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Journal articles on the topic 'Peripheral muscles'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Bergmeister, Konstantin D., Martin Aman, Silvia Muceli, et al. "Peripheral nerve transfers change target muscle structure and function." Science Advances 5, no. 1 (2019): eaau2956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau2956.

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Selective nerve transfers surgically rewire motor neurons and are used in extremity reconstruction to restore muscle function or to facilitate intuitive prosthetic control. We investigated the neurophysiological effects of rewiring motor axons originating from spinal motor neuron pools into target muscles with lower innervation ratio in a rat model. Following reinnervation, the target muscle’s force regenerated almost completely, with the motor unit population increasing to 116% in functional and 172% in histological assessments with subsequently smaller muscle units. Muscle fiber type populat

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2

MacIntosh, Brian R., and M. Reza S. Shahi. "A peripheral governor regulates muscle contraction." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 36, no. 1 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h10-073.

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Active skeletal muscles are capable of keeping the global [adenosine triphosphate (ATP)] reasonably constant during exercise, whether it is mild exercise, activating a few motor units, or all-out exercise using a substantial mass of muscle. This could only be accomplished if there were regulatory processes in place not only to replenish ATP as quickly as possible, but also to modulate the rate of ATP use when that rate threatens to exceed the rate of ATP replenishment, a situation that could lead to metabolic catastrophe. This paper proposes that there is a regulatory process or “peripheral go

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Little, James W., Kim Burchiel, and Paul Nutter. "Tremor and peripheral nerve entrapment." Journal of Neurosurgery 64, no. 1 (1986): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1986.64.1.0145.

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✓ A patient is described in whom pain, paresthesias, weakness, and resting tremor gradually developed 8 years after an ulnar nerve transposition. Electromyography revealed that the tremor occurred at 4 to 5 Hz, was abolished by voluntary muscle contraction, and was localized to ulnar-innervated muscles. Ulnar nerve conduction was focally slowed at the elbow; therefore, ulnar neurolysis was performed and a fusiform neuroma-in-continuity was found. Mechanically tapping the neuroma elicited repetitive discharges at 4 to 5 Hz in the intrinsic muscles of the hand; these discharges were abolished by

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4

Bond Jr., Vernon, Arthur T. Johnson, Paul Vaccaro, et al. "Lower Leg High-Intensity Resistance Training and Peripheral Hemodynamic Adaptations." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 21, no. 3 (1996): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h96-017.

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High-intensity resistance (HIR) training has been associated with muscle hypertrophy and decreased microvascular density that might produce a blood flow limitation. The effect of HIR training on lower leg maximal blood flow and minimum vascular resistance (Rmin) during reactive hyperemia were investigated in 7 healthy males. The gastrocnemius-soleus muscles of one leg were trained using maximal isokinetic concentric contractions for 4 weeks; the nontrained leg was the control. Lower leg blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. Lower leg muscle volume was determined using ma

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5

Bell, D. G., P. Tikuisis, and I. Jacobs. "Relative intensity of muscular contraction during shivering." Journal of Applied Physiology 72, no. 6 (1992): 2336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.6.2336.

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The intensity of cold-induced shivering, quantified by surface electromyography (EMG) and then expressed as a function of the maximal myoelectrical activity (integrated EMG) obtained during a maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), was examined in this study in individuals classified by body fat. In addition, the relationship between shivering and metabolic rate (MR) and the relative contribution of various muscle groups to total heat production were studied. Ten seminude male volunteers, 5 LEAN (less than 11% body fat) and 5 NORM (greater than 15% body fat) were exposed to 10 degrees C air for 2

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6

CARTER, A.-J., F. KRISTMUNDSDOTTIR, J. GILMOUR, and M. A. GLASBY. "Changes in Muscle Cytoarchitecture after Peripheral Nerve Injury and Repair." Journal of Hand Surgery 23, no. 3 (1998): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(98)80059-4.

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The aim of this study was to assess the changes which occurred in the rat in target muscles after the injury and repair of a specific peripheral nerve, using several clinically-appropriate surgical techniques. There were alterations in the size, shape, morphology and cytochemical architecture of the fibres of the target muscles. These changes were marked when transection and repair of the nerve was compared with the less-severe crush injury. The method of repair did not correlate significantly with the occurrence of changes in muscle cytoarchitecture. The results suggest that the extent of cel

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Gea, Joaquim, Alvar Agustí, and Josep Roca. "Pathophysiology of muscle dysfunction in COPD." Journal of Applied Physiology 114, no. 9 (2013): 1222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00981.2012.

