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Journal articles on the topic 'Peripersonal space'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 March 2023

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1

Hunley, Samuel B., Arwen M. Marker, and Stella F. Lourenco. "Individual Differences in the Flexibility of Peripersonal Space." Experimental Psychology 64, no. 1 (January 2017): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000350.

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Abstract. The current study investigated individual differences in the flexibility of peripersonal space (i.e., representational space near the body), specifically in relation to trait claustrophobic fear (i.e., fear of suffocating or being physically restricted). Participants completed a line bisection task with either a laser pointer (Laser condition), allowing for a baseline measure of the size of one’s peripersonal space, or a stick (Stick condition), which produces expansion of one’s peripersonal space. Our results revealed that individuals high in claustrophobic fear had larger peripersonal spaces than those lower in claustrophobic fear, replicating previous research. We also found that, whereas individuals low in claustrophobic fear demonstrated the expected expansion of peripersonal space in the Stick condition, individuals high in claustrophobic fear showed less expansion, suggesting decreased flexibility. We discuss these findings in relation to the defensive function of peripersonal space and reduced attentional flexibility associated with trait anxieties.

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2

De Paepe, Annick, Valéry Legrain, and Geert Crombez. "Visual stimuli within peripersonal space prioritize pain." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x647072.

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Localizing pain not only requires a simple somatotopic representation of the body, but also knowledge about the limb position (i.e., proprioception), and a visual localization of the pain source in external space. Therefore, nociceptive events are remapped into a multimodal representation of the body and the space nearby (i.e., a peripersonal schema of the body). We investigated the influence of visual cues presented either in peripersonal, or in extrapersonal space on the localization of nociceptive stimuli in a temporal order judgement (TOJ) task. 24 psychology students made TOJs concerning which of two nociceptive stimuli (one applied to each hand) had been presented first (or last). A spatially non-predictive visual cue (i.e., lighting of a LED) preceded (80 ms) the nociceptive stimuli. This cue was presented randomly either on the hand of the participant (in peripersonal space), or 70 cm in front of the hand (in extrapersonal space), and either on the left or on the right side of space. Biases in spatial attention are reflected by the point of subjective simultaneity (PSS). The results revealed that TOJs were more biased towards the visual cue in peripersonal space in comparison with the visual cue in extrapersonal space. This study provides evidence for the crossmodal integration of visual and nociceptive stimuli in a peripersonal schema of the body. Future research with this paradigm will explore crossmodal attention deficits in chronic pain populations.

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3

Farnè, Alessandro, and Elisabetta Làdavas. "Auditory Peripersonal Space in Humans." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 14, no. 7 (October 1, 2002): 1030–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892902320474481.

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In the present study we report neuropsychological evidence of the existence of an auditory peripersonal space representation around the head in humans and its characteristics. In a group of right brain-damaged patients with tactile extinction, we found that a sound delivered near the ipsilesional side of the head (20 cm) strongly extinguished a tactile stimulus delivered to the contralesional side of the head (cross-modal auditory-tactile extinction). By contrast, when an auditory stimulus was presented far from the head (70 cm), cross-modal extinction was dramatically reduced. This spatially specific cross-modal extinction was most consistently found (i.e., both in the front and back spaces) when a complex sound was presented, like a white noise burst. Pure tones produced spatially specific cross-modal extinction when presented in the back space, but not in the front space. In addition, the most severe cross-modal extinction emerged when sounds came from behind the head, thus showing that the back space is more sensitive than the front space to the sensory interaction of auditory-tactile inputs. Finally, when cross-modal effects were investigated by reversing the spatial arrangement of cross-modal stimuli (i.e., touch on the right and sound on the left), we found that an ipsilesional tactile stimulus, although inducing a small amount of cross-modal tactile-auditory extinction, did not produce any spatial-specific effect. Therefore, the selective aspects of cross-modal interaction found near the head cannot be explained by a competition between a damaged left spatial representation and an intact right spatial representation. Thus, consistent with neurophysiological evidence from monkeys, our findings strongly support the existence, in humans, of an integrated cross-modal system coding auditory and tactile stimuli near the body, that is, in the peripersonal space.

