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Books on the topic 'Permanent plot'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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1

Alberta. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development. Permanent sample plot (psp) field procedures manual. Edmonton: Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Public Lands and Forests Division, Forest Management Branch, 2005.

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2

Alberta. Public Lands and Forests Division. Permanent sample plot (PSP) field procedures manual. Edmonton, AB: Public lands and forests division, 2005.

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3

Karsh, M. B. Guidelines for editing permanent sample plot data. St. John's, Nfld: Forestry Canada, Newfoundland and Labrador Region, 1993.

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4

Curtis, Robert O. Permanent-plot procedures for silvicultural and yield research. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2005.

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Curtis, Robert O. Permanent-plot procedures for silvicultural and yield research. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2005.

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6

Curtis, Robert O. Permanent-plot procedures for silvicultural and yield research. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2005.

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7

Suleiman, Monica. An introduction to the Crocker Range Park permanent research plot project. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia]: Penerbit UMS, 2007.

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8

1961-, Porter Kevin B., and Atlantic Forestry Centre, eds. New Brunswick Permanent Sample Plot Database (PSPDB v1.0): User's guide and analysis. Fredericton, N.B: Atlantic Forestry Centre, 2001.

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9

United States. Bureau of Land Management. Nevada State Office. Results of 1990 vegetation and tortoise surveys of the Gold Butte permanent study plot, Nevada. Reno, NV: Bureau of Land Management, 1990.

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10

L, Radford G., and Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, eds. Register of permanent vegetation plots. Abbots Ripton, Huntingdon: Natural Environment Research Council, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, 1986.

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11

Schmid-Haas, Paul. Forest inventories by unmarked permanent sample plots: Instructions. Birmensdorf [Switzerland]: Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 1993.

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12

Ambon, Indonesia) Workshop Strategi Monitoring &. Pelaporan Plot Sampel Permanen di Propinsi Maluku (2013. Prosiding Workshop Strategi Monitoring & Pelaporan Plot Sampel Permanen di Propinsi Maluku. Bogor, Indonesia: Kementerian Kehutanan, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perubahan Iklim dan Kebijakan, 2013.

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13

Gibson, K. E. Permanent mountain pine beetle population trend plots: An update, 1985. Missoula, Mont: United States Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, 1985.

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14

Indonesia) Workshop Strategi Monitoring & Pelaporan Plot Sampel Permanen di Propinsi Sumatera Barat (2013 Padang. Prosiding Workshop Strategi Monitoring & Pelaporan Plot Sampel Permanen di Propinsi Sumatera Barat. Bogor, Indonesia: Kementerian Kehutanan, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perubahan Iklim dan Kebijakan, 2013.

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15

Mataram, Indonesia) Workshop Strategi Monitoring &. Pelaporan Plot Sampel Permanen di Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (2013. Prosiding Workshop Strategi Monitoring & Pelaporan Plot Sampel Permanen di Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Bogor, Indonesia: Kementerian Kehutanan, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Iklim dan Kebijakan, 2013.

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16

Byrne, John C. Distribution of permanent plots to evaluate silvicultural treatments in the Inland Empire. Ogden, UT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1988.

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17

Clay, Douglas. Can permanent sample plots conducted by non-foresters be used for monitoring? [Halifax, N.S: Parks Canada, Atlantic Region], 1997.

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18

Bellingham, Peter. Review of permanent plots for long-term monitoring of New Zealand's indigenous forests. Wellington, N.Z: Dept. of Conservation, 2000.

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19

Hawksworth, Frank G. Permanent plots for quantifying damage caused by western dwarf mistletoes and their spread and intensification. [Fort Collins, Colo.]: Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1990.

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20

Kelly, Doug. Ground vegetation on permanent plots undergoing forest management on the Montague River watershed, Prince Edward Island. Charlottetown: University of Prince Edward Island, 1988.

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21

Byler, James W. Establishment report: Permanent plots to evaluate the effects of Armillaria root disease in precommercially thinned stands. Missoula, Mont: United States Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, State & Private Forestry, 1985.

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22

Kegley, Sandy. Establishment report for dougls-fir [i.e. douglas-fir] tussock moth permanent plots on the Clearwater National Forest. Missoula, MT: USDA Forest Service, Northern Region, 2003.

