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Profice, Sandra. "Mesure de propriétés monophasiques de milieux poreux peu perméables par voie instationnaire." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0142/document.
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Parmi la multitude des données pétrophysiques utilisées pour décrire une formationgéologique, certaines permettent spécifiquement d'en prédire la capacité de production,à savoir : la porosité, la perméabilité intrinsèque et le coefficient de Klinkenberg.Dans le cas particulier des gas shales, ces trois propriétés essentielles sont extrêmementdifficiles à mesurer précisément, compte tenu de la complexité de cesroches. Cette thèse s'inscrit dans la continuité de travaux menés au laboratoire I2M départementTREFLE, sur l'analyse et l'amélioration de la méthode Pulse Decay, quiconstitue la méthode de mesure transitoire classiquement utilisée dans l'industriepétrolière pour identifier une ou plusieurs des propriétés d'intérêt. Les multiplespoints faibles de la méthode Pulse Decay sont ici présentés, de même que les pointsforts de la nouvelle méthode issue du perfectionnement de la méthode Pulse Decay,à savoir la méthode Step Decay, développée au laboratoire I2M et brevetée en partenariatavec TOTAL. Plus précisément, les performances de la méthode Step Decaysont ici étudiée aussi bien numériquement qu'expérimentalement, en condition homogène,comme en condition hétérogène. Ce manuscrit fournit également les résultatsd'une analyse portant sur la méthode Pulse Decay sur broyat, qui forme une alternativepossible à la méthode Pulse Decay sur carotte mais dont la fiabilité est fortementremise en questionAmong the multitude of petrophysical data used to describe a geological formation,some of them allow specifically to predict the production capacity, namely: the porosity,the intrinsic permeability and the Klinkenberg coefficient. In the particular case ofgas shales, these three essential properties are extremely difficult to measure precisely,because of the complexicity of these rocks. This thesis is the continuity ofworks led in I2M laboratory-TREFLE department, on the analysis and the improvementof the Pulse Decay method, which is the classical transient method of measurementused in the oil&gas industry to identify one or several of the properties ofinterest. The numerous weaknesses of the Pulse Decay method are here presented,as the strengths of the new method derived from the improvement of the Pulse Decaymethod, namely the Step Decay method, developed in I2M laboratory and patentedin partnership with TOTAL. More exactly, the performances of the Step Decaymethod are here studied numerically as well as experimentally, in homogeneouscondition, as in heterogeneous condition. This manuscript provides also the results ofan analysis dealing with the Pulse Decay method on cuttings, which forms a possiblealternative to the Pulse Decay method on plug but which reliability is highly questioned
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Esselburn, Jason Dennis. "Porosity and Permeability in Ternary Sediment Mixtures." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1245949430.
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Hosa, Aleksandra Maria. "Modelling porosity and permeability in early cemented carbonates." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16181.
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Cabonate-hosted hydrocarbon reservoirs will play an increasingly important role in the energy supply, as 60% of the world's remaining hydrocarbon resources are trapped within carbonate rocks. The properties of carbonates are controlled by deposition and diagenesis, which includes calcite cementation that begins immediately after deposition and may have a strong impact on subsequent diagenetic pathways. This thesis aims to understand the impact of early calcite cementation on reservoir properties through object-based modelling and Lattice Boltzmann ow simulation to obtain permeability. A Bayesian inference framework is also developed to quantify the ability of Lattice Boltzmann method to predict the permeability of porous media. Modelling focuses on the impact of carbonate grain type on properties of early cemented grainstones and on the examination of the theoretical changes to the morphology of the pore space. For that purpose process-based models of early cementation are developed in both 2D (Calcite2D) and 3D (Calcite3D, which also includes modelling of deposition). Both models assume the existence of two grain types: polycrystalline and monocrystalline, and two early calcite cement types specific to these grain types: isopachous and syntaxial, respectively. Of