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4

Bufacchi, R. J. "Approaching threatening stimuli cause an expansion of defensive peripersonal space." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 4 (October 1, 2017): 1927–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00316.2017.

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When sudden environmental stimuli signaling threat occur in the portion of space surrounding the body (defensive peripersonal space), defensive responses are enhanced. Recently Bisio et al. (Bisio A, Garbarini F, Biggio M, Fossataro C, Ruggeri P, Bove M. J Neurosci 37: 2415–2424, 2017) showed that a marker of defensive peripersonal space, the defensive hand-blink reflex, is modulated by the motion of the eliciting threatening stimulus. These results can be parsimoniously explained by the continuous monitoring of environmental threats, resulting in an expansion of defensive peripersonal space when threatening stimuli approach.

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5

Brozzoli, Claudio, Francesco Pavani, Christian Urquizar, Lucilla Cardinali, and Alessandro Farnè. "Grasping actions remap peripersonal space." NeuroReport 20, no. 10 (July 2009): 913–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnr.0b013e32832c0b9b.

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6

Patané, Ivan, Lucilla Cardinali, Romeo Salemme, Francesco Pavani, Alessandro Farnè, and Claudio Brozzoli. "Action Planning Modulates Peripersonal Space." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 8 (August 2019): 1141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01349.

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Peripersonal space is a multisensory representation relying on the processing of tactile and visual stimuli presented on and close to different body parts. The most studied peripersonal space representation is perihand space (PHS), a highly plastic representation modulated following tool use and by the rapid approach of visual objects. Given these properties, PHS may serve different sensorimotor functions, including guidance of voluntary actions such as object grasping. Strong support for this hypothesis would derive from evidence that PHS plastic changes occur before the upcoming movement rather than after its initiation, yet to date, such evidence is scant. Here, we tested whether action-dependent modulation of PHS, behaviorally assessed via visuotactile perception, may occur before an overt movement as early as the action planning phase. To do so, we probed tactile and visuotactile perception at different time points before and during the grasping action. Results showed that visuotactile perception was more strongly affected during the planning phase (250 msec after vision of the target) than during a similarly static but earlier phase (50 msec after vision of the target). Visuotactile interaction was also enhanced at the onset of hand movement, and it further increased during subsequent phases of hand movement. Such a visuotactile interaction featured interference effects during all phases from action planning onward as well as a facilitation effect at the movement onset. These findings reveal that planning to grab an object strengthens the multisensory interaction of visual information from the target and somatosensory information from the hand. Such early updating of the visuotactile interaction reflects multisensory processes supporting motor planning of actions.

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7

MENNEMEIER, MARK, ELI WERTMAN, and KENNETH M. HEILMAN. "NEGLECT OF NEAR PERIPERSONAL SPACE." Brain 115, no. 1 (1992): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/115.1.37.

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8

Diolaiuti, Francesca, Tommaso Banfi, and Enrica L. Santarcangelo. "Hypnotizability and the Peripersonal Space." International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 65, no. 4 (August 24, 2017): 466–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207144.2017.1348868.

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9

di Pellegrino, Giuseppe, and Elisabetta Làdavas. "Peripersonal space in the brain." Neuropsychologia 66 (January 2015): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.11.011.

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10

Bremner, Andrew J., Nicholas P. Holmes, and Charles Spence. "Infants lost in (peripersonal) space?" Trends in Cognitive Sciences 12, no. 8 (August 2008): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2008.05.003.

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11

Jackson, Gabrielle Benette. "Skillful action in peripersonal space." Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 13, no. 2 (March 13, 2013): 313–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11097-013-9301-7.

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12

Candini, Michela, Virginia Giuberti, Erica Santelli, Giuseppe di Pellegrino, and Francesca Frassinetti. "When social and action spaces diverge: A study in children with typical development and autism." Autism 23, no. 7 (January 20, 2019): 1687–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318822504.

