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Journal articles on the topic 'Permanent magnets'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Dong, S. X., B. Li, B. S. Zhang, X. Q. Wang, and G. Y. Feng. "Design of A Permanent Quadrupole Magnet with Adjustable Magnetic Field Gradient." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2687, no. 2 (2024): 022029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2687/2/022029.

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Abstract As compared to traditional magnets, permanent magnets can effectively reduce energy consumption and eliminate the impact of current ripple and the water cooling system on beam current. The use of permanent magnets in accelerators has become a new trend as permanent magnet technology has advanced. In HALF (Hefei Advanced Light Facility), we have designed a permanent magnet based on the quadrupole magnet, and the central magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet can be adjusted, indicating that single or multiple permanent magnets can be developed to replace different sizes of qua

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2

Vannest, Jeremiah, and Julia Zhang. "Partially Segmented Permanent-Magnet Losses in Interior Permanent-Magnet Motors." Energies 18, no. 11 (2025): 2879. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112879.

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Permanent-magnet losses in interior permanent-magnet (IPM) motors can result in high magnet temperatures and potential demagnetization. This study investigates using partially segmented magnets as an alternative to traditional segmented magnets to reduce these losses. Partial segmentation involves cutting slots into the magnet to redirect the eddy current path and reduce losses. The research explores analytical and finite element modeling of eddy current losses in partially segmented magnets in IPM machines. Various configurations and orientations of partial segmentation were examined to asses

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3

Amjadian, Mohsen, and Anil K. Agrawal. "Planar arrangement of permanent magnets in design of a magneto-solid damper by finite element method." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 31, no. 7 (2020): 998–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x20905968.

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This article studies the energy dissipation mechanism of a proposed magneto-solid damper using a three-dimensional finite element model developed in COMSOL Multiphysics software. The energy dissipation mechanism of the magneto-solid damper dissipates energy through combined actions of friction and eddy current damping. The key components of the magneto-solid damper are a steel plate, two copper plates placed on two sides of the steel plate in parallel, and two planar arrays of permanent magnets each one placed between the steel plate and one of the copper plates. These arrays are kept away fro

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4

Zhang, Yuyang, Yonggang Leng, Hao Zhang, et al. "Comparative study on equivalent models calculating magnetic force between permanent magnets." Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing and Special Equipment 1, no. 1 (2020): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jimse-09-2020-0009.

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PurposeAn appropriate equivalent model is the key to the effective analysis of the system and structure in which permanent magnet takes part. At present, there are several equivalent models for calculating the interacting magnetic force between permanent magnets including magnetizing current, magnetic charge and magnetic dipole–dipole model. How to choose the most appropriate and efficient model still needs further discussion.Design/methodology/approachThis paper chooses cuboid, cylindrical and spherical permanent magnets as calculating objects to investigate the detailed calculation procedure

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5

Kaňuch, Ján, and Želmíra Ferková. "Design and simulation of disk stepper motor with permanent magnets." Archives of Electrical Engineering 62, no. 2 (2013): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aee-2013-0022.

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Abstract In this paper the design and the magneto-static simulation of axial-flux permanent- magnet stepper motor with the disc type rotor is presented. Disk motors are particularly suitable for electrical vehicles, robots, valve control, pumps, centrifuges, fans, machine tools and manufacturing. The brushless machine with axial flux and permanent magnets, also called the disc-type machine, is an interesting alternative to its cylindrical radial flux counterpart due to the disk shape, compact construction and high torque density. This paper describes a design of four phase microstepping motor

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6

Idayanti, Novrita, Azwar Manaf, and Dedi Dedi. "Magnet Nanokomposit Sebagai Magnet Permanen Masa Depan [Nanocomposite Magnets as Future Permanent Magnets]." Metalurgi 33, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/metalurgi.v33i1.433.

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Hunkun, Jiao, and Oleg Avrunin. "Feasibility analysis of implant movement along arc trajectory under non-contact control in magnetic stereotaxic system." Innovative Technologies and Scientific Solutions for Industries, no. 3(25) (September 30, 2023): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/itssi.2023.25.174.

