declared a pandemic on 11 March 2020. The media warned about the danger of infection, fuelling the population’s fear of the new situation and increasing the perception of risk. This fear can cause behaviour that will determine the course of the pandemic and, therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyse the fear of infection from COVID-19 among the Spanish population during the state of emergency. A cross-sectional, descriptive observational study was conducted with 16,372 participants. Data on sociodemographic factors, health factors, risk perception and fear were collected through an online survey. Level of fear is associated with older age, a lower level of education, having a person infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the immediate surroundings and living with and belonging to the most socioeconomically vulnerable group of people. Risk perception is associated with increased preventive behaviour. This paper provides relevant information for the public health sector since it contributes first-hand knowledge of population data that is highly useful in terms of prevention. Understanding the experiences of people in this pandemic helps to create more effective future intervention strategies in terms of planning and management for crisis situations.
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Subhasree, Mukherjee, and Hussaini Nilofer. "Linkage of Non-Fungible (NFT) Tokens to Measures of Uncertainty: Does Fear Bode Well for NFT Holders?" Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies 06, no. 08 (2023): 3977–97. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8275307.
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The study investigates the relationship between the returns of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) and its categories; and fear indices during times of crisis. The fear indices considered are Global Fear Index (GFI), Global Economic Policy Uncertainty Index (GEPU), Twitter based Economic Uncertainty Index (TEU), Global Consumer Confidence Index (CCI), Infectious Diseases Equity Market Volatility Index (IDEMV) and Crypto Volatility Index (CVI). Employing Granger Causality Test, Autoregressive Distributed Lag technique and ARDL Bounds test on data for the period starting 1st February 2020 and ending 28th February 2022, it is found that short run association exists between TEU, CVI and NFT returns. Further, GFI leads NFT Art returns while TEU leads NFT Metaverse returns by lag 5 and lag 2 respectively. No association between fear metrics and NFT Collectible, NFT Game and NFT utility is observed. No long run association in found between NFT returns and fear indices except TEU which influences NFT returns. It is concluded that NFT, NFT Art and NFT Metaverse returns have positive association to at least one fear index during times of turmoil, especially for the short run.
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Pereira, D., A. T. Pereira, B. Wildenberg, et al. "The Portuguese adapted version of the fear of covid-19 scale for the postpartum period." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (2022): S236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.611.
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Introduction The Portuguese version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S; Cabaços et al. 2021), composed of seven items, presented good validity and reliability to be used in general population. To be used within perinatal context, specifically in the postpartum period, we have added an item related to the baby (item 8 – “I’m afraid my baby will be infected with coronavirus-19”). Objectives To analyze the psychometric properties of Portuguese adapted version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale for the postpartum period (FCV-19SP), namely construct validity, internal consistency, and convergent validity. Methods 207 women (mean age= 33.51 ± 5.23 years) recruited in the postpartum period (9,06 ± 8,52 months after delivery) fill in a set of self-reported validated questionnaires: Perinatal Depression Screening Scale (PDSS), Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) and Coronavirus-19 Fear Scale for the postpartum period (FCV-19SP). Results CFA revealed that the unifactorial model composed of eight items presented good fit indexes (X2/df=1.508; CFI=.991; GFI=.974; TLI=.983; p[RMSEA≤.01] = .049), better than those of the seven items version (X2/df=3.963; CFI=.957; GFI=.909; TLI=.905; p[RMSEA≤.01] =.219). Cronbach alpha for the FCV-19SPP was α=.880. The total score significantly (p<.01) and moderately correlated with PDSS (r=.262) and PASS (r=.371). Conclusions The FCV-19SP is a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess fear of COVID-19 in women in the postpartum period. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Thorzhevskaya, L. V., and R. E. Polosukhina. "THE DEBATABLE NATURE OF THE DEATH THEME TABOOING ISSUE." Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 235 (2022): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/1814-6457-233-125.