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The space around the body has been defined as action space ( peripersonal space) and a social space ( interpersonal space). Within the current debate about the characteristics of these spaces, here we investigated the functional properties and plasticity of action and social space in developmental age. To these aims, children with typical development and autism spectrum disorders were submitted to Reaching- and Comfort-distance tasks, to assess peripersonal and interpersonal space, respectively. Participants approached a person (confederate) or an object and stopped when they thought they could reach the stimulus (Reaching-distance task), or they felt comfortable with stimulus’ proximity (Comfort-distance task). Both tasks were performed before and after a cooperative tool-use training, in which participant and confederate actively cooperated to reach tokens by using either a long (Experiment 1) or a short (Experiment 2) tool. Results showed that in both groups, peripersonal space extended following long-tool-use but not short-tool-use training. Conversely, in typical development, but not in autism spectrum disorders children, interpersonal space toward confederate reduced following the cooperative tool-use training. These findings reveal that action and social spaces are functionally dissociable both in typical and atypical development, and that action but not social space regulation is intact in children with autism.

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13

Shim, Jaeho, and John van der Kamp. "The Effects of Optical Illusions in Perception and Action in Peripersonal and Extrapersonal Space." Perception 46, no. 9 (May 3, 2017): 1118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006617707697.

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While the two visual system hypothesis tells a fairly compelling story about perception and action in peripersonal space (i.e., within arm’s reach), its validity for extrapersonal space is very limited and highly controversial. Hence, the present purpose was to assess whether perception and action differences in peripersonal space hold in extrapersonal space and are modulated by the same factors. To this end, the effects of an optic illusion in perception and action in both peripersonal and extrapersonal space were compared in three groups that threw balls toward a target at a distance under different target eccentricity (i.e., with the target fixated and in peripheral field), viewing (i.e., binocular and monocular viewing), and delay conditions (i.e., immediate and delayed action). The illusory bias was smaller in action than in perception in peripersonal space, but this difference was significantly reduced in extrapersonal space, primarily because of a weakening bias in perception. No systematic modulation of target eccentricity, viewing, and delay arose. The findings suggest that the two visual system hypothesis is also valid for extra personal space.

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14

Serino, Andrea, Michela Bassolino, Alessandro Farnè, and Elisabetta Làdavas. "Extended Multisensory Space in Blind Cane Users." Psychological Science 18, no. 7 (July 2007): 642–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01952.x.

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In the present work, we investigated whether an auditory peripersonal space exists around the hand and whether such a space might be extended by a brief tool-use experience or by long-term experience using a tool in everyday life. To this end, we studied audio-tactile integration in the space around the hand and in far space, in blind subjects who regularly used a cane to navigate and in sighted subjects, before and after brief training with the cane. In sighted subjects, auditory peripersonal space was limited to around the hand before tool use, then expanded after tool use, and contracted backward after a resting period. In contrast, in blind subjects, peri-hand space was immediately expanded when they held the cane but was limited to around the hand when they held a short handle. These results suggest that long-term experience with the cane induces a durable extension of the peripersonal space.

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15

Vaishnavi, Sandeep, Jesse Calhoun, and Anjan Chatterjee. "Binding Personal and Peripersonal Space: Evidence from Tactile Extinction." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 13, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892901564243.

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Behavioral and neurophysiological studies suggest that the brain constructs different representations of space. Among these representations are personal and peripersonal space. Personal space refers to the space occupied by our bodies. Peripersonal space refers to the space surrounding our bodies, which can be reached by our limbs. How these two representations are bound to give a unified sense of space in which humans act is not clear. We tested 10 patients with tactile extinction to investigate this issue. Tactile extinction is an attentional disorder in which patients are unaware of being touched on their contralesional limb if they are also touched simultaneously on their ipsilesional limb. We hypothesized that mechanisms that bind personal and peripersonal representations would improve these patients' awareness of being touched on their contralesional limbs. Visual-tactile integration and intentional movements were considered candidate mechanisms. Patients were more likely to be aware of contralesional touch when looking towards their contralesional limb than when looking towards their ipsilesional limb, and when actively moving on tactile probes than when receiving tactile stimuli passively. The improved awareness of being touched on the contralesional limb under these conditions suggests that cross-sensory and sensorimotor integration help bind personal and peripersonal space.

