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Journal articles on the topic 'Permanent plot'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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1

Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Mark Burkitt, Simon Lewis, and Oliver Phillips. "ForestPlots.net – managing permanent plot information across the tropics." Biodiversity & Ecology 4 (September 10, 2012): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7809/b-e.00064.

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2

Vanclay, Jerome K. "TROPIS : Tree Growth and Permanent Plot Information System." Journal of Forest Planning 4, no. 1 (1998): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.20659/jfp.4.1_1.

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3

Buttler, A. "Permanent plot research in wet meadows and cutting experiment." Vegetatio 103, no. 2 (December 1992): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00047697.

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4

Smits, N. A. C., J. H. J. Schaminée, and L. Duuren. "70 years of permanent plot research in The Netherlands." Applied Vegetation Science 5, no. 1 (February 24, 2002): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-109x.2002.tb00541.x.

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5

Beetson, Trevor, Marks Nester, and Jerry Vanclay. "Enhancing a Permanent Sample Plot System in Natural Forests." Statistician 41, no. 5 (1992): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2348919.

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6

Peet, Robert, Michael Lee, Michael Jennings, and Don Faber-Langendoen. "VegBank – a permanent, open-access archive for vegetation-plot data." Biodiversity & Ecology 4 (September 10, 2012): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7809/b-e.00080.

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7

Myster, Randall W. "Vegetation Dynamics of a Permanent Pasture Plot in Puerto Rico1." BIOTROPICA 35, no. 3 (2003): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1646/02053.

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8

Myster, Randall W. "Vegetation Dynamics of a Permanent Pasture Plot in Puerto Rico1." Biotropica 35, no. 3 (September 2003): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2003.tb00596.x.

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9

Sulistyawati, Endah, Nuri Nurlaila Setiawan, Ahmad Iqbal, Reza Alhumaira, Sylvanita Fitriana, Theo Syamuda, and Devi Nandita Choesin. "Forest tree dynamics from the first four years of permanent plot in Mount Papandayan, Indonesia: mortality, recruitment, and growth." Annals of Forest Research 65, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15287/afr.2022.2117.

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A permanent plot is a powerful tool to study the vegetation’s dynamics and regeneration in the forest ecosystem. This study presents the first four-year tree vegetation monitoring in a one-hectare permanent plot established in a mixed forest of Mount Papandayan (MP) Nature Reserve, Indonesia. Besides studying the structure and floristic tree community composition in the plot, this study aims to study the changes and in mortality and growth of the tree community after four years of plot establishment. A one-hectare permanent plot was established in 2010 and all trees inside the plot with a diameter over 5 cm were tagged and measured in 2011 and 2015. There were 1,820 trees from 33 species and 20 families recorded during the first monitoring in 2011. Four years later, there were more trees recorded (1,845 trees) with an average growth rate of 1.17 cm. The mortality rate (2.8%) was lower than the recruitment rate (4.2%) and there were no changes in the domination of Distylium stellare. The results of this study will help to provide the preliminary data on actual in situ tree mortality and growth, which will help to develop a more complete tree species selection criteria for MP restoration.

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10

Small, Erin D., Jeremy S. Wilson, and Alan J. Kimball. "Methodology for the Re-location of Permanent Plot Markers Using Spatial Analysis." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/24.1.30.

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Abstract A well-designed method of establishing, maintaining, and remeasuring permanent plots plays an essential role in long-term data collection. This article describes the re-location of plots set up 25 years earlier using conventional techniques of paced distances and compass directions. As a result, we needed to design and use a method for re-locating plot markers originally established without the benefit of spatial coordinates. Preplanned ground searches using a GIS, digital orthophotoquads, landmark maps, and aerial photographs improved our plot location efficiency and success. In 2003, we were able to re-locate 90% of the plots set up in 1978 to measure the vegetation dynamics after a fire in Baxter State Park, Maine. The spatial coordinates of these permanent plots were documented for future measurement. Lessons learned and techniques developed for this project can facilitate the re-location of permanent plots in other studies and can also be used to improve the documentation of newly established plot locations.

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11

Peereman, Jonathan, James Aaron Hogan, and Teng-Chiu Lin. "Landscape Representation by a Permanent Forest Plot and Alternative Plot Designs in a Typhoon Hotspot, Fushan, Taiwan." Remote Sensing 12, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12040660.