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Death is one of the most exciting, common, emotional and taboo topics. Taboo is a complete ban or restriction. The article discusses the reasons for the taboo of death and the problems arising from it. The fear of death is one of them. Fear itself is a normal physiological reaction of the body to danger, however, when it acquires a pathological form, that is. phobia, the quality of life is declining. The stages when a person is most susceptible to the fear of death are considered. For the first time a child encounters this phenomenon at the age of about five years. The loss of a beloved pet or family members makes you think, during this period it is important to honestly answer questions about death in a language accessible to the child in order to avoid problems in adulthood. The next stage when ideas about death undergo changes is adolescence. During this period, it is typical to romanticize death, unlike adults, who perceive it exclusively as a tragic phenomenon. As you grow older, fear dulls and goes into the background, it is replaced by thoughts about building a career and starting a family. Further collision with fear occurs during crisis periods, for example, in the midlife crisis, when basic needs are closed. Together with the rethinking of the past, joy, satisfaction and meaning disappear. By old age, perception changes, acceptance of the inevitable comes. This is how the classic scheme of transforming the fear of death looks like. The functions of death, the forms of fear of death, the specifics of the attitude to this phenomenon among people of dangerous professions, as well as the consequences of the complete absence of fear of the inevitable are considered.
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Raeburn, Gordon D. "Erasmus and the Emotions of Death." Erasmus Studies 40, no. 2 (2020): 151–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18749275-04002003.
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Abstract This article investigates the presence of emotion, primarily fear, in Erasmus’ work on death and dying. How did Erasmus approach the fear of death, how did he believe people should face this fear, and what were his own personal beliefs on the matter? These questions are addressed here. The recent growth of the study of the History of Emotion has shown just how central to the development of thought and belief in the late medieval and early modern periods the emotions were, and this is no less true of the development of thought and belief concerning death and dying. The various ars moriendi works of the period were fully aware of the natural fear of death that people had, and they approached this fear in several ways. By the time Reformed Protestant artes moriendi began to appear, readers were taught that the fear of death could only be overcome by the constant meditation upon death. In certain respects Erasmus, with his De Praeparatione, bridged the gap between Catholicism, Early Lutheranism, and Reformed Protestantism, and as such his work, and its use of and engagement with fear, is investigated in detail here.
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Zengin, Hamide, Icten Bafali, Sinem Caka, Oznur Tiryaki, and Nursan Cinar. "Childbirth and Postpartum Period Fear and the Related Factors in Pregnancy." Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 30, no. 02 (2020): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29271/jcpsp.2020.02.144.
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Kitamura, Takashi, Yoshito Saitoh, Noriko Takashima, et al. "Adult neurogenesis regulates the hippocampus-dependent period of learned fear memory." Neuroscience Research 65 (January 2009): S65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.200.
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Kitamura, Takashi, Yoshito Saitoh, Noriko Takashima, et al. "Adult Neurogenesis Modulates the Hippocampus-Dependent Period of Associative Fear Memory." Cell 139, no. 4 (2009): 814–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.10.020.
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Kurtuluş, Emin, and Betül Düşünceli. "Covid-19 Fobisi (Korkusu), Covid-19 Farkındalığı ve Genel Aidiyetleri Düzeyleri." Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 7, no. 13 (2021): 451–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32739/uskudarsbd.7.13.96.
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The purpose of this research is to determine the predictive level of Covid-19 awareness and general belongingness on Covid-19 phobia (fear). Additionally, whether the fear of Covid-19 differs according to sources of information about coronavirus and mood swings during the pandemic period is also examined in this study. The study group of the research consists of a total of 352 university students, 280(%79.54) female, and 72 (%20.46) male. The study was designed in accordance with the correlational research design. In the research findings, it was found that general belongingness to Covid-19 and its awareness significantly predict the fear of Covid-19. In another result of the study, it was observed that university students’ fear of Covid-19 differs according to the source from which they have received information about Covid-19, and the mood changes during the pandemic period.
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Hervino, Aloysius Deno, Insukindro Insukindro, Amirullah Setya Hardi, and Sekar Utami Setiastuti. "Monetary Reaction Function in Indonesia During Inflation Targeting Period." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan 15, no. 1 (2023): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um002v15i12023p060.
