Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Perméabilité et fluidité membranaire'
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Vo-Van, Quoc-Bao. "Exploration fonctionnelle de la réponse au stress chez des micro-organismes d'intérêt technologique : dynamique de la réponse membranaire suite au stress éthanolique chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS057/document.
Full textThe study of membrane response induced by ethanol stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae aims to understand mechanisms involved in the survival of eukaryotic cells submitted to high ethanol concentrations. The cell membrane by its position between the intra- and extracellular environment is the first target of ethanolic perturbations. Experiments performed in this study aimed to characterize the maintain of the functional integrity of the membrane in relation to the sterol composition in the yeast S. cerevisiae submitted to different types of ethanolic disturbances: increasing concentrations of ethanol in the growth medium; ethanolic shocks of increasing magnitude; shock 20% ethanol for 15 minutes and then return in a medium without ethanol ("pulse" 20% ethanol)). Our results demonstrate the importance of ergosterol in maintaining membrane integrity and also support the hypothesis of the vector role of ethanol in cell oxidation, whose effectiveness is dependent on the nature of sterols at the membrane level. In addition, our results analyzing the kinetics of transcription of genes involved in oxidative stress response suggest an increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by ethanol in the Δerg6 mutant, affected in the biosynthetic pathway of ergosterol
Force, André. "Fluidité membranaire et activité énolase dans différentes populations de spermatozoïdes humains." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF1MM05.
Full textWinckler, Pascale. "Spectroscopie de corrélation de fluorescence : fluidité membranaire et détection de molécule unique en solution concentrée." Troyes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TROY0009.
Full textFluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a single molecule technique very well suited for in vivo studies. We have used FCS to explore plasma membrane microfluidity of living cells. Measurements were conducted at the single cell level, which enabled us to get a detailed over-view of the typical plasma membrane microviscosity distribution of each cell line studied (LR73, MCF7, KB3. 1, MESSA and MDCKII). A Monte Carlo simulation based on a 2D diffusion model enables us to link the asymetric fluidity distribution profile with the plasma membrane micro-organization. This result was used to determine the membrane organisation related to the surexpression of the P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a protein implicated in multidrug resistance. We also compare the membrane structuration of various cancer cell lines, each comes in two versions, a sensitive one and a resistant one to a chemotherapeutic drug: the Doxorubicin. Secondly, we propose a new excitation scheme based on a nonradiative energy transfert. This approach allow us to reduce the illumination depth of the microscope at the nanometric scale. We demonstrate its potential through two applications: FCS in micromolar solutions and fluorescence imaging on cells adhesion areas
Beck, Alain. "Synthèse et étude de sondes phospholipidiques fluorescentes destinées à des mesures de fluidité membranaire localisée." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR13074.
Full textBornet, Charléric. "Perméabilité membranaire et mécanismes de résistance aux antibiotiques chez Enterobacter aerogenes." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX20654.
Full textMoulin, Maryline. "TRAIL et choc thermique : synergie d'induction de l'apoptose des cellules leucémiques." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10008.
Full textThis study reveals that TRAIL (TNF-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand) and heat shock combined treatment strongly stimulates apoptosis of leukaemia cells including cells from CLL patients. Moreover, this co-treatment is not toxic for normal T-lymphocytes, thus opening new prospects in search for alternatives to traditional anti-cancer therapies. The apoptosis stimulation is caspase- and DISC formation-dependent, but protein neo-synthesis-independent. The phenomenon is correlated with an enhanced recognition of TRAIL death receptors DR4 and DR5 by this cytokine. Moreover, alcohol, which like heat shock induces membranes fluidity, also enhances TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. These synergies correlate with drastic ceramide production, a phenomenon that is completely inhibited by the D609 drug. Membrane fluidity and ceramide are therfore two key parameters of the mechanism involved in stress-induced stimulation of TRAIL apoptosis
Aloui, Rachid. "Modifications de la fluidité membranaire et de l'activité phosphodiestérase des nucléotides cycliques des leucocytes sanguins au cours des maladies allergiques." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1T089.
