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Journal articles on the topic 'Periodontopathic bacteria'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Tanaka, Shoji, Mikako Yoshida, Yukio Murakami, Takako Ogiwara, Masao Shoji, Satoko Kobayashi, Sigeru Watanabe, Mamoru Machino, and Seiichiro Fujisawa. "The Relationship of Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescensand Prevotella melaninogenica in the Supragingival Plaque of Children, Caries and Oral Malodor." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 32, no. 3 (April 1, 2008): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.32.3.vp657177815618l1.

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Purpose: A relationship between the distribution of periodontal bacteria species and malodor in children has not been sufficiently investigated. The present study was undertaken to determine the presence of 3 periodontopathic bacteria (Prevotella spp. P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, P. melaninogenica) in the supragingival plaques of 3 to 16-year-old children with different oral health conditions and oral malodor. Methods: The number of decayed and filled primary teeth (df) and Decayed, Missing and Filled permanent teeth (DMF),Papillary Marginal and Attached gingivitis (PMA) index, Oral Hygiene Index (OHI), and oral malodor of each subject were determined prior to the collection of supragingival plaques. Three periodontopathic bacteria(P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, P. melaninogenica ) in supragingival plaques were detected by using an immunoslot blot assay with monoclonal antibodies specific for each microorganism. Findings: The frequencies of periodontopathic bacteria in children with and without caries were not significantly different from each other. Positivity for P. intermedia, but not for P. nigrescens or P. melaninogenica was correlated with oral malodor. Oral malodor was also correlated with the debris index, a component of OHI. The group with the higher OHI showed a higher prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria. For the 3 periodontopathic bacteria in the subjects tested, plaques positive for any of them were not age related. However,the frequencies of all 3 periodontopathic bacteria were the highest in the 3-6-year olds. Conclusion: The supragingival plaques in children can harbor 3 species of periodontopathic bacteria, P. intermedia,P. nigrescens, and P. melaninogenica.

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2

Gaetti-Jardim, Elerson, Silvia L. Marcelino, Alfredo C. R. Feitosa, Giuseppe A. Romito, and Mario J. Avila-Campos. "Quantitative detection of periodontopathic bacteria in atherosclerotic plaques from coronary arteries." Journal of Medical Microbiology 58, no. 12 (December 1, 2009): 1568–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.013383-0.

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Oral pathogens, including periodontopathic bacteria, are thought to be aetiological factors in the development of cardiovascular disease. In this study, the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum–periodonticum–simiae group, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens and Tannerella forsythia in atheromatous plaques from coronary arteries was determined by real-time PCR. Forty-four patients displaying cardiovascular disease were submitted to periodontal examination and endarterectomy of coronary arteries. Approximately 60–100 mg atherosclerotic tissue was removed surgically and DNA was obtained. Quantitative detection of periodontopathic bacteria was performed using universal and species-specific TaqMan probe/primer sets. Total bacterial and periodontopathic bacterial DNA were found in 94.9 and 92.3 %, respectively, of the atheromatous plaques from periodontitis patients, and in 80.0 and 20.0 %, respectively, of atherosclerotic tissues from periodontally healthy subjects. All periodontal bacteria except for the F. nucleatum–periodonticum–simiae group were detected, and their DNA represented 47.3 % of the total bacterial DNA obtained from periodontitis patients. Porphyromonas gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia were detected most often. The presence of two or more periodontal species could be observed in 64.1 % of the samples. In addition, even in samples in which a single periodontal species was detected, additional unidentified microbial DNA could be observed. The significant number of periodontopathic bacterial DNA species in atherosclerotic tissue samples from patients with periodontitis suggests that the presence of these micro-organisms in coronary lesions is not coincidental and that they may in fact contribute to the development of vascular diseases.

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3

Ogrendik, Mesut. "Periodontopathic Bacteria and Rheumatoid Arthritis." JCR: Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 14, no. 5 (October 2008): 310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/rhu.0b013e318188dba6.

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4

Wakabayashi, Hiroyuki, Ichiro Kondo, Tetsuo Kobayashi, Koji Yamauchi, Tomohiro Toida, Keiji Iwatsuki, and Hiromasa Yoshie. "Periodontitis, periodontopathic bacteria and lactoferrin." BioMetals 23, no. 3 (February 14, 2010): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10534-010-9304-6.