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This study analyzes the monetary reaction function with shocks and the fear of floating phenomenon in the inflation targeting period in Indonesia. This study uses a new neoclassical synthesis approach. The unit root test result explains that all variables are stationary or I(0), and the long-run regression model is estimated. The results show that interest rates respond positively to future inflationary (counter-cyclical) in the log-run. The effect of triple shocks on interest rates in Indonesia is estimated using the Forward-Looking Model (FLM) and Error Correction Model (ECM). Using a predictive model performance (informal test), the best model in this study is FLM. In the short-run, only fluctuations in world oil prices significantly affect interest rates (counter-cyclical policy). Furthermore, BI's response to future inflation cannot be compared with BI's response to economic fluctuations, so this study has not been able to explain the significant effect of economic fluctuations on deposit interest rates. It means that the fear of the floating phenomenon cannot be explained in this study.
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Chong, Siew Koon, Madihah Shukri, Tuan Sharipah Tuan Hadi, et al. "PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS, COVID-19 FEAR, QUALITY OF LIFE, AND COPING STRATEGIES AMONG GENERAL POPULATION DURING THE POST- LOCKDOWN PERIOD OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN MALAYSIA." Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 23, no. 2 (2023): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.23/no.2/art.1789.
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This study examined the prevalence and predictors of psychological distress among the general population of Malaysia after nationwide lockdown restrictions were lifted, querying if psychosocial factors including quality of life, COVID-19 fears, and coping strategies affected levels of psychological distress beyond sociodemographic predictors. A total of 4,904 (male = 798, female = 4106) Malaysian adults participated in an online survey conducted in August- December 2021, just after the gradual release of lockdown restrictions. Psychological distress was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire-12; quality of life was measured by the WHOQOL-BREF. The Fear of COVID-19 scale and Brief COPE tool measured the level of COVID-19 fear and coping mechanisms, respectively. The prevalence of psychological distress among respondents was 37.6%, 95% confidence interval (36%—39%). Results suggested demographic indicators of higher psychological distress, specifically younger adults, childless adults, and adults with lower income. Prior medical diagnoses and COVID-19-related stressful events increased psychological distress. Results demonstrated an association between lower quality of life across all domains and higher psychological distress. Fear of COVID-19 and avoidant coping amplified distress while problem-focused and emotional coping mechanisms played protective roles. Pronounced and prolonged mental health deterioration was observed after the nationwide lockdown was relaxed; cost-effective interventions are needed to prevent new mental health issues and promote well-being and resilience.
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Egelioğlu Cetişli, Nuray, Zubeyde Denizci Zirek, and Fatma Bakılan Abalı. "Chilbirth and postpartum period fear of pregnant women and the affecting factors." Aquichan 16, no. 1 (2016): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2016.16.1.5.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the anxiety pregnant women feel about childbirth and the postpartum period and to determine the affecting factors. Methods: A descriptive design was used in the study, which was conducted with pregnant women at two obstetric polyclinics of a university hospital in Turkey from January 2014 to July 2014. The population consisted of 143 pregnant women. The data were collected using an individual identification form and the Fear Childbirth and Postpartum Anxiety Scale. The percentage, Kruskall Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and Independent Sample t tests were used to evaluate the differences between the variables. Results: The results of the study reveal that pregnant women are quite fearful of childbirth and the postpartum period. Conclusions: It is necessary to decrease fear of childbirth, because of its negative effects.
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Chai, Yuchen, Juan Palacios, Jianghao Wang, Yichun Fan, and Siqi Zheng. "Measuring daily-life fear perception change: A computational study in the context of COVID-19." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (2022): e0278322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278322.
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COVID-19, as a global health crisis, has triggered the fear emotion with unprecedented intensity. Besides the fear of getting infected, the outbreak of COVID-19 also created significant disruptions in people’s daily life and thus evoked intensive psychological responses indirect to COVID-19 infections. In this study, we construct a panel expressed fear database tracking the universe of social media posts (16 million) generated by 536 thousand individuals between January 1st, 2019 and August 31st, 2020 in China. We employ deep learning techniques to detect expressions of fear emotion within each post, and then apply topic model to extract the major topics of fear expressions in our sample during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our unique database includes a comprehensive list of topics, not being limited to post centering around COVID-19. Based on this database, we find that sleep disorders (“nightmare” and “insomnia”) take up the largest share of fear-labeled posts in the pre-pandemic period (January 2019-December 2019), and significantly increase during the COVID-19. We identify health and work-related concerns are the two major sources of non-COVID fear during the pandemic period. We also detect gender differences, with females having higher fear towards health topics and males towards monetary concerns. Our research shows how applying fear detection and topic modeling techniques on posts unrelated to COVID-19 can provide additional policy value in discerning broader societal concerns during this COVID-19 crisis.