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16

Pfeiffer, Christian, Jean‐Paul Noel, Andrea Serino, and Olaf Blanke. "Vestibular modulation of peripersonal space boundaries." European Journal of Neuroscience 47, no. 7 (April 2018): 800–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejn.13872.

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17

Brozzoli, C., L. Cardinali, F. Pavani, and A. Farnè. "Action-specific remapping of peripersonal space." Neuropsychologia 48, no. 3 (February 2010): 796–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.10.009.

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18

Teneggi, Chiara, Elisa Canzoneri, Giuseppe di Pellegrino, and Andrea Serino. "Social Modulation of Peripersonal Space Boundaries." Current Biology 23, no. 5 (March 2013): 406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.01.043.

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19

Ardizzi, Martina, and Francesca Ferri. "Interoceptive influences on peripersonal space boundary." Cognition 177 (August 2018): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2018.04.001.

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20

Lee, Jin Yi. "Relook the medium of dance with the concept of Peripersonal Space." Dance Research Journal of Dance 77, no. 5 (October 31, 2019): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21317/ksd.77.5.12.

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21

Noel, Jean-Paul, Christian Pfeiffer, Olaf Blanke, and Andrea Serino. "Peripersonal space as the space of the bodily self." Cognition 144 (November 2015): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2015.07.012.

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22

THOMAS, NICOLE A., and LORIN J. ELIAS. "Do perceptual asymmetries differ in peripersonal and extrapersonal space?" Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 16, no. 1 (October 19, 2009): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561770999097x.

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AbstractA space-based dissociation has been observed in clinical hemineglect, wherein neglect can be specific to either peripersonal or extrapersonal space. This same dissociation might occur in pseudoneglect, where both space-based and visual field differences have been observed. Upper and bottom visual field differences were examined within-subjects (N = 39), by presenting the greyscales task in both peripersonal and extrapersonal space. The leftward bias was strongest in the bottom visual field; however, no space-based differences were observed. It appears that perceptual biases differ between the upper and bottom visual fields, but this is not related to space-based perceptual biases. (JINS, 2010, 16, 210–214.)

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23

Couyoumdjian, Alessandro, Francesco Di Nocera, and Fabio Ferlazzo. "Functional Representation of 3d Space in Endogenous Attention Shifts." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 56, no. 1 (January 2003): 155–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724980244000215.

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The aim of this study was to explore whether the attentional system, as far as an endogenous orienting is concerned, allocates resources along the sagittal plane and whether such a process is affected by, and is likely to be based on, different functional representations of 3D space in the brain. Several models make a main action-based distinction between representations of peripersonal space and of those extrapersonal space. Accordingly, if attention has to move from one representation to another, it should be possible to observe a decrease in performance during such a transition. To test this hypothesis three experiments were run in which participants performed a cued detection task. Cue stimuli were informative and were centrally located around the fixation point. Target stimuli were displayed at four different depth planes. In the first experiment, assuming that the border between the peripersonal space and the extrapersonal space was at 1 m from the observer, half the target stimuli were located in the peripersonal space and half in the extrapersonal space. The fixation point was located at 1 m from the observer. In the second experiment, the fixation point was moved at 2 m from the observer in order to rule out the possible effects of ocular motor programming. In the third experiment, in order to rule out effects related to the spatial layout of target stimuli (i.e., centre of mass effect) two target stimuli were located in the peripersonal space and six in the extrapersonal space. In all the experiments, besides a validity effect, we observed greater reaction times when attention shift was across spatial representations than when it was within the same representation. The implications for action-oriented models of attention are discussed.

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24

Magosso, Elisa, Melissa Zavaglia, Andrea Serino, Giuseppe di Pellegrino, and Mauro Ursino. "Visuotactile Representation of Peripersonal Space: A Neural Network Study." Neural Computation 22, no. 1 (January 2010): 190–243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2009.01-08-694.