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5

Miura, Tadashi, Keishi Iohara, Tetsuo Kato, Kazuyuki Ishihara, and Masao Yoshinari. "Basic peptide protamine exerts antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic bacteria——Growth inhibition of periodontopathic bacteria by protamine." Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 03, no. 11 (2010): 1069–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2010.311138.

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6

Takahashi, Yuwa, Norihisa Watanabe, Noriaki Kamio, Sho Yokoe, Ryuta Suzuki, Shuichi Sato, Toshimitsu Iinuma, and Kenichi Imai. "Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 and Proinflammatory Cytokines Induced by the Periodontopathic Bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum in Human Respiratory Epithelial Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031352.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently a global public health emergency. Periodontitis, the most prevalent disease that leads to tooth loss, is caused by infection by periodontopathic bacteria. Periodontitis is also a risk factor for pneumonia and the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, presumably because of the aspiration of saliva contaminated with periodontopathic bacteria into the lower respiratory tract. Patients with these diseases have increased rates of COVID-19 aggravation and mortality. Because periodontopathic bacteria have been isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with COVID-19, periodontitis may be a risk factor for COVID-19 aggravation. However, the molecular links between periodontitis and COVID-19 have not been clarified. In this study, we found that the culture supernatant of the periodontopathic bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum (CSF) upregulated the SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in A549 alveolar epithelial cells. In addition, CSF induced interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 production by both A549 and primary alveolar epithelial cells. CSF also strongly induced IL-6 and IL-8 expression by BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells and Detroit 562 pharyngeal epithelial cells. These results suggest that when patients with mild COVID-19 frequently aspirate periodontopathic bacteria, SARS-CoV-2 infection is promoted, and inflammation in the lower respiratory tract may become severe in the presence of viral pneumonia.

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7

Amano, Atsuo, Tetsuhiko Kishima, Shigenobu Kimura, Miyako Takiguchi, Takashi Ooshima, Shigeyuki Hamada, and Ichijiro Morisaki. "Periodontopathic Bacteria in Children With Down Syndrome." Journal of Periodontology 71, no. 2 (February 2000): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2000.71.2.249.

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8

Karibasappa, SowmyaNagur, Dale Coutinho, and DhoomSingh Mehta. "Royal Jelly Antimicrobial Activity against Periodontopathic Bacteria." Journal of Interdisciplinary Dentistry 8, no. 1 (2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jid.jid_72_17.

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9

Maeda, Ryo, Kazuyuki Ishihara, Yasuo Hosaka, and Taneaki Nakagawa. "Antibacterial Activity of Antibiotics against Periodontopathic Bacteria." Nihon Shishubyo Gakkai Kaishi (Journal of the Japanese Society of Periodontology) 47, no. 3 (2005): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2329/perio.47.146.

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10

Izui, Shusuke, Shinichi Sekine, Kazuhiko Maeda, Masae Kuboniwa, Akihiko Takada, Atsuo Amano, and Hideki Nagata. "Antibacterial Activity of Curcumin Against Periodontopathic Bacteria." Journal of Periodontology 87, no. 1 (January 2016): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2015.150260.

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11

Nanbara, Hiromi, Nawarat Wara-aswapati, Toshiyuki Nagasawa, Yasuhiro Yoshida, Reiko Yashiro, Yukiko Bando, Hiroaki Kobayashi, et al. "Modulation of Wnt5a Expression by Periodontopathic Bacteria." PLoS ONE 7, no. 4 (April 2, 2012): e34434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034434.

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12

AZAKAMI, Hiroyuki, Hiromichi YUMOTO, and Shigeyuki EBISU. "Mechanism of Oral Colonization by Periodontopathic Bacteria." Kagaku To Seibutsu 35, no. 12 (1997): 848–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu1962.35.848.

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13

Chalabi, M., F. Rezaie, S. Moghim, A. Mogharehabed, M. Rezaei, and B. Mehraban. "Periodontopathic bacteria and herpesviruses in chronic periodontitis." Molecular Oral Microbiology 25, no. 3 (June 2010): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-1014.2010.00571.x.

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14

SCULLY, CRISPIAN, STEPHEN R. PORTER, SERDAR MUTLU, JOEL B. EPSTEIN, STUART GLOVER, and NAVDEEP KUMAR. "Periodontopathic Bacteria in English HIV-Seropositive Persons." AIDS Patient Care and STDs 13, no. 6 (June 1999): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/apc.1999.13.369.