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In this paper, the non-contact control of magnetic implants by changing the external magnetic field in the magnetic stereotaxic system is introduced, and the feasibility of making them move along the arc trajectory is analyzed. Through COMSOL software, the process of moving the miniature magnetic implant along the arc trajectory was simulated, the change of the micro-magnetic implant trajectory after the external magnetic field was changed, the relative position relationship between the large permanent magnets was determined, and the mechanical analysis of the miniature magnetic implant moving

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8

Ma, Jun. "The Effect of the Horizontal Distance between the Permanent Magnets on the Levitation Force in Hybrid Magnetic Levitation System." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 987–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.987.

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It has been investigated that the interaction force in hybrid magnetic levitation systems with a GdBCO bulk superconductor and a permanent magnet system and two permanent magnets (PM2) and two cubic permanent magnets (PM3) system in their coaxial configuration at liquid nitrogen temperature. A single-domain GdBCO sample is of 20mm and 10mm in thickness, the permanent magnet PM1 is of rectangular parallelepiped shape, the permanent magnets PM2 and PM3 are of cubic shape; the system placed on the middle of system and their coaxial configuration; It is found that the maximum levitation force decr

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9

Zhu, Caoxiang, Kenneth Hammond, Adam Rutkowski, et al. "PM4Stell: A prototype permanent magnet stellarator structure." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 11 (2022): 112501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0102754.

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Permanent magnets provide a possible solution to simplify complicated stellarator coils. A prototype permanent magnet stellarator structure, PM4Stell, has been funded to demonstrate the technical feasibility of using permanent magnets to create the shaping field of a stellarator. Permanent magnets in uniform cubes with three polarization directions will be carefully placed to generate the required magnetic field for a National Compact Stellarator eXperiment-like equilibrium together with planar toroidal field coils. Discrete magnets will be glued together and inserted into a “post-office-box-l

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10

Sun, R. X., Z. G. Deng, Y. F. Gou, et al. "Feasibility of low-cost magnetic rail designs by integrating ferrite magnets and NdFeB magnets for HTS Maglev systems." International Journal of Modern Physics B 29, no. 25n26 (2015): 1542043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979215420436.

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Permanent magnet guideway (PMG) is an indispensable part of high temperature superconducting (HTS) Maglev systems. Present PMGs are made of NdFeB magnets with excellent performance and cost much. As another permanent magnet material, the ferrite magnet is weak at magnetic energy product and coercive force, but inexpensive. So, it is a possible way to integrate the ferrite and NdFeB magnets for cutting down the cost of present PMGs. In the paper, the equivalent on magnetic field intensity between ferrite magnets and NdFeB magnets was evaluated by finite element simulation. According to the calc

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11

Panchal, T. H., A. N. Patel, and R. M. Patel. "Reduction of cogging torque of radial flux permanent magnet brushless DC motor by magnet shifting technique." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, no. 3 (May 30, 2022): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2022.3.03.

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Introduction. In spite of many advantages of radial flux permanent magnet brushless DC motors it suffers from the distinct disadvantage of high cogging torque. The designer must emphasize to reduce the cogging torque during the design stage. This paper introduces magnet shifting technique to mitigate cogging torque of surface mounted radial flux brushless DC motor. Methodology. Initially 200 W, 1000 rpm surface mounted radial flux permanent magnet brushless DC motor is designed with symmetrical placement of permanent magnets with respect to each other on rotor core. Cogging torque profile of t

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12

Nagai, Keita, Naohiro Sugita, and Tadahiko Shinshi. "Batch Fine Magnetic Pattern Transfer Method on Permanent Magnets Using Coercivity Change during Heating for Magnetic MEMS." Micromachines 15, no. 2 (2024): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15020248.

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In magnetic microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs), permanent magnets in the form of a thick film or thin plate are used for structural and manufacturing purposes. However, the geometric shape induces a strong self-demagnetization field during thickness–direction magnetization, limiting the surface magnetic flux density and output power. The magnets must be segmented or magnetized in a fine and multi-pole manner to weaken the self-demagnetization field. Few studies have been performed on fine multi-pole magnetization techniques that can generate a higher surface magnetic flux density than segm

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13

Fischbacher, Johann, Alexander Kovacs, Markus Gusenbauer, et al. "Micromagnetics of rare-earth efficient permanent magnets." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 51 (April 20, 2018): 193002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aab7d1.

