Academic literature on the topic 'Permafrost landscapes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Permafrost landscapes"
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Baskakova, A. I. "Using the theory of landscape studies to assess the distribution of different types of riverbeds in the Arctic zone." Arctic and Antarctic Research 70, no. 2 (2024): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2024-70-2-174-184.
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The paper presents an assessment of the distribution of riverbed types in homogeneous landscape areas of the Arctic zone located in various permafrost conditions. The Arctic territories of the Komi Republic, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Yakutia, the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug are considered. For the first time, a distribution scheme of riverbed types for the middle rivers of the Russian Arctic regions has been compiled, based on a typification developed for permafrost conditions. The analysis showed that tundra landscapes are characterized by a greater distribution of unlimited alluvial rivers, compared with taiga landscapes. There is also a low proportion of orographic low-flows channels in permafrost conditions. Orographic flood channels are not typical of landscapes of Eastern European groups and are found in Siberian landscape groups, which is explained by the combined influence of limiting conditions and types of permafrost. There is an increase in limited alluvial channels from Arctic tundra landscapes to landscapes to those of taiga groups. As a result of the assessment, it is shown that the shape of riverbeds is influenced by permafrost, determining the nature of riverbed formation in the region.
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Shestakova, A. A. "Mapping patterns of distribution and modern conditions of permafrost landscapes in Yakutia." Geoinformatika, no. 4 (2020): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47148/1609-364x-2020-4-52-62.
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Digital thematic maps of the modern condition of permafrost landscapes of Yakutia on a scale of 1:1 500 000 have been compiled. A quantitative analysis of the patterns of their spatial distribution was carried out, the differentiation of permafrost landscapes by geocryological characteristics was made, and the areas that are most vulnerable to modern climate change and anthropogenic impacts were identified. The analysis of a series of digital thematic maps of the modern condition of permafrost landscapes in Yakutia showed that 34% of the total territory is occupied by landscapes with soil temperatures from −2 to −4 °C, the least common high-temperature permafrost landscapes (from 0 to −2 °C) – about 4% of the territory. Landscapes with active layer thickness values of about 1 m are spread over 36% of the territory, which is the highest indicator. Insignificant territories (up to 3%) are occupied by landscapes with active layer thickness of up to 3 and 3,5 m. The most widespread landscapes are those with low-ice deposits (less than 0,2) – 38,7%, and landscapes with heavy-ice deposits (more than 0,4) occupy 31%. The most dangerous process is thermokarst, which occurs in the interalassic and slightly drained types of terrain. Key words: permafrost landscape, temperature of soils, ice content of deposits, cryogenic processes, digital maps, GIS model.
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Fedorov, Alexander N. "Permafrost Landscapes: Classification and Mapping." Geosciences 9, no. 11 (2019): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9110468.
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Permafrost landscapes occupy 25% of the world’s land area. The formation, dynamics, and evolution of these landscapes are greatly controlled by permafrost processes and thus require special approaches to classification and mapping. Alases, pingoes, edoma, thermokarst mounds, stone streams, low-centre polygonal tundra, and other surface features are associated with the presence of permafrost. Permafrost degradation and greenhouse gas emission due to global climate warming are among the major potential dangers facing the world. Improvements in knowledge about permafrost landscapes are therefore increasingly important. This special issue, titled “Permafrost Landscapes: Classification and Mapping”, presents articles on classification, mapping, monitoring, and stability assessment of permafrost landscapes, providing an overview of current work in the most important areas of cold regions research.
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М.Н., ЖЕЛЕЗНЯК, та ФЕДОРОВ А.Н. "УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ ПРИРОДНЫХ СИСТЕМ И ИНЖЕНЕРНЫХ СООРУЖЕНИЙ В АРКТИКЕ И СУБАРКТИКЕ". ЭКОНОМИКА ВОСТОКА РОССИИ, № 1(12) (20 листопада 2020): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25801/src.2020.73.31.017.
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в последние три десятилетия в связи с современными изменениями климата и антропогенными нарушениями на территории Якутии происходит активизация криогенных процессов, которые негативно отражаются в ландшафтах и социально-экономической сфере в области вечной мерзлоты. Оценка современного состояния и тенденций развития мерзлотных ландшафтов Якутии в условиях глобального изменения климата и их влияние на устойчивость инженерных сооружений являются важной задачей для развивающихся районов Арктики и Субарктики России. Сильнольдистые криогенные ландшафты, занимающие около 30 % территории Якутии, в условиях современного потепления климата находятся в критическом состоянии. Результаты полевых наблюдений показывают, что любое антропогенное воздействие может привести к деградации вечной мерзлоты и ухудшению социально-экономической ценности этих ландшафтов. С этими ландшафтами в Якутии связаны наиболее населенные территории – аласные районы. Поэтому проблема изучения тенденций развития криогенных ландшафтов имеет не только экологическую, но и социально-экономическую, культурную и историческую актуальность. Current climatic changes and anthropogenic disturbances have intensified the development of permafrost-related processes in Yakutia during the last two decades, adversely affecting the landscapes and socio-economic conditions in this permafrost region. The main purpose of this paper is to assess the current state and trends in permafrost landscapes in Yakutia under global climate change. It provides a review of the current scientific literature, as well as analysis of field observations at monitoring sites of the Melnikov Permafrost Institute. The ice-rich permafrost landscapes which occupy about 25 % of Yakutia are in a critical condition under the current climate warming. The results of field observations show that any anthropogenic impact can lead to permafrost degradation and deterioration of the socio-economic value of these landscapes. Alases, which are related to these landscapes, are the most populated areas in Yakutia. Understanding the trends in permafrost-landscape dynamics has therefore not only ecological, but also socio-economic, cultural and historical importance. KEY WORDS: global warming, air temperature, permafrost landscape, engineering structures, Yakutia.
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Zakharov, Moisei, Sébastien Gadal, Jūratė Kamičaitytė, Mikhail Cherosov, and Elena Troeva. "Distribution and Structure Analysis of Mountain Permafrost Landscape in Orulgan Ridge (Northeast Siberia) Using Google Earth Engine." Land 11, no. 8 (2022): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081187.
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An analysis of the landscape spatial structure and diversity in the mountain ranges of Northeast Siberia is essential to assess how tundra and boreal landscapes may respond to climate change and anthropogenic impacts in the vast mountainous permafrost of the Arctic regions. In addition, a precise landscape map is required for knowledge-based territorial planning and management. In this article, we aimed to explore and enhanced methods to analyse and map the permafrost landscape in Orulgan Ridge. The Google Earth Engine cloud platform was used to generate vegetation cover maps based on multi-fusion classification of Sentinel 2 MSI and Landsat 8 OLI time series data. Phenological features based on the monthly median values of time series Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) were used to recognize geobotanical units according to the hierarchical concept of permafrost landscapes by the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. In addition, geomorphological variables of megarelief (mountains and river valleys) were identified using the GIS-based terrain analysis and landform classification of the ASTER GDEM scenes mosaic. The resulting environmental variables made it possible to categorize nine classes of mountain permafrost landscapes. The result obtained was compared with previous permafrost landscape maps, which revealed a significant difference in distribution and spatial structure of intrazonal valleys and mountain tundra landscapes. Analysis of the landscape structure revealed a significant distribution of classes of mountain Larix-sparse forests and tundra. Landscape diversity was described by six longitudinal and latitudinal landscape hypsometric profiles. River valleys allow boreal–taiga landscapes to move up to high-mountainous regions. The features of the landscape structure and diversity of the ridge are noted, which, along with the specific spatial organization of vegetation and relief, can be of key importance for environmental monitoring and the study of regional variability of climatic changes.
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Fedorov, Nikolai A., and Aliona A. Shestakova. "Current State of Permafrost Landscapes of the Prilensky Plateau." Geoinformatika, no. 1 (March 27, 2023): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47148/1609-364x-2023-1-71-78.