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15

Ishikawa, I., H. Watanabe, M. Horibe, and Y. Izumi. "Diversity of IgG Antibody Responses in the Patients with Various Types of Periodontitis." Advances in Dental Research 2, no. 2 (November 1988): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374880020022301.

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Serum IgG antibodies to seven periodontopathic bacteria were assessed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 56 patients with periodontitis. Patients were selected according to the severity of bone loss, and were also classified into three categories by age: juvenile periodontitis (JP), advanced destructive periodontitis (ADP), and adult periodontitis (AP). Bacteroides gingivalis, B. loescheii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Eikenella corrodens, B. intermedius, and Capnocytophaga ochracea were the bacterial strains of interest. Antigens were prepared by cold ultrasonication of washed bacterial cells. Association of high- or low-IgG antibody titer to the bacteria was evaluated. High or low titers of IgG were based on ELISA measurements in 28 healthy subjects. Values exceeding 100% above or below the normal standard deviation were classified as high or low titers, respectively. Most patients with three types of periodontitis (76.8%) exhibited high-IgG antibody titers against various periodontopathic bacteria. The sera mostly included high-IgG titer against one or some of B. gingivalis, E. corrodens, F. nucleatum, and/or A. actinomycetemcomitans. B. gingivalis was predominantly associated with three categories of periodontitis (60.7%). However, high-IgG antibody titer against B. gingivalis alone was found in relatively low percentage (21.4%). Most of the cases were associated with one or more of the other periodontopathic bacteria. High-IgG titer against A. actinomycetemcomitans was found in a few patients (12.5%), who showed severe and more rapid bone loss. Nine patients (16.1%) showed lower IgG antibody titer than did the healthy control subjects. Of the nine, three patients who belonged to the JP category showed the chemotaxis dysfunction of their PMNs. Some immunodepression was suspected in these patients.

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16

Kawahara, Y., T. Kaneko, Y. Yoshinaga, Y. Arita, K. Nakamura, C. Koga, A. Yoshimura, and R. Sakagami. "Effects of Sulfonylureas on Periodontopathic Bacteria-Induced Inflammation." Journal of Dental Research 99, no. 7 (March 23, 2020): 830–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034520913250.

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Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is an inflammatory cytokine produced by monocytes/macrophages and is closely associated with periodontal diseases. The NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in IL-1β activation through pro–IL-1β processing and pyroptotic cell death in bacterial infection. Recently, glyburide, a hypoglycemic sulfonylurea, has been reported to reduce IL-1β activation by suppressing activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Therefore, we evaluated the possibility of targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway by glyburide to suppress periodontal pathogen-induced inflammation. THP-1 cells (a human monocyte cell line) were differentiated to macrophage-like cells by treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and stimulated by periodontopathic bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, or Fusobacterium nucleatum, in the presence of glyburide. IL-1β and caspase-1 expression in the cells and culture supernatants were analyzed by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and cell death was analyzed by lactate dehydrogenase assay. Stimulation of THP-1 macrophage-like cells with every periodontopathic bacteria induced IL-1β secretion without cell death, which was suppressed by the NLRP3 inhibitor, MCC950, and caspase-1 inhibitor, z-YVAD-FMK. Glyburide treatment suppressed IL-1β expression in culture supernatants and enhanced intracellular IL-1β expression, suggesting that glyburide may have inhibited IL-1β secretion. Subsequently, a periodontitis rat model was generated by injecting periodontal bacteria into the gingiva, which was analyzed histologically. Oral administration of glyburide significantly suppressed the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the number of osteoclasts in the alveolar bone compared with the control. In addition to glyburide, glimepiride was shown to suppress the release of IL-1β from THP-1 macrophage-like cells, whereas other sulfonylureas (tolbutamide and gliclazide) or other hypoglycemic drugs belonging to the biguanide family, such as metformin, failed to suppress IL-1β release. Our results suggest that pharmacological targeting of the NLRP3 pathway may be a strategy for suppressing periodontal diseases.

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17

Kishi, Mitsuo, Yuko Ohara-Nemoto, Masahiro Takahashi, Kayo Kishi, Shigenobu Kimura, and Masami Yonemitsu. "Relationship between oral status and prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria on the tongues of elderly individuals." Journal of Medical Microbiology 59, no. 11 (November 1, 2010): 1354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.020636-0.