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The development of permanent magnets containing less or no rare-earth elements is linked to profound knowledge of the coercivity mechanism. Prerequisites for a promising permanent magnet material are a high spontaneous magnetization and a sufficiently high magnetic anisotropy. In addition to the intrinsic magnetic properties the microstructure of the magnet plays a significant role in establishing coercivity. The influence of the microstructure on coercivity, remanence, and energy density product can be understood by using micromagnetic simulations. With advances in computer hardware and numer

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14

Chang, Sungwoo, Noboru Niguchi, Je-Hoon Lee, and Katsuhiro Hirata. "Improvement of Torque Performance and Energy Density of PM-Type Vernier Motor Utilizing Saddle Coil and Salient Pole." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (2021): 2818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062818.

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In electric motors, the use of rare-earth magnets has been increasing rapidly. A stronger magnet force of the magnet enables the motor’s higher performance, resulting in the most high-performance motors generally using rare-earth magnets. However, these magnets have two crucial disadvantages: the potential restrictions on the supply of rare-earth magnetic materials and the sharp fluctuation in price. Thus, many recent researches focus on developing high-performance electric motors and reducing the use of critical rare-earth magnets. By increasing the torque density of the motor, we can reduce

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15

Manh, Tien Ho, Dinh Bui Minh, Tu Pham Minh, and Vuong Dang Quoc. "Investigation of the Influence of Skewed Slots and Degmagnetization Effects to Line Start Permanent Magnet Assistance Synchronous Reluctance Motors." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 13, no. 1 (2023): 9807–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5307.

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A permanent magnet assistance synchronous reluctance motor can start directly with a net voltage or a power converter via a torque control method. However, this motor has usually a higher irreversible demagnetization level in comparison with interior permanent magnet motors, due to the fewer permanent magnets in rotor slots. In order to cope with this disadvantage, different arrangements of permanent magnets in the rotor of the line-start permanent magnet assistance synchronous reluctance motor are proposed in this paper. The V magnet shape taking skewed slots and demagnetization effect into a

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16

Pangkung, Andareas, A. M. Shiddiq Yunus, Mustari Nur Mulyadi, and Padidi Alfrianto Illa. "Rancang Bangun Alternator Mobil Menggunakan Magnet Permanen." Jurnal Teknik Mesin Sinergi 19, no. 2 (2021): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.31963/sinergi.v19i2.3021.

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The electric power system is one of the sources of electricity found in the vehicle which functions as a starter and electric component of the vehicle. The battery (battery) is a source of electricity to meet the electrical system in the car, but the battery is only a place to store electric charge. Therefore, there is an alternator as a power generator to charge the battery. The alternator on a car uses artificial magnets in its rotor which still require excitation. Therefore, it encourages the author to analyze the comparison of alternators using permanent magnets and artificial magnets. The

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17

Li, Ziwei, Afef Kedous-Lebouc, Jean-Marc Dubus, Lauric Garbuio, and Sophie Personnaz. "Direct reuse strategies of rare earth permanent magnets for PM electrical machines – an overview study." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 86, no. 2 (2019): 20901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2019180289.

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The global supply of heavy rare earth magnets can become risky with the soaring demand of rare earth permanent magnet (PM) machines. One of the promising solutions is to reuse or recycle permanent magnets from end-of-Life electrical machines. This paper is an overview study of the state-of-the-art permanent magnet reuse and recycling research for electrical machines. Some methodologies for quantifying the recyclability of permanent magnet of electrical machines are also introduced.

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18

Wijaya, Fransisco Danang, Budi Azhari, and Harnoko Stephanus. "Optimum Permanent Magnets Configuration in Flat-Quasi Linear Permanent Magnet Generators." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 6 (2016): 2589. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i6.11966.

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<p>Flat-quasi type of linear permanent magnet generators (LPMGs) have been considered to be applied for several applications, such for wave energy conversion and free piston combustion engine. One of the important issues concerning LPMG is the permanent magnets configuration, due to its effects to the generator’s excitation performance. In this paper, a 1 kW flat-quasi LPMG would be designed and built. During the process, optimum permanent magnets configuration was required and researched. The optimum configuration considered the output power and resulted cogging force. Invetigation was

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Wijaya, Fransisco Danang, Budi Azhari, and Harnoko Stephanus. "Optimum Permanent Magnets Configuration in Flat-Quasi Linear Permanent Magnet Generators." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 6 (2016): 2589. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i6.pp2589-2602.