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Polgar, Nataša. "Cultural Codes of Fear." Narodna umjetnost 57, no. 2 (2020): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15176/vol57no201.
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This paper focuses on a specific type of archival material from the first psychiatric institution in Croatia, the Stenjevec Royal National Institute for the Insane in Zagreb, today the Vrapče University Psychiatric Hospital, dating from the period from its foundation in 1879 until 1900. More specifically, it focuses on patient narratives featuring fantastical beings, i.e., narrations about their life relying on the genre of belief legends. Based on this material, which is considered to be an important albeit atypical folkloristic corpus, the paper analyzes and interprets the status and functions of the genre of belief legends (more specifically, the memorate) in daily life narratives, personal stories and in coding affects (primarily fear). The role of belief legends is examined not only from the perspective of oral tradition and literature, but also in terms of their social and psychological position, and through the lens of psychiatric discourse of the time, which recognizes such narratives merely as symptoms of madness, translating and coding them as the language of abnormality and psychopathology.
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Imran, Muhammad, and Muhammad Arif Saeed. "STRATEGIES OF USA-PAKISTAN RELATIONS IN THE POST 9/11 PERIOD: HURDLES AND PROSPECTS." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 03 (2022): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i03.725.
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From that moment forward, the Pak-US relationship will be rocky, and it will challenge both countries' foreign strategies. As a result of its dire needs, Pakistan has come to rely heavily on the United States (US). After the country's liberation, Pakistan may play a significant role in the region. However, it was still difficult to imagine being in a relationship. The lack of trust between you and me is a significant factor in determining the nature of any future commitment. September 11 altered the trajectory of relationships and the depth of commitments. This event marked a turning moment in the mending of fences between the two parties. Since then, various factors have influenced who is responsible for what. The inclusion of the manual shows serious dedication. The willingness to commit is based on the extent to which one is helped. The US military's strategic outreach to Pakistan during the War on Terror solidified US interest in Pakistan and transformed it into a technologically advanced partner. Frustrations also contribute to a decline in teamwork. After 9/11, the globe saw both bright and less promising times due to three central defining moments: the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, the rise of the US as a global champion, the consolidation of territorial security, and the fear-based oppressor onslaught. This war against mental oppression envisioned a new alliance between the US and Pakistan; during this time, Pakistan faced challenges and emerged as a crucial ally for Americans in South Asia's war against fear. The relationship between the US and Pakistan was a cornerstone of American foreign policy. The approach to South Asia prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union. The US provided Pakistan political, economic, and military aid during the Cold War. The re-arming of Islamic militants against the Soviets posed new problems for the US. U.S. foreign policy experts' sense of urgency following the September 11 attacks led them to rethink their country's ties to Pakistan. Fears that Osama bin Laden and Islamic mercenaries are hiding near Pakistan's borders have been a top issue for Americans. Expanded US-India collaboration has been effectively constrained by the long-term goal of containing China and thwarting terrorism. Given those presumptions, this research looks into the ties between the US and Pakistan. Keywords: Bilateral connection, Pakistan, South Asia, United States of America, War on fear, 9/11.
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ȘUȚĂ (IONESCU), Daniela. "Dramaturgia lui Vișniec din perioada românească – fricile lui Bruno." Comunicare interculturală și literatură 29, no. 2 (2024): 151–59. https://doi.org/10.35219/cil.2022.2.22.
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Vișniec’s dramaturgy from the Romanian period – Bruno’s fears We analyze the charcater Bruno from the first dramatic texts written by Matei Vișniec: Sufleorul fricii; Ușa; Călătorul prin ploaie; Bine, mamă, da’ ăștia povestesc în actu’ doi ce se ntâmplă-n actu’-ntâi. There is a Bruno in all four texts, seemingly unrelated to each other, having different occupations. The common feature, however, is the feeling of fear. Analyzing behavior, we will see what fears each Bruno has to face, how intense they are, how and if they are overcame.