the many possible crystal forms that syntaxial cement can take, this thesis focuses on two common rhombohedral forms: a blocky form 01¯12 and an elongated form 40¯41. The results of the 2D and 3D modelling demonstrate the effect of competition of growing grains for the available pore space: the more monocrystalline grains present in the sample, the stronger this competition becomes and the lesser the impact of each individual grain on the resulting early calcite cement volume and porosity. The synthetic samples with syntaxial cements grown of the more elongated crystal form 40¯41 have lower porosity for the same monocrystalline grains content than synthetic samples grown following more blocky crystal form 01¯12. Moreover, permeability at a constant porosity is reduced for synthetic samples with the form 40¯41. Additionally, synthetic samples with form 40¯41 exhibit greater variability in the results as this rhombohedral form is more elongated and has the potential for producing a greater volume of cement. The results of the 2D study suggest that for samples at constant porosity the higher the proportion of monocrystalline grains are in the sample, the higher the permeability. The 3D study suggests that for samples with crystal form 01¯12 at constant porosity the permeability becomes lower as the proportion of monocrystalline grains increase, but this impact is relatively minor. In the case of samples with crystal form 40¯41 the results are inconclusive. This dependence of permeability on monocrystalline grains is weaker than in the 2D study, which is most probably a result of the bias of flow simulation in the 2D as well as of the treatment of the porous medium before the cement growth model is applied. The range of the permeability results in the 2D modelling may be artificially overly wide, which could lead to the dependence of permeability on sediment type being exaggerated. Poroperm results of the 2D modelling (10-8000mD) are in reasonable agreement with the data reported for grainstones in literature (0.1-5000mD) as well as for the plug data of the samples used in modelling (porosity 22 - 27%, permeability 200 - 3000mD), however permeability results at any given porosity have a wide range due to the bias inherent to the 2D flow modelling. Poroperm results in the 3D modelling (10 - 30, 000mD) exhibit permeabilities above the range of that reported in the literature or the plug data, but the reason for that is that the initial synthetic sediment deposit has very high permeability (58, 900mD). However, the trend in poroperm closely resembles those reported in carbonate rocks. As the modelling depends heavily on the use of Lattice Boltzmann method (flow simulation to obtain permeability results), a Bayesian inference framework is presented to quantify the predictive power of Lattice Boltzmann models. This calibration methodology is presented on the example of Fontainebleau sandstone. The framework enables a systematic parameter estimation of Lattice Boltzmann model parameters (in the scope of this work, the relaxation parameter τ ), for the currently used calibrations of Lattice Boltzmann based on Hagen-Poiseuille law. Our prediction of permeability using the Hagen-Poiseuille calibration suggests that this method for calibration is not optimal and in fact leads to substantial discrepancies with experimental measurements, especially for highly porous complex media such as carbonates. We proceed to recalibrate the Lattice Boltzmann model using permeability data from porous media, which results in a substantially different value of the optimal τ parameter than those used previously (0.654 here compared to 0.9). We augment our model introducing porosity-dependence, where we find that the optimal value for τ decreases for samples of higher porosity. In this new semi-empirical model one first identifies the porosity of the given medium, and on that basis chooses an appropriate Lattice Boltzmann relaxation parameter. These two approaches result in permeability predictions much closer to the experimental permeability data, with the porosity-dependent case being the better of the two. Validation of this calibration method with independent samples of the same rock type yields permeability predictions that fall close to the experimental data, and again the porosity-dependent model provides better results. We thus conclude that our calibration model is a powerful tool for accurate prediction of complex porous media permeability.
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Hudd, Raymond W. "Measurement of concrete permeability." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1989. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6722.