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Colonization of periodontopathic bacteria is associated with increased risk of systemic diseases. However, few studies have investigated the relationships between oral status factors and health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) and the prevalence of such bacteria in elderly individuals. This study investigated the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia in 165 community-dwelling functionally independent 85-year-old Japanese individuals (93 dentate, 72 edentulous) and the relationship to oral status, including oral malodour and HR-QOL. All four of the studied periodontopathic bacteria were found more frequently in tongue coating samples from dentate than edentulous subjects, and the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Treponema denticola was significantly related to the number of teeth with a periodontal pocket depth ≥4 mm. These results suggest the existence of a stable circulation of periodontopathic bacteria between the gingival sulcus and tongue coating over time with teeth. In addition, the presence of teeth with a deep pocket and colonization of Treponema denticola were positively related to the level of CH3SH, whilst the number of present teeth contributed positively to HR-QOL, especially with regard to mental health. In conclusion, as the dentate state can retain colonization of periodontopathic pathogens in the oral cavity, both periodontal treatment and tongue care are important for maintaining a healthy oral status in the elderly, and possibly result in avoidance of risk for tooth loss and decline in HR-QOL, as well as protecting from systemic diseases.

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18

Choi, Jin Uk, Jun-Beom Lee, Kyoung-Hwa Kim, Sungtae Kim, Yang-Jo Seol, Yong-Moo Lee, and In-Chul Rhyu. "Comparison of Periodontopathic Bacterial Profiles of Different Periodontal Disease Severity Using Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction." Diagnostics 10, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10110965.

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Periodontopathic bacteria are known to have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The aim of the study was to quantitatively compare bacterial profile of patients with different severity of periodontal disease using samples from mouthwash and the subgingival area. Further analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between mouthwash and two subgingival sampling methods: paperpoint and gingival retraction cord; 114 subjects enrolled in the study, and were divided equally into three groups according to disease severity. Mouthwash and subgingival sampling were conducted, and the samples were quantitatively analyzed for 11 target periodontopathic bacteria using multiplex real-time PCR. There were statistically significant differences in bacterial counts and prevalence of several species between the study groups. Mouthwash sampling showed significant correlations with two different subgingival sampling methods in regard to the detection of several bacteria (e.g., ρ = 0.793 for Porphyromonas gingivalis in severe periodontitis), implying that mouthwash sampling can reflect subgingival microbiota. However, the correlation was more prominent as disease severity increased. Although bacteria in mouthwash have potential to become a biomarker, it may be more suitable for the diagnosis of severe periodontitis, rather than early diagnosis. Further research is required for the discovery of biomarkers for early diagnosis of periodontitis.

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19

Kadota, Tamami, Masakazu Hamada, Ryota Nomura, Yuko Ogaya, Rena Okawa, Narikazu Uzawa, and Kazuhiko Nakano. "Distribution of Helicobacter pylori and Periodontopathic Bacterial Species in the Oral Cavity." Biomedicines 8, no. 6 (June 15, 2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8060161.

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The oral cavity may serve as a reservoir of Helicobacter pylori. However, the factors required for H. pylori colonization are unknown. Here, we analyzed the relationship between the presence of H. pylori in the oral cavity and that of major periodontopathic bacterial species. Nested PCR was performed to detect H. pylori and these bacterial species in specimens of saliva, dental plaque, and dental pulp of 39 subjects. H. pylori was detected in seven dental plaque samples (17.9%), two saliva specimens (5.1%), and one dental pulp (2.6%) specimen. The periodontal pockets around the teeth, from which dental plaque specimens were collected, were significantly deeper in H. pylori-positive than H. pylori-negative subjects (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major periodontopathic pathogen, was detected at a significantly higher frequency in H. pylori-positive than in H. pylori-negative dental plaque specimens (p < 0.05). The distribution of genes encoding fimbriae (fimA), involved in the periodontal pathogenicity of P. gingivalis, differed between H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative subjects. We conclude that H. pylori can be present in the oral cavity along with specific periodontopathic bacterial species, although its interaction with these bacteria is not clear.

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20

HORIBE, Motoo. "Local Immune Responses to Periodontopathic Bacteria. II. Effect of Periodontal Treatments on Serum IgG Antibody Titers against Periodontopathic Bacteria." Nihon Shishubyo Gakkai Kaishi (Journal of the Japanese Society of Periodontology) 34, no. 1 (1992): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2329/perio.34.83.