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Radford, Kennett D., Rina Y. Berman, Shalini Jaiswal, et al. "Enhanced Fear Memories and Altered Brain Glucose Metabolism (18F-FDG-PET) following Subanesthetic Intravenous Ketamine Infusion in Female Sprague–Dawley Rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (2022): 1922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031922.
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Although women and men are equally likely to receive ketamine following traumatic injury, little is known regarding sex-related differences in the impact of ketamine on traumatic memory. We previously reported that subanesthetic doses of an intravenous (IV) ketamine infusion following fear conditioning impaired fear extinction and altered regional brain glucose metabolism (BGluM) in male rats. Here, we investigated the effects of IV ketamine infusion on fear memory, stress hormone levels, and BGluM in female rats. Adult female Sprague–Dawley rats received a single IV ketamine infusion (0, 2, 10, or 20 mg/kg, over a 2-h period) following auditory fear conditioning (three pairings of tone and footshock). Levels of plasma stress hormones, corticosterone (CORT) and progesterone, were measured after the ketamine infusion. Two days after ketamine infusion, fear memory retrieval, extinction, and renewal were tested over a three-day period. The effects of IV ketamine infusion on BGluM were determined using 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) and computed tomography (CT). The 2 and 10 mg/kg ketamine infusions reduced locomotor activity, while 20 mg/kg infusion produced reduction (first hour) followed by stimulation (second hour) of activity. The 10 and 20 mg/kg ketamine infusions significantly elevated plasma CORT and progesterone levels. All three doses enhanced fear memory retrieval, impaired fear extinction, and enhanced cued fear renewal in female rats. Ketamine infusion produced dose-dependent effects on BGluM in fear- and stress-sensitive brain regions of female rats. The current findings indicate that subanesthetic doses of IV ketamine produce robust effects on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and brain energy utilization that may contribute to enhanced fear memory observed in female rats.
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Wang, Jingjing, Nanyue Rao, and Buxin Han. "Pathways Improving Compliance with Preventive Behaviors during the Remission Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (2021): 3512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073512.
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The COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant threat to people’s lives. Compliance with preventive behaviors, recommended by public health authorities, is essential for infection control. In the remission stage, one year after the initial COVID-19 outbreak in China, we advanced a moderated parallel mediation model of the link between risk perception and compliance with preventive behaviors as well as a serial mediation model of the link between optimism and compliance with preventive behaviors, explaining the roles of various psychosocial factors in these associations. In January 2021, 200 participants under 50 years of age, located in 80 Chinese cities, participated in an online survey assessing risk perception, compliance with preventive behaviors, fear, anxiety, political trust, government dependency, and dispositional optimism. The results showed that the effect of risk perception on compliance with preventive behaviors was mediated by political trust and fear, and was moderated by government dependency. Anxiety and fear serially mediated the effect of optimism on compliance with preventive behaviors. Our study provided implications for future research to reduce negative emotions, strengthen confidence in the government, and sustain moderate government dependency accompanied by individual self-efficacy.
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Anthony, Ishaya, and Dion A. Forster. "“I Must Honestly Confess That I Am Afraid of You”." International Journal of Public Theology 15, no. 3 (2021): 369–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15697320-01530005.
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Abstract Fear is a global phenomenon that impacts individuals, institutions, and nations. Fear is associated with the experience of some form of threat, for example, the fear of a specific enemy. The increase in socio-political uprisings in many contexts around the world is contributing towards an environment of violence, insecurity, and fear. Such situations, challenge preachers to preach in ways that the Christian tradition characterises as “prophetic preaching”. This article argues that, in instances of institutionally induced fear, letter writing could serve as a powerful and effective means of public theological engagement. The authors employ an advocacy research paradigm to critically engage Allan Aubrey Boesak’s open letter to Alwyn Louis Schlebusch entitled, “A Letter to the South African Minister of Justice.” This letter was written in 1979 as South Africa was entering one of the darkest periods of the apartheid state’s brutality against its citizens. This article discusses the socio-ecclesiastical motivation(s) that underpin Boesak’s courageous and public proclamation of Christian theological truth, in a “prophetic mode”, in spite of the fear that characterised South Africa during that period of its history. Furthermore, we argue that this letter can be characterised as a form of public theological engagement. This paper offers a novel perspective on letter writing, amid threat and fear, as a form or prophetic preaching public theological engagement.