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The article presents the results of studying the structure of permafrost landscapes in the area of discontinuous distribution of permafrost soils in large-scale mapping. The actual material was collected by the authors in the course of research and field work on the Power of Siberia project. Maps of terrain types, types of vegetation and a permafrost-landscape map of the key area "Mezhalasie" were compiled. Natural territorial complexes in the area of survey were systematized. The features of the permafrost landscapes distribution were studied, their differentiation was carried out, and the area of icy soils distribution was calculated.
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Fedorov, Alexander N. "Permafrost Landscape Research in the Northeast of Eurasia." Earth 3, no. 1 (2022): 460–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/earth3010028.
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The results of permafrost landscape studies on northeastern Eurasia are presented in this review. The assessment of permafrost vulnerability to disturbances and global warming was the basis for the development of these studies. The permafrost landscape, considering the morphological features of the landscape and the permafrost together, is a timely object of study. The theoretical developments of Soviet physical geographers and landscape scientists are the basis for permafrost landscape studies. Over the past four decades, numerous permafrost landscape studies have been carried out on northeastern Eurasia (and Russia). Considering the results of these studies is the main objective of this article. The analysis of the problems of permafrost landscape identification, classification, and mapping and the study of their dynamics and evolution after disturbances and long-term development were carried out. Permafrost landscape studies employ the research methods of landscape science and geocryology. Environmental protection and adaptation of socioeconomic conditions to modern climate warming will determine the prospects for studying permafrost landscapes.
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Oblogov, Gleb E., Alexander A. Vasiliev, Dmitry A. Streletskiy, Nikolay I. Shiklomanov, and Kelsey E. Nyland. "Localized Vegetation, Soil Moisture, and Ice Content Offset Permafrost Degradation under Climate Warming." Geosciences 13, no. 5 (2023): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13050129.
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Rapid Arctic warming is expected to result in widespread permafrost degradation. However, observations show that site-specific conditions (vegetation and soils) may offset the reaction of permafrost to climate change. This paper summarizes 43 years of interannual seasonal thaw observations from tundra landscapes surrounding the Marre-Sale on the west coast of the Yamal Peninsula, northwest Siberia. This robust dataset includes landscape-specific climate, active layer thickness, soil moisture, and vegetation observations at multiple scales. Long-term trends from these hierarchically scaled observations indicate that drained landscapes exhibit the most pronounced responses to changing climatic conditions, while moist and wet tundra landscapes exhibit decreasing active layer thickness, and river floodplain landscapes do not show changes in the active layer. The slow increase in seasonal thaw depth despite significant warming observed over the last four decades on the Yamal Peninsula can be explained by thickening moss covers and ground surface subsidence as the transient layer (ice-rich upper permafrost soil horizon) thaws and compacts. The uneven proliferation of specific vegetation communities, primarily mosses, is significantly contributing to spatial variability observed in active layer dynamics. Based on these findings, we recommend that regional permafrost assessments employ a mean landscape-scale active layer thickness that weights the proportions of different landscape types.
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Chen, Yating, Aobo Liu, and Xiao Cheng. "Landsat-Based Monitoring of Landscape Dynamics in Arctic Permafrost Region." Journal of Remote Sensing 2022 (April 29, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9765087.
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Ice-rich permafrost thaws as a result of Arctic warming, and the land surface collapses to form characteristic thermokarst landscapes. Thermokarst landscapes can bring instability to the permafrost layer, affecting regional geomorphology, hydrology, and ecology and may further lead to permafrost degradation and greenhouse gas emissions. Field observations in permafrost regions are often limited, while satellite imagery provides a valuable record of land surface dynamics. Currently, continuous monitoring of regional-scale thermokarst landscape dynamics and disturbances remains a challenging task. In this study, we combined the Theil–Sen estimator with the LandTrendr algorithm to create a process flow for monitoring thermokarst landscape dynamics in Arctic permafrost region on the Google Earth Engine platform. A robust linear trend analysis of the Landsat Tasseled Cap index time series based on the Theil–Sen estimator and Mann–Kendall test showed the overall trends in greenness, wetness, and brightness in northern Alaska over the past 20 years. Six types of disturbances that occur in thermokarst landscape were demonstrated and highlighted, including long-term processes (thermokarst lake expansion, shoreline retreat, and river erosion) and short-term events (thermokarst lake drainage, wildfires, and abrupt vegetation change). These disturbances are widespread throughout the Arctic permafrost region and represent hotspots of abrupt permafrost thaw in a warming context, which would destabilize fragile thermokarst landscapes rich in soil organic carbon and affect the ecological carbon balance. The cases we present provide a basis for understanding and quantifying specific disturbance analyses that will facilitate the integration of thermokarst processes into climate models.
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Fedorov, Alexander, Nikolay Vasilyev, Yaroslav Torgovkin, et al. "Permafrost-Landscape Map of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) on a Scale 1:1,500,000." Geosciences 8, no. 12 (2018): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8120465.
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The history of permafrost landscape map compilation is related to the study of ecological problems with permafrost. Permafrost-landscape studies are now widely used in geocryological mapping. Permafrost-landscape classifications and mapping are necessary for studying the trends in development of the natural environment in northern and high-altitude permafrost regions. The cryogenic factor in the permafrost zone plays a leading role in the differentiation of landscapes, so it must be considered during classification construction. In this study, a map’s special content was developed using publications about Yakutian nature, archive sources from academic institutes, the interpretation of satellite images, and special field studies. Overlays of 20 types of terrain, identified by geological and geomorphological features, and 36 types of plant groupings, allowed the systematization of permafrost temperature and active layer thickness in 145 landscape units with relatively homogeneous permafrost-landscape conditions in the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. This map serves as a basis for applied thematic maps related to the assessment and forecast of permafrost changes during climate warming and anthropogenic impacts.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Permafrost landscapes"
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Nitzbon, Jan. "Modelling the Evolution of Ice-rich Permafrost Landscapes in Response to a Warming Climate." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22175.
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Permafrost ist ein Bestandteil der Kryosphäre der Erde, der für Ökosysteme und Infrastruktur in der Arktis von Bedeutung ist und auch eine Schlüsselrolle im globalen Kohlenstoffkreislauf einnimmt. Das Auftauen von Permafrost infolge einer Klimaerwärmung zu projizieren ist mit sehr großen Unsicherheiten behaftet, da großskalige Klimamodelle entscheidende Komplexitäten von Permafrostlandschaften nicht berücksichtigen. Insbesondere bleiben in diesen Modellen Auftauprozesse in eisreichem Permafrost unberücksichtigt, welche weitreichende Landschaftsveränderungen – sogenannter Thermokarst – hervorrufen.
Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation habe ich ein numerisches Modell entwickelt, um Auftauprozesse in eisreichen Permafrostlandschaften zu untersuchen, und habe es angewendet, um verbesserte Projektionen darüber zu erhalten, wie viel Permafrost infolge einer Klimaerwärmung auftauen würde. Der Schwerpunkt meiner Forschung lag auf besonders kalten, eis- und kohlenstoffreichen Permafrostablagerungen in der nordostsibirischen Arktis. In drei Forschungsartikeln habe ich gezeigt, dass der neuartige Modellierungsansatz in From von lateral gekoppelten “Kacheln” verwendet werden kann, um die Entwicklung von eisreichen Permafrostlandschaften realistisch zu simulieren. Anhand numerischer Simulationen habe ich gezeigt, dass der kleinskalige laterale Transport von Wärme, Wasser, Schnee und Sediment die Dynamik von Permafrostlandschaften sowie die Menge des aufgetauten Permafrosts unter Klimaerwärmungsszenarien entscheidend beeinflusst. Weiterhin habe ich gezeigt, dass in Simulationen, die Thermokarstprozesse berücksichtigen, wesentlich mehr Kohlenstoff vom Auftauen des Permafrosts betroffen ist, als in solchen, in denen eisreiche Ablagerungen unberücksichtigt bleiben. Insgesamt stellt die in dieser Dissertation dargelegte Forschungsarbeit einen substantiellen Fortschritt bezüglich einer realistischeren Einschätzung der Dynamik eisreicher Permafrostlandschaften mittels numerischer Modelle dar.<br>Permafrost is a component of Earth's cryosphere which is of importance for ecosystems and infrastructure in the Arctic, and plays a key role in the global carbon cycle. Large-scale climate models reveal high uncertainties in projections of how much permafrost would thaw in response to climate warming scenarios, since they do not represent key complexities of permafrost environments. In particular, large-scale models do not take into account thaw processes in ice-rich permafrost which cause widespread landscape change referred to as thermokarst.