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Neurophysiological and behavioral studies suggest that the peripersonal space is represented in a multisensory fashion by integrating stimuli of different modalities. We developed a neural network to simulate the visual-tactile representation of the peripersonal space around the right and left hands. The model is composed of two networks (one per hemisphere), each with three areas of neurons: two are unimodal (visual and tactile) and communicate by synaptic connections with a third downstream multimodal (visual-tactile) area. The hemispheres are interconnected by inhibitory synapses. We applied a combination of analytic and computer simulation techniques. The analytic approach requires some simplifying assumptions and approximations (linearization and a reduced number of neurons) and is used to investigate network stability as a function of parameter values, providing some emergent properties. These are then tested and extended by computer simulations of a more complex nonlinear network that does not rely on the previous simplifications. With basal parameter values, the extended network reproduces several in vivo phenomena: multisensory coding of peripersonal space, reinforcement of unisensory perception by multimodal stimulation, and coexistence of simultaneous right- and left-hand representations in bilateral stimulation. By reducing the strength of the synapses from the right tactile neurons, the network is able to mimic the responses characteristic of right-brain-damaged patients with left tactile extinction: perception of unilateral left tactile stimulation, cross-modal extinction and cross-modal facilitation in bilateral stimulation. Finally, a variety of sensitivity analyses on some key parameters was performed to shed light on the contribution of single-model components in network behaviour. The model may help us understand the neural circuitry underlying peripersonal space representation and identify its alterations explaining neurological deficits. In perspective, it could help in interpreting results of psychophysical and behavioral trials and clarifying the neural correlates of multisensory-based rehabilitation procedures.

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25

Bogdanova, Olena V., Volodymyr B. Bogdanov, Audrey Dureux, Alessandro Farnè, and Fadila Hadj-Bouziane. "The Peripersonal Space in a social world." Cortex 142 (September 2021): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2021.05.005.

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26

Mine, Daisuke, and Kazuhiko Yokosawa. "Peripersonal space around a disconnected body part." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 84 (September 8, 2020): PI—033—PI—033. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.84.0_pi-033.

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27

Serino, Andrea, Laura Annella, and Alessio Avenanti. "Motor Properties of Peripersonal Space in Humans." PLoS ONE 4, no. 8 (August 11, 2009): e6582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006582.

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28

Làdavas, Elisabetta, and Andrea Serino. "Action-dependent plasticity in peripersonal space representations." Cognitive Neuropsychology 25, no. 7-8 (December 2008): 1099–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02643290802359113.

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Bufacchi, R. J., M. Liang, L. D. Griffin, and G. D. Iannetti. "A geometric model of defensive peripersonal space." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00691.2015.

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Potentially harmful stimuli occurring within the defensive peripersonal space (DPPS), a protective area surrounding the body, elicit stronger defensive reactions. The spatial features of the DPPS are poorly defined and limited to descriptive estimates of its extent along a single dimension. Here we postulated a family of geometric models of the DPPS, to address two important questions with respect to its spatial features: What is its fine-grained topography? How does the nervous system represent the body area to be defended? As a measure of the DPPS, we used the strength of the defensive blink reflex elicited by electrical stimulation of the hand (hand-blink reflex, HBR), which is reliably modulated by the position of the stimulated hand in egocentric coordinates. We tested the goodness of fit of the postulated models to HBR data from six experiments in which we systematically explored the HBR modulation by hand position in both head-centered and body-centered coordinates. The best-fitting model indicated that 1) the nervous system's representation of the body area defended by the HBR can be approximated by a half-ellipsoid centered on the face and 2) the DPPS extending from this area has the shape of a bubble elongated along the vertical axis. Finally, the empirical observation that the HBR is modulated by hand position in head-centered coordinates indicates that the DPPS is anchored to the face. The modeling approach described in this article can be generalized to describe the spatial modulation of any defensive response.

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30

Saccone, Elizabeth, Owen Churches, Ancret Szpak, and Michael Nicholls. "Affordance perception in socially contracted peripersonal space." Journal of Vision 16, no. 12 (September 1, 2016): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/16.12.455.