Full textAliche-Djoudi, Fatiha. "Implication du remodelage membranaire induit par les acides gras polyinsaturés de la série oméga 3 dans la toxicité hépatique de l'éthanol : rôle de la fluidité membranaire et des radeaux lipidiques." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1B084.
Full textThe involvement of membrane remodeling in ethanol-induced liver toxicity was previously described by our team. Thus, an increase in membrane fluidity and lipid raft clustering were responsible for ethanol toxicity via the activation of a raft-dependent signaling pathway, implicating phospholipase C (PLC). Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been described as capable of altering membrane fluidity and lipid rafts organization leading to modification of cell signaling. However, the impact of n-3 PUFA induced membrane remodeling on ethanol liver toxicity had never been described. For these reasons, the effect of some n-3 PUFAs, namely eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20: 5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3), on ethanol-induced toxicity (oxidative stress and cell death) has been studied in rat primary hepatocytes, with particular attention to the involvement of lipid rafts. We have shown that EPA enhanced ethanol toxicity while DHA protected from it. This differential effect between EPA and DHA was mainly due to their membrane behavior. EPA, by incorporating preferentially in non-raft domains, promoted lipid raft clustering and consequently, activation of the PLC pathway. In contrast, DHA inhibited PLC signaling by preventing lipid raft aggregation, due to its preferential incorporation in these membrane micro-domains
Dupont, Myrielle. "Régulation de la perméabilité membranaire et de la sensibilité aux antibiotiques chez les bactéries à gram négatif." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20693.
Full textGaillard, Patrick. "Evaluation des performances de quatre hémodialyseurs de haute perméabilité membranaire. Etude in vivo et ex vivo en hémodialyse et hémodiafiltration." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON11130.
Full textTran, Que-Tien. "Résistance par modification de la perméabilité membranaire chez Proteus et Providencia : Caractérisation des composantes de la membrane externe." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20727.
Full textLee, Eun-Hee. "Perméabilité membranaire d'"Enterobacter cloacae" aux bêta-lactamines : rôle des porines et identification de gènes régulant leur expression." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA114814.
Full textCattelotte-Brahimi, Julie. "Mécanismes de perméabilité membranaire des cations organiques au travers de la barrière hémato-encéphalique et des barrières hémato-oculaires." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05P636.
Full textWe have adapted the mouse in situ brain perfusion technique for the study of xenobiotics blood/brain and blood/eye transport characteristics. Moreover, we measured 99mTc-sestamibi brain transport, and the influence of 3 efflux transporters: P-gp, Mrp1 and Bcrp and membrane potential on this transport. At the difference of Mrp1 and Bcrp, only P-gp modifies 99mTc-sestamibi brain distribution. Our results also indicated the ability of the membrane potential to influence its distribution. Our results seem to show the capacity of organic cation transporters to support 99mTc-sestamibi brain transport. Finally, we explored the influence of 3 organic cation transporters Oct1, 2 and 3 on TEA and MPP+ brain and eye influx. If our studies indicate the absence of functionality of these Octs at the blood/brain interface, they showed this influence at the ocular level. Moreover, our work suggested the existence of other our data suggested the influence of other organic cation transporters at the level of the brain and eye blood interface that remain to be identified
Molitor, Alexander. "Régulation de la perméabilité membranaire chez les bactéries à Gram négatif et la relation avec la sensibilité aux antibiotiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20658/document.
Full textGenetic permeability plays an important role in antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria.Our work was to characterize and better understand of the genetic regulation of membranepermeability in E. aerogenes. We focused on two global regulators, mar and ram, in about 60clinical isolates. Alterations in the upstream region of ramA and in ramR but no mutations in marAnor marR were observed. Overexpression of ramA or ramR led to an altered antibiotic susceptibilityassociated to decrease of porins expression and over-expression of efflux-pumps. qRT-PCR pointedout the estimated importance of the ram-regulon in the regulation cascade.Another part of this work was to characterize the translocation of compounds through porins andthe role of porins in drug uptake in general. Measurement of the rate of antibiotic action of threecarbapenems in an E. coli strain solely expressing OmpF as porin clearly indicated the importanceof the aspartate at position 113 in antibiotic translocation. A multi-disciplinary three way approachof computer modeling, black-lipid-bilayer assays and measurement of antibiotic action, suggestedthat interactions with residue D113 of E. coli porin OmpF are rate-limiting for transport throughthe porin channel. Combination of biological and biophysical measurements with E. aerogenesporin Omp36 denoted that interactions between the porin channel and the antibiotic facilitate andaccelerate transport
Madeline, Jean-Baptiste. "Filtration de dispersions agrégées de silice colloïdale : structure, consolidation et perméabilité de dépôts." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30155.