For this thesis, I have developed a numerical model to investigate thaw processes in ice-rich permafrost landscapes, and I have used it to obtain improved projections of how much permafrost would thaw in response to climate warming. The focus of my research was on cold, ice- and carbon-rich permafrost deposits in the northeast Siberian Arctic, and on landscapes characterized by ice-wedge polygons. In three closely interrelated research articles, I have demonstrated that the novel modelling approach of laterally coupled ''tiles'' can be used to realistically simulate the evolution of ice-rich permafrost landscapes. The numerical simulations have revealed that small-scale lateral transport of heat, water, snow, and sediment crucially affect the dynamics of permafrost landscapes and how much permafrost would thaw under climate warming scenarios. My research revealed that substantially more permafrost carbon is affected by thaw in numerical simulations which take into account thermokarst processes, than in simulations which lack a representation of excess ice. These results suggest that conventional large-scale models used for future climate projections might considerably underestimate permafrost thaw and associated carbon-cycle feedbacks. Overall, the research presented in this thesis constitutes a major progress towards the realistic assessment of ice-rich permafrost landscape dynamics using numerical models.
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Morgenstern, Anne. "Thermokarst and thermal erosion : degradation of Siberian ice-rich permafrost." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/6207/.
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Current climate warming is affecting arctic regions at a faster rate than the rest of the world. This has profound effects on permafrost that underlies most of the arctic land area. Permafrost thawing can lead to the liberation of considerable amounts of greenhouse gases as well as to significant changes in the geomorphology, hydrology, and ecology of the corresponding landscapes, which may in turn act as a positive feedback to the climate system. Vast areas of the east Siberian lowlands, which are underlain by permafrost of the Yedoma-type Ice Complex, are particularly sensitive to climate warming because of the high ice content of these permafrost deposits.
Thermokarst and thermal erosion are two major types of permafrost degradation in periglacial landscapes. The associated landforms are prominent indicators of climate-induced environmental variations on the regional scale. Thermokarst lakes and basins (alasses) as well as thermo-erosional valleys are widely distributed in the coastal lowlands adjacent to the Laptev Sea. This thesis investigates the spatial distribution and morphometric properties of these degradational features to reconstruct their evolutionary conditions during the Holocene and to deduce information on the potential impact of future permafrost degradation under the projected climate warming. The methodological approach is a combination of remote sensing, geoinformation, and field investigations, which integrates analyses on local to regional spatial scales.
Thermokarst and thermal erosion have affected the study region to a great extent. In the Ice Complex area of the Lena River Delta, thermokarst basins cover a much larger area than do present thermokarst lakes on Yedoma uplands (20.0 and 2.2 %, respectively), which indicates that the conditions for large-area thermokarst development were more suitable in the past. This is supported by the reconstruction of the development of an individual alas in the Lena River Delta, which reveals a prolonged phase of high thermokarst activity since the Pleistocene/Holocene transition that created a large and deep basin. After the drainage of the primary thermokarst lake during the mid-Holocene, permafrost aggradation and degradation have occurred in parallel and in shorter alternating stages within the alas, resulting in a complex thermokarst landscape. Though more dynamic than during the first phase, late Holocene thermokarst activity in the alas was not capable of degrading large portions of Pleistocene Ice Complex deposits and substantially altering the Yedoma relief. Further thermokarst development in existing alasses is restricted to thin layers of Holocene ice-rich alas sediments, because the Ice Complex deposits underneath the large primary thermokarst lakes have thawed completely and the underlying deposits are ice-poor fluvial sands. Thermokarst processes on undisturbed Yedoma uplands have the highest impact on the alteration of Ice Complex deposits, but will be limited to smaller areal extents in the future because of the reduced availability of large undisturbed upland surfaces with poor drainage. On Kurungnakh Island in the central Lena River Delta, the area of Yedoma uplands available for future thermokarst development amounts to only 33.7 %. The increasing proximity of newly developing thermokarst lakes on Yedoma uplands to existing degradational features and other topographic lows decreases the possibility for thermokarst lakes to reach large sizes before drainage occurs.
Drainage of thermokarst lakes due to thermal erosion is common in the study region, but thermo-erosional valleys also provide water to thermokarst lakes and alasses. Besides these direct hydrological interactions between thermokarst and thermal erosion on the local scale, an interdependence between both processes exists on the regional scale. A regional analysis of extensive networks of thermo-erosional valleys in three lowland regions of the Laptev Sea with a total study area of 5,800 km² found that these features are more common in areas with higher slopes and relief gradients, whereas thermokarst development is more pronounced in flat lowlands with lower relief gradients. The combined results of this thesis highlight the need for comprehensive analyses of both, thermokarst and thermal erosion, in order to assess past and future impacts and feedbacks of the degradation of ice-rich permafrost on hydrology and climate of a certain region.<br>Die gegenwärtige Klimaerwärmung wirkt sich auf arktische Regionen stärker aus als auf andere Gebiete der Erde. Das hat weitreichende Konsequenzen für Permafrost, der weite Teile der terrestrischen Arktis unterlagert. Das Tauen von Permafrost kann zur Freisetzung erheblicher Mengen an Treibhausgasen sowie zu gravierenden Änderungen in der Geomorphologie, Hydrologie und Ökologie betroffener Landschaften führen, was wiederum als positive Rückkopplung auf das Klimasystem wirken kann. Ausgedehnte Gebiete der ostsibirischen Tiefländer, die mit Permafrost des Yedoma Eiskomplex unterlagert sind, gelten aufgrund des hohen Eisgehalts dieser Permafrostablagerungen als besonders empfindlich gegenüber Klimaerwärmungen.
Thermokarst und Thermoerosion sind zwei Hauptformen der Permafrostdegradation in periglazialen Landschaften. Die zugehörigen Landschaftsformen sind auf der regionalen Skala bedeutende Indikatoren klimainduzierter Umweltvariationen. Thermokarstseen und senken (Alasse) sowie Thermoerosionstäler sind in den Küstentiefländern der Laptewsee weit verbreitet. Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht die räumliche Verbreitung und die morphometrischen Eigenschaften dieser Degradationsformen mit dem Ziel, ihre Entwicklungsbedingungen während des Holozäns zu rekonstruieren und Hinweise auf potenzielle Auswirkungen zukünftiger Permafrostdegradation im Zuge der erwarteten Klimaerwärmung abzuleiten. Der methodische Ansatz ist eine Kombination aus Fernerkundungs-, Geoinformations- und Geländeuntersuchungen, die Analysen auf lokalen bis regionalen räumlichen Skalen integriert.