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23

Kuswata, Kartawinata, and Center for International Forestry Research., eds. A field guide to the permanent sample plots in the reduced-impact logging block 27 at CIFOR Malinau research forest East Kalimantan. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research, 2006.

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24

Kartawinata, Kuswata. A field guide to the permanent sample plots in the conventional logging blocks 28 & 29 at CIFOR Malinau research forest East Kalimantan. Bogor Barat, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research, 2006.

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25

Mason, Robert R. Monitoring larval populations of the Douglas-fir tussock moth and the western spruce budworm on permanent plots: Sampling methods and statistical properties of data. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1994.

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26

Mason, Richard R. Monitoring larval populations of the Douglas-fir tussock moth and the western spruce budworm on permanent plots: Sampling methods and statistical properties of data. Portland, Or. (333 S.W. First Ave., P.O. Box 3890, Portland 97208-3890): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1994.

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27

Otsamo, Riikka. Development of natural floodplain forest along Tana River close to Bura Irrigation and Settlement Scheme in Tana River District, Kenya: Results from the permanent sample plots (TANFOR). Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Forestry Research Institute, 1992.

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28

EuroMAB and United States. Dept. of State. Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs., eds. Access 1996: A directory of permanent plots which monitor flora, fauna, climate, hydrology, soil, geology, and the effects of anthropogenic changes at 132 biosphere reserves in 27 countries. [Washington, D.C.?]: Dept. of State, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, 1996.

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29

Sopron Workshop (1993 Sopron, Hungary). Assessment of increment in permanent monitoring plots established to determine the effects of air pollution on forests: Proceedings of the Sopron Workshop, August 28 to September 1, 1993, Sopron, Hungary. Edited by Innes John L, Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft., United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe., and Commission of the European Communities. Birmensdorf: Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 1994.

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30

Martin, Schütz, Krüsi Bertil O, and Edwards Peter J, eds. Succession research in the Swiss National Park: From Braun-Blanquet's permanent plots to models of long-term ecological change = Sukzessionsforschung im Schweizerischen Nationalpark : von Braun-Blanquet's Dauerflächen zur Modellierung langfristiger ökologischer Entwicklungen. Zernez: Research Council of the Swiss National Park, 2000.

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31

Taylor, Jane. Permanent plots for studying the spread and intensification of larch dwarf mistletoe and the effects of the parasite on growth of infected western larch on the Flathead Indian Reservation, Montana: Results from the 5-year re-measurement. [Missoula, Mont: United States Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region], 1997.

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32

Manual for permanent research plot in Crocker Range Park: Plot establishment, tree census, monitoring and data analysis. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah: Research and Education Component, Bornean Biodiversity and Ecosystem Conservation Programme in Sabah, 2006.

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33

Ontario growth and yield program quality assurance procedures for permanent sample plots. Sault Ste. Marie, Ont: Ministry of Natural Resources, 1995.

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34

Szewczyk, Janusz. Rola zaburzeń w kształtowaniu struktury i dynamiki naturalnych lasów bukowo-jodłowo-świerkowych w Karpatach Zachodnich. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-35-9.