Full textIn coagulation/filtration processes, the separation of aggregated colloids from the liquid is a crucial step for the global operation to be effective. The problems hold in the fact that the cake formed by the accumulation of aggregates at the filter surface during filtration may collapse under the pressure applied, resulting in a lost of porosity and decrease in permeability. The aim of this study was to investigate cake restructuration mechanisms through an experimental multi-scaling approach for a better understanding and control of cake properties. For this purpose, dispersions of spherical silica colloids (Ludox and Klebosol) were aggregated by adding polycation Al137+ or divalent cation Ca2+. Structural and mechanical features of filtration cakes were investigated through SANS and TEM. Investigations have permitted to describe cake collapse through a general compression mechanism mainly controlled by the strength of interparticle bonds. Impact of floc features on cake filtration properties has been investigated and we have been able to show that cake compressibility and permeability primarily result from the breakage resistance of interparticle bonds rather than flocs initial fractal properties
Mora, Marie-Pierre. "Incorporation de phytostérols dans les kératinocytes humains SVK14 : optimisation et conséquences sur la fluidité membranaire, la péroxydation lipidique due aux UVA et les réponses cellulaires au ionophore calcique." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30226.
Full textBoom, Alain. "Etude de la perméabilité hydrique de l'épithélium vésical de "Bufo marinus" sensible à l'hormone antidiurétique: rôle des protéines G et de la perméabilité membranaire à l'adénosine monophosphate cyclique (cAMP)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211527.
Full textFifre, Alexandre. "Mort cellulaire et maladie d'Alzheimer : mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans l'apoptose neuronale induite par le peptide β-amyloïde (Aβ) sous forme soluble et facteurs protecteurs associés." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN11314.
Full textMerle, Pierre-Laurent. "Effets du facteur de croissance basique des fibroplastes (FGF-2) sur la perméabilité membranaire et l'homéostasie calcique de cardiomyocytes de rats." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10126.
Full textTo, Thi Mai Huong. "Modification de la composition lipidique membranaire chez les bactéries lactiques en conditions de stress : étude du rôle physiologique des Acides Gras Cycliques chez deux modèles : oenococcus oeni ATCC-BAA1163 et Lactococcus lactis MG1363." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00605353.
Full textMartel, Cécile. "Rôle de la perméabilité membranaire mitochondriale, de la phosphorylation de VDAC et de la signalisation de l’apoptose dans la pathogenèse de la stéatose hépatique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T075.
Full textNon-alcoholic steatosis is a liver disease characterized by lipid accumulation in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. For a long time, it has been considered as a benign condition. Now it is known that it can precede the development of a severe stage, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is accompanied by severe dammages of the liver linked to the genesis of oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death. Mitochondrion is a central player of this disease; however, the knowledge of mitochondrial dysfunction and its consequences on apoptosis is still insufficient. Indeed, mitochondria are responsible for lipid degradation by -oxidation. Mitochondria act as a central integrator of apoptotic signals by triggering the mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) leading to the release of apoptogenic factors. This process is considered as the point of no return of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. We aimed to better understand the molecular mechanisms linking mitochondrial liver apoptosis and steatosis. Combination of four experimental models of steatosis (human biopsies, isolated mitochondria from ob/ob obese mice, high fat diet-fed mice or hepatic cell lines) displayed, in steatotic livers, increased sensitivity to MMP induction and permeability of VDAC (Voltage dependent anion channel), a protein which forms a channel in the outer mitochondrial membrane. These findings are associated with the hypo-phosphorylation of VDAC on a threonine residue and the loss of its interaction with the anti-apoptotic Bcl-XL and GSK3 kinase, thus revealing a new lipid-induced signaling pathway. Our work is based on the use of functional assays on isolated mitochondria that we have developed and validated in several studies involving various strategies. To conclude, our study increases the knowledge on the lipid-induced mitochondrial weakness preceding hepatic apoptosis and opens perspectives in biomedical applications
Vincent-Genod, Lucie. "Les dommages membranaires radio-induits comme bio-indicateurs de doses : études des mécanismes et applications pratiques." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T048.