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31

Ferri, Francesca, Lucia Riggio, Vittorio Gallese, and Marcello Costantini. "Objects and their nouns in peripersonal space." Neuropsychologia 49, no. 13 (November 2011): 3519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.09.001.

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32

Dijkerman, H. Chris, and Alessandro Farnè. "Sensorimotor and social aspects of peripersonal space." Neuropsychologia 70 (April 2015): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.03.005.

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Di Cosmo, Giulio, Marcello Costantini, Anatolia Salone, Giovanni Martinotti, Giuseppe Di Iorio, Massimo Di Giannantonio, and Francesca Ferri. "Peripersonal space boundary in schizotypy and schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Research 197 (July 2018): 589–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2017.12.003.

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34

Bufacchi, Rory J., and Gian Domenico Iannetti. "An Action Field Theory of Peripersonal Space." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 22, no. 12 (December 2018): 1076–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2018.09.004.

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35

Kaas, Amanda L., and Hanneke I. van Mier. "Haptic spatial matching in near peripersonal space." Experimental Brain Research 170, no. 3 (November 23, 2005): 403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-005-0223-7.

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36

Stone, K. D., M. Kandula, A. Keizer, and H. C. Dijkerman. "Peripersonal space boundaries around the lower limbs." Experimental Brain Research 236, no. 1 (November 2, 2017): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-017-5115-0.

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37

Bekrater-Bodmann, R., and J. Foell. "Limb Ownership Experience and Peripersonal Space Processing." Journal of Neuroscience 33, no. 7 (February 13, 2013): 2729–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.5547-12.2013.

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38

Di Cosmo, G., F. Fiori, F. Ferri, A. Salone, M. Corbo, M. Costantini, G. Martinotti, M. di Giannantonio, and L. Marzetti. "Spatio-temporal Perception and Boundaries of Self: Evaluation of Peripersonal Space in Schizotypy Traits." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S162—S163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2041.

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IntroductionThe peripersonal space is described as that area within the boundary between self and non-self. An accurate judgment of peripersonal space boundaries may depend on the capacity to create an organized and structured mental representation that integrates signals from different sensory modalities and brain regions. Empirical evidence suggests that these functions are altered in schizotypy, which is thought to reflect the subclinical expression of the symptoms of schizophrenia in the general population. A number of clinical studies reported that interpersonal interaction and social stimulation have an impact on the onset and progress of schizophrenia.ObjectivesWe conducted a study on personal space in a sample of student screened for schizotypal traits using a paradigm that was not affected by emotional and social interference.AimsThe aim was to evaluate the relationship between personal space and schizotypy traits.MethodsThirty-four subject recruited for the study completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). According to the SPQ results participants were splitted into two groups (High, Low). Each participant performed a PeriPersonal Space (PPS) task.ResultsOur results show a more extended boundary of the peripersonal space in people with high schizotypy compared to people with low schizotypy even without emotional and social interference.ConclusionsPeople with high traits of schizotypy suffer from a difficulty in social integration because of being unable to adapt the social behavior. A better understanding of the mechanisms for abnormal interactive behavior could provide significant valid guidelines for innovating insertion programs that aims to improve social functioning.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Moro, Valentina, Michela Corbella, Silvio Ionta, Federico Ferrari, and Michele Scandola. "Cognitive Training Improves Disconnected Limbs’ Mental Representation and Peripersonal Space after Spinal Cord Injury." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 12, 2021): 9589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189589.

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Paraplegia following spinal cord injury (SCI) affects the mental representation and peripersonal space of the paralysed body parts (i.e., lower limbs). Physical rehabilitation programs can improve these aspects, but the benefits are mostly partial and short-lasting. These limits could be due to the absence of trainings focused on SCI-induced cognitive deficits combined with traditional physical rehabilitation. To test this hypothesis, we assessed in 15 SCI-individuals the effects of adding cognitive recovery protocols (motor imagery–MI) to standard physical rehabilitation programs (Motor + MI training) on mental body representations and space representations, with respect to physical rehabilitation alone (control training). Each training comprised at least eight sessions administered over two weeks. The status of participants’ mental body representation and peripersonal space was assessed at three time points: before the training (T0), after the training (T1), and in a follow-up assessment one month later (T2). The Motor + MI training induced short-term recovery of peripersonal space that however did not persist at T2. Body representation showed a slower neuroplastic recovery at T2, without differences between Motor and the Motor + MI. These results show that body and space representations are plastic after lesions, and open new rehabilitation perspectives.