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21

Sharma, Nikhil, and Nitin Khuller. "Periodontal Vaccine: A New Paradigm for Prevention of Periodontal Diseases." Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry 4, Spl (2010): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/johcd-4-spl-23.

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ABSTRACT Vaccination is a process that induces specific immune resistance to a bacterial or viral infectious disease. Vaccines have prevented several infectious diseases for many years, and are still being investigated. In late eighteenth century, Edward Jenner developed and established the principle of vaccination using the cross protection conferred by cowpox virus, which is non pathogenic in humans. Regarding a vaccine against the periodontal disease, the complexity of the periodontopathic bacteria might be a problem in determination of Antigens. Among some 300 species of bacteria involved in subgingival plaque, 5-7 species have been implicated in the etiology of periodontitis but one or two species; P.gingivalis or B. forsythus might play an important role as primary pathogens. Vaccination accomplished can be active immunization, passive immunization or DNA vaccination, made from the antigenic epitopes in periodontopathic bacteria. In light of the increasing evidence that periodontitis significantly increases risk for potentially fatal diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke and complications from diabetes mellitus a successful vaccine for periodontitis could have health benefits far exceeding the prevention of periodontitis.

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22

Keelan, J. A., P. Wong, and P. S. Bird. "217. Inflammatory stimulation of human decidual cells by periodontopathic bacteria." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 9 (2008): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb08abs217.

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Periodontal disease is associated with increased risk of preterm birth, although a mechanistic connection has not yet been confirmed. We hypothesised that circulating endotoxins (e.g. lipopolysaccharide, LPS) from periodontopathic organisms might possess the ability to exert highly potent immunostimulatory effects in extraplacental membranes, thereby triggering inflammatory activation sufficient to precipitate preterm labour and birth in the absence of overt intrauterine infection. We therefore tested the stimulatory effects of LPS prepared from three periodontopathic bacteria [porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitants (A.a), Fusobacterium nucleatum (F.n)] in comparison with ‘standard' LPS from E.Coli (O55:B5). Human decidual cells were isolated by collagenase/dispase digestion with Percoll purification from term decidual membranes delivered before the onset of labour by Caesarean section. Cells were stimulated overnight with 0.02, 0.2 and 2 mg/L LPS or equivalent doses of whole cell non-viable bacteria. As an index of inflammatory stimulation, cytokine (TNF-α) production was measured by ELISA and normalised to cellular protein. The different LPS preparations all stimulated decidual cytokine production, with ranked potencies as follows: Ec > Aa > Fn > > Pg. Maximal stimulation of TNF-α production achieved was 15-, 4.5-, 23- and 7-fold above control by Ec, Aa, Fn and Pg, respectively. Overall, the LPS preparations were more potent stimulators than whole cell bacteria, achieving greater levels of stimulation at lower doses. However, whole cell Aa was notable for its inflammatory effects, generating a >60-fold increase in TNF-α levels relative to control at the highest dose tested (2 mg/L). These data highlight wide variability in the ability of periodontopathic bacteria to stimulate an inflammatory response in the human decidua, both in terms of their potency and efficacy. The potential significance of bacterial molecular patterns other than LPS as potential triggers of inflammation-driven preterm labour warrants further investigation.

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23

Tanaka, Shoji, Maki Minami, Yukio Murakami, Takako Ogiwara, Kazuhito Seto, Masao Shoji, Atushi Hirata, Sinnosuke Abe, Sigeru Watanabe, and Seiichiro Fujisawa. "The Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in tooth, tongue and buccal mucosa plaques in children, using immunoslot blot assay(IBA)." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 30, no. 3 (April 1, 2006): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.30.3.v865vh73p2311876.

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The present study was to investigate the distribution of typical periodontpathic bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) in tooth, tongue and buccal mucosa plaques in 3 to 17 Year old children. Clinical parameters (Rates of df, d, DMF, and D; plaque and gingival index) for each subject were determined prior to the collection of each site plaque. Three periodontopathic bacteria on each site samples were detected using IBA. The frequency of three bacteria for tooth plaque was higher than that for tongue or buccal mucosa plaque. The frequency of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia in supragingival plaques was significantly higher than that of corresponding ones in tongue or buccal mucosa plaques. The three bacteria also occurred more frequently in subjects aged between 10 and 14 years. Periodontopathic bacteria may be enhanced in circumpubertal children.