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Bhise, Dhanashree, Anagha Palkar, and Ajay Kumar. "Prevalence of Kinesiophobia in Post Spinal Surgery Patients." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 10 (2021): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20211026.
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Background: The spinal column is a highly complex system of bones and connective tissues that provide support for the body and protect the delicate spinal cord and nerves. Back surgery carries higher risks than some other types of surgery because it is done closer to the nervous system. The most serious of these risks include paralysis and infections. Fear of movement/(re)injury is described as “a specific fear of movement and physical activity that is (wrongfully) assumed to cause reinjury”. In the extreme situation of fear of movement, the expression “kinesiophobia” is used. Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) was developed by Miller, Kori and Todd 1990 in order to assess fear of movement/(re)injury. It is a valid, reliable tool is used to assess Kinesiophobia.(1) Aim: The present study was done to Assess Prevalence of Kinesiophobia In patients undergone Spinal Surgery using Tampa Scale (6- 10 weeks post surgery). Method: In this study a total of 100 patients answered Tampa scale of kinesiophobia and were evaluated according to their level of kinesiophobia after post spinal surgical period 6- 10 weeks, that is after the healing period. Result: There was a high degree of kinesiophobia which was observed after post spinal surgical period 6-10 weeks in 61% of the participants. Conclusion: This study showed Prevalence of High Degree of Kinesiophobia noted after 6-10 weeks in 61% of the Post- Spinal Surgery patients even after 4-6 weeks of healing period. Key words: Kinesiophobia, Fear-avoidance, Spinal surgery, Tampa scale.
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Ustunel, Fatmagul, and Sevilay Erden. "Evaluation of Fear of Pain Among Surgical Patients in the Preoperative Period." Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 37, no. 2 (2022): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2021.02.003.
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Walkosz, Maciej, Hong Xie, Palguna Thalla, et al. "S25. Brain Activation of Fear Associated Learning During Early Post-Trauma Period." Biological Psychiatry 83, no. 9 (2018): S356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.916.
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Kido, Kumiko, and Yuko Uemura. "An Integrative Review of Fear of Childbirth." Journal of Midwifery 8, no. 1 (2023): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jom.8.1.24-35.2023.
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This study aimed to provide knowledge for midwives to deepen their understanding of their clients when working closely with women during the perinatal period through an integrative review of ‘fear of childbirth’, and to clarify the research topics to be addressed in the future. Methods: This study used an integrative review (IR) method in addition to bibliometric analysis methods to classify and analyse the studies. Review questions (RQ) included 1. ‘what is the status of research efforts (number of papers, location, etc.) on “fear of childbirth”?’, 2. ‘what are the screening methods and prevalence of “fear of childbirth”?’, and 3. ‘what can be learned from the findings of these studies?’Findings: RQ1: The number of papers published gradually increased after 1981 and has been increasing since 2000. Studies conducted in Scandinavia accounted for more than half of the total studies. Conversely, only five studies were conducted in Japan. RQ2: The Wijma Delivery Experience Questionnaire is a screening scale for fear of childbirth developed in Sweden, which has been translated and utilised in multiple languages. In meta-analyses worldwide, the prevalence of fear of childbirth has been reported to range from 3.7% to 43%. RQ3: Fear of childbirth leaves a negative impression of past childbirth experiences on women’s psychological well-being and subsequently leads to post-traumatic stress disorder. Intervention studies have shown that prenatal education can help couples overcome their fear of childbirth. However, the effectiveness of intervention studies that have examined these psychological aspects has not yet been clarified.Conclusion: The prevalence of fear of childbirth varies considerably, possibly owing to cultural differences. Research on fear of childbirth has reported negative effects on the postpartum period and on subsequent pregnancy and childbirth. Practising women-centred care may help prevent this fear.