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<p>Flat-quasi type of linear permanent magnet generators (LPMGs) have been considered to be applied for several applications, such for wave energy conversion and free piston combustion engine. One of the important issues concerning LPMG is the permanent magnets configuration, due to its effects to the generator’s excitation performance. In this paper, a 1 kW flat-quasi LPMG would be designed and built. During the process, optimum permanent magnets configuration was required and researched. The optimum configuration considered the output power and resulted cogging force. Invetigation was

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20

Radwan-Pragłowska, Natalia, and Tomasz Węgiel. "Permanent Magnet Selections for AFPM Disc Generators." Energies 15, no. 20 (2022): 7601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207601.

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In this article, the field (FEM) and analytical analyses were used for the optimal selection of magnets material for the Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Generator (AFPMG), without building the prototype before. The tested generator is an axial flux machine which consists of a single stator and two rotor discs with Permanent Magnets (PM). Three-dimensional (3D) ANSYS Maxwell package was used for magnetostatic and transient field (FEM) simulations. Two types of PM were selected for the analysis: Ceramic (also known as “Ferrite”) magnets made from Strontium Ferrite powder and Neodymium Iron Boron mag

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21

Solomon, I. Khmelnik. "Permanent Magnets in Nanostructures and Organisms." Trends in Pharmaceuticals and Nanotechnology 1, no. 2 (2019): 33–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3360131.

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<em>It is indicated that permanent magnets are present in organisms and nanostructures. Based on the solution of Maxwell's equations, a mathematical model of the structure of the electromagnetic field of a permanent magnet and a mathematical model of the distribution of magnetic dipoles in the body of a permanent magnet are built.</em>

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22

T., H. Panchal, N. Patel A., and M. Patel R. "Reduction of cogging torque of radial flux permanent magnet brushless DC motor by magnet shifting technique." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, no. 3 (May 30, 2022): 15–20. https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272X.2022.3.03.

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<strong><em>Introduction. </em></strong><em>In spite of many advantages of radial flux permanent magnet brushless DC motors it suffers from the distinct disadvantage of high cogging torque. The designer must emphasize to reduce the cogging torque during the design stage. This paper introduces magnet shifting technique to mitigate cogging torque of surface mounted radial flux brushless DC motor. <strong>Methodology.</strong> Initially 200 W, 1000 rpm surface mounted radial flux permanent magnet brushless DC motor is designed with symmetrical placement of permanent magnets with re

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23

Ma, Jun. "The Effect of the Distance between the Permanent Magnets on the Levitation Force in Hybrid Magnetic Levitation System." Advanced Materials Research 721 (July 2013): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.721.278.

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t has been investigated that the interaction force in hybrid magnetic levitation systems with two GdBCO bulk superconductors and two permanent magnets system and a cubic permanent magnet (PM2) and a cubic permanent magnet (PM3) system in their coaxial configuration at liquid nitrogen temperature. The two single-domain GdBCO samples are of φ20mm and 10mm in thickness, the permanent magnet PM1 is of rectangular parallelepiped shape, the permanent magnets PM2 and PM3 are of cubic shape; the system placed on the middle of system and their coaxial configuration; It is found that the maximum levitat

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Baloyi, Mphamela Enos, Phuti Ngoepe, and Hasani Chauke. "The influence of Holmium substitution on the magnetic and mechanical properties of Nd₂Fe₁₄B: a first principle study." MATEC Web of Conferences 388 (2023): 07004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202338807004.

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In this study, the ab initio density functional theory (DFT) approach is used to investigate the effect of Holmium (Ho) on the magnetic and mechanical properties of Nd2Fe14B magnets. Neodymium-based permanent magnets (Nd2Fe14B) are the potential permanent magnets to be used in various applications such as wind turbines and electric vehicles. These magnets possess high magnetic field strength and resistance to demagnetization. However, they suffer from low operating temperatures below 585 K. Substitution of Nd with Ho enhances the magnetic strength of the Nd2Fe14B permanent magnet. NdHoFe14B ma

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Yoon, Keun-young, and Yong-min You. "Optimal Design of a Novel Consequent-Pole Interior Permanent Magnet Motor with Flared-Structured Rotor." Applied Sciences 14, no. 4 (2024): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14041496.