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Permanent forest dynamics plots have provided valuable insights into many aspects of forest ecology. The evaluation of their representativeness within the landscape is necessary to understanding the limitations of findings from permanent plots at larger spatial scales. Studies on the representativeness of forest plots with respect to landscape heterogeneity and disturbance effect have already been carried out, but knowledge of how multiple disturbances affect plot representativeness is lacking—particularly in sites where several disturbances can occur between forest plot censuses. This study explores the effects of five typhoon disturbances on the Fushan Forest Dynamics Plot (FFDP) and its surrounding landscape, the Fushan Experimental Forest (FEF), in Taiwan where typhoons occur annually. The representativeness of the FFDP for the FEF was studied using four topographical variables derived from a digital elevation model and two vegetation indices (VIs), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Infrared Index (NDII), calculated from Landsat-5 TM, Landsat-7 ETM+, and Landsat-8 OLI data. Representativeness of four alternative plot designs were tested by dividing the FFDP into subplots over wider elevational ranges. Results showed that the FFDP neither represents landscape elevational range (<10%) nor vegetation cover (<7% of the interquartile range, IQR). Although disturbance effects (i.e., ΔVIs) were also different between the FFDP and the FEF, comparisons showed no under- or over-exposure to typhoon damage frequency or intensity within the FFDP. In addition, the ΔVIs were of the same magnitudes in the plots and the reserve, and the plot covered 30% to 75.9% of IQRs of the reserve ΔVIs. Unexpectedly, the alternative plot designs did not lead to increased representation of damage for 3 out of the 4 tested typhoons and they did not suggest higher representativeness of rectangular vs. square plots. Based on the comparison of mean Euclidian distances, two rectangular plots had smaller distances than four square or four rectangular plots of the same area. Therefore, this study suggests that the current FFDP provides a better representation of its landscape disturbances than alternatives, which contained wider topographical variation and would be more difficult to conduct ground surveys. However, upscaling needs to be done with caution as, in the case of the FEF, plot representativeness varied among typhoons.

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12

Allen, Micky G., and Harold E. Burkhart. "A comparison of alternative data sources for modeling site index in loblolly pine plantations." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, no. 8 (August 2015): 1026–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0346.

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Site index curves are generally developed from one of three data sources: (i) permanent sample plots, (ii) temporary sample plots, or (iii) stem analysis data. Permanent sample plots are considered to be the best data source for modeling height–age relationships; however, due to time and cost constraints, analysts may consider using temporary sample plots or stem analysis data for equation fitting. Temporary sample plot and stem analysis data, although more quickly obtained, require assumptions that are often not met when modeling site index. The question becomes how models developed from temporary sample plot or stem analysis data compare with models developed from permanent sample plot data. Data from a region-wide study in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations were used to develop site index curves from each of the three data sources. A form of the Chapman–Richards model was used for all three data sources to guard against confounding and to discern differences among the data sources when modeling height–age relationships. For the comparison and evaluation of behavior of different functions, the Schumacher model was also fitted to the three data sources. Curves developed from temporary sample plot and stem analysis data did not reproduce the height growth pattern exhibited in permanent sample plots, although curves derived from temporary plots were closer to the height growth pattern.

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13

SHEIL, DOUGLAS, STEPHEN JENNINGS, and PETER SAVILL. "Long-term permanent plot observations of vegetation dynamics in Budongo, a Ugandan rain forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 16, no. 6 (November 2000): 865–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400001723.

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Species composition and turnover that have occurred in a series of permanent sample plots established during the 1930s and 1940s in Budongo, a semi-deciduous Ugandan forest, are reported. The plots were established as part of a sequence first used to describe forest succession, five of which have been maintained and which were last measured in 1992-1993. One plot (plot 7) provides 53 y of data from old-growth pristine forest. Plot 15 was established in wooded grassland at the forest edge and is now closed high forest. Evaluation of the remaining three plots is complicated by silvicultural interventions carried out in the 1950s. Forty species have been added since the first evaluations and a total of 188 tree species (over 80% of Budongo's forest tree flora, and including two exotics) has now been recorded from within the plots. The pattern of shade-tolerance in the original plot series conforms to patterns expected for succession with an increasing proportion of shade-tolerant species with development, and large stems appearing to ‘lag behind’ smaller stems in this respect. The time series data are less consistent, and while plot 7 increased in the proportion of shade-tolerant stems through time, the proportion of shade-tolerant species actually declines. Stem-turnover (the mean of mortality and recruitment) slowed with implied successional stage. Most species have a higher recruitment than mortality rate and stem numbers have thus increased in all plots. This is most pronounced in the putatively ‘early successional’ plot. Stem size structure has changed within the plots, with an increased proportion of smaller stems. Species show different rates of turnover and these vary from plot to plot and period to period. In plot 7, the overall mortality rate decreased with initial stem size. Estimates imply that some tree species may easily live longer than 500 y after reaching 10 cm DBH, and that 1000 y is possible. The importance of large trees in determining forest dynamics is illustrated by the finding that death of only seven stems in plot 7 contributed over 60% of net basal area losses recorded over the 53-y observation period. Many of the observed patterns were not predicted and could only have been found by long-term studies.

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14

Veska, J., J. Šebesta, and T. Kolář. "Changes of the mixed mountain virgin forest after 70 years on a permanent plot in the Ukrainian Carpathians 567." Journal of Forest Science 55, No. 12 (December 7, 2009): 567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/41/2009-jfs.