Thermokarst und Thermoerosion haben die Untersuchungsregion tiefgreifend geprägt. Im Eiskomplexgebiet des Lena-Deltas nehmen Thermokarstsenken eine weitaus größere Fläche ein als Thermokarstseen auf Yedoma-Hochflächen (20,0 bzw. 2,2 %), was darauf hin deutet, dass die Bedingungen für die Entwicklung von großflächigem Thermokarst in der Vergangenheit wesentlich günstiger waren als heute. Die Rekonstruktion der Entwicklung eines einzelnen Alas im Lena-Delta belegt eine andauernde Phase hoher Thermokarstaktivität seit dem Übergang vom Pleistozän zum Holozän, die zur Entstehung einer großen und tiefen Senke führte. Nach der Drainage des primären Thermokarstsees im mittleren Holozän erfolgten Permafrostaggradation und degradation parallel und in kürzeren abwechselnden Etappen innerhalb des Alas und führten zu einer komplexen Thermokarstlandschaft. Trotzdem die spätholozäne Thermokarstentwicklung im Alas dynamischer ablief als die erste Entwicklungsphase, resultierte sie nicht in der Degradation großer Teile pleistozäner Eiskomplexablagerungen und einer wesentlichen Veränderung des Yedoma-Reliefs. Weitere Thermokarstentwicklung in bestehenden Alassen ist begrenzt auf geringmächtige Lagen holozäner eisreicher Alas-Sedimente, da die Eiskomplexablagerungen unter den großen primären Thermokarstseen vollständig getaut waren und die unterlagernden Sedimente aus eisarmen, fluvialen Sanden bestehen. Thermokarstprozesse auf ungestörten Yedoma-Hochflächen wirken am stärksten verändernd auf Eiskomplexablagerungen, werden aber in Zukunft auf geringere Ausmaße begrenzt sein, da die Verfügbarkeit großer ungestörter, schwach drainierter Yedoma-Hochflächen abnimmt. Auf der Insel Kurungnakh im zentralen Lena-Delta beträgt der für zukünftige Thermokarstentwicklung verfügbare Anteil an Yedoma-Hochflächen nur 33,7 %. Die zunehmende Nähe von sich entwickelnden Thermokarstseen auf Yedoma-Hochflächen zu bestehenden Degradationsstrukturen und anderen negativen Reliefformen verringert die Möglichkeit der Thermokarstseen, große Ausmaße zu erreichen bevor sie drainieren.
Die Drainage von Thermokarstseen durch Thermoerosion ist in der Untersuchungsregion weit verbreitet, aber Thermoerosionstäler versorgen Thermokarstseen und –senken auch mit Wasser. Neben diesen direkten hydrologischen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Thermokarst und Thermoerosion auf der lokalen Ebene existiert auch eine Interdependenz zwischen beiden Prozessen auf der regionalen Ebene. Eine regionale Analyse weitreichender Netze von Thermoerosionstälern in drei Tieflandgebieten der Laptewsee mit einer Fläche von insgesamt 5800 km² zeigte, dass diese Formen häufiger in Gebieten mit höheren Geländeneigungen und Reliefgradienten auftreten, während Thermokarstentwicklung stärker in flachen Tiefländern mit geringeren Reliefgradienten ausgeprägt ist. Die kombinierten Ergebnisse dieser Dissertation zeigen die Notwendigkeit von umfassenden Analysen beider Prozesse und Landschaftsformen, Thermokarst und Thermoerosion, im Hinblick auf die Abschätzung vergangener und zukünftiger Auswirkungen der Degradation eisreichen Permafrosts auf Hydrologie und Klima der betrachteten Region und deren Rückkopplungen.
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Nitzbon, Jan [Verfasser]. "Modelling the Evolution of Ice-rich Permafrost Landscapes in Response to a Warming Climate / Jan Nitzbon." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223923649/34.
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Grosse, Guido. "Characterisation and evolution of periglacial landscapes in Northern Siberia during the Late Quaternary remote sensing and GIS studies /." Phd thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976726386.
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Bäckstrand, Kristina. "Carbon gas biogeochemistry of a northern peatland - in a dynamic permafrost landscape /." Stockholm : Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Stockholm University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8241.
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Hugelius, Gustaf. "Soil organic carbon in permafrost terrain : Total storage, landscape distribution and environmental controls." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-31249.
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<p>High latitude terrestrial ecosystems are considered key components in the global carbon (C) cycle and hold large reservoirs of soil organic carbon (SOC). To a large degree, this SOC is stored in permafrost soils and peatlands and is vulnerable to remobilization under future global warming and permafrost thawing. Recent studies estimate that soils in permafrost regions store SOC equivalent to ~ 1.5 times the global atmospheric C pool. Ecosystems and soils interact with the atmospheric C pool; photosynthesis sequesters CO<sub>2</sub> into SOC whereas microbial decomposition releases C based trace gases (mainly CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>). Because of the radiative greenhouse properties of these gases, soil processes also feedback on the global climate system. Recent studies report increases in permafrost temperatures and under future climate change scenarios permafrost environments stand to undergo further changes. As permafrost thaws and surface hydrology changes, there is concern that periglacial tundra and peatland ecosystems will switch from being sinks for atmospheric C into sources, creating a potential for positive feedbacks on global warming. The magnitude of change in C fluxes resulting from climate warming and permafrost thawing depends on the remobilization processes affecting SOC stores, the size of SOC stores that become available for remobilization and the lability of the SOM compounds in these stores. While the large size and potential vulnerability of arctic SOC reservoirs is recognized, detailed knowledge on the landscape partitioning and quality of this SOC is poor.</p><p>Paper I of this thesis assesses landscape allocation and environmental gradients in SOC storage in the Usa River Basin lowlands of northeastern European Russia. The Russian study area ranges from taiga region with isolated permafrost patches to tundra region with nearly continuous permafrost. Paper II of this thesis investigates total storage, landscape partitioning and quality of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the tundra and continuous permafrost terrain of the Tulemalu Lake area in the Central Canadian Arctic. Databases on soil properties, permafrost, vegetation and modeled climate are compiled and analyzed. Mean SOC storage in the two study regions is 38.3 kg C m<sup>-2</sup> for the Usa River Basin and 33.8 kg C m<sup>-2 </sup>for Tulemalu Lake (for 1m depth in mineral soils and total depth of peat deposits). Both estimates are higher than previous estimates for the same study areas. Multivariate gradient analyses from the Usa Basin show that local vegetation and permafrost are strong predictors of soil chemical properties, overshadowing the effect of climate variables. The results highlight the importance of peatlands, particularly bogs, in bulk SOC storage in all types of permafrost terrain. In the Tulemalu Lake area significant amounts of SOC is stored in cryoturbated soil horizons with C/N ratios indicating a relatively low degree of decomposition. As this pool of cryoturbated SOC is mainly stored in the active layer, no dramatic increases in remobilization are expected following a deepening of the active layer. However, recent studies have demonstrated the importance of SOC storage in deep (>1m) cryoturbated horizons. Perennially frozen peat deposits in permafrost bogs constitute the main vulnerable SOC pool in the investigated regions. Remobilization of this frozen C can occur through gradual but widespread deepening of the active layer with subsequent talik formation, or through more rapid but localized thermokarst erosion.</p>
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Eckhardt, Tim [Verfasser], and Eva-Maria [Akademischer Betreuer] Pfeiffer. "Partitioning carbon fluxes in a permafrost landscape / Tim Eckhardt ; Betreuer: Eva-Maria Pfeiffer." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1139844156/34.
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Palmtag, Juri. "Landscape partitioning and burial processes of soil organic carbon in contrasting areas of continuous permafrost." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-136383.