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Interior permanent magnet motors are widely used in applications requiring high power density and high efficiency due to their high torque-generating capabilities. Recently, given the price fluctuations and unstable supply of rare earth permanent magnets, alternative configurations with reduced use of permanent magnets are being sought. Among the various candidates related to this, the consequent-pole type rotor structure can halve the number of permanent magnets used compared with conventional structures. However, in a no-load analysis, the waveform of the back electromotive force becomes asy

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Mills, Allan. "William Gilbert and ‘Magnetization by Percussion’." Notes and Records of the Royal Society 65, no. 4 (2011): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2011.0014.

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In his De Magnete William Gilbert claims that it is possible to make a magnet by hammering a red-hot bar of wrought iron arranged north–south on an anvil. This is contrary to modern ideas concerning the ‘Curie temperature’ (770°C for carbon steel), and to the recognized susceptibility of steel magnets to mechanical abuse. It has proved impossible to replicate Gilbert's technique experimentally. Only lengthy cold hammering of hardened carbon steel specimens on a large ferrous anvil produced weak permanent magnets.

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Han, Zefeng, Engang Wang, and Lin Xu. "Study the Effect of SEN Depth on Jet Flow and Level Fluctuation under Permanent Magnet Controlling in Continuous Casting Mould by Numerical Simulation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2329, no. 1 (2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2329/1/012010.

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Abstract In this paper, a new method named permanent magnet controlling mould to get majorization flow pattern and suppress fluctuation of free surface was proposed. The effect of permanent magnet controlling on the molten steel in the continuous casting process is simulated by using k-ε turbulence model. The features of permanent magnetic field and flow field inside a 1450 mm × 230 mm mould with combined permanent magnets have been calculated. The calculated results showed that the magnetic field generated by combined permanent magnets could take over both meniscus region and jet flow impinge

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28

Yang, YiFei, and XiaoBin Zhu. "Analysis of the operating principle of a dual-armature consequent-pole bearingless flux reversal permanent magnet machine." AIP Advances 12, no. 8 (2022): 085315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0083907.

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This paper proposes a new type of dual-armature alternating pole bearingless magnetic flux reverse permanent magnet machine, which combines the advantages of the alternating pole structure and the dual-armature structure. This machine shows the advantages of high torque density and good fault tolerance, which can not only reduce the number of permanent magnets but also further improve the machine’s torque. It is suitable for use in wind power, aerospace, and other applications. The dual-armature alternating pole bearingless magnetic flux reverse permanent magnet machine is used to improve the

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Goll, Dagmar, Felix Trauter, Ralf Loeffler, Thomas Gross, and Gerhard Schneider. "Additive Manufacturing of Textured FePrCuB Permanent Magnets." Micromachines 12, no. 9 (2021): 1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12091056.

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Permanent magnets based on FePrCuB were realized on a laboratory scale through additive manufacturing (laser powder bed fusion, L-PBF) and book mold casting (reference). A well-adjusted two-stage heat treatment of the as-cast/as-printed FePrCuB alloys produces hard magnetic properties without the need for subsequent powder metallurgical processing. This resulted in a coercivity of 0.67 T, remanence of 0.67 T and maximum energy density of 69.8 kJ/m3 for the printed parts. While the annealed book-mold-cast FePrCuB alloys are easy-plane permanent magnets (BMC magnet), the printed magnets are char

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Accardo, Antonella, Trentalessandro Costantino, and Ezio Spessa. "LCA of Recycled (NdDy)FeB Permanent Magnets through Hydrogen Decrepitation." Energies 17, no. 4 (2024): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17040908.

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Compared to conventional fossil-fueled vehicles, electric vehicles offer several environmental benefits. However, even electric vehicles are not completely environmentally friendly because many of their parts are not recycled today. These parts, especially the magnets that power them, end up in landfills at the end of the vehicle’s life cycle. This study aims to evaluate the environmental impacts of recycled (NdDy)FeB permanent magnets obtained by means of a novel hydrogen-decrepitation-based, magnet-to-magnet recycling technique. The Life Cycle Assessment methodology was used to compare, on a

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Vijay, V. Warhate. "Exposure to Electro-Magnetic Fields: Global Standards for Packaging, Safety Certification and Handling of Magnetic Material." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 4, no. 18 (2023): 79–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8045823.