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During 2004–2006, another permanent research plot (No. 12) on Pop Ivan Marmarosh Mt. in the Zakarpattya province of Ukraine was renewed, i.e. re-measured and re-analyzed. The plot was originally established in the 30’s of the 20<sup>th</sup> century. The tree layer is dominated by European beech (<I>Fagus sylvatica</I> L.), with Silver fir (<I>Abies alba</I> Mill.) and Norway spruce (<I>Picea abies</I> [L.] Karst.) as often associated species, and with sycamore maple (<I>Acer pseudoplatanus</I> L.) growing occasionally in small groups. After 70 years, the tree species composition partly changed. Total live timber volume increased from 529.6 to 636.3 m<sup>3</sup>/ha. Considerable growth was recorded in beech, while the live timber volume of fir, spruce and sycamore maple did not almost change. Total number of trees (> 3 cm in dbh) increased from 737 trees/ha to 760 trees/ha. Number of beech trees increased markedly. On the contrary, fir and spruce showed a significant decrease in tree number. Interesting results emerged from the renewal of the permanent square plot (20 × 20 m), proving that beech is able to persist in the shade for more than 70 years with only minimal increment of both height and diameter.

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15

Grégoire, Timothy G., Oliver Schabenberger, and James P. Barrett. "Linear modelling of irregularly spaced, unbalanced, longitudinal data from permanent-plot measurements." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-017.

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A linear mixed-effects model that accounts for the covariances among repeated measurements and for random plot effects is developed. A continuous-time autocorrelation error structure permits the model to be applied to irregularly spaced, unbalanced data. A strategy for fitting this model and diagnostic tools for assessing its goodness of fit are presented and demonstrated. The model is fitted to two permanent-plot data bases and shows marked improvement compared with models that do not account for the error structure.

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16

Zachara, Tadeusz, and Wojciech Gil. "The damage caused by wind in middle-aged Scots pine stands on permanent thinning experimental plots." Folia Forestalia Polonica 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 300–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2021-0030.

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Abstract In July 2002, the very strong hurricane appeared in northern Poland, which caused destruction of forest cover of area more than 10,000 ha. The permanent thinning research plot in a 53-year-old pine stand located in Myszyniec forest district (150 km north of Warsaw) was lying on the edge of damaged area. The following treatments were tested on this plot: 1) control plot (without thinning); 2) schematic cut in 20-year-old stand, selective thinning to 40 years, then thinning from below; 3) schematic cut in 20-year-old stand, then selective thinning; 4) selective thinning in young stand (20–40 years), then thinning from below and 5) selective thinning all the time. A significant part of this plot was completely destroyed and in the other part of the plot, some trees survived. A small part of the plot resisted the wind attack. An analysis of the amount of destroyed trees (measured by basal area) showed no differences between particular silvicultural treatments. The level of damage differed between particular parts of the plot. Another plot located in Ostrów Mazowiecka forest district (100 km NE of Warsaw) with the same thinning treatments was touched by heavy wind in July 2011 when the stand was 62 years old. Unlike the hurricane of 2002, this storm did not destroy the experimental plot which was located outside the zone of heaviest calamity. Therefore, damage on this plot had point and group character. Although on particular measurement units, share of broken or fallen trees did not exceed 10% of total basal area, it can be observed that the lowest level of damage was noticed on plots with selective thinning in young age and thinning from below in older stand.

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17

Jones, Eileen L., and Lori D. Daniels. "Assessment of Dendrochronological Year-of-Death Estimates Using Permanent Sample Plot Data." Tree-Ring Research 68, no. 1 (January 2012): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3959/2010-10.1.

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18

Waring, Kristen M., Kristen J. Hansen, and William T. Flatley. "Evaluating Prescribed Fire Effectiveness Using Permanent Monitoring Plot Data: A Case Study." Fire Ecology 12, no. 3 (December 2016): 2–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.1203002.

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19

Zhang, Hong-wei, Chuan-bing Rong, Xiao-bo Du, Jian Zhang, Shao-ying Zhang, and Bao-gen Shen. "Investigation on intergrain exchange coupling of nanocrystalline permanent magnets by Henkel plot." Applied Physics Letters 82, no. 23 (June 9, 2003): 4098–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1576291.

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20

Burgess, Darwin, and Craig Robinson. "Canada's oldest permanent sample plots — thinning in white and red pine." Forestry Chronicle 74, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 606–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc74606-4.