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Muscle dysfunction often occurs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may involve both respiratory and locomotor (peripheral) muscles. The loss of strength and/or endurance in the former can lead to ventilatory insufficiency, whereas in the latter it limits exercise capacity and activities of daily life. Muscle dysfunction is the consequence of complex interactions between local and systemic factors, frequently coexisting in COPD patients. Pulmonary hyperinflation along with the increase in work of breathing that occur in COPD appear as the main contributing factors

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8

Grumbles, Robert M., Patrick Wood, Michelle Rudinsky, Anna M. Gomez, and Christine K. Thomas. "Muscle Reinnervation with Delayed or Immediate Transplant of Embryonic Ventral Spinal Cord Cells into Adult Rat Peripheral Nerve." Cell Transplantation 11, no. 3 (2002): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/096020198390003.

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Muscle denervation is common in various neuromuscular diseases and after trauma. It induces skeletal muscle atrophy. Only muscle reinnervation leads to functional recovery. In previous studies, denervated adult rat muscles were rescued by transplantation of embryonic day 14–15 (E14–15) ventral spinal cord cells into a nearby peripheral nerve. In the present study, changes were made in the environment into which the cells were placed to test whether reinnervation was improved by: 1) prior nerve degeneration, induced by sciatic nerve transection 1 week before cell transplantation; 2) transplanta

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9

Choe, Myoung-Ae, Kyung Hwa Kim, Gyeong Ju An, Kyung-Sook Lee, and Margaret Heitkemper. "Hindlimb Muscle Atrophy Occurs From Peripheral Nerve Damage in a Rat Neuropathic Pain Model." Biological Research For Nursing 13, no. 1 (2011): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800410382291.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of neuropathic pain produced by peripheral nerve damage on mass, myofibrillar protein content, and cross-sectional areas of Type I and II fibers of rat hindlimb muscles. Method: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of three groups: a pain group (n = 10) that underwent ligation and cut of the left L5 spinal nerve, a sham group (n = 10) that underwent a sham cut procedure, or a control group (n = 10) that underwent no procedures. The withdrawal threshold test was done to assess pain threshold on each of Days 1—7 and 14

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Kogo, Mikihiko, Munehiro Hamaguchi, and Tokuzo Matsuya. "Observation of Velopharyngeal Closure Patterns following Isolated Stimulation of Levator Veli Palatini and Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 33, no. 4 (1996): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1996_033_0273_oovcpf_2.3.co_2.

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This study, using mongrel dogs, showed the individual movements caused by the levator veli palatini muscle (LVP) and pharyngeal constrictor (PC) contraction, induced by electrical stimulation to each peripheral motor nerve. Each bilateral peripheral motor nerve of the LVP and PC muscles was isolated and stimulated electrically to induce the individual contraction of bilateral LVP and PC muscles. The movements were visualized by use of a fiberscope. Vertical movement of the middle soft palate was observed mainly at LVP contraction. Circular closure in the posterior region of the velopharynx was

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Suleymanova, A. K., and I. A. Baranova. "Evaluation of the relationship between the parameters of peripheral skeletal and respiratory muscles in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 92, no. 3 (2020): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2020.03.000448.

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of diseases with high levels of comorbidity. Pathological changes of peripheral skeletal and respiratory muscles in COPD patients, which are often underestimated, occupy a special place. Aim. To study the relationship between functional and quantitative parameters of the peripheral (limb muscle) and respiratory muscles in COPD patients. Materials and methods. 127 patients (98 men/29 women, mean age 67.68.2 years) were under observation without acute COPD. All COPD patients were classified according to GOLD (2019) into groups A

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Falabrègue, Marion, Anne-Claire Boschat, Romain Jouffroy, et al. "Lack of Skeletal Muscle Serotonin Impairs Physical Performance." International Journal of Tryptophan Research 14 (January 2021): 117864692110031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786469211003109.