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A comparison was made between a number of laboratory and in-situ concrete permeability test methods. The laboratory tests used measured air, water, and water vapour permeability, whilst the in-situ tests used were the Initial surface absorption test, the Figg air and water tests, and a new in-situ method called the Egg test; a non-destructive surface test which measures air permeability properties. An initial set of tests were carried out on six concrete mixes with water: cement(w/c) ratios between 0.3 and 0.8. These tests showed that problems existed with both the laboratory and in-situ test methods. Some of these problems arose from the preparation of specimens or test procedures and these were overcome with practice or by modifying the test methods. However, it was found that a major problem is moisture in the concrete which decreases it's measured permeability. Further tests were carried out on a second set of concrete specimens with the same mix proportions as the first and a set of mortar specimens with w/c ratios ranging from 0.3 to 1.1 and cement: sand (c: s) ratios from 1: 1 to 1: 5. Results from tests on oven dry specimens were used to compare the different methods and showed that few simple relationships existed between the different methods. Comparing the test results with the mix proportions showed that in the majority of cases, the measured permeability values increased as the w/c ratio increased, but the relationships between the tests results and c: s ratio were more complicated. After these tests had been completed, specimens from twenty six of the mixes were retested after being conditioned to various different moisture contents. The results of these tests showed that in most cases there was a rapid increase in measured permeability as the specimens dried, followed by a slower increase (in some cases a decrease) as the specimens approached an oven dry condition. To complement this study a number of methods were examined for measuring in-situ moisture content. The most promising of these was a non-destructive method which operated by measuring the electrical permittivity of the material it was placed against. Because the electrical permittivity varies with the amount of water in the concrete, it is largely independent of the type material being tested. Results from this test showed a shallow linear drop from saturated to approximately half of the saturated moisture content, followed by a steep drop towards the oven dry condition.
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Phillips, Peter M. "POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY OF BIMODAL SEDIMENT MIXTURES USING NATURAL SEDIMENT." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1189439106.
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Cox, Peter Alexander. "Porosity and permeability relationships of the Lekhwair and Lower Kharaib Formations." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16161.
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Up to 60% of the World’s oil is now within carbonates, with over 50% in the Middle East. Many existing carbonate fields have very low oil recoveries due to multiple scales of pore heterogeneity. To secure better recoveries the controls from deposition and diagenesis towards the origin of carbonate pore heterogeneity needs better understanding. To provide good sample support, three High frequency Cycle’s were sampled (2 from the Lekhwair Formation and the third being the Lower Kharaib Formation) from an offshore field (Abu Dhabi) along a southwest-northeast transect, encompassing the oil leg, transition zone, water leg, the field crest and two opposing flanks. With respect to deposition, the 4th order Sequence Boundaries’ (hardgrounds) and the Maximum Flooding Surface’s were correlated across the field, within the sequence stratigraphic framework, showing that each HFC, of the Lekhwair Formation, contains laterally continuous reservoirs (4th order HST’s) which are compartmentalised above and below by impermeable seals (4th order TST’s). The Lower Kharaib Formation shows significant shoaling producing the shallowest platform (prolonged 3rd order TST) and the best connected reservoir facies. With respect to diagenesis, δ 18O isotopes trends, from calcite cement zones within macrocements from the water and oil legs, in comparison with oil inclusion abundances suggest that oil charge reduced cementation in the crest macropores. Stylolitisation in the water leg at deep burial provided solutes for new cement nucleation causing near complete macropore occlusion. The most open micropore networks coincide with the highest porosity/permeability relationships at the mid-late HST’s of each HFC. Considering these areas could be lower grade reservoirs, and that pore characterisation by Lucia (1999) does not include identifying and quantifying micropores, a new ‘Micropore model’ (using elements from the Petrotype atlas method) is devised. This new method highlights micropore-dominated areas alongside macropore-dominated areas within specific reservoir horizons. This provides information of pore heterogeneity at several scales within a carbonate reservoir and may determine the method for oil extraction and increase oil recovery from both the Lekhwair and Lower Kharaib Formations.
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Bashir, Abdulaadem A. "An experimental investigation of some capillary pressure-relative permeability correlations for sandstone reservoir rocks." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310346.
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Drews, Michael C. "Modelling stress-dependent effective porosity-permeability relationships of metre-scale heterogeneous mudstones." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1672.