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Recent studies have shown that permafrost soils in the northern circumpolar region store almost twice as much carbon as the atmosphere. Since soil organic carbon (SOC) pools have large regional and landscape-level variability, detailed SOC inventories from across the northern permafrost region are needed to assess potential remobilization of SOC with permafrost degradation and to quantify the permafrost carbon-climate feedback on global warming. This thesis provides high-resolution data on SOC storage in five study areas located in undersampled regions of the continuous permafrost zone (Zackenberg in NE Greenland; Shalaurovo and Cherskiy in NE Siberia; Ary-Mas and Logata in Taymyr Peninsula). The emphasis throughout the five different study areas is put on SOC partitioning within the landscape and soil horizon levels as well as on soil forming processes under periglacial conditions. Our results indicate large differences in mean SOC 0–100 cm storage among study areas, ranging from 4.8 to 30.0 kg C m-2, highlighting the need to consider numerous factors as topography, geomorphology, land cover, soil texture, soil moisture, etc. in the assessment of landscape-level and regional SOC stock estimates. In the high arctic mountainous area of Zackenberg, the mean SOC storage is low due to the high proportion of bare grounds. The geomorphology based upscaling resulted in a c. 40% lower estimate compared to a land cover based upscaling (4.8 vs 8.3 kg C m-2, respectively). A landform approach provides a better tool for identifying hotspots of SOC burial in the landscape, which in this area corresponds to alluvial fan deposits in the foothills of the mountains. SOC burial by cryoturbation was much more limited and largely restricted to soils in the lower central valley. In the lowland permafrost study areas of Russia the mean SOC 0–100 cm storage ranged from 14.8 to 30.0 kg C m-2. Cryoturbation is the main burial process of SOC, storing on average c. 30% of the total landscape SOC 0–100 cm in deeper C-enriched pockets in all study areas. In Taymyr Peninsula, the mean SOC storage between the Ary-Mas and Logata study areas differed by c. 40% (14.8 vs 20.8 kg C m-2, respectively). We ascribe this mainly to the finer soil texture in the latter study area. Grain size analyses show that cryoturbation is most prominent in silt loam soils with high coarse silt to very fine sand fractions. However, in profiles and samples not affected by C-enrichment, C concentrations and densities were higher in silt loam soils with higher clay to medium silt fractions.<br><p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>
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Siewert, Matthias Benjamin. "High-resolution mapping and spatial variability of soil organic carbon storage in permafrost environments." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-134986.
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Large amounts of carbon are stored in soils of the northern circumpolar permafrost region. High-resolution mapping of this soil organic carbon (SOC) is important to better understand and predict local to global scale carbon dynamics. In this thesis, studies from five different areas across the permafrost region indicate a pattern of generally higher SOC storage in Arctic tundra soils compared to forested sub-Arctic or Boreal taiga soils. However, much of the SOC stored in the top meter of tundra soils is permanently frozen, while the annually thawing active layer is deeper in taiga soils and more SOC may be available for turnover to ecosystem processes. The results show that significantly more carbon is stored in soils compared to vegetation, even in fully forested taiga ecosystems. This indicates that over longer timescales, the SOC potentially released from thawing permafrost cannot be offset by a greening of the Arctic. For all study areas, the SOC distribution is strongly influenced by the geomorphology, i.e. periglacial landforms and processes, at different spatial scales. These span from the cryoturbation of soil horizons, to the formation of palsas, peat plateaus and different generations of ice-wedges, to thermokarst creating kilometer scale macro environments. In study areas that have not been affected by Pleistocene glaciation, SOC distribution is highly influenced by the occurrence of ice-rich and relief-forming Yedoma deposits. This thesis investigates the use of thematic maps from highly resolved satellite imagery (<6.5 m resolution). These maps reveal important information on the local distribution and variability of SOC, but their creation requires advanced classification methods including an object-based approach, modern classifiers and data-fusion. The results of statistical analyses show a clear link of land cover and geomorphology with SOC storage. Peat-formation and cryoturbation are identified as two major mechanisms to accumulate SOC. As an alternative to thematic maps, this thesis demonstrates the advantages of digital soil mapping of SOC in permafrost areas using machine-learning methods, such as support vector machines, artificial neural networks and random forests. Overall, high-resolution satellite imagery and robust spatial prediction methods allow detailed maps of SOC. This thesis significantly increases the amount of soil pedons available for the individual study areas. Yet, this information is still the limiting factor to better understand the SOC distribution in permafrost environments at local and circumpolar scale. Soil pedon information for SOC quantification should at least distinguish the surface organic layer, the mineral subsoil in the active layer compared to the permafrost and further into organic rich cryoturbated and buried soil horizons.<br><p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>
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Weiss, Niels. "Permafrost carbon in a changing Arctic : On periglacial landscape dynamics, organic matter characteristics, and the stability of a globally significant carbon pool." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-142586.
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Organic matter (OM) in arctic permafrost ground contains about twice as much carbon (C) as is currently present in the atmosphere. Climate change is particularly strong in the Arctic, and could cause a considerable part of the OM in permafrost to thaw out, decompose, and be released as greenhouse gases; further enhancing global warming. The exact size of the northern circumpolar C pool remains unclear, and processes that control decomposition and mineralization rates are even more uncertain. Superimposed on the long-term release of C through microbial decomposition of OM in the gradually deepening active layer, is the rapid release of currently sequestered OM through geomorphological processes. This thesis considers the quantity, quality, and availability of permafrost C, and explores interactions and common controls. To better understand the potential effects of thawing permafrost, it is vital to: i) obtain more accurate size and distribution estimates of permafrost C stocks, and develop methods to accurately and efficiently implement these in models, ii) identify OM characteristics that control decomposition, specifically for permafrost material, and iii) determine and quantify key geomorphological processes that cause large amounts of OM to become available for rapid decomposition. Detailed C quantifications are valuable to increase our fundamental understanding of permafrost soil processes and C sequestration, but including high levels of heterogeneity in models is challenging. Simple upscaling tools based on e.g. elevation parameters (Paper I) can help to bridge the gap between detailed field studies and global C models. Permafrost OM quality is controlled by different factors than those commonly observed in temperate soils (without permafrost). We observed an unexpected (significant) correlation in upper permafrost samples, where material that is generally considered more recalcitrant showed the highest CO2 production rates per g C, indicating high lability (Paper II). In ancient Pleistocene permafrost, labile samples related significantly to OM that was enriched in decomposed microbial remains, whereas less-decomposed plant material was more stable (Paper III). Investigation of multiple incubation datasets revealed that the unusual relationship between %C and CO2 production occurred in contrasting field sites throughout the Arctic, indicating important permafrost-specific controls over OM quality (Paper IV). We discuss several possible explanations for the observed high lability of permafrost OM, such as a pool of labile dissolved organic C in the upper permafrost, or increased lability caused by past decomposition. In order to conclusively identify causal relationships, and to answer the question whether or not the same mechanisms control OM quality in different environments, further investigation of permafrost-specific OM quality is required. Geomorphology plays a key role in C reworking and OM decomposition. Vast amounts of OM can be released abruptly (e.g. in thaw slumps and thermokarst lakes, Paper II), resulting in C turnover that will likely outweigh decomposition through gradual active layer deepening. Climate change could enhance this rapid release of C, and changes in surface hydrology and increased fire activity are expected to become the largest contributors to C loss from permafrost regions. Together with C quantity and quality, availability through gradual and abrupt processes must be parameterized and included in models in order to accurately assess the potential permafrost C climate feedback.<br><p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>
Books on the topic "Permafrost landscapes"
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Schirrmeister, Lutz, Alexander N. Fedorov, Duane Froese, Go Iwahana, Ko Van Huissteden, and Alexandra Veremeeva, eds. Yedoma Permafrost Landscapes as Past Archives, Present and Future Change Areas. Frontiers Media SA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88976-466-2.
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Chapin, F. Stuart, Mark W. Oswood, Keith van Cleve, Leslie A. Viereck, and David L. Verbyla, eds. Alaska's Changing Boreal Forest. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195154313.001.0001.
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The boreal forest is the northern-most woodland biome, whose natural history is rooted in the influence of low temperature and high-latitude. Alaska's boreal forest is now warming as rapidly as the rest of Earth, providing an unprecedented look at how this cold-adapted, fire-prone forest adjusts to change. This volume synthesizes current understanding of the ecology of Alaska's boreal forests and describes their unique features in the context of circumpolar and global patterns. It tells how fire and climate contributed to the biome's current dynamics. As climate warms and permafrost (permanently frozen ground) thaws, the boreal forest may be on the cusp of a major change in state. The editors have gathered a remarkable set of contributors to discuss this swift environmental and biotic transformation. Their chapters cover the properties of the forest, the changes it is undergoing, and the challenges these alterations present to boreal forest managers. In the first section, the reader can absorb the geographic and historical context for understanding the boreal forest. The book then delves into the dynamics of plant and animal communities inhabiting this forest, and the biogeochemical processes that link these organisms. In the last section the authors explore landscape phenomena that operate at larger temporal and spatial scales and integrates the processes described in earlier sections. Much of the research on which this book is based results from the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Here is a synthesis of the substantial literature on Alaska's boreal forest that should be accessible to professional ecologists, students, and the interested public.