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Low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin have been associated with the onset of depression. While traditional treatments include antidepressants, physical exercise has emerged as an alternative for patients with depressive disorders. Yet there remains the fundamental question of how exercise is sensed by the brain. The existence of a muscle–brain endocrine loop has been proposed: according to this scenario, exercise modulates metabolization of tryptophan into kynurenine within skeletal muscle, which in turn affects the brain, enhancing resistance to depression. But the breakdown of tryptop

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13

Carroll, T. J., J. L. Taylor, and S. C. Gandevia. "Recovery of central and peripheral neuromuscular fatigue after exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 122, no. 5 (2017): 1068–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00775.2016.

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Sustained physical exercise leads to a reduced capacity to produce voluntary force that typically outlasts the exercise bout. This “fatigue” can be due both to impaired muscle function, termed “peripheral fatigue,” and a reduction in the capacity of the central nervous system to activate muscles, termed “central fatigue.” In this review we consider the factors that determine the recovery of voluntary force generating capacity after various types of exercise. After brief, high-intensity exercise there is typically a rapid restitution of force that is due to recovery of central fatigue (typicall

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14

Khalil, C., J. F. Budzik, E. Kermarrec, V. Balbi, V. Le Thuc, and A. Cotten. "Tractography of peripheral nerves and skeletal muscles." European Journal of Radiology 76, no. 3 (2010): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.03.012.

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15

Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C., ML Cuadrado, L. Arendt-Nielsen, DG Simons, and JA Pareja. "Myofascial Trigger Points and Sensitization: An Updated Pain Model for Tension-Type Headache." Cephalalgia 27, no. 5 (2007): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01295.x.

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Present pain models for tension-type headache suggest that nociceptive inputs from peripheral tender muscles can lead to central sensitization and chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) conditions. Such models support that possible peripheral mechanisms leading to pericranial tenderness include activation or sensitization of nociceptive nerve endings by liberation of chemical mediators (bradikinin, serotonin, substance P). However, a study has found that nonspecific tender points in CTTH subjects were not responsible for liberation of algogenic substances in the periphery. Assuming that liberati

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Degens, Hans, Anne K. Swisher, Yvonne F. Heijdra, Parco M. Siu, P. N. Richard Dekhuijzen, and Stephen E. Alway. "Apoptosis and Id2 expression in diaphragm and soleus muscle from the emphysematous hamster." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 293, no. 1 (2007): R135—R144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00046.2007.

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During chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) diaphragm and peripheral muscle weakness occur. Muscle remodeling and wasting may be a result of apoptosis and changes in muscle-specific transcription factors, such as MyoD, altering muscle-specific gene transcription and muscle regenerative capacity. To investigate this, we instilled under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia porcine elastase in the lungs of hamsters to induce emphysema. The emphysematous hamster is an accepted model for COPD. In the diaphragm and peripheral muscles we assessed the occurrence of apoptosis, and in the diaphragm and

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17

Henderson, Adrienne D., A. Wayne Johnson, Lindsey G. Rasmussen, et al. "Early-Stage Diabetic Neuropathy Reduces Foot Strength and Intrinsic but Not Extrinsic Foot Muscle Size." Journal of Diabetes Research 2020 (March 12, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9536362.

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Background. Tracking progression of diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy (DPN) is usually focused on sensory nerves and subjective testing methods. Recent studies have suggested that distal muscle atrophy may precede sensation loss. Methods to objectively measure distal muscle size and strength are needed to help understand how neuropathy affects muscle function. Purpose. To evaluate individual intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscle sizes and functional foot strength in participants with DPN. Methods. Thirty individuals participated in this cross-sectional study (15 DPN and 15 matched controls). Si

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18

Bohnert, Kathryn L., Mary K. Hastings, David R. Sinacore, et al. "Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in Advanced Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy." Foot & Ankle International 41, no. 5 (2020): 536–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100720907035.

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Background: Decreased lean muscle mass in the lower extremity in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is thought to contribute to altered joint loading, immobility, and disability. However, the mechanism behind this loss is unknown and could derive from a reduction in size of myofibers (atrophy), destruction of myofibers (degeneration), or both. Degenerative changes require participation of muscle stem (satellite) cells to regenerate lost myofibers and restore lean mass. Determining the degenerative state and residual regenerative capacity of DPN muscle will inform the utility of regeneration-

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19

Piazza, S., G. Ricci, E. Caldarazzo Ienco, et al. "Pes cavus and hereditary neuropathies: when a relationship should be suspected." Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology 11, no. 4 (2010): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10195-010-0114-y.