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The importance of shales and mudstones to applied geosciences and in particular to fluid migration in sedimentary basins has never been more recognized than today. Prominent examples are conventional or unconventional petroleum systems, where shales and mudstones act as source, reservoir or cap rock, but also CO2 and nuclear waste storage or hydrogeology. Despite their importance, shales and mudstones are yet not as far well understood as sandstones or carbonate rocks. In particular, the influence of heterogeneity on fluid migration has been poorly addressed in the past, although many authors have identified and studied heterogeneities in shales and mudstones. Nevertheless, their flow properties are fairly well understood when treated as homogeneous on sample scale (centimetre-scale). Typical flow relevant heterogeneities are grain size and thus petrophysical property (e.g. porosity, permeability, capillary entry pressures) variations due to spatial lithological variation induced by primary and secondary sedimentary structures. In this study we investigate flow relevant heterogeneities of shales and mudstones on submetre scale derived from core and borehole images from an off-shore gas field in the Western Nile Delta, Egypt. Thereby, we combine latest models and published measurements of sample-scale petrophysical properties with interpretation, quantitative analyses, advanced modelling and numerical fluid flow simulation to assess the influence of shale and mudstone heterogeneity on fluid flow and hence, fluid migration, retention and mudstone seal capacity. Additionally, the set of mudstone heterogeneities used in this study has been derived from a combined visual and geostatistical interpretation of more than 500 m of mud-rich core and borehole images. As final results, we deliver stress-dependent effective porosity-permeability relationships for a broad range of shale and mudstone heterogeneities, representative model sizes and resolution as well as measures of uncertainty for each heterogeneity type. Moreover, probability density functions describing where and how these heterogeneities appear in larger scale geological units, such as seismic facies or local depositional environments, are provided. As a key result, heterogeneity and lithological variation have great influences on effective permeability and effective permeability anisotropy (Kh/Kv). Furthermore, our results indicate that mudstone heterogeneity is very common in all investigated larger scale geological units (hemipelagites, levees, channels). Modelling of fluid flow through mud-rich sedimentary basins without inclusion of these sub-metre scale heterogeneities of mudstones can therefore lead to misleading results. Thus, effective porosity-permeability (anisotropy) relationships are provided for different lithological variations and mudstone heterogeneities as a final result.
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Li, Bowei. "Implementation of full permeability tensor representation in a dual porosity reservoir simulator." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3034930.
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張家齊 and Kar-chai Cheung. "Effect of sintering time and temperature on dental porcelain porosity." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3122233X.
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Anderson, Alexander Douglas Gray. "Measurement of intestinal permeability in surgical patients." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24575.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the use of a triple sugar test of intestinal permeability as a surrogate marker of gut barrier function in surgical patients. Methods: Original laboratory work included the development of a technique for the quantification of urinary sucralose using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with refractive index detection. Other techniques used included HPLC analysis of urinary lactulose and rhamnose, quantification of urinary 51Cr-EDTA by gamma counting, and a lactulose-hydrogen breath test. The triple sugar test involved ingestion of a test drink containing sucralose (5g), lactulose (5g) and rhamnose (1g). Urine was collected for 24 hours in 2 aliquots (first 5 and last 19 hours) and sugar concentrations determined by HPLC. A 51Cr-EDTA test was administered separately as an independent measure of “whole-gut” permeability. Healthy volunteers (n=21) and ileostomists (n=18) were studied in order to investigate the sites of absorption of sugar probes. A number of patient groups were then studied; these included subjects with Crohn’s disease (n=16),acute colitis (n=18), IBS (n=11), acute pancreatitis (n=9) and patients undergoing chemotherapy (n=7). Results: Assays for urinary sugars were both accurate and precise (coefficient of variation approximately 5%). Studies in ileostomists and controls indicated that 24-hr sucralose excretion represented “whole-gut” permeability, whereas the 5-hr lactulose/rhamnose excretion ratio represented small intestinal permeability. Small intestinal permeability was increased in subjects with Crohn’s disease (p=0.007) and acute pancreatitis (p=0.004), versus controls. “Whole gut” permeability was significantly increased in patients with Crohn’s (p=0.001) and pancreatitis (p<0.001), and significantly reduced in patients undergoing chemotherapy (p=0.012). The proportion of sucralose excreted in the last 19 hours of collection was significantly increased in patients with Crohn’s (p=0.026), acute colitis (0.023) and acute pancreatitis (p=0.049), implying an increase in colonic permeability.