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The aim of the study was to determine the influence of different disturbances (both natural and anthropogenic) on species composition and stand structure of old-growth mixed mountain forests in the Western Carpathians. These stands are usually dominated by beech, fir and spruce, mixed in different proportions. The tree main species represent different growth strategies, and they compete against each other. The longevity of trees makes the factors influencing the stand structure difficult to identify, even during longitudinal studies conducted on permanent research plots. That is why dendroecological techniques, based upon the annual variability of tree rings, are commonly used to analyze the disturbance histories of old-growth stands. Dendroecological methods make it possible to reconstruct the stand history over several centuries in the past by analyzing the frequency, intensity, duration and spatial scale of disturbances causing the death of trees. Combining the dendroecological techniques with the detailed measurements of stand structure, snag volume, CWD volume, and the analyses of regeneration species composition and structure allows us to identify the factors responsible for the changes in dynamics of mixed mountain forests. Various disturbance agents affect some species selectively, while some disturbances promote the establishment of tree seedlings of specific species by modifying environmental conditions. Describing the disturbance regime requires a broad scope of data on stand structure, on dead wood and tree regeneration, while various factors affecting all the stages of tree growth should be taken into consideration. On the basis of the already published data from permanent sample plots, combined with the available disturbance history analyses from the Western Carpathians, three research hypotheses were formulated. 1. The species composition of mixed mountain forests has been changing for at least several decades. These directional changes are the consequence of simultaneous conifer species decline and expansion of beech. 2. The observed changes in species composition of mixed mountain forests are the effect of indirect anthropogenic influences, significantly changing tree growth conditions also in the forests that are usually considered natural or near-natural. Cumulative impact of these indirect influences leads to the decrease of fir share in the tree layer (spruce decline has also been observed recently),and it limits the representation of this species among seedlings and saplings. The final effect is the decrease of fir and spruce share in the forest stands. 3. Small disturbances, killing single trees or small groups of trees, and infrequent disturbances of medium size and intensity dominate the disturbance regime in mixed mountain forests. The present structure of beech-fir-spruce forests is shaped both by complex disturbance regime and indirect anthropogenic influences. The data were gathered in permanent sample plots in strictly protected areas of Babia Góra, Gorce, and Tatra National Parks, situated in the Western Carpathians. All plots were located in the old-growth forest stands representing Carpathian beech forest community. The results of the measurements of trees, snags, coarse woody debris (CWD) and tree regeneration were used for detailed description of changes in the species composition and structure of tree stands. Tree ring widths derived from increment cores were used to reconstruct the historical changes in tree growth trends of all main tree species, as well as the stand disturbance history within the past two to three hundred years. The analyses revealed complex disturbance history in all of the three forest stands. Intermediate disturbances of variable intensity occurred, frequently separated by the periods of low tree mortality lasting from several decades up to over one hundred years. The intervals between the disturbances were significantly shorter than the expected length of forest developmental cycle, in commonly used theories describing the dynamics of old-growth stands. During intermediate disturbances up to several dozen percent of canopy trees were killed. There were no signs of stand-replacing disturbances, killing all or nearly all of canopy trees. The periods of intense tree mortality were followed by subsequent periods of increased sapling recruitment. Variability in disturbance intensity is one of the mechanisms promoting the coexistence of beech and conifer species in mixed forests. The recruitment of conifer saplings depended on the presence of larger gaps, resulting from intermediate disturbances, while beech was more successful in the periods of low mortality. However, in the last few decades, beech seems to benefit from the period of intense fir mortality. This change results from the influence of long-term anthropogenic disturbances, affecting natural mechanisms that maintain the coexistence of different tree species and change natural disturbance regimes. Indirect anthropogenic influence on tree growth was clearly visible in the gradual decrease of fir increments in the twentieth century, resulting from the high level of air pollution in Europe. Synchronous decreases of fir tree rings’ widths were observed in all three of the sample plots, but the final outcomes depended on the fir age. In most cases, the damage to the foliage limited the competitive abilities of fir, but it did not cause a widespread increase in tree mortality, except for the oldest firs in the BGNP (Babia Góra National Park) plot. BGNP is located in the proximity of industrial agglomeration of Upper Silesia, and it could be exposed to higher level of air pollution than the other two plots. High level of fir regeneration browsing due to the deer overabundance and insufficient number of predators is the second clear indication of the indirect anthropogenic influence on mixed mountain forests. Game impact on fir regeneration is the most pronounced in Babia Góra forests, where fir was almost completely eliminated from the saplings. Deer browsing seems to be the main factor responsible for limiting the number of fir saplings and young fir trees, while the representation of fir among seedlings is high. The experiments conducted in fenced plots located in the mixed forests in BGNP proved that fir and sycamore were the most preferred by deer species among seedlings and saplings. In GNP (Gorce National Park) and TNP (Tatra National Park), the changes in species composition of tree regeneration are similar, but single firs or even small groups of firs are present among saplings. It seems that all of the analysed mixed beech-fir-spruce forests undergo directional changes, causing a systematic decrease in fir representation, and the expansion of beech. This tendency results from the indirect anthropogenic impact, past and present. Fir regeneration decline, alongside with the high level of spruce trees’ mortality in recent years, may lead to a significant decrease in conifers representation in the near future, and to the expansion of beech forests at the cost of mixed ones.

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35

Long-term monitoring of biological diversity in tropical forest areas: Methods for establishment and inventory of permanent plots. Paris: Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 1992.