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Two of the oldest permanent sample plots (PSPs) in Canada were set up at Petawawa, Ontario (45° 57′ N, 77° 34′ W) to examine the effect of thinning on the development of natural white (Pinus strobus L.) and red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait). Field data were collected periodically, starting in 1918 when the stand was 40 years old and continuing for 71 years. Six thinning treatments were completed, beginning in 1918, and then in 1933, 1941, 1959, 1969 and 1989. The intensity of thinning varied through time with 14, 27, 38, 8, 30, and 7% of the basal area removed. The sawlog volume mean annual increment for the thinned plot remained stable at about five m3 ha−1 yr−1, but the sawlog volume periodic annual increment for the control declined markedly during the last 10-year measurement period to less than 2 m3 ha−1 yr−1. The residual volume was higher in the control; but, if the harvested sawlog volume (264.5 m3 ha−1) was added to the residual sawlog volume (301.3 m3 ha−1) for PSP one, then the sawlog production on the thinned plot has been about the same and its residual volume concentrated on fewer, larger and more valuable trees. The level of natural mortality in the control plot (129.7 m3 ha−1 of sawlog volume) was greater than 10 times that in the thinned plot, thereby adding more coarse woody debris to improve wildlife habitat. These two approaches had a major influence on stand development. The approach used will depend on specific stand-level management objectives. Key words: white pine, red pine, natural stand management, shelterwood system, permanent sample plots.

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21

Bujakiewicz, Anna. "Response of macrofungi to mosaic arrangement of biotic microforms in the Ribo nigri-Alnetum in the Olszyny Niezgodzkie reserve." Acta Mycologica 34, no. 2 (August 20, 2014): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1999.016.

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22

Matveeva, N. V., E. Yu Milanovsky, and O. B. Rogova. "Changes in the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the organic matter of the chernozems of the Kamennaya Steppe." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 106 (March 27, 2021): 49–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2021-106-49-76.

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Soil samples and physical size-density fractions isolated from them (silt particle size less than 1 µm, light fraction (LF) with a density of less than 2 g/cm3 and a fraction of the residue) of ordinary chernozem were studied in three contrasting variants of the experimental fields of the Kamennaya Steppe agrolandscape of the Voronezh region: mowed steppe, long-term permanent bare fallow and permanent corn – the main differences of which are in tillage (cultivated and not cultivated lands) and in the supply/absence of plant residues and root secretions. The LF content changes in the series: “mowed steppe” > “permanent corn” > “permanent bare fallow”, which corresponds to the direction of changes in the total carbon content of the soil and a decrease in the value of the contact angle of wetting (CA) of the surface of the solid phase of the studied chernozems. The determination of the total C and N content revealed the change in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the size-density fractions for different land use cases. Chromatographic fractionation of alkaline extractions of humus substances (HS) of chernozem samples and size-density fractions revealed an increase in the degree of hydrophilicity of HS while simultaneously increasing the hydrophobicity of the solid phase surface and the carbon content in the soil. HS of LF of the “mowed steppe” turned out to be by 63% more hydrophilic than HS of LF of “permanent bare fallow” and by 47% more hydrophilic than HS of LF of “permanent corn”. While the hydrophilicity of the HS silt differed by 16 and 27%, respectively. The hydrophilicity of the HS of the original soil in the plot of the “mowed steppe” was by 41% higher than the hydrophilicity of the HS in the soil in the plot of “permanent bare fallow” and by 24% higher than in the soil of the plot of “permanent corn”. In addition, changes in the hydrophilicity of HS of size-density fractions are more intense than the HS of the soil, so the change in the degree of hydrophilicity of HS of size-density fractions is an indicator of soil degradation under different agrogenic pressue.

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23

Adlian, Adlian, Budiastuti Kurniasih, and Didik Indradewa. "Effect of saline irrigation method on the growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) 5, no. 1 (January 28, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ipas.24892.

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A field experiment was carried out to study rice growth under salinity stress in permanently flooded, intermittent, and saturated soil conditions. The experiment was conducted at field station of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada located in Bantengan village, Banguntapan, Bantul, DIY, from August to November 2015. The treatments were arranged in a split-plot randomized complete block design, consisting of three irrigation methods as the main plot and two levels of salinity as the subplot, thereby resulting in six treatment combinations with three replications within each combination treatment. The three irrigation methods were permanent irrigation (flooded soil), intermittent irrigation (wet/dry soil), and irrigation above field capacity (saturated soil). The two levels of salinity were fresh water as control treatment (EC  0.3 dS.m-1) and saline water (EC  5 dS.m-1). The results of the experiment showed that there was no significant interaction effect of irrigation method and salinity on all observed rice growth variables. Salt stress negatively affected the rice growth, including plant height, plant dry weight, leaf area, and leaf area ratio (LAR). Irrigation method significantly affected plant dry weight and number of tillers at 3 and 9 weeks after planting. Permanent irrigation resulted in the highest plant growth compared to intermittent irrigation and above field capacity condition.

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24

Olenina, Tat. "Prospects of development of legal regulation of permanent (indefinite) use of forest plot." Principles of the Ecology 27, no. 2 (June 2018): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j1.art.2018.7302.

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25

Ingle, Komal K., Sanjeeva Nayaka, and H. S. Suresh. "Lichens in 50 ha permanent plot of Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, India." Tropical Plant Research 3, no. 3 (December 31, 2016): 694–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2016.v3.i3.091.