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Abstract The hereditary peripheral neuropathies are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases of the peripheral nervous system. Foot deformities, including the common pes cavus, but also hammer toes and twisting of the ankle, are frequently present in patients with hereditary peripheral neuropathy, and often represent one of the first signs of the disease. Pes cavus in hereditary peripheral neuropathies is caused by imbalance between the intrinsic muscles of the foot and the muscles of the leg. Accurate clinical evaluation in patients with pes cavus is necessary to exclude o

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Murovic, Judith A. "UPPER-EXTREMITY PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURIES." Neurosurgery 65, suppl_4 (2009): A11—A17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000339130.90379.89.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE Data from three Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC) publications were summarized for median, radial, and ulnar nerve injuries. METHODS Lesion types, repair techniques, and outcomes were compared for 1837 upper-extremity nerve lesions. RESULTS Sharp laceration injury repair outcomes at various levels for median and radial nerves were equally good (91% each) and better than those for the ulnar nerve (73%). Secondary suture and graft repair outcomes were better for the median nerve (78% and 68%, respectively) than for the radial nerve (69% and 67%, respec

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Piponnier, Enzo, Vincent Martin, Bastien Bontemps, et al. "Child-adult differences in neuromuscular fatigue are muscle dependent." Journal of Applied Physiology 125, no. 4 (2018): 1246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00244.2018.

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The aim of the present study was to compare the development and etiology of neuromuscular fatigue of the knee extensor (KE) and plantar flexor (PF) muscles during repeated maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) between children and adults. Prepubertal boys ( n = 21; 9–11 yr) and men ( n = 24; 18–30 yr) performed two fatigue protocols consisting of a repetition of 5-s isometric MVIC of the KE or PF muscles interspersed with 5-s passive recovery periods until MVIC reached 60% of its initial value. The etiology of neuromuscular fatigue of the KE and PF muscles was investigated by means

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Grigg, Peter. "Peripheral Neural Mechanisms in Proprioception." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 3, no. 1 (1994): 2–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.3.1.2.

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Proprioception is the sense of position and movement of the limbs. The sense arises through activity in sensory neurons located in skin, muscles, and joint tissues. Proprioception appears to be a compound sense, relying on simultaneous activity in a number of types of afferent neurons. Position sense is largely mediated by activity in muscle afferent neurons. Afferent neurons originating in soft tissues of the joints contribute a sense of joint position only when the joint is rotated into a limit of its range of motion. Joint neurons have an important role in protecting the integrity of joints

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Connaughton, M. A., M. L. Fine, and M. H. Taylor. "The effects of seasonal hypertrophy and atrophy on fiber morphology, metabolic substrate concentration and sound characteristics of the weakfish sonic muscle." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 18 (1997): 2449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.18.2449.

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Male weakfish Cynoscion regalis possess highly specialized, bilateral, striated sonic muscles used in sound production associated with courtship. Androgen-driven hypertrophy of the muscles during the late spring spawning period results in a tripling of sonic muscle mass followed by post-spawning atrophy. This study examined the morphological and biochemical changes underlying seasonal changes in sonic muscle mass and the functional effects of these on contraction as measured by sound production. Sonic muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) increased significantly during the period of hypertro

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Gates, Peter. "5.3.5 Rule for examining the muscles of the upper limb." Postgraduate Medical Journal 95, no. 1127 (2019): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2019-136571.

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The current technique taught for examining the muscles of the upper limb does not differentiate between the various causes of weakness in the arm, in particular peripheral nerve and nerve root lesions. The 5.3.5 rule describes examining the muscles in a specific order: 5 at the shoulder, 3 at the elbow and 5 at the wrist and hand. The examiner records the number of the weak muscles. They then consult the tables to determine the cause of the weakness. This rule enables the diagnosis of all peripheral nerve and nerve root problems (radiculopathy) that cause weakness in the arm. It does not requi

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Fernandes, J. J., and H. Keshishian. "Nerve-muscle interactions during flight muscle development in Drosophila." Development 125, no. 9 (1998): 1769–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.125.9.1769.