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24

Yoshimura, Atsutoshi, Takashi Kaneko, Yoshifumi Kato, Douglas T. Golenbock, and Yoshitaka Hara. "Lipopolysaccharides from Periodontopathic Bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Capnocytophaga ochracea Are Antagonists for Human Toll-Like Receptor 4." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 1 (January 2002): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.1.218-225.2002.

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ABSTRACT Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 have recently been identified as possible signal transducers for various bacterial ligands. To investigate the roles of TLRs in the recognition of periodontopathic bacteria by the innate immune system, a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-dependent reporter cell line, 7.7, which is defective in both TLR2- and TLR4-dependent signaling pathways was transfected with human CD14 and TLRs. When the transfectants were exposed to freeze-dried periodontopathic bacteria, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Capnocytophaga ochracea, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, and a non-oral bacterium, Escherichia coli, all species of the bacteria induced NF-κB-dependent CD25 expression in 7.7/huTLR2 cells. Although freeze-dried A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum, and E. coli also induced CD25 expression in 7.7/huTLR4 cells, freeze-dried P. gingivalis did not. Similarly, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) extracted from A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum, and E. coli induced CD25 expression in 7.7/huTLR4 cells, but LPS from P. gingivalis and C. ochracea did not. Furthermore, LPS from P. gingivalis and C. ochracea attenuated CD25 expression in 7.7/huTLR4 cells induced by repurified LPS from E. coli. LPS from P. gingivalis and C. ochracea also inhibited the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) from U373 cells, the secretion of IL-1β from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and ICAM-1 expression in human gingival fibroblasts induced by repurified LPS from E. coli. These findings indicated that LPS from P. gingivalis and C. ochracea worked as antagonists for human TLR4. The antagonistic activity of LPS from these periodontopathic bacteria may be associated with the etiology of periodontal diseases.

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25

Hanookai, Delaram, Hessam Nowzari, Adolfo Contreras, John L. Morrison, and Jφrgen Slots. "Herpesviruses and Periodontopathic Bacteria in Trisomy 21 Periodontitis." Journal of Periodontology 71, no. 3 (March 2000): 376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2000.71.3.376.

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26

Kuramitsu, Howard K. "Periodontopathic Bacteria and Their Potential Involvement in Atherosclerosis." International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences 1, no. 1 (2002): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5466/ijoms.1.1.

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27

ANDO, Yoshinori, Akira AOKI, Kumi SUZUKI, Makoto UMEDA, Hisashi WATANABE, and Isao ISHIKAWA. "Bactericidal Effect of Er:YAG Laser on Periodontopathic Bacteria." Nihon Shishubyo Gakkai Kaishi (Journal of the Japanese Society of Periodontology) 35, no. 2 (1993): 374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2329/perio.35.374.

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28

Yoshimura, Atsutoshi. "Recognition of Periodontopathic Bacteria by Innate Immune System." Nihon Shishubyo Gakkai Kaishi (Journal of the Japanese Society of Periodontology) 46, no. 2 (2004): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2329/perio.46.94.

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29

Kakuda, Takami, Takanobu Takihara, Iwao Sakane, and Kristien Mortelmans. "Antimicrobial Activity of Tea Extracts against Periodontopathic Bacteria." Journal of the agricultural chemical society of Japan 68, no. 2 (1994): 241–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.68.241.

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30

Progulske-Fox, A., V. Rao, N. Han, G. Lepine, J. Witlock, and M. Lantz. "Molecular characterization of hemagglutinin genes of periodontopathic bacteria." Journal of Periodontal Research 28, no. 7 (November 1993): 473–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1993.tb02106.x.

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Gmür, R., and B. Guggenheim. "Monoclonal antibodies for the detection of ‘periodontopathic’ bacteria." Archives of Oral Biology 35 (1990): S145—S151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(90)90146-2.

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32

Toyofuku, Takahiro, Yoshinori Inoue, Nobuhisa Kurihara, Toshifumi Kudo, Masatoshi Jibiki, Norihide Sugano, Makoto Umeda, and Yuichi Izumi. "Differential detection rate of periodontopathic bacteria in atherosclerosis." Surgery Today 41, no. 10 (September 16, 2011): 1395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00595-010-4496-5.