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26

Wunder, Jan, Björn Reineking, Jean‐François Matter, Christof Bigler, and Harald Bugmann. "Predicting tree death for Fagus sylvatica and Abies alba using permanent plot data." Journal of Vegetation Science 18, no. 4 (February 24, 2007): 525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2007.tb02567.x.

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27

Härkönen, Sanna, Antti Mäkinen, Timo Tokola, Jussi Rasinmäki, and Jouni Kalliovirta. "Evaluation of forest growth simulators with NFI permanent sample plot data from Finland." Forest Ecology and Management 259, no. 3 (January 2010): 573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.11.015.

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28

Yim, Jong-Su. "Assessment on Forest Resources Change using Permanent Plot Data in National Forest Inventory." Journal of Korean Forest Society 104, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2015.104.2.239.

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29

Tsvigun, Iryna. "ANALYSIS OF LEGAL FORMS OF LAND USE UNDER THE LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE AND POLAND." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 54, no. 5 (December 27, 2022): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/5419.

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In the article, a professional comparative legal analysis of the forms of land use under the legislation of Ukraine and Poland was carried out. For the completeness and comprehensive presentation of the research, attention is primarily focused on the legal forms of land use, the legislation that regulates the issue of registration of rights to land plots is analyzed. The article outlines the presence of a set approach to the introduction of a plot of land into circulation in Ukraine and Poland. A plot of land becomes an object of legal relations under the condition of its formation, i.e. transformation from an object – a natural resource to a separate object of space with defined boundaries and mode of use. It has been investigated that land plots in Ukraine can be under the conditions of ownership (state, communal, collective and private) and use (permanent use, lease or sublease, land easement, use of someone else's land plot for agricultural needs (emphyteusis) and use of someone else's land plot for buildings (surfaces)). The article discloses the conditions for the use of land plots in Ukraine and Poland and it is clarified that, in general, the forms of use are identical, but with certain differences, namely the presence in Ukrainian legislation of the right of permanent use as a tool for acquiring rights to land plots, as opposed to usufruct in Polish legislation. It has been established that the right of permanent use is an ineffective legal instrument for acquiring rights to land plots in Ukraine, as evidenced by numerous court practices. It is proposed, based on the results of the research, and taking into account successful foreign experience, the introduction of the usufruct institution into Ukrainian legislation as a legal structure for the use of land plots/real estate, which will allow to resolve a number of problems that arise in practice and are related to the right of permanent use, which is acquired whether it is acquired according to the provisions of Ukrainian legislation.

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30

Cicák, A., and I. Mihál. "Development of beech necrotic disease in the growing phase of maturing stand under air pollution stress." Journal of Forest Science 51, No. 3 (January 10, 2012): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4548-jfs.

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The paper compares the state of the necrotic disease of beech stem bark on three research plots in 2004 with 1995. The investigated objects were three research plots of beech in the growing phase of maturing stand in Central Slovakia subjected to different air pollution stress. Larger negative changes in the beech necrotic disease were recorded on a plot situated in the close vicinity (1.5 km) of the aluminium plant. We consider the permanent negative influence of pollutants from the aluminium plant on the vitality of trees as the main cause of the negative changes. The health state of beech (defoliation) on this research plot was also permanently significantly worse than on the two other plots situated at a larger distance from the pollutant source (7 and 18 km respectively). The state of necrotic disease on the plot situated at the distance of 7 km was significantly better in 2004 than in 1995. This difference could result from the age of beech trees being lower by 15 years than on the plot distant 18 km from the pollutant source where the state of necrotic disease has not changed. On none of the studied plots was the tree defoliation influenced by the current state of the necrotic disease of beech stems.

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31

Way, M. O., and R. G. Wallace. "Evaluation of Dimilin-25W for Rice Water Weevil Control, 1987." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.274.

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Abstract The experiment was conducted at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont. The design was a randomized complete block with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 6 × 13 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent contamination among plots. Plots were fertilized 22 May with urea at 110 lb nitrogen/acre. Rice was broadcast in each plot 22 May at 100 lb seed/acre. The plots were flooded 22 May and drained 24 h later. Propanil was applied at 3.0 lb (AI)/acre on 29 May and 16 Jun. On 19 Jun the permanent flood was established and maintained to maturity. Before the onset of the permanent flood and after the first irrigation on 23 May, additional irrigations were applied when the soil cracked from drying. On 9 Jul at panicle initiation, 60 lb nitrogen/acre in the form of urea was applied. Three and 9 days after the onset of the permanent flood, the Dimilin 25W treatments were applied with an atomizer supplied with COa propellant using a spray volume of 10 gal/acre. Furadan 3G was applied at 0.6 lb (AI)/acre 7 days after the onset of the permanent flood using a hand-held shaker. From 10 Jul to 20 Jul, 10 soil cores (4 inches diam × 4 inches deep) containing 1 plant/core were randomly selected and removed from each plot. Plants were washed in a 40-mesh screen bucket, and rice water weevil larvae and pupae were recovered and counted. Washed plants were measured for height, root length, and number of tillers and leaves. Plots were harvested at maturity on 25 Sep.