Full textAfter an accidental overexposure, the assessment of the received dose in biological dosimetry is performed by a method based on the effects of irradiation on the DNA molecule. But this technique shows some limitations; therefore we tried to find new biosensors of radiation exposure. We have pointed out that membrane is a critical target of ionising radiation after an in vitro and in vivo overexposure. In vitro, these modifications were involved in the radio-induced apoptotic pathway. The measure of membrane fluidity allowed us to obtain an overall view of cellular membrane. Moreover, in vivo, by changing the lipid nutritional status of animals, our results displayed the important role played by membrane lipid composition in radio-induced membrane alterations. Besides, membrane effects were adjusted by the extracellular physiological control and in particular by the damages on membrane fatty acid pattern. Finally, we have tested the use of membrane fluidity index as a biosensor of radiation exposure on in vivo models and blood samples from medical total body irradiated patients. The results achieved on animal models suggested that the membrane fluidity index was a biosensor of radiation exposure. Nevertheless, the observations realised on patients highlight that the effect of the first dose fraction of the radiotherapy treatment had some difficulties to be noticed. Indeed, the combined treatment: chemotherapy and radiotherapy disturbed the membrane fluidity index measures. To conclude, whereas this parameter was not a biosensor of irradiation exposure usable in biological dosimetry, it may allow us to assess the radio-induced damages and their cellular but also tissue impacts
Velly, Helene. "Etude de l’évolution de l’état physiologique de L. lactis TOMSC161 au cours de la fermentation et de son incidence sur la résistance à la lyophilisation et au stockage." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0050/document.
Full textLactic acid bacteria, which have a significant industrial importance, are widely distributed in frozen or freeze-dried state for further use in industrial processes such as cheesemaking. However, stabilization processes (freezing or freeze-drying) causes different stresses which can lead to low survival rates and functionality losses of microorganisms. In this context, this thesis aimed at better understanding the impact of the physiological state of L. lactis TOMSC161 cells during fermentation on their freeze-drying and storage resistance, and at developing simple but efficient tools to evaluate the cells physiological state during fermentation for industrials.In the first part of this work, the influence of fermentation parameters (temperature, pH and harvesting time) on the growth and resistance of L. lactis TOMSC161 to each step of the freeze-drying process and storage has been investigated While the strain performance was not deteriorated after freezing, L. lactis was sensitive to the drying step and to ambient temperature storage. Moreover, the fermentation temperature and the harvesting time influenced the drying resistance of this bacterium. L. lactis TOMSC161 cells grown at 32 °C, pH 6.2 and harvested late (at late stationary phase) exhibited therefore both an optimal growth and the highest resistance to freeze-drying and storage at 4 °C. In the second part, a deep characterization of the L. lactis TOMSC161 membrane at a biochemical and biophysical level was analyzed during fermentation at different temperatures and was linked to the freeze-drying and storage resistance of starters. The cyclopropanation of unsaturated fatty acids of L. lactis TOMSC161 during fermentation was correlated with a membrane rigidification and allowed an improvement of the cell tolerance to freeze-drying and storage. Conversely, cultivating cells at lower fermentation temperature than the optimum growth temperature induced as expected a homeoviscous adaptation as evidenced by lowered lipid phase transition temperature but did not induce any improvement of resistance to this preservation process.In the third part, the physiological state characterization of L. lactis TOMSC161 cells was completed by investigating at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels as well as the cellular oxidation state. The results proved that the freeze-drying process caused intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, responsible of degradation of the starter performance during storage at 25 °C. Furthermore, the cellular oxidation state decreased during fermentation and was explained, in the stationary phase, by a slowdown of the aerobic energy metabolism and the induction of oxidative stress responses. This initial “pre-adaptation” of L. lactis TOMSC161 during fermentation allowed improving their tolerance to freeze-drying and storage by a limitation of ROS accumulation through the whole preservation process.Finally, this work has been concluded by verifying the functionalities of starter freeze-dried in the optimized production conditions defined in this thesis during cheesemaking. Despite the freezedrying step, the technological properties of L. lactis TOMSC161 were preserved, thus validating the performed optimization
Vaultier, Marie-Noëlle. "Etude de la perception et de la transduction du signal froid chez Arabidopsis thaliana : Implication des voies de signalisation lipidique." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066223.