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During Drosophila pupal metamorphosis, the motoneurons and muscles differentiate synchronously, providing an opportunity for extensive intercellular regulation during synapse formation. We examined the existence of such interactions by developmentally delaying or permanently eliminating synaptic partners during the formation of indirect flight muscles. When we experimentally delayed muscle development, we found that although adult-specific primary motoneuron branching still occurred, the higher order (synaptic) branching was suspended until the delayed muscle fibers reached a favourable develo

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Nayak, Soubhagya R., Suranjali Sharma, Hasi Dasgupta, and Kalyan Bhattacharya. "PRESENCE OF TRIPLE GANTZER'S MUSCLE - A RARE ANATOMICAL VARIATION." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 03, no. 01 (2013): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703638.

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AbstractAnomalous muscles usually do not result in adverse symptoms but are of academic interest. However, these muscles can create neurovascular compression at times. Muscle anomalies of the upper extremity are recognized causes of peripheral nerve disorder. Koloh-Nevin Syndrome (Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome) caused by the compression neuropathy of the anterior interosseous nerve in the forearm is believed to occur because of its compression by the accessory heads of flexor pollics longus (FPLah) and flexor digitorum profundus (FDPah). The above two accessory muscles are also called G

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Kadhim, Zahid M., and Meqat M. Alkhafaji. "The Role of Muscle Thickness and Echogenicity in the Diagnosis of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy." NeuroQuantology 19, no. 8 (2021): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2021.19.8.nq21121.

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Objectives: This study aims to find the thickness of muscles of lower limbs in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) along with echogenicity and applying these two findings in the diagnosis of the disease. Methods: This is a case-control study conducted in the clinical neurophysiology unit in Merjan medical city. It includes 73 patients diagnosed to have DPN based on characteristic history and physical examination and documented by nerve conduction study. These patients are matched to 73 control that has matched age and sex to the patient group. Patient and control are examined by

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Wolff, Gretchen, Marilyn J. Duncan, and Karyn A. Esser. "Chronic phase advance alters circadian physiological rhythms and peripheral molecular clocks." Journal of Applied Physiology 115, no. 3 (2013): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01139.2012.

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Shifting the onset of light, acutely or chronically, can profoundly affect responses to infection, tumor progression, development of metabolic disease, and mortality in mammals. To date, the majority of phase-shifting studies have focused on acute exposure to a shift in the timing of the light cycle, whereas the consequences of chronic phase shifts alone on molecular rhythms in peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle have not been studied. In this study, we tested the effect of chronic phase advance on the molecular clock mechanism in two phenotypically different skeletal muscles. The phase

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Stassijns, G., R. Lysens, and M. Decramer. "Peripheral and respiratory muscles in chronic heart failure." European Respiratory Journal 9, no. 10 (1996): 2161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.96.09102161.

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McNeal, D. R., and B. R. Bowman. "Selective activation of muscles using peripheral nerve electrodes." Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 23, no. 3 (1985): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02446866.

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Loeb, Gerald E., Frances J. R. Richmond, and Lucinda L. Baker. "The BION devices: injectable interfaces with peripheral nerves and muscles." Neurosurgical Focus 20, no. 5 (2006): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2006.20.5.3.

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Object The purpose of this study was to describe a novel technology for implantable neuromuscular stimulation to treat complications of paralysis and disuse atrophy, including shoulder subluxation, hand contractures, drop foot, and osteoarthritis. The authors review the results so far of several pilot clinical studies of these muscle stimulation devices. Methods Miniature wireless stimulators received power and individually addressed command signals from an external radiofrequency transmission coil. One or more implants were injected through a 12-gauge hypodermic insertion tool into muscles or

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Paxton, Roger J., Caitlin Feldman-Kothe, Megan K. Trabert, Leah N. Hitchcock, Raoul F. Reiser, and Brian L. Tracy. "Postural Steadiness and Ankle Force Variability in Peripheral Neuropathy." Motor Control 20, no. 3 (2016): 266–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mc.2014-0072.