Book chapters on the topic "Permafrost landscapes"
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Smith, Michael W., and Dan W. Riseborough. "Where on Earth is Permafrost? Boundaries and Transitions." In Landscapes of Transition. Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2037-3_6.
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Burn, Christopher R. "The Mackenzie Delta: An Archetypal Permafrost Landscape." In Geomorphological Landscapes of the World. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3055-9_1.
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Forbes, B. C. "Changes in Permafrost Landscapes Under Global Change." In Permafrost Response on Economic Development, Environmental Security and Natural Resources. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0684-2_22.
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Walker, H. Jesse. "Landform Development in an Arctic Delta: The Roles of Snow, Ice and Permafrost." In Landscapes of Transition. Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2037-3_8.
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Murhekar, Akruti, and Apoorv Agrawal. "Monitoring and Assessment of Effects of Climate Change on Permafrost Landscapes: A Case of Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh, India." In Future is Urban. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003487890-31.
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Ali, Sareen, Margherita Paola Poto, and Emily Margaret Murray. "Arctic Vulnerability: Examining Biosecurity Risks Amidst Climate Change." In Emotional and Ecological Literacy for a More Sustainable Society. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56772-8_8.
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AbstractBuilding on the objectives of a working paper, this chapter explores the intricate relationship between the Arctic Circle, climate change, and One Health. The Arctic is exceptionally susceptible to climate change, warming three times faster than the global average, leading to increased melting of snow, ice sheets, and permafrost. These changes heighten the vulnerability of flora, fauna, and Indigenous communities that thrive in this ecosystem. Additionally, thawing permafrost releases numerous toxins and revives dormant microorganisms, increasing biosecurity risks to human, animal, and plant health. Urgent enhancement of health surveillance is essential to identify and contain potential zoonotic disease outbreaks promptly. Informed by the One Health approach which emphasises the interconnection of environmental, animal, and human well-being, this working paper aims to enrich existing literature by systems mapping diverse One Health surveillance systems in this region. The overarching goal is to improve public health outcomes in the Arctic Circle by fostering transdisciplinary collaborations and addressing challenges associated with implementing the One Health framework in this vast and unique landscape. Aligned with the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, emphasising transformative actions for planet protection, this paper advocates for the successful integration of the One Health framework to improve the holistic health of the ecosystem. In doing so, it supports ecological education and contributes to the overall goal of safeguarding the planet.
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Olefeldt, David, Liam Heffernan, Miriam C. Jones, A. Britta K. Sannel, Claire C. Treat, and Merritt R. Turetsky. "Permafrost Thaw in Northern Peatlands: Rapid Changes in Ecosystem and Landscape Functions." In Ecosystem Collapse and Climate Change. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71330-0_3.
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Wright, Donald. "6. Norths." In Canada: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198755241.003.0007.
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‘Norths’ distinguishes between the real northern Canada and its imagined north. The frozen north is a symbol of Canada that appears in songs, art, and literature. The actual north is rich in mineral resources, creating phenomena like the Klondike gold rush of the late 19th century. Other regions are rich in oil and natural gas. Fifty per cent of Canada is permafrost, making its landscape particularly vulnerable to climate change. This intensifies old questions about sovereignty, with the world’s Arctic powers engaged in a new gold rush. With shrinking glaciers appearing in both headlines and literature, the landscapes of the real and the imagined north are changing.
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Pathak, Prasad, and Stephen Whalen. "Using Geospatial Techniques to Analyze Landscape Factors Controlling Ionic Composition of Arctic Lakes, Toolik Lake Region, Alaska." In Geographic Information Systems. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2038-4.ch012.
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The impacts of climate change on landscapes in arctic Alaska are evident in terms of permafrost melting, frequent thermokarst activity, and the occurrence of more broadleaf vegetation. These changes may alter natural biogeochemical cycles of ions along with major nutrients and affect ionic compositions of lakes, as they are connected with the landscapes. However, the nature of the connectivity between lakes and landscapes in this region is not yet explored. The authors propose that geospatial analysis of landscape properties along with observed lake ion concentrations will enable an understanding of the currently existing landscape controls over ion inputs into the lakes. For the watersheds of 41 lakes in the Arctic Foothills region of Alaska, spatial properties of natural vegetation communities expressed in terms of percentage, shape complexity, and patch density metrics were derived using satellite data. Regression analyses were performed for concentration of ions as well as conductivity in lake water where the spatial metrics along with lake physical properties, lake order, and glacial till age categories were used as predicting variables in the regression. Landscape metrics for major land covers i.e., Percentage of Moist Acidic Tundra (MAT) and Moist Non-acidic Tundra (MNT) were the major predicting variables for concentration of several ions.
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A. Merchant, Michael, and Lindsay McBlane. "Machine Learning-Based Active Layer Thickness Estimation Over Permafrost Landscapes by Upscaling Airborne Remote Sensing Measurements with Cloud-Computing Geotechnologies." In Revolutionizing Earth Observation - New Technologies and Insights [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1004315.
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Earth observation (EO) plays a pivotal role in understanding our planet’s rapidly changing environment. Recently, geospatial technologies used to analyse EO data have made remarkable progress, in particular from innovations in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and scalable cloud-computing resources. This chapter presents a brief overview of these developments, with a focus on geospatial “big data.” A case study is presented where Google Earth Engine (GEE) was used to upscale airborne active layer thickness (ALT) measurements over an extensive permafrost region. GEE’s machine learning (ML) capabilities were leveraged for upscaling measurements to several multi-source satellite EO datasets. Novel Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques were also used for model feature selection and interpretation. The optimized ML model achieved an R2 of 0.476, although performance varied by ecosystem. This chapter highlights the capabilities of new RS sensors and geospatial technologies for better understanding permafrost environments, which is important in the face of climate change.
Conference papers on the topic "Permafrost landscapes"
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Walvoord, Michelle A., David M. Rey, Burke Minsley, and Brian A. Ebel. "SUPRA-PERMAFROST TALIKS IN THAWING LANDSCAPES OF BOREAL ALASKA, USA." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-354326.
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Minsley, Burke, Neal J. Pastick, B. K. Wylie, Dana R. N. Brown, and M. Andy Kass. "GEOPHYSICAL EVIDENCE FOR NON-UNIFORM PERMAFROST DEGRADATION AFTER FIRE ACROSS BOREAL LANDSCAPES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-283447.
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АБРАМОВ Д, А., М. МАКАРЬЕВА О, А. ЗЕМЛЯНСКОВА А, А. ОСТАШОВ А, and В. НЕСТЕРОВА Н. "PERMAFROST TEMPERATURE REGIME IN THE UPPER KOLYMA RIVER." In ГЕОЛОГИЯ И МИНЕРАЛЬНО-СЫРЬЕВЫЕ РЕСУРСЫ СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОКА РОССИИ 2024. Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53954/9785604990100_393.
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For year-round monitoring of the permafrost in the upper Kolyma basin ten thermometric wells up to 15 m deep were drilled and equipped in 2021-2022. The wells are located at altitudes from 618 to 1182 m in characteristic mountain landscapes such as rocky talus, mountainous tundra and sparse larch-forest. Continuous 4-hour monitoring of soil temperature at various depths is carried out. Data were obtained on the average annual temperature of ground, the depth of seasonal thawing/freezing. Further development of the regional monitoring network is planned on the basis of the data and experience gained.
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Tikhmenev, Evgeny, and Pavel Evgenievich Tikhmenev. "Seed Reduplication of the Flowering Plants of the Disturbed Landscapes in the Northern of Far-East of Asia." In 3rd International Congress on Engineering and Life Science. Prensip Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61326/icelis.2023.57.