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33

Shigeishi, Hideo, Mariko Nakamura, Iori Oka, Cheng-Yih Su, Kanako Yano, Momoko Ishikawa, Yoshino Kaneyasu, Masaru Sugiyama, and Kouji Ohta. "The Associations of Periodontopathic Bacteria and Oral Candida with Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area in Older Adults Receiving Supportive Periodontal Therapy." Diagnostics 11, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11081397.

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The periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) has been proposed for assessment of the total periodontal inflammatory status in people with periodontitis. This study was performed to investigate the associations of periodontopathic bacteria and candida with PISA in older people. We enrolled 100 patients aged ≥ 60 years who visited Hiroshima University Hospital. PISA and periodontal epithelial surface area (PESA) were calculated in each patient. Oral rinse samples were collected for DNA extraction. Periodontopathic bacteria and candida were detected by polymerase chain reaction. The mean values of PISA and PESA were significantly greater in T.forsythia-positive patients than in T.forsythia-negative patients. T.forsythia/C. albicans double-positive patients exhibited significantly greater PISA values than did non-double-positive patients. Additionally, PISA values were significantly greater in T. forsythia//T. denticola/C. albicans triple-positive patients than in T. forsythia//T. denticola/C. albicans non-triple-positive patients (p = 0.02). Propensity score-matching was performed between periodontopathic bacteria-positive and -negative patients using propensity scores generated from clinical factors. Importantly, T.forsythia/T. denticola double-positive patients exhibited significantly greater PISA values than non-double-positive patients among 72 propensity score-matched patients. Our preliminary results highlight the importance of the presence of T.forsythia and T. denticola for periodontal inflammation severity in older Japanese people.

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34

Miura, Tadashi, Koji Tanabe, and Masao Yoshinari. "Ca (II)-EDTA shows antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic bacteria." Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 05, no. 01 (2012): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2012.51002.

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35

Sbordone, Ludovico, Antonio Barone, Luca Ramaglia, Renato N. Ciaglia, and Vincent J. Iacono. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Periodontopathic Bacteria Associated With Failing Implants." Journal of Periodontology 66, no. 1 (January 1995): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.1995.66.1.69.

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36

Contreras, A., M. Umeda, C. Chen, I. Bakker, J. L. Morrison, and J. Slots. "Relationship Between Herpesviruses and Adult Periodontitis and Periodontopathic Bacteria." Journal of Periodontology 70, no. 5 (May 1999): 478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.1999.70.5.478.

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37

NAKAGAWA, Taneaki, Atsushi SAITO, Junichi TAKAHASHI, Akiyo KOMIYA, Yasuo HOSAKA, Satoru YAMADA, and Katsuji OKUDA. "Evaluation of EvalusiteTM Periodontal Test for Detecting Periodontopathic Bacteria." Nihon Shishubyo Gakkai Kaishi (Journal of the Japanese Society of Periodontology) 37, no. 2 (1995): 312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2329/perio.37.312.

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38

Aramaki, Maya, Toshiyuki Nagasawa, and Isao Ishikawa. "The Role of Salivary IgA Antibody against Periodontopathic Bacteria." Nihon Shishubyo Gakkai Kaishi (Journal of the Japanese Society of Periodontology) 38, no. 3 (1996): 330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2329/perio.38.330.

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39

Kazor, Christopher, George W. Taylor, and Walter J. Loesche. "The prevalence of BANA-hydrolyzing periodontopathic bacteria in smokers." Journal of Clinical Periodontology 26, no. 12 (December 1999): 814–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.1999.tb02526.x.

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40

Fujiwara, N., K. Murakami, M. Nakao, M. Toguchi, H. Yumoto, T. Amoh, K. Hirota, et al. "Novel reuterin-related compounds suppress odour by periodontopathic bacteria." Oral Diseases 23, no. 4 (March 9, 2017): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/odi.12638.

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41

Kamma, Joanna J., Adolfo Contreras, and Jørgen Slots. "Herpes viruses and periodontopathic bacteria in early-onset periodontitis." Journal of Clinical Periodontology 28, no. 9 (September 2001): 879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.2001.028009879.x.

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42

Iauk, L., A. M. Lo Bue, I. Milazzo, A. Rapisarda, and G. Blandino. "Antibacterial activity of medicinal plant extracts against periodontopathic bacteria." Phytotherapy Research 17, no. 6 (2003): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1188.