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Michel, Carine, Patrick Quercia, and Lise Joubert. "Representational Bias in the Radial Axis in Children With Dyslexia: A Landmarks Alignment Study." Journal of Learning Disabilities 52, no. 2 (June 25, 2018): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022219418784281.

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To better identify the distinctive characteristics of space representation in the radial dimension, we have proposed a new paradigm: the landmarks alignment task where two parallel aluminum bars were radially presented. Children had to move a landmark along one bar and place it at the same location as the reference landmark placed by the examiner on the parallel bar. The major interest of this task was its capacity to assess space representation in the radial dimension when considering a spatial landmark that oriented the subject’s attention toward the orthogonal dimension. The most important result showed that in the radial dimension children with dyslexia exhibited a forward bias on the left bar, meaning a mental underrepresentation of the leftward peripersonal space and/or a mental overrepresentation of the rightward peripersonal space. Furthermore, reading discrepancies were correlated with radial forward bias on the left bar. The experiment was also conducted in the lateral axis, showing a pseudoneglect behavior in children without dyslexia. Our landmarks alignment task had the advantage of being able to assess space representation in a complex environment. The forward radial representational bias in children with dyslexia could have implications for spatial orientation in peripersonal workspace in school situations.

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Mul, Cari-lène, Flavia Cardini, Steven D. Stagg, Shabnam Sadeghi Esfahlani, Dimitrios Kiourtsoglou, Pasquale Cardellicchio, and Jane Elizabeth Aspell. "Altered bodily self-consciousness and peripersonal space in autism." Autism 23, no. 8 (April 3, 2019): 2055–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319838950.

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There is some evidence that disordered self-processing in autism spectrum disorders is linked to the social impairments characteristic of the condition. To investigate whether bodily self-consciousness is altered in autism spectrum disorders as a result of multisensory processing differences, we tested responses to the full body illusion and measured peripersonal space in 22 adults with autism spectrum disorders and 29 neurotypical adults. In the full body illusion set-up, participants wore a head-mounted display showing a view of their ‘virtual body’ being stroked synchronously or asynchronously with respect to felt stroking on their back. After stroking, we measured the drift in perceived self-location and self-identification with the virtual body. To assess the peripersonal space boundary we employed an audiotactile reaction time task. The results showed that participants with autism spectrum disorders are markedly less susceptible to the full body illusion, not demonstrating the illusory self-identification and self-location drift. Strength of self-identification was negatively correlated with severity of autistic traits and contributed positively to empathy scores. The results also demonstrated a significantly smaller peripersonal space, with a sharper (steeper) boundary, in autism spectrum disorders participants. These results suggest that bodily self-consciousness is altered in participants with autism spectrum disorders due to differences in multisensory integration, and this may be linked to deficits in social functioning.

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KWON, JAY C., BYUNG H. LEE, JUNG MIN JI, YONG JEONG, BONG JIK KIM, KENNETH M. HEILMAN, and DUK L. NA. "Length perception and production of normal subjects in proximal versus distal peripersonal space." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 10, no. 6 (October 2004): 913–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617704106152.