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The results of studies of anthropogenic landscapes functioning with an assessment on the processes natural self-revegetation and effectivity of reclamation in tundra, forest-tundra, larch forest complexes are summarized. The principles of accelerated restoration of the ecological and aesthetic value of disturbed landscapes at the permafrost zone are substantiated, based on the data obtained during studying the self-revegetation and reclamation processes on disturbed complexes. Development of placer and ore deposits of mineral resources is leading to deep transformation of landscape and to destruction of soil-vegetation complexes. The processes caused by mining activity are leading to variable mechanisms of degradation of soil and vegetation often having complex impact. Results of study of sustainability of soil-vegetable complexes to the impact of mancaused activity have showed the dependence from the structure of soil profile and it characteristic, from the character of genetic horizons, frozen status of the landscape elements, form of the structure, biomass and seed productivity. The rate of fertilization and fruiting regularity of perspective some species of native flora for introduction as medical, nutritive or fodder plants was also determined.
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СИВЦЕВ М, А., and Ф. ЖИРКОВ А. "ASSESSMENT OF THE POSSIBILITY OF RESTORING GEOCRYOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF TERRITORIES WITH HIGHLY ICEY SEDIMENTS OF CENTRAL YAKUTIA." In ГЕОЛОГИЯ И МИНЕРАЛЬНО-СЫРЬЕВЫЕ РЕСУРСЫ СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОКА РОССИИ 2024. Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53954/9785604990100_561.
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Rising air temperatures in northern latitudes cause rapid transformation of permafrost, leading to environmental and socio-economic problems. Thermokarst processes leading to surface subsidence are more intense in open landscapes with thin protective layers. The research in Central Yakutia is aimed at restoring disturbed areas by recreating a protective layer using the author's methodology. Preliminary results show that water-saturated protective layers and snow compaction can effectively restore and preserve geocryological conditions. The authors achieved stable temperatures and reduced thaw depths, and will try to get a restored protective layer this year. The results obtained can contribute to the improvement of living comfort, preservation of agricultural land and development of permafrost conservation technologies.
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Minsley, B., N. Pastick, B. Wylie, D. Brown, and A. Kass. "Geophysical Characteristics of Permafrost Degradation across Boreal Landscapes after Disturbance by Fire or Water." In 23rd European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. EAGE Publications BV, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201701968.
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Stanchenko, G. V. "TO THE PROBLEM OF SUSTAINABILITY OF SOIL AND VEGETATION OF PERMAFROST LANDSCAPES TO ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT." In At the crossroads of the North and the East (methodologies and practices of regional development). Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/cne.2017.21.
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Zakharov, Moisei, Sébastien Gadal, Yuri Danilov, and Jūratė Kamičaitytė. "Mapping Siberian Arctic Mountain Permafrost Landscapes by Machine Learning Multi-sensors Remote Sensing: Example of Adycha River Valley." In 7th International Conference on Geographical Information Systems Theory, Applications and Management. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010448801250133.
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Shlotgauer, S. D. "PROTECTED TERRITORY AS A FACTOR IN MAINTAINING THE ECOLOGICAL BALANSE OF THE UDA RIVER BASIN." In Современные проблемы регионального развития. ИКАРП ДВО РАН, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31433/978-5-904121-41-9-2024-98-100.
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The composition and structure of the vegetation cover of the ecological protective territory on the right bank of the Uda River were studied. It has been revealed that the main factor in the valley is permafrost processes that contribute to the formation of larch open spaces, maris and swamps. In the mountain landscapes of the Galamsky and Taikansky ridges, characterized by highly erosive vegetation, mountain larch, cedar-elfin and fir-spruce forests are noted, performing water-regulating and anti-erosion functions. Almost four years of development of the territory led to a decrease in forest cover, which is the basis of the dynamic balance in maintaining the biostationary function of the ecosystem.
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Maslakov, Alexey, Mikhail Grishchenk, Alina Grigoryan, and Dmitry Zamolodchikov. "PERMAFROST AND VEGETATION INTERACTION DURING CLIMATE WARMING IN THE ARCTIC: KEY STUDY FROM CHUKOTKA (NORTHEAST RUSSIA)." In Book of Abstracts and Contributed Papers. Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijić" SASA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/csge5.12am.
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Contemporary climate changes are several times more intense in the Arctic than the global average. That is reflected in the rapid change in natural conditions at high latitudes. Vegetation is both a sensitive indicator of changes in external impacts and a factor that determines the conditions of heat exchange between the atmosphere and underlying rocks. Ground covers are as powerful regulator of permafrost conditions as climate change. The observed climate warming leads to a noticeable restructuring of typical and mountain tundra landscapes which occupy vast areas of northeast Russia. The evolution of vegetation manifests on a scale of decades and can provoke both positive and negative feedbacks, which affects in its order the parameters of the seasonally thawed (active) layer of the soils and the state of permafrost. This study is an analysis of long-term trends in climate change compared with the dynamics of seasonal soil thawing depth and changes in vegetation composition within two key monitoring sites included in the Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring program (CALM)—R27 Lavrentiya and R41 Lorino. The sites are located in the typical tundra landscapes of the coastal plains of the Chukotka Peninsula (Chukchi Autonomous Okrug, NE Russia). They are squares with an area of 1 hectare and a grid of nodes located every 10 meters (121 nodes in total). Monitoring of seasonal soil thawing was carried out with the method of mechanical soil probing at the peak of maximum development of the active layer (August–September) during 2000 to 2024 period. Vegetation cover was studied by field methods for the period from 2013 to 2024. The projective cover of vegetation was determined at each of the 121 grid points at the peak of the growing season (late July, early August) for the main species, including mosses and lichens (13 species in total). Climatic variations were determined for the period from 2000 to 2024 based on data from the nearest weather station in the community of Uelen. Regional climate changes were determined using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. Changes in background vegetation around the monitoring sites were determined within the key polygon (172 km 2) with the NDVI index, which was calculated for each peak of the growing season from 2000 to 2024. The obtained results show that at the background of a rapid increase in air temperature (0.72 °C/decade), the thickness of the active layer had been growing at a rate of 0.5–1.5 cm/year. Changes in permafrost-climatic conditions in the northeast of Russia led to changes in vegetation cover, which mainly affected species that are indicators of insufficient or excessive moisture.
Reports on the topic "Permafrost landscapes"
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Bradley, Hannah. Observing social-ecological design of permafrost landscapes: grounding urban planning in Utqiaġvik, Alaska. International Permafrost Association (IPA), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.52381/icop2024.203.1.
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Wolfe, S. A., H. B. O'Neill, C. Duchesne, D. Froese, J M Young, and S. V. Kokelj. Ground ice degradation and thermokarst terrain formation in Canada over the past 16 000 years. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329668.
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Thermokarst results from thawing of excess ground ice in permafrost sediments. Thermokarst processes and landforms are controlled by ground ice type, amount and distribution, as well as the patterns of ground ice loss over time. Recent acceleration of varied thermokarst processes across diverse Canadian permafrost terrains make for a challenging task in predicting landscape-scale thaw trajectories. Using existing ground ice models, we examined the modelled amounts and spatial extent of ground ice loss relative to ground ice maxima in the last ca. 16 ka BP for relict, segregated and wedge ice. We relate observed thermokarst features to the nature of ground ice development and loss in different environments (cold continuous permafrost, discontinuous permafrost, and no current permafrost). In cold, continuous permafrost areas where ground ice loss has been limited over the last 16 ka BP, thermokarst processes include active layer detachments and slumps in segregated and relict ice, gullying and ponding in ice wedge troughs, and the cyclical development of shallow thermokarst ponds in segregated ice. With ground ice loss in discontinuous permafrost, thermokarst processes are wide-ranging. Slumps, subsidence, and collapse of lithalsas, palsas and peat plateaus occur from thawing of segregated ice, thermokarst ponds from melting wedge and segregated ice, and involuted terrain from melting and creep of relict or segregated ice. In former permafrost terrain, evidence of thermokarst includes former ice wedge polygons, collapsed lithalsas, and irregular hummocky terrain. The relations between modelled ground ice loss and observed thermokarst landscapes assist in understanding present-day processes and in predicting future thermokarst landform evolution with a changing climate.