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32

Rueangket, Apisada, Prateep Duengkae, Sathid Thinkampheang, Neal J. Enright, and Dokrak Marod. "Fruit traits of tree species in lower montane rainforest at Doi Suthep–Pui, northern Thailand." Journal of Tropical Ecology 37, no. 5 (September 2021): 240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467421000377.

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AbstractFruits are a major food resource for wildlifes and have evolved different traits which attract specific frugivores and facilitate seed dispersal. This study examines the quantity of the frequency of fruit tree species, distribution amongst fruit traits and estimates the potential availability of the fruit resource for frugivores in a 16-ha permanent forest plot at Doi Suthep–Pui, Thailand. The similarity amongst traits for fleshy fruited species was explored using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Fleshy fruited species comprised 122 of 208 tree species >2 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) recorded in the permanent plot. Amongst fleshy fruited species, small fruits (length <20 mm) were most common (63.16% of species) while large fruits were rare (4.1%). Black was the most common fruit colour (43.4%). Principal Component Analysis of fruit traits explained 57% of total variance on the first three axes, and allowed identification of three species groups. Litsea martabanica and Persea gamblei are the greatest density and represented the major PCA group; black, small-sized and thin husk indehiscent fruits. These fruiting trees scattered throughout the permanent plot and were of good regeneration status. Indicating fleshy fruit can be a food resource for frugivores especially small-sized fruit. Furthermore, large-fruited species such as Madhuca floribunda is low density but important to preserve for food resource of large frugivores. This finding is very important not only for forest protection policy but also for wildlife conservation as food resources.

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Alday, Josu G., Rob H. Marrs, and Carolina Martínez-Ruiz. "Vegetation convergence during early succession on coal wastes: a 6-year permanent plot study." Journal of Vegetation Science 22, no. 6 (June 22, 2011): 1072–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01308.x.

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34

Vanclay, J. K., J. P. Skovsgaard, and C. Pilegaard Hansen. "Assessing the quality of permanent sample plot databases for growth modelling in forest plantations." Forest Ecology and Management 71, no. 3 (February 1995): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(94)06097-3.

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35

Sheil, Douglas. "A critique of permanent plot methods and analysis with examples from Budongo Forest, Uganda." Forest Ecology and Management 77, no. 1-3 (September 1995): 11–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(95)03583-v.

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36

McRoberts, Ronald E. "Compensating for missing plot observations in forest inventory estimation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 1990–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-112.

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The Enhanced Forest Inventory and Analysis program of the U.S. Forest Service has established a nationwide array of permanent field plots, each representing approximately 2400 ha. Each plot has been assigned to one of five interpenetrating, nonoverlapping panels, with one panel selected for measurement on a rotating basis each year. As with most large surveys, observations for some plots are not obtained. Several techniques for dealing with missing observations were compared with respect to the bias and precision of stratified estimates of mean volume per unit area using data from the State of Indiana in the north-central region of the United States for illustrative purposes. For the proportion of missing plots ranging from 1% to 10%, acceptable results were obtained for techniques that both ignored and replaced missing plot observations, but only when the techniques accounted for differences between plots in private and public ownerships.

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37

Frank, Douglas A., and Roger del Moral. "Thirty-five years of secondary succession in a Festuca viridula – Lupinus latifolius dominated meadow at Sunrise, Mount Rainier National Park, Washington." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 1232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-169.

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Colonization patterns were investigated in a Festuca viridula – Lupinus latifolius dominated meadow at Sunrise, Mount Rainier National Park. Floristic records of a site profoundly disturbed in 1946 were examined from permanent plots in 1960, 1970, and 1981. Aster alpigenus, Carex spectabilis, Juncus drummondii, and Potentilla flabellifolia, four species relatively uncommon in the surrounding undisturbed meadow, have dominated the disturbed area since 1960. All of these species produce many dispersible seeds. Conversely, Festuca viridula and Lupinus latifolius, dominants in the surrounding meadow, are uncommon in the disturbed area. Poorly dispersed seeds of L. latifolius and extremely low viable seed production and poor seedling survival of Festuca viridula appear to be reasons for their poor colonizing abilities. Average percent similarity of the permanent plots has increased since 1960, indicating a small tendency towards greater homogeneity in the disturbed area. This is illustrated by a detrended correspondence analysis of the permanent-plot data. However, the disturbed area remains distinct after over 35 years of undisturbed existence. The development of a Festuca–Lupinus dominated community in the disturbed area may eventually occur, but the alternative outcome, a permanently deflected succession producing a community dominated by successful colonists, appears more likely.