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Introduction:The purpose was to determine the effect of peripheral neuropathy (PN) on motor output variability for ankle muscles of older adults, and the relation between ankle motor variability and postural stability in PN patients.Methods:Older adults with (O-PN) and without PN (O), and young adults (Y) underwent assessment of standing postural stability and ankle muscle force steadiness.Results:O-PN displayed impaired ankle muscle force control and postural stability compared with O and Y groups. For O-PN, the amplitude of plantarflexor force fluctuations was moderately correlated with post

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FITTON, A. R., M. S. BERRY, and A. D. McGREGOR. "Preservation of Denervated Muscle Form and Function by Clenbuterol in a Rat Model of Peripheral Nerve Injury." Journal of Hand Surgery 26, no. 4 (2001): 335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/jhsb.2001.0603.

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The effects of clenbuterol in preserving the form and function of muscle after unilateral sciatic nerve division and epineural repair were investigated in a rat model. The drug (a β2-adrenoceptor agonist) was administered daily for six weeks by gastric gavage (10 μg/kg body weight), interrupted every 5 days by a 2 day omission of dosing to avoid drug desensitization. Clenbuterol reduced the loss of wet weight, total protein, muscle fibre cross sectional area and (in part) contractile forces in denervated hindlimb muscles, with most effects lasting until reinnervation. The effects were dependen

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Manders, Emmy, Silvia Rain, Harm-Jan Bogaard, et al. "The striated muscles in pulmonary arterial hypertension: adaptations beyond the right ventricle." European Respiratory Journal 46, no. 3 (2015): 832–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02052-2014.

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Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal lung disease characterised by progressive remodelling of the small pulmonary vessels. The daily-life activities of patients with PAH are severely limited by exertional fatigue and dyspnoea. Typically, these symptoms have been explained by right heart failure. However, an increasing number of studies reveal that the impact of the PAH reaches further than the pulmonary circulation. Striated muscles other than the right ventricle are affected in PAH, such as the left ventricle, the diaphragm and peripheral skeletal muscles. Alterations in these str

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Rafuse, V. F., and T. Gordon. "Self-reinnervated cat medial gastrocnemius muscles. I. comparisons of the capacity for regenerating nerves to form enlarged motor units after extensive peripheral nerve injuries." Journal of Neurophysiology 75, no. 1 (1996): 268–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.1.268.

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1. The aims of this study are to determine 1) whether regenerating motor axons have the capacity to form enlarged motor units (MUs) in muscles reinnervated by few motoneurons and 2) whether the type of nerve injury, repair, and/or growth environment affects this capacity. 2. MU innervation ratio (IR) was estimated by measuring isometric unit tetanic force in reinnervated cat medial gastrocnemius muscles 3-16 mo after denervation by either 1) crushing its nerve, 2) transecting the nerve and suturing the proximal end to the distal stump (N-N suture), or 3) transecting the nerve and suturing the

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Ma, Tianrong, Tingting Liu, Dongmei Wu, and Changwei Li. "Hand Grip Strength And Peak Expiratory Flow Among Individuals With Diabetes: Findings From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study Baseline Survey." Clinical Nursing Research 28, no. 4 (2017): 502–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1054773817740547.

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The manifestation of muscle dysfunction associated with diabetes is commonly observed in skeletal muscles. The negative effect of hyperglycemia on muscle function is systemic and it may extend to abdominal muscles. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine whether hand grip strength (HGS), an indicator of peripheral muscle strength, correlates with peak expiratory flow (PEF), which reflects the strength of abdominal muscles, among middle-aged and older Chinese individuals with diabetes. After controlling for all variables except for physical activity, 10 L/min increase in PEF was assoc

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Wang, Hua, Bin Liu, and Jiyou Tang. "Characterization of Fasciculation Potentials (FPs) in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Peripheral Nerve Hyperexcitability Syndromes (PNH)." BioMed Research International 2021 (May 3, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6631664.

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This study is aimed at investigating the features of fasciculation potentials (FPs) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and peripheral nerve hyperexcitability syndromes (PNH). Needle electrophysiologic examination (EMG) was performed for 5-15 muscles in the ALS and PNH patients. The spontaneous activity of fasciculations and fibrillations/sharp-waves (fibs-sw) was recorded. The distribution, firing frequency, and waveform parameters of FPs in muscles were calculated and compared. In total, 361 muscles in ALS patients and 124 muscles in PNH patients were examined, with the FP detection rates

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Kucera, J., and J. M. Waldro. "Treatment with beta bungarotoxin blocks muscle spindle formation in fetal rats." Development 110, no. 2 (1990): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.110.2.483.