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Jungsberg, Leneisja, and Diana N. Huynh. Young Voices from the Arctic: Insights on Climate Change and Permafrost Degradation. Nordregio, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/wp2023:61403-2511.
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The Arctic region is warming almost four times as fast as the global average. Snow and ice are thawing at an increasing rate, and the rapid environmental shifts have a disproportionate effect on communities across the Northern Hemisphere. This leads to significant permafrost degradation, which disrupts community infrastructure, cultural heritage, landscapes, and impacts animal migration and subsistence activities. This change has severe consequences for the youth in the region, affecting their present lives and future outlooks. This working paper emphasizes the importance of addressing these issues and enhancing the voices of Arctic youth, who advocate for climate change adaptation and mitigation, as they will be central in shaping society in the face of these environmental shifts. The paper highlights Arctic youths' perspectives on climate change and permafrost degradation, covering individuals from the legal age to early-career experts up to 35. Further, the paper states a need for more research and exploration of youth engagement methodologies in the Arctic to address the impacts of climate change and permafrost degradation.
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Baxter, W., Amanda Barker, Samuel Beal, et al. A comprehensive approach to data collection, management, and visualization for terrain characterization in cold regions. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48212.
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As global focus shifts to northern latitudes for their enhanced access to newly viable resources, US Army operational readiness in these extreme environments is increasingly important. Rapid and accurate intelligence on the conditions influencing operations in these regions is essential to mission success and warfighter safety. Arctic and boreal environments are highly heterogeneous, including changing extents of frozen versus thawing ground, snow, and ice that affect ground trafficability and visibility, terrain physics, and physicochemical properties of water and soil. Furthermore, projected climatic warming in these regions makes the timing of seasonal transitions increasingly uncertain. Broad coverage of long-term datasets is critical for assessing spatial and temporal variability in these northern environments at the landscape-scale. However, decadal measurements are difficult to acquire, manage, and visualize in the field setting. Here, we present a synopsis of data collection, management, and visualization for long-term permafrost, snow, vegetation, geophysics, and biogeochemical data from Alaska and review related literature. We also synthesize short-term data from various permafrost affected sites in the US and northern Europe to further assess the state of northern landscapes. Altogether, this work provides a comprehensive approach for high-latitude field site management to accurately inform mission-related operations in extreme northern environments.
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Alter, Ross, Nawa Raj Pradhan, and Anna Wagner. Preliminary permafrost predictions within the Chena River watershed, Alaska, using landscape characteristics. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48074.
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This Technical Note presents a method to create permafrost predictions in the Chena River watershed near Fairbanks, Alaska, using landscape characteristics. We produced probabilities for near-surface permafrost in the Chena River watershed using a published algorithm applied in a nearby region. The methodology presented serves as a proof of concept for developing permafrost maps using similar data in other cold regions.
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Douglas, Thomas A., Christopher A. Hiemstra, Stephanie P. Saari, et al. Degrading Permafrost Mapped with Electrical Resistivity Tomography, Airborne Imagery and LiDAR, and Seasonal Thaw Measurements. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41185.
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Accurate identification of the relationships between permafrost extent and landscape patterns helps develop airborne geophysical or remote sensing tools to map permafrost in remote locations or across large areas. These tools are particularly applicable in discontinuous permafrost where climate warming or disturbances such as human development or fire can lead to rapid permafrost degradation. We linked field-based geophysical, point-scale, and imagery surveying measurements to map permafrost at five fire scars on the Tanana Flats in central Alaska. Ground-based elevation surveys, seasonal thaw-depth profiles, and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements were combined with airborne imagery and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) to identify relationships between permafrost geomorphology and elapsed time since fire disturbance. ERT was a robust technique for mapping the presence or absence of permafrost because of the marked difference in resistivity values for frozen versus unfrozen material. There was no clear relationship between elapsed time since fire and permafrost extent at our sites. The transition zone boundaries between permafrost soils and unfrozen soils in the collapse-scar bogs at our sites had complex and unpredictable morphologies, suggesting attempts to quantify the presence or absence of permafrost using aerial measurements alone could lead to incomplete results. The results from our study indicated limitations in being able to apply airborne surveying measurements at the landscape scale toward accurately estimating permafrost extent.
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Zhang, Y., R. Touzi, W. Feng, G. Hong, T. C. Lantz, and S. V. Kokelj. A multisite dataset of near-surface soil temperature, active-layer thickness, and soil and vegetation conditions measured in northwestern Canada, 2016-2017. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329207.
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Quantifying and understanding spatial variation in permafrost conditions at the landscape-scale is important for land use planning and assessing the impacts of permafrost thaw. This report documents detailed field data observed at 110 sites in two areas in northwestern Canada from 2016 to 2017. One area is a northern boreal landscape near Inuvik and the other is a tundra landscape near Tuktoyaktuk. The observations include near-surface soil temperatures (Tnss) at 107 sites, and active-layer thickness, soil and vegetation conditions at 110 sites. The data set includes the original Tnss records, the calculated daily, monthly, and annual averages of Tnss, soil and vegetation conditions at these sites, and photographs taken in the field. This data set will be useful for understanding the spatial heterogeneity of permafrost and validating modelling and mapping products.
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Oldenborger, G. A., A. M. LeBlanc, O. Bellehumeur-Génier, et al. Community workshop on permafrost and landscape change, Rankin Inlet, Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298806.
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Barker, Amanda, Taylor Sullivan, W. Baxter, et al. Iron oxidation–reduction processes in warming permafrost soils and surface waters expose a seasonally rusting Arctic watershed. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48714.
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Landscape-scale changes from climate change in the Arctic affect the soil thermal regime and impact the depth to permafrost in vulnerable tundra watersheds. When top-down thaw of permafrost occurs, oxygen and porewaters infiltrate deeper in the soil column exposing fresh, previously frozen material and altering redox conditions. A gap remains in understanding how redox stratifications in thawing permafrost impact the geochemistry of watersheds in response to climate change and how investigations into redox may be scaled by coupling extensive geophysical mapping techniques. In this study, we collected soils and soil porewaters from three soil pits and surface water samples from an Arctic watershed on the North Slope of Alaska and analyzed for trace metals iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) and Fe oxidation state using bulk and microscale techniques. We also used geophysical mapping and soil thermistors to measure active layer depths across the watershed to relate accelerating permafrost thaw to watershed geochemistry. Overall, evidence showed that Fe and Mn could be useful as geochemical indicators of permafrost thaw and release of Fe(II) from thawing permafrost and further oxidation to Fe(III) could translate to a higher degree of seasonal rusting coinciding with the warming and thawing of near surface-permafrost.
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Douglas, Thomas A., Christopher A. Hiemstra, Miriam C. Jones, and Jeffrey R. Arnold. Sources and Sinks of Carbon in Boreal Ecosystems of Interior Alaska : A Review. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41163.
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Boreal ecosystems store large quantities of carbon but are increasingly vulnerable to carbon loss due to disturbance and climate warming. The boreal region in Alaska and Canada, largely underlain by discontinuous permafrost, presents a challenging landscape for itemizing carbon sources and sinks in soil and vegetation. The roles of fire, forest succession, and the presence/absence of permafrost on carbon cycle, vegetation, and hydrologic processes have been the focus of multidisciplinary research in boreal ecosystems for the past 20 years. However, projections of a warming future climate, an increase in fire severity and extent, and the potential degradation of permafrost could lead to major landscape and carbon cycle changes over the next 20 to 50 years. To assist land managers in interior Alaska in adapting and managing for potential changes in the carbon cycle, this paper was developed incorporating an overview of the climate, ecosystem processes, vegetation, and soil regimes. The objective is to provide a synthesis of the most current carbon storage estimates and measurements to guide policy and land management decisions on how to best manage carbon sources and sinks. We provide recommendations to address the challenges facing land managers in efforts to manage carbon cycle processes. The results of this study can be used for carbon cycle management in other locations within the boreal biome which encompasses a broad distribution from 45° to 83° north.