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36

Radcliffe, Ann, and Terry Castle. The Mysteries of Udolpho. Edited by Bonamy Dobrée. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199537419.001.0001.

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‘Her present life appeared like the dream of a distempered imagination, or like one of those frightful fictions, in which the wild genius of the poets sometimes delighted. Rreflections brought only regret, and anticipation terror.’ Such is the state of mind in which Emily St. Aubuert – the orphaned heroine of Ann Radcliffe’s 1794 gothic Classic, The Mysteries of Udolpho – finds herself after Count Montoni, her evil guardian, imprisions her in his gloomy medieval fortress in the Appenines. Terror is the order of the day inside the walls of Udolpho, as Emily struggles against Montoni’s rapacious schemes and the threat of her own psychological disintegration. A best-seller in its day and a potent influence on Walpole, Poe, and other writers of eighteenth and nineteenth-century Gothic horror, The Mysteries of Udolpho remains one of the most important works in the history of European fiction. As the same time, with its dream-like plot and hallucinatory rendering of its characters’ psychological states, it often seems strangely modern: ‘permanently avant-garde’ in Terry Castle’s words, and a profound and fascinating challenge to contemporary readers.

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37

Smith, Hannah. Armies and Political Change in Britain, 1660-1750. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851998.001.0001.

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Armies and Political Change in Britain, 1660–1750 argues that armies had a profound impact on the major political events of late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century Britain. Opening with the controversial creation of a permanent army to protect the restored Stuart monarchy in 1660–1, this original and important book examines how armies defended or destroyed regimes during the Exclusion Crisis, Monmouth’s Rebellion, the Revolution of 1688–9, and the Jacobite rebellions and plots of the post-1714 period, including the ’15 and ’45. The book explores the political ideas of ‘common soldiers’ and army officers and analyses their political engagements in a divisive, partisan world. The threat or hope of military intervention into politics preoccupied the era. Would a monarch employ the army to circumvent parliament and annihilate Protestantism? Might the army determine the succession to the throne? Could an ambitious general use armed force to achieve supreme political power? These questions troubled successive generations of men and women as the British army developed into a lasting and costly component of the state and emerged as a highly successful fighting force during the War of the Spanish Succession. Armies and Political Change in Britain, 1660–1750 deploys an innovative periodization to explore significant continuities and developments across the reigns of seven monarchs spanning almost a century. Using a vivid and extensive array of archival, literary, and artistic material, the book presents a striking new perspective on the political and military history of Britain

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38

Stevenson, Robert Louis. South Sea Tales. Edited by Roslyn Jolly. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199536085.001.0001.

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The literary world was shocked when in 1889, at the height of his career, Robert Louis Stevenson announced his intention to settle permanently on the Pacific island of Samoa. His readers were equally shocked when he began to use the subject material offered by his new environment, not to promote a romance of empire, but to produce some of the most ironic and critical treatments of imperialism in nineteenth-century fiction. In these stories, as in his work generally, Stevenson shows himself to be a virtuoso of narrative styles: his Pacific fiction includes the domestic realism of ‘The Beach at Falesé, the folktale plots of ‘The Bottle Imp’ and ‘The Isle of Voices’, and the modernist blending of naturalism and symbolism in The Ebb-Tide. But beyond their generic diversity the stories are linked by their concern with representing the multiracial society of which their author had become a member. In this collection - the first to bring together all his shorter Pacific fiction in one volume - Stevenson emerges as a witness both to the cross- cultural encounters of nineteenth-century imperialism and to the creation of the global culture which characterizes the post-colonial world.

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39

Maarel, E. van der, P. Poissonet, F. Romane, and M. A. Austin. Vegetation Dynamics in Grasslans, Heathlands and Mediterranean Ligneous Formations: Symposium of the Working Groups for Succession Research on Permanent Plots, and Data-Processing in Phytosociology of the International Society for Vegetation Science, Held at Montpellier, France, September 1980. Springer, 2012.

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40

Maarel, E. van der, P. Poissonet, F. Romane, and M. A. Austin. Vegetation Dynamics in Grasslans, Heathlands and Mediterranean Ligneous Formations: Symposium of the Working Groups for Succession Research on Permanent Plots, and Data-Processing in Phytosociology of the International Society for Vegetation Science, Held at Montpellier, France, September 1980. Springer, 2011.

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