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43

Frisken, K. W., J. R. Tagg, A. J. Laws, and M. B. Orr. "Suspected periodontopathic bacteria associated with brokenmouth periodontitis in sheep." Journal of Periodontal Research 23, no. 1 (January 1988): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1988.tb01021.x.

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44

Ogiwara, Kazutaka, Anri Suzuki, Chihomi Kato, Masato Mikami, Masahisa Miyamaru, and Kazuko Saito. "Bactericidal Effect of Aqua Oxidizing Water Against Periodontopathic Bacteria." Journal of Japan Gnathology 16, no. 1 (1995): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14399/jacd1982.16.19.

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Aoki, Masanori, Kiyotoshi Takanashi, Takashi Matsukubo, Yasutomo Yajima, Katsuji Okuda, Toru Sato, and Kazuyuki Ishihara. "Transmission of Periodontopathic Bacteria from Natural Teeth to Implants." Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research 14, no. 3 (December 11, 2009): 406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8208.2009.00260.x.

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46

Suido, H., T. Eguchi, T. Tanaka, and M. Nakamura. "Identification of Periodontopathic Bacteria Based Upon their Peptidase Activities." Advances in Dental Research 2, no. 2 (November 1988): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374880020021701.

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Black-pigmented Bacteroides (BPB) and spirochetes are associated with some forms of periodontal diseases. The enzymes produced by these bacteria may participate in the destruction of gingival and periodontal tissues. Certain proteases and peptidases are unique to Bacteroides gingivalis and Treponema denticola. Our purpose was to study the peptidases of periodontopathogens and to evaluate the use of unique peptidases for detection and identification of these bacteria. Bacteria used were BPB, Treponema, Fusobacterium, Capnocytophaga, Actinobacillus (Haemophilus), and Eikenella species. Twenty-five substrates, including mono-, di-, and tri-peptides of β-naphthylamide (β-NA) were employed for examination of peptidase activity. Clinically isolated BPB were obtained from 16 adult periodontitis patients. One hundred and ninety-three BPB strains were identified by conventional identification methods, and the peptidase activity was determined with N-Carbobenzoxy-glycyl-glycyl-L-arginine-β-naphthylamide (N-CBz-Gly-Gly-Arg-β-NA) used as a substrate. Among tested periodontopathic bacteria, only B. gingivalis and T. denticola could strongly hydrolyze some substrates such as N-CBz-Gly-Gly-Arg-β-NA and N-Benzoyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-arginine-4-methoxy-(3-naphthylamide (Bz-Val-Gly-Arg-β-NA). In subgingival plaque samples, all patients showed BPB, and eight out of 16 patients possessed B. gingivalis by culture. One hundred and ten strains out of 193 BPB isolated were identified as B. gingivalis. Ninety-nine percent of these B. gingivalis strains identified showed N-CBz-Gly-Gly-Arg-β-NAhydrolyzing activity on a newly developed colorimetric plate assay. However, none of the other strains showed this activity in cultures of subgingival plaque which did not allow growth of spirochetes. Enzymes, such as N-CBz-Gly-Gly-Arg-peptidase and Bz-Val-Gly-Arg-peptidase, specific for B. gingivalis and T. denticola seem to be useful for rapid detection and identification of these bacteria.

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Nakagawa, Taneaki, Yasuo Hosaka, Kazuyuki Ishihara, Toru Hiraishi, Soh Sato, Tomohisa Ogawa, and Kyuichi Kamoi. "The Efficacy of Povidone-Iodine Products against Periodontopathic Bacteria." Dermatology 212, no. 1 (2006): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000089208.

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Ando, Yoshinori, Akira Aoki, Hisashi Watanabe, and Isao Ishikawa. "Bactericidal effect of erbium YAG laser on periodontopathic bacteria." Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 19, no. 2 (1996): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9101(1996)19:2<190::aid-lsm11>3.0.co;2-b.

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49

Kulekci, G., B. Leblebicioglu, F. Keskin, S. Ciftci, and S. Badur. "Salivary detection of periodontopathic bacteria in periodontally healthy children." Anaerobe 14, no. 1 (February 2008): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2007.08.001.

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50

Lyko, Karine, Carmem Bonfim, Elaine Machado Benelli, Cassius Carvalho Torres-Pereira, and José Miguel Amenábar. "Salivary detection of periodontopathic bacteria in Fanconi's anemia patients." Anaerobe 24 (December 2013): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.09.005.

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