Full textDorn, Daniel. "Contribution à l'optimisation d'un prototype de polarisation de fluorescence adapté à des dosages en biologie cellulaire et clinique." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10414.
Full textJesus, Florence de. "Caractérisation des propriétés de la partie membranaire de l'ATPase-Ca2+ du réticulum sarcoplasmique du muscle squelettique de lapin : étude de la perméabilité passive aux cations monovalents et divalents." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10229.
Full textNurbaeti, Siti Nani. "Études biopharmaceutiques et formulation de chloramphénicol et de thiamphénicol pour le traitement ciblé des infections pulmonaires par voie inhalée." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT1802/document.
Full textThe rapid emergence of resistant bacteria and the lack of new efficient treatments lead to re-use old forgotten, but still effective, antimicrobials. In particular, chloramphenicol (CHL) and thiamphenicol (THA) have been proposed to treat multidrug-resistant pulmonary bacterial infections. Their direct administration into the lungs as therapeutic aerosols should increase their efficiency and minimize whole body exposure responsible for adverse effects, particularly in the case of prolonged treatments. The purpose of these PhD. works was to perform biopharmaceutical studies and to develop an effective aerosol formulation for lung delivery. The membrane permeability of CHL and THA was evaluated in vitro in the Calu-3 bronchial epithelial cell model and pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were carried out in rats after intratracheal and intravenous administration. In vitro membrane permeability of CHL was high, but intermediate for THA. Both compounds were shown to be substrates of membrane efflux transporters. In agreement with these findings, the PK studies showed that the administration route had no impact in the case of CHL and a moderate one in the case of THA. Therefore, in order to prolong lung exposure to CHL and THA, nanoparticle-based formulations with sustained release properties were formulated using the palmitate ester prodrugs of CHL and THA. To ease administration, nanoparticles were included in microsphere-based dry powder for inhalation. These powders showed an optimal content, satisfactory aerodynamic properties and sustained drug release, which make them promising formulations for lung delivery of CHL and THA as aerosols
Daifi, Amina. "Etude de la perméabilité membranaire à l'adenosine 3'-5'-monophosphate cyclique (AMPc) :rôle du canal anionique sensible au gonflement cellulaire (VSOAC) et des protéïnes associées à la multirésistance aux drogues anticancéreuses (MRP1)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211270.
Full textDassouli, Abdelilah. "Étude de deux protéines majeures (76 et 14 kDa) libérées au pôle apical des cellules épithéliales de la vessie d'amphibiens : leur rôle dans le contrôle hormonal de la perméabilité hydrique." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112195.
Full textMilioni, Dimitra. "Perméabilisation photocontrôlée de la membrane biologique : étude en systèmes modèles et en cellules." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833272.
Full textPantel, Alix. "Multirésistance des entérobactéries aux antibiotiques et modulation de l’influx et de l’efflux membranaires chez Escherichia coli ST131." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTT038/document.