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We investigated whether the perception or production of a given line length in normal subjects varies according to where in peripersonal space the line is perceived or produced. We also investigated the influence of the direction of movement used to make the line. In Experiment 1, blindfolded normal subjects were asked to estimate distances while the examiner moved the subject's hand in proximal (medial) or distal (lateral) space, moving centripetally or centrifugally. The subjects showed a spatial effect, perceiving the same length as shorter in proximal space than distal space. This result could be related to either a proximal spatial attentional bias or an anisometric representation of spatial distances. In Experiment 2, we attempted to dissociate these hypotheses by studying blindfolded normal subjects, who were requested to produce horizontal lines of a given length (100 or 200 mm) in proximal versus distal peripersonal space using centripetal or centrifugal movements. Centrifugal movements in proximal space were the longest; centrifugal movements in distal space were the shortest; in between were the proximal centripetal and distal centripetal movements which did not differ from each other. These results suggest that in peripersonal space the perception of length in normal subjects is most consistent with anisometric mental representation where the size of mental representations of length units decreases as a function of the distance from the subject's midsagittal plane. Length production, however, may depend on an interaction of the anisometric mental representation and the premotor/intentional factors. (JINS, 2004, 10, 913–919.)

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Magnani, F., F. Ferroni, F. Ferri, M. Ardizzi, N. Langiulli, F. Giustozzi, F. Rasmi, et al. "Peripersonal space plasticity in Schizophrenia: a motor training." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.796.

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Introduction A primary disruption of the bodily self is considered a core feature of schizophrenia patients (SCZ). The “disembodied” self would be underpinned by an inefficient body-related multisensory integration mechanism occurring in the Peripersonal Space (PPS). PPS is a plastic sector of space surrounding our body, whose extent is altered in SCZ. Although PPS represents a malleable interface marking the perceptual border between self and others, no study has investigated the potential alteration of its plasticity in SCZ. Objectives We investigated the PPS extension and its plasticity in SCZ and their potential correlations with the clinical scales. Methods Thirty SCZ and thirty healthy controls (HC) underwent a multisensory task to estimate PPS boundary before and after a motor training. Patients were also administered the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE). Results Data confirm a narrower PPS extent in SCZ than in HC, whereas no differences in PPS expansion was found in the two groups after the motor training (Figure 1). Positive symptoms were associated directly with PPS extent and inversely with PPS plasticity. No associations were found between PPS and EASE domains. Figure1: Graphical representation of PPS expansion in SCZ and HC. Both panels show individual normalized sigmoid fits Conclusions The present study suggests a narrower PPS extent and a preserved PPS plasticity in SCZ with respect to HC. Both PPS extent and plasticity are related to the severity of positive symptoms. These results highlight the potential role of rehabilitation interventions in order to improve patients’ weakened body boundary. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Stettler, Benjamin A., and Laura E. Thomas. "Visual processing is biased in peripersonal foot space." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 79, no. 1 (October 14, 2016): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-016-1225-1.

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Orioli, Giulia, Maria Laura Filippetti, Walter Gerbino, Danica Dragovic, and Teresa Farroni. "Trajectory Discrimination and Peripersonal Space Perception in Newborns." Infancy 23, no. 2 (August 23, 2017): 252–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/infa.12207.

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Kesayan, Tigran, John B. Williamson, Adam D. Falchook, Frank M. Skidmore, and Kenneth M. Heilman. "Allocentric But Not Egocentric Pseudoneglect of Peripersonal Space." Cognitive And Behavioral Neurology 29, no. 1 (March 2016): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnn.0000000000000085.

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Ferroni, F., M. Ardizzi, F. Ferri, A. Tesanovic, N. Langiulli, M. Tonna, C. Marchesi, and V. Gallese. "Schizotypy and individual differences in peripersonal space plasticity." Neuropsychologia 147 (October 2020): 107579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107579.

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Shibuya, Satoshi, Nobuhisa Momose, Toshimitsu Takahashi, and Yukari Ohki. "Predictive remapping of peripersonal space induced by prehension." Neuroscience Research 71 (September 2011): e363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.1592.

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Làdavas, Elisabetta. "Functional and dynamic properties of visual peripersonal space." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 6, no. 1 (January 2002): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01814-3.

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de Haan, Alyanne M., Miranda Smit, Stefan Van der Stigchel, and H. Chris Dijkerman. "Approaching threat modulates visuotactile interactions in peripersonal space." Experimental Brain Research 234, no. 7 (February 19, 2016): 1875–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-016-4571-2.

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