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Superconducting electromagnets, ambient temperature electromagnets, permanent magnets, rare-earth magnets are Hazardous Magnetic Materials. According to Biological effects and epidemiological studies (100 kHz–300 GHz),  available experimental evidence indicates that the exposure of resting humans for approximately 30 min to EMF producing a whole-body SAR of between 1 and 4 W kg<sup>-1</sup>. Individuals with pacemakers or internal medical devices should use caution when handling strong magnets. Magnetic fields may affect the operation of these devices. Packaging, Labelling and Safet

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Yang, Jiajia, Rujun Wu, and Chenbing Wang. "Effect of Permanent Magnet Segmentation Structure on Eddy Current Loss of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2655, no. 1 (2023): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2655/1/012026.

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Abstract For this essay, the mechanism of cutting a magnet to reduce its loss is investigated using the equivalent circuit of magnet segmentation, and the method is verified by the finite element method. The results indicate that the segmentation of magnets can effectively reduce the eddy current loss of magnets. The larger the product of segmented lengths is, the smaller the eddy current loss is. The higher the number of segments is, the lower of loss value is. The rotational speed and eddy current loss are in the square. Load multiple and eddy current loss is in cubic growth.

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Iwashita, Yoshihisa, Masashi Abe, Tomoki Yako, Yasuhiro Fuwa, and Nobuhiro Terunuma. "Bipolar Correction Magnet With Permanent Magnets." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 30, no. 4 (2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2020.2968042.

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Fujii, Nobuo, Kokichi Ogawa, and Toshio Matsumoto. "Revolving magnet wheels with permanent magnets." Electrical Engineering in Japan 116, no. 1 (1996): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.4391160110.

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Martinez, Maria, David Reigosa, Daniel Fernandez, and Fernando Briz. "Comparative Analysis of High Frequency Signal Injection Based Torque Estimation Methods for SPMSM, IPMSM and SynRM." Energies 13, no. 3 (2020): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030592.

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Torque estimation in permanent magnet synchronous machines and synchronous reluctance machines is required in many applications. Torque produced by a permanent magnet synchronous machine depends on the permanent magnets’ flux and d q -axes inductances, whereas torque in synchronous reluctance machines depends on the d q -axes inductances. Consequently, precise knowledge of these parameters is required for proper torque estimation. The use of high frequency signal both for permanent magnets’ flux and d q -axes inductances estimation has been recently shown to be a viable option. This paper revi

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Möwius, Stefan, Nicolas Kropff, and Mircea Velicescu. "Measurement technologies for permanent magnets." ACTA IMEKO 7, no. 4 (2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v7i4.572.

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<p class="Abstract">Permanent magnets have a broad application in many important fields in modern technology. They have become indispensable in the automotive, aerospace, acoustic, telecommunications, energy generation, and many more industries. Physically, a permanent magnet is a metastable system. Fluctuations in composition and processing parameters can cause fluctuations in magnetic properties. To obtain the optimal performance in their application, users require careful control of non-machined parts and of the finished machined magnets. In most cases, the measurement of the final co

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Wu, Shasha, Baojian Wang, Tao Zhang, and Quanhao Gu. "Design Optimization and Electromagnetic Performance Analysis of an Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor with Unequal-Thickness Magnets." Applied Sciences 12, no. 15 (2022): 7863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12157863.

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To improve electromagnetic performance, an axial-flux permanent magnet brushless DC motor (AFPMBLDCM) with unequal-thickness arc permanent magnets is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the structure and magnetic circuit of the AFPMBLDCM with unequal-thickness arc permanent magnets were designed. Then, the mathematical models and design method of the main parameters were derived. According to the rated power and rated speed, the main parameters were further designed, and the analytical model was established by using Maxwell 3D. The air-gap flux density, back electromotive force (EMF) and torque u

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Corner, W. D. "Permanent magnets." Physics in Technology 19, no. 4 (1988): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4624/19/4/305.