Full textThe spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae is a major public health threat worldwide. Resistant to at least three classes of antibiotics, MDR Enterobacteriaceae cause infections for which first-line treatments are inefficient. The first part of this work focused on the molecular epidemiology of MDR Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated in infections and colonizations of patients hospitalized in Languedoc-Roussillon, in France and in Algeria, a country where few data are currently available. We showed in our region and nationally, that resistance to carbapenems was mainly due to changes in membrane permeability (87.4% of resistant Enterobacteriaceae, nationally).In the second part of this work, we studied the modulation of membrane efflux and permeability in the quintessential example of an international MDR high-risk clone, Escherichia coli ST131. We showed that this global clone had a remarkable adaptability to antibiotic pressure. This adaptability had a significant impact on the virulence and the fitness of E. coli. The biofilm formation and virulence capacities in Caenorhabditis elegans model were increased in strains overexpressing an efflux system. Conversely, the strains with altered porins expression had a low potential virulence, associated with a significant reduction in biofilm formation and swimming mobility
Alimi, Mickaël. "Nouvelle stratégie de véctorisation d'antibactériens via des métallodrogues : Principe, Synthèse et Activité biologique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05P637.
Full textThe gram negative bacterias’ cell envelopes are the first line of defense against antibiotics. First thanks to the low permeability of the external membrane that prevents the penetration of the antibiotics, but also thanks to the efflux pumps that help expelling the antibiotics from the cell. These mechanisms prevent many compounds, potentially active in vitro, from reaching their targets, thus limiting the antimicrobial effect. To increase the molecules’ intracellular concentration is one of the means to restore their activity. This thesis’ objective is to develop metallodrugs as a new drug vectorization strategy in cells. We here associate an active drug in vitro and an auxiliary ligand with permeabilization or efflux pumps inhibition abilities in a complex playing the role of a chaperone. We used peptide deformylase (PDF) and methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) inhibitors (derived from hydroxamic acids) developed at the laboratory as antimicrobial agents. I’ll begin with a global study of the vectorization strategy we’ve adopted (i) Stability study of the metallodrugs models: using a fluorescent hydroxamic acid, we showed that only Co(III) metallodrugs are in agreement with the stability conditions compatible with the biological tests, in opposition with the Cu(II) and Fe(III) ones. (ii) Drug release study: we showed in 1H NMR and UV-vis studies that in a buffer solution pH 7.4, a ligand exchange with an exogenous thiol is responsible for the drug release. Recently, a new series of PDF inhibitors was synthesized at the laboratory. It is composed of a 5 membered heterocyclic skeleton functionalized by a chain in C4 followed by an hydroxamic acid via a monocarbonated spacer. The best results were obtained with an oxadiazole (AT002 16 µg/ml with E. coli and PMBN as permeabilizing agent). During this thesis, to enhance lipophilicity, we attached aromatic groups on the heterocycle. CMIs on the E. coli strain have not been increased but the compounds displaying the best activity in presence of PMBN (AT015, 2 µg/ml with E. coli and PMBN) was chosen to conceive metallodrugs. The metallodrug is composed of a metal center and two other parts: (i) an auxiliary ligand functionalized via a spacer by a permeabilizing peptide, an antimicrobial peptide analogue, or by an efflux modulator. (ii) An hydroxamic acid PDF inhibitor. We showed that the best metallodrugs enhance the drug activity on the wild E.coli strain by a 16 factor, with the SAR we realized, changing the drug, the auxiliary ligand and the metal. One of the auxiliary ligands functionalized by a tetrapeptide show an activity on a fluoroquinolone-resistant E. aerogenes strain while alone. Utilizing a fluorescent analogous of this compound, we linked the biological activity to its intracellular accumulation with fluorescence mapping experiments
Grare, Marion. "De la genèse d’une nouvelle classe d’antibactériens à base de polyphénols cycliques de type calixarène : études moléculaire(s), cellulaires(s) et structurale(s) en vue de l'identification des cibles d'action : le cas du para-guanidinoéthylcalix[4]arène." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10138/document.