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38

Vacek, S., and K. Matějka. "Health status of forest stands on permanent research plots in the Krkonoše Mts." Journal of Forest Science 56, No. 11 (December 1, 2010): 555–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/128/2010-jfs.

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Damage to beech, mixed (beech with spruce to spruce with beech) and spruce stands in the Krkono&scaron;e Mts. is described on the basis of evaluation of transition matrices describing the probability of a change in the assessment of defoliation of particular trees in defoliation classes. The condition and development of health status were evaluated in the long run on PRP 1–32 in the Krkono&scaron;e Mts. by foliage and degrees of defoliation. Features describing the health status of the tree crown (damage by snow, frost, wood-decaying fungi, and insects) were also evaluated. Average defoliation, standard deviation of defoliation, estimation of minimum defoliation, and frequency of the tree number in defoliation classes were calculated for each plot, and each year. Three characteristic periods were distinguished according to different trend of foliage dynamics: period of the first symptoms of damage (1976–1980) – a decrease in foliage on average max. by 1% per year, period of great damage (1981–1988) – annual defoliation on average around 3–16%, period of damage abatement (1989–2009) – annual defoliation on average between 0% and 4%. The incomparably higher resistance of autochthonous stands to air pollution stress culminating in the eighties of the last century was demonstrated unambiguously.

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39

Myster, Randall W., and Michael P. Malahy. "Is there a middle way between permanent plots and chronosequences?" Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 12 (December 2008): 3133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x08-148.

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Although permanent plots have proven critical to studies of vegetation dynamics, their logistic limitations have led to the wide use of chronosequences as an alternative. Here, we test whether or not an approach combining permanent plots and chronosequences could be used successfully to accurately predict the vegetation changes that one would see in permanent plots in the same area. We used plot data from five pastures in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico, USA, and found that (i) for species composition and abundance, the five pastures did not form a single trajectory or show any convergence, (ii) for successional rate, there was a general decrease with time since abandonment for most pastures, but that decrease was not monotonic and one pasture of the five had no decrease at all, and (iii) total species richness and total plant cover showed pastures that lined up well by age, forming almost a single trajectory with little variation. We conclude that the utility of using chronosequences either alone or with permanent plots depends largely on the parameter under study with broad structural parameters, such as total species richness and total plant cover, performing best.

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40

Prickett, R. M., E. N. Honorio C., Y. Baba, H. M. Baden, C. M. Alvez V., and C. A. Quesada. "FLORISTIC INVENTORY OF ONE HECTARE OF PALM-DOMINATED CREEK FOREST IN JENARO HERRERA, PERU." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 69, no. 2 (June 18, 2012): 259–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428612000030.

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A floristic inventory was carried out in an area of palm-dominated creek forest in Jenaro Herrera, in the northeast of Peru. All trees ≥ 10 cm dbh were surveyed in a one-hectare permanent plot using the standard RAINFOR methodology. There were 618 individuals belonging to 230 species, 106 genera and 43 families. The results showed that the total basal area of the trees in the plot was 23.7 m2. The three species with the highest importance value indexes were Iriartea deltoidea Ruiz & Pav., Oenocarpus bataua Mart. (Arecaceae) and Carapa procera DC. (Meliaceae). The five most dominant families in order of importance were Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Meliaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Sapotaceae. Although the soil of this plot was poorly drained, the number of trees and the diversity of the plot were typical for terra firme forest in the western Amazon.

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Way, M. O., and R. G. Wallace. "Evaluation of Fortress 4G for Rice Water Weevil Control, 1987." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.275.

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Abstract The experiment was conducted at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont. The design was a randomized complete block with 4 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 5 × 20 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent contamination across treatments. Plots were fertilized 20 Apr with urea at 68 lb nitrogen/acre, broadcast seeded the same day with 'Lemont' rice at 100 lb/acre, treated 14 May with propanil + Basagran at 3 + 0.25 lb (AI)/acre, and treated again with propanil at 4 lb (AI)/acre on 19 May. Plots were flush irrigated on 23 Apr and thereafter until the permanent flood, when the soil began to crack from drying. On 25 May the permanent flood was applied and maintained until maturity. Additional urea was applied at 51 lb nitrogen/acre 1 day before the permanent flood and at panicle initiation to give a seasonal total of 170 lb nitrogen/acre. Insecticides were applied with a hand shaker on 1 Jun, 7 days after the establishment of the permanent flood. From 17 to 22 Jun, 10 soil cores (4 inches diam × 4 inches deep) containing 1 plant/core were removed from each plot. Plants were washed in a 40-mesh screen bucket, and rice water weevil larvae and pupae were recovered and counted. Plants were measured for height, root length, and number of tillers and leaves.

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42

Sagawa, M., and S. Hirosawa. "Magnetic hardening mechanism in sintered R–Fe–B permanent magnets." Journal of Materials Research 3, no. 1 (February 1988): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1988.0045.