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Wang, Zhi Hua, Mei Zhang, Na Li, and Li Wang. "Simulation and Experimental Study of Oscillator for Permanent Magnet Vibration-to-Electrical Power Generator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 483 (December 2013): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.483.158.

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This paper presents the simulation and testing of Vibration-to-Electrical Power Generators (VEPG) with different kinds of permanent magnet oscillators for scavenging ambient vibrations. The finite element method is used for magnetic fields calculation. Firstly, single permanent magnet type oscillators are simulated under the sinusoidal vibration. The calculation results show that the permanent magnet oscillator with diameter 20 mm and height 5 mm will realize 4 V peak-peak voltage. Secondly, multiple permanent magnets type oscillators are simulated under the same vibration and comparative stud

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Efremov, Dmitry, Alla Gerasimova, Nikita Kislykh, and Cristina Shaibel. "Additive Technology Methods for Manufacturing Permanent Magnets." MATEC Web of Conferences 346 (2021): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134601010.

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The paper presents the results of studying the possibility of using the selective laser melting method for production of permanent magnets. This process allows to manufacture not only product models and prototypes, but also finished functional products by adding material layer by layer and bonding particles and layers to each other. We have considered the application areas of selective laser melting (SLM) based on powders obtained by different methods for the study. In addition, we have analyzed the traditional magnetic alloy casting technology, studied magnetic materials, and compared the pow

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Baek, Soo-Whang, ., and . "Study on Improvement of Torque Characteristics of IPM BLDC Motor for Electric Water Pump using Ferrite Magnet." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.39 (2018): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.39.23696.

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Background/Objectives: The objectives of this study are to propose a design method to replace the permanent magnets of brushless DC (BLDC) motors used in electric water pumps (EWPs) with ferrite materials and to improve the torque characteristics.Methods/Statistical analysis: Using the proposed design algorithm presented in this study, the shape of the ferrite permanent magnet used in the rotor was changed, and the output at the same level was confirmed when compared with that of the conventional model that uses rare-earth magnet. In addition, finite element (FE) analysis verified that the cog

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Oka, Masaru, Takashi Todaka, Masato Enokizono, Kousuke Nagaya, and Tomoyuki Fujita. "Study on Improvement of Transmission Torque for a Surface Permanent Magnet Type Magnetic Gear." Materials Science Forum 721 (June 2012): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.721.237.

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Magnetic gears are a force transmitter consisting of permanent magnets. The mechanical input can be transmitted to an output shaft without contact by magnetic forces. The magnetic gears are not worn out because there is no friction. As a result, the running costs such as the maintenance fee can be suppressed and the resources can be saved. However, the transmission torques of the conventional magnetic gears, which have so far been developed, are very low. Besides, new structure models designed for high torque density need a lot of permanent magnets and multi-pole constructions. Those structure

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Lee, Oliver Mitchell, and Mohammadali Abbasian. "Reducing Rare-Earth Magnet Reliance in Modern Traction Electric Machines." Energies 18, no. 9 (2025): 2274. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18092274.

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Currently, electric machines predominantly rely on costly rare-earth NdFeB magnets, which pose both economic and environmental challenges due to rising demand. This research explores recent advancements in machine topologies and magnetic materials to identify and assess promising solutions to this issue. The study investigates two alternative machine topologies to the conventional permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM): the permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance machine (PMaSynRM), which reduces magnet usage, and the wound-field synchronous machine (WFSM), which eliminates magne

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Garwood, Davis, Liyu Liu, Jirayu Mongkolkiattichai, Jin Yang, and Peter Schauss. "A hybrid Zeeman slower for lithium." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 3 (2022): 033202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0081080.

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Zeeman slowers come in two commonly used types: electromagnet-based slowers and permanent-magnet slowers. Both have characteristic advantages and disadvantages. The electric currents required to create strong magnetic fields lead to heat dissipation that limits the achievable fields, while permanent-magnet slowers cause bias magnetic fields at the position of the magneto-optical trap. Here, we combine both approaches and their advantages at our lithium-6 triangular-lattice quantum gas microscope and extend the field of an electromagnet-based Zeeman slower using permanent magnets. We observe ne

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Kryshchuk, R. S. "APPLICATION OF PHASE CURRENT LOOPS FOR MODELING THE HARMONIC MAGNETIC FIELD OF A MAGNETOELECTRIC GENERATOR." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2024, no. 5 (2024): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2024.05.030.