Full textThe progressive reduction of the therapeutic effectiveness of the available antibiotics and antiseptics as a result of the spread of antimicrobial resistance underlines the urgency of the development of new classes of drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases. The major challenge is to find drugs that act against multiple multidrug-resistant strains, with a real new mechanism of action. The work presented here is an evaluation of the potential of the para-guanidinoethylcalix[4]arene (Cx1), as a new innovative antibacterial. In the first part of this work, we have demonstrated that Cx1 possess: (i) a broad-spectrum with an activity conserved against multidrug-resistant isolates such as MRSA, VRE or ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae; (ii) a rapid bactericidal and concentration-dependant activity; and (iii) an absence of cytotoxicity in vitro. Checkerboard studies have underlined a large number of synergies with numerous antibiotics (ß-lactamins, fluoroquinolones, rifampicin, fusidic acid, tigecycline…) ; no antagonism have been observed. In the second part, we have showed that Cx1 was not able to select resistant mutants with S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. For E. coli, we have observed resistant mutants beyond 15 or 20 passages, with inoculums effect. In the last part of this work, we have used various techniques in order to elucidate mechanism of action of Cx1: innovative techniques (microelectrophoresis, atomic force microscopy),and other more classical (flow cytometry, LPS/LTA sequestration). All data obtained conduct us to confirm our first hypothesis: Cx1 possess one or many targets on bacterial cell wall, and its activity was translated by wall changes (surface charge density, hydrodynamic properties, membrane permeability), and increase of bacterial rigidity (increase of turgor pressure). In conclusion, Cx1 appears as a good candidate as new antibacterial or adjuvant in anti-infectious therapy, but its real mechanism of action remains unknown. Numerous research ways remain to be investigated in order to better understand of targets of Cx1, and to optimize its antibacterial properties
Legras, Marc. "Diffusion et transport facilité à travers les membranes sulfoniques planes et tubulaires." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES013.
Full textDé, Emmanuelle. "Etude fonctionnelle de la protéine membranaire OprF de Pseudomonas fluorescens et son implication dans la variation de résistance aux antibiotiques en fonction de la température de croissance bactérienne." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES006.
Full textChokki, Jeannette. "Vulnérabilité du procédé couplant charbon actif en poudre et ultrafiltration : vieillissement des membranes et rétention de composés organiques polaires." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2275/document.
Full textThe degradation of water resources by the presence of organic matter (OM) and micropollutants requires the implementation of robust drinking water production processes. In this context, many French municipalities such as Saint Cloud and Angers have decided to set up a powdered activated carbon adsorption process coupled to ultrafiltration (PAC/UF). PAC is used upstream of membranes to remove traces of micropollutants while UF membranes provide excellent and constant water quality over time. However, the feedback reveals a degradation of the separation performances related in particular to an aging of the membrane materials and a vulnerability of the process towards some emerging micropollutants such as polar organic compounds (PMOCs).The work carried out during this thesis aims to better understand the consequences of the chemical aging of the membranes used in these processes and to evaluate the micropollutants removal efficiency in order to propose optimization ways. More particularly it has been shown that the main cause of aging is the chlorine exposure of the membranes during washing phases modifying the properties of the materials. In fact, the numerous characterization tools used have made it possible to demonstrate a correlation between the degradation of the hydrophilic agent of the membranes and the increase in the permeability during exposure to chlorine. The study of the membrane performances revealed an alteration of the resistance to fouling towards OM for membranes exposed to chlorine. However, the results obtained to evaluate the selectivity performance of the membranes with respect to viruses have not underlined any major alterations. Adsorption tests have demonstrated the limited efficiency of PAC for PMOCs removal. Indeed, among the molecules tested, the most hydrophobic and aromatic molecules are effectively adsorbed on PAC while the more polar ones are slightly adsorbed. Finally, the use of nanofiltration or low-pressure reverse osmosis, with average rejection rates over 90%, makes them the technological solutions of choice for the removal of PMOCs
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Full textLeclaire, Marie-Eve. "Validation et conditionnement d'un test PAMPA amélioré pour l'évaluation de la perméabilité membranaire de médicaments." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11948.
Full textLebel, Geneviève. "Rôle des boucles interhélicales du domaine I dans la formation de pores transmembranaires par la toxine insecticide Cry1Aa du bacille de Thuringe." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14921.
Full textGagnon, Marilène. "Transport d'eau généré par le cotransport Na+/glucose : nouvelle interprétation basée sur les effets distincts des flux entrants de cations et de glucose." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14750.
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