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After a short review on temperature dependence of the intrinsic coercivity in sintered Nd–Fe–B-type magnets is given, recent experimental results concerning the coercivity-anisotropy (HC–HA) correlation in B-rich Pr–Fe–B and Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets and the influence of the surface conditions of the sintered Nd–Fe–B magnets on the coercivity are reported. The results are interpreted in terms of the μoHc vs cμoHA – NIs plot, where Is is the spontaneous magnetization of R2Fe14B (R = Pr or Nd) and N is the effective demagnetization field coefficient.

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43

Pélissier, Raphaël, Jean-Pierre Pascal, N. Ayyappan, B. R. Ramesh, S. Aravajy, and S. R. Ramalingam. "Tree demography in an undisturbed Dipterocarp permanent sample plot at Uppangala, Western Ghats of India." Ecology 92, no. 6 (June 2011): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10-1991.1.

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44

Kangur, Ahto, Henn Korjus, Kalev Jõgiste, and Andres Kiviste. "A conceptual model of forest stand development based on permanent sample-plot data in Estonia." Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 20, sup6 (October 2005): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14004080510041039.

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45

Wood, Sam W., Lynda D. Prior, Helen C. Stephens, and David M. J. S. Bowman. "Macroecology of Australian Tall Eucalypt Forests: Baseline Data from a Continental-Scale Permanent Plot Network." PLOS ONE 10, no. 9 (September 14, 2015): e0137811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137811.

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46

Elfving, Björn, and Andres Kiviste. "Construction of site index equations for Pinus sylvestris L. using permanent plot data in Sweden." Forest Ecology and Management 98, no. 2 (November 1997): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(97)00077-7.

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47

Goldsmith, Gregory R., Liza S. Comita, Leslie L. Morefield, Rick Condit, and Stephen P. Hubbell. "Long-term research impacts on seedling community structure and composition in a permanent forest plot." Forest Ecology and Management 234, no. 1-3 (October 2006): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.06.011.

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48

Kalliokoski, Tuomo, Harri Mäkinen, Tapio Linkosalo, and Annikki Mäkelä. "Evaluation of stand-level hybrid PipeQual model with permanent sample plot data of Norway spruce." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 47, no. 2 (February 2017): 234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2016-0236.

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The evaluation of process-based models (PBM) includes ascertaining their ability to produce results consistent with forest growth in the past. In this study, we parameterized and evaluated the hybrid model PipeQual with datasets containing traditional mensuration variables collected from permanent sample plots (PSP) of even-aged Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands in Finland. To initialize the model in the middle of stand development and reproduce observed changes in Norway spruce crown structure, the built-in empirical relationships of crown characteristics were made explicitly dependent on the light environment. After these modifications, the model accuracy at the whole dataset level was high, with slope values of linear regressions between the observations and simulations ranging from 0.77 to 0.99 depending on the variable. The average bias ranged between −0.72 and 0.07 m in stand dominant height, –0.68 and 0.57 cm in stand mean diameter, –2.62 and 1.92 m2 in stand basal area, and 20 and 29 m3 in stand total stem volume. Stand dynamics after thinning also followed reasonable closely the observed patterns. Accurate predictions illustrate the potential of the model for predicting forest stand growth and forest management effects in changing environmental conditions.

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49

MUTAQIEN, ZAENAL. "Establishing a long, term permanent plot in remnant forest of Cibodas Botanic Garden, West Java." Biodiversitas, Journal of Biological Diversity 12, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d120406.

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50

Lima, Renato Augusto Ferreira de, Alexandre Adalardo de Oliveira, Adriana Maria Zanforlin Martini, Daniela Sampaio, Vinícius Castro Souza, and Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues. "Structure, diversity, and spatial patterns in a permanent plot of a high Restinga forest in Southeastern Brazil." Acta Botanica Brasilica 25, no. 3 (September 2011): 633–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062011000300017.

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We assessed the structure, diversity and distribution of tree species in a 10.24-ha permanent plot of high Restinga forest (HRF) in southeastern Brazil. We sampled 15,040 individuals belonging to 45 families, 87 genera and 116 species (density= 1,468 trees ha-1, and basal area= 28.0 m² ha-1). Mean richness was lower than other types of tropical forests and other HRFs that have been less intensively sampled, which is probably due to the younger age and hydromorphy of the soils in the study site. Tree density, basal area, species composition, and diversity all varied considerably depending on the size class considered. The studied plot had a density similar to other tropical forests but with a smaller basal area (fewer individuals > 60 cm in diameter), and higher density of smaller trees. Multi-stemmed individuals were not frequent (11% of the trees), though they were widespread among species (74% of the species). Spatial distribution was predominantly clumped, a pattern common to other types of tropical forests. Besides growing over white-sand soils, the PEIC plot and other white-sand forests of the world also had very similar patterns of community structure, richness and diversity. Therefore, we consider the HRF as a recognizable subtype of white-sand forest.

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