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Sajjadian, Valiahmad. "Gravity drainage : microscopic studies and free fall in fractured reservoirs." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/595.
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Goodrich, Thomas William. "Thermophysical Properties and Microstructural Changes of Composite Materials at Elevated Temperature." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35900.
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Experimental methods were developed and used to quantify the behavior of composite materials during heating to support development of heat and mass transfer pyrolysis models. Methods were developed to measure specific heat capacity, kinetic parameters, microstructure changes, porosity, and permeability. Specific heat and gravimetric data for kinetic parameters were measured with a simultaneous differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) / thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Experimental techniques were developed for quantitative specific heat measurement based on ASTM standards with modifications for accurate measurements of decomposing materials. An environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) was used in conjunction with a heating platform to record real-time video of microstructural changes of materials during decomposition and cooling following decomposition. A gas infusion technique was devised to measure porosity, in which nitrogen was infused into the pores of permeable material samples and used to determine the open-pore porosity of the material. Permeability was measured using a standard pressure differential gas flow technique with improvements over past sealing techniques and modifications to allow for potential high temperature use.
Experimental techniques were used to measure the properties of composite construction materials commonly used in naval applications: E-glass vinyl ester laminates and end-grain balsa wood core. The simultaneous DSC/TGA was used to measure the apparent specific heat required to heat the decomposing sample. ESEM experiments captured microstructural changes during decomposition for both E-glass vinyl ester laminate and balsa wood samples. Permeability and porosity changes during decomposition appeared to depend on microstructural changes in addition to mass fraction.Master of Science
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Hoagland, David Wayne. "Continuous Permeability Measurement During Unidirectional Vacuum Infusion Processing." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6457.
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Composite materials have traditionally been used in high-end aerospace parts and low-end consumer parts. The reason for this separation in markets is the wide gap in technology between pre-preg materials processed in an autoclave and chop strand fiberglass blown into an open mold. Liquid composite molding has emerged as a bridge between inexpensive tooling and large, technical parts. Processes such as vacuum infusion have made it possible to utilize complex layups of reinforcement materials in an open mold style set-up, creating optimal conditions for composites to penetrate many new markets with rapid innovation. Flow simulation for liquid composite molding is often performed to assist in process optimization, and requires the permeability of the reinforcement to be characterized. For infusion under a flexible membrane, such as vacuum infusion, or for simulation of a part with non-uniform thickness, one must test the permeability at various levels of compaction. This process is time consuming and often relies on interpolation or extrapolation around a few experimental permeability measurements. To accelerate the process of permeability characterization, a small number of methodologies have been previously presented in the literature, in which the permeability may be tested at multiple fiber volume contents in a single test. Some of the methods even measure the permeability over a continuous range of thicknesses, thus requiring no later interpolation of permeability values. A novel method is presented here for the rapid measurement of permeability over a continuous range of fiber volume content, in a single unidirectional vacuum infusion flow experiment. The thickness gradient across the vacuum bag, as well as the fluid pressure at several locations in the mold, were concurrently measured to calculate the fabric compressibility. An analytical flow model, which accounts for the compressibility, is then used by iterating the fitting constant in a permeability model until the predicted flow front progression matches empirical measurement. The method is demonstrated here for two reinforcement materials: 1) a fiberglass unbalanced weave and 2) a carbon bi-ax non-crimped fabric. The standard deviation of calculated permeabilities across the multiple infusion experiments for each material and flow orientation ranged from 12.8% to 29.7%. Validation of these results was performed by comparing the resulting permeability with multiple non-continuous permeability measurement methods.
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Gaughan, Christopher J. "Early Cambrian Relief Sandstone Officer Basin, South Australia : subdivision, diagenesis and porosity -permeability distribution /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbg268.pdf.
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Swanberg, Cassandra. "Characterizing the evolution of porosity and permeability in porous media undergoing pressure solution creep." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115465.
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S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences June 2012Thesis: S.B. in Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, June 2012.
"May 18, 2012." Title page signed, "Cassandra Swanberg." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 38-40).
This work looks at the change in pore-scale morphological properties such