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Sensory and motor fibers of peripheral nerves were irreversibly destroyed in fetal rats by administering beta bungarotoxin (BTX) on embryonic day 16 or 17, after assembly of primary myotubes, but before the formation of muscle spindles. Soleus muscles of toxin-treated fetuses and their untreated littermates were removed just prior to birth and were examined by light microscopy of serial transverse sections for the presence of spindles and immunocytochemical expression of several isoforms of myosin heavy chains (MHC). Untreated muscles exhibited numerous spindles that were innervated by branche

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Yasuma, F., R. J. Kimoff, L. F. Kozar, S. J. England, T. D. Bradley, and E. A. Phillipson. "Abdominal muscle activation by respiratory stimuli in conscious dogs." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 1 (1993): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.1.16.

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The responses of the diaphragm, external oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles to hyperoxic hypercapnia and isocapnic hypoxia were studied in four awake dogs to test the hypothesis that central and peripheral chemoreceptor inputs result in different patterns of respiratory muscle activation. The dogs were trained to lie quietly in place, and electromyographic (EMG) discharges of the diaphragm (EMGdi), external oblique (EMGeo), and transversus abdominis (EMGta) were recorded from chronically implanted electrodes. Both hypercapnia and hypoxia recruited EMGeo and EMGta activity, but at compa

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Binder, Marc D. "Symposium Changing perspectives on the functional organization of the segmental motor system." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 64, no. 4 (1986): 495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y86-080.

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Results from a wide variety of recent studies on the architecture and innervation of skeletal muscles, the neuromechanical characteristics of motor units, and the properties and spinal reflex actions of muscle proprioceptors present a number of challenges to conventional views of the functional organization of the segmental motor system. To illustrate the nature of these challenges, studies directed toward several specific issues are reviewed. These include the functional subdivision of single muscles into two or more neuromuscular compartments; the patterns of synaptic input from peripheral a

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Bohnert, Kathryn L., Mary K. Hastings, David R. Sinacore, et al. "Defining the Cellular Basis for Poor Muscle Performance in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 4, no. 4 (2019): 2473011419S0011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011419s00112.

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Category: Diabetes Introduction/Purpose: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a major contributor to physical disability. For individuals with T2DM that develop diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), progression to disability is accelerated, driven by declines in lower extremity strength, altered gait, foot deformity and amputation. Pathology of foot and calf muscles is thought to drive early strength losses, making muscle an attractive therapeutic target. However, a lack of cell-level data has held back targeted interventions as the underlying processes remain poorly defined. In this work, we ch

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Salvadori, C., C. L. Tartarelli, M. Baroni, A. Mizisin, and C. Cantile. "Peripheral Nerve Pathology in Two Rottweilers with Neuronal Vacuolation and Spinocerebellar Degeneration." Veterinary Pathology 42, no. 6 (2005): 852–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.42-6-852.

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Neuronal vacuolation and spinocerebellar degeneration in young Rottweiler dogs is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by neuronal vacuolation of several nuclei in the central nervous system and degeneration of the spinal cord white matter. Here, we describe the morphologic and ultrastructural findings in laryngeal muscles and peripheral nerves of a 16-week-old female and a 32-week-old female Rottweiler dog affected by progressive ataxia and tetraparesis associated with laryngeal paralysis. Lesions were characterized by neurogenic muscle atrophy of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles, and a

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Cairns, Brian E., Barry J. Sessle, and James W. Hu. "Activation of Peripheral GABAA Receptors Inhibits Temporomandibular Joint–Evoked Jaw Muscle Activity." Journal of Neurophysiology 81, no. 4 (1999): 1966–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.81.4.1966.

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Activation of peripheral GABAA receptors inhibits temporomandibular joint–evoked jaw muscle activity. We have previously shown that injection of mustard oil or glutamate into rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) tissues, an experimental model of acute TMJ injury, can reflexly induce a prolonged increase in the activity of both digastric (jaw-opener) and masseter (jaw-closer) muscles. In this study, GABA was applied to the TMJ region by itself or in combination with glutamate, and the magnitude of evoked jaw muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity was measured. Application of GABA alone to the TMJ

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Rungta, Satya, Debaleena Basu, Naveen Sendhilnathan, and Aditya Murthy. "Preparatory activity links the frontal eye field response with small amplitude motor unit recruitment of neck muscles during gaze planning." Journal of Neurophysiology 126, no. 2 (2021): 451–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00141.2021.