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The model of electromagnetic field of a magnetoelectric generator with a smooth cylindrical rotor and surface-mounted permanent magnets is investigated. Permanent magnets are interpreted using complex amplitudes of a system of current loops with harmonic currents. The aim of the study is to develop a mathematical model for calculating the harmonic magnetic field of a magnetoelectric generator with permanent magnets by replacing the permanent magnets with phase current loops with complex current amplitudes and to investigate its adequacy. Three variations of model representation of permanent ma

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Dobzhanskyi, Oleksandr, Viktor Grebenikov, Rupert Gouws, Rostyslav Gamaliia, and Eklas Hossain. "Comparative Thermal and Demagnetization Analysis of the PM Machines with Neodymium and Ferrite Magnets." Energies 15, no. 12 (2022): 4484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15124484.

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This paper provides computer analysis and experiential investigation of the permanent magnet machines with neodymium and ferrite permanent magnets to discuss the feasibility of utilizing induction machines-oriented equipment for PM machine production. For this purpose, the machines are obtained by replacing the squirrel-cage rotor of the induction motor with the flux-focusing (tangential) and surface-mounted (radial) permanent magnet rotors. Electromechanical parameters of the machines as electromagnetic torque and output power are discussed and compared. The temperatures of the neodymium and

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Kriswanto, Rizqi Fitri Nuryanto, Renaldy Prasdiansyah, et al. "Analysis of an Axial Permanent Magnetic Bearing for 1MW Horizontal Axis Wind." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 94, no. 1 (2022): 172–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.94.1.172187.

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One way to reduce maintenance costs while improving wind turbine efficiency is to replace mechanical bearings with permanent magnetic bearings. The permanent magnetic bearing is a free contact bearing in which the rotor is elevated from the stator by the magnet's repelling force. The purpose of this study is to analyze the variation of permanent magnet width and the gap distance between the rotor-stator magnets that can produce the magnetic axial force opposing the thrust force of 1MW horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT). The method used in this study is a magnetic force simulation using finit

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Kappel, Wilhelm. "Energy saving using permanent magnets on the electric machines." Journal of Engineering Sciences and Innovation 4, no. 1 (2019): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.56958/jesi.2019.4.1.57.

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The paper deals with the energy balance of permanent magnets in their circuit of use, when its permeance varies. The focus is on the dynamic-permanent circuit, in which the magnet is magnetized in the circuit. Its main features are defined and described operation using the demagnetization curve, the load line and the return curve. It is demonstrated that performing mechanical work in a cyclical evolution is possible only by external energy input. The different types of permanent magnets are presented and described to be used at high temperature. Electric motors that use permanent magnets inste

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Paranthaman, M. Parans, Volkan Yildirim, Tej Nath Lamichhane, et al. "Additive Manufacturing of Isotropic NdFeB PPS Bonded Permanent Magnets." Materials 13, no. 15 (2020): 3319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153319.

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Extrusion based additive manufacturing of polymer composite magnets can increase the solid loading volume fraction with greater mechanical force through the printing nozzle as compared to traditional injection molding process. About 63 vol% of isotropic NdFeB magnet powders were compounded with 37 vol% of polyphenylene sulfide and bonded permanent magnets were fabricated while using Big Area Additive Manufacturing without any degradation in magnetic properties. The polyphenylene sulfide bonded magnets have a tensile stress of 20 MPa, almost double than that of nylon bonded permanent magnets. A

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Koleleni, Yusuf Ismail. "Relationship between Temperature and the Magnetic Strength." Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics 9, no. 1 (2025): 57–69. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2025/v9i1182.

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The magnetic field will attract ferrous materials like iron or nickel. It also attracts or repels other magnets depending, on the polarity of the other magnets Permanent magnets are made from materials that will remain magnetized and are hence able to maintain the magnetic field around them continuously. The study aims at investigating the effect of temperature on the strength of magnets; emphasizing both the scientific and practical significance the work provides knowledge to undertand the properties of magnets of its strength when confronted with different temperatures. Once the results are

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