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This study shows that the temporal aspects of a motor plan in the oculomotor circuitry can be accessed by peripheral neck muscles hundreds of milliseconds before the instruction to initiate a saccadic eye movement. The coupling between central and peripheral processes during the delay time is mediated by the recruitment pattern of motor units with smaller amplitude. These findings suggest that information processed in cortical areas could be read from periphery before execution.

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Iwamoto, G. A., and B. R. Botterman. "Peripheral factors influencing expression of pressor reflex evoked by muscular contraction." Journal of Applied Physiology 58, no. 5 (1985): 1676–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.58.5.1676.

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The effect of evoked muscle tension, active muscle mass, and fiber-type composition on the pressor reflex evoked by muscular contraction was examined in decerebrate and anesthetized cats. Muscular contraction was induced by stimulating the L7 and S1 ventral roots with 0.1-ms duration pulses three times motor threshold at various frequencies. The experiments were designed to isolate the variable under study as much as possible and included the use of selectively denervated preparations to limit contractions to specific muscles. It was found that altering the evoked tension by varying the restin

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Yang, H. T., Y. Feng, Laura A. Allen, Andrew Protter, and Ronald L. Terjung. "Efficacy and specificity of bFGF increased collateral flow in experimental peripheral arterial insufficiency." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 278, no. 6 (2000): H1966—H1973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2000.278.6.h1966.

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Angiogenic growth factors could prove to be useful in managing peripheral arterial insufficiency. The present study was designed to evaluate the dose response of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), the efficacy of critical routes and dosing regimens, and the specificity of action in rats with peripheral arterial insufficiency. Bilateral ligation of femoral arteries greatly reduces blood flow capacity to the calf muscles but does not impair resting flow needs. Collateral blood flow to calf muscles was determined 16 days postocclusion, during treadmill running, with 85Sr and 141Ce microsphere

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Armstrong, R. B., and M. H. Laughlin. "Metabolic indicators of fibre recruitment in mammalian muscles during locomotion." Journal of Experimental Biology 115, no. 1 (1985): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.115.1.201.

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Fast-twitch-oxidative-glycolytic (FOG), fast-twitch-glycolytic (FG) and slow-twitch-oxidative (SO) fibres are distributed within and among physiological extensor muscles in mammals in predictable patterns. Deep muscles and the deep portions of extensor muscles are primarily composed of SO and FOG fibres, and the more peripheral portions of the muscles have higher concentrations of FG fibres. During terrestrial locomotion, the fibres are recruited in this same general order from postural standing through high speed running to jumping (i.e. during standing deep SO fibres are active and during lo

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Carpintero, P., J. Kindelan, R. Montero, and A. Carpintero. "Primary Hydatidosis of the Peripheral Muscles: Treatment with Albendazole." Clinical Infectious Diseases 24, no. 1 (1997): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/24.1.85.

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Ahdab, Rechdi, Wassim H. Farhat, Moussa A. Chalah, Philippe Kerschen, Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur, and Samar S. Ayache. "Central and peripheral motor drive to the palatal muscles." Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology 46, no. 1 (2016): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2015.12.005.

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Hilton, Tiffany N., Lori J. Tuttle, Kathryn L. Bohnert, Michael J. Mueller, and David R. Sinacore. "Excessive Adipose Tissue Infiltration in Skeletal Muscle in Individuals With Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, and Peripheral Neuropathy: Association With Performance and Function." Physical Therapy 88, no. 11 (2008): 1336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20080079.

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Background and Purpose The primary purpose of this study was to report differences in calf intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), muscle strength (peak torque), power, and physical function in individuals with obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), and peripheral neuropathy (PN) compared with those without these impairments. A secondary purpose was to assess the relationship between IMAT and muscle strength, power, and physical function. Subjects and Methods Six participants with obesity, DM, and PN (2 women, 4 men; mean age=58 years, SD=10; mean body mass index=36.3, SD=5; mean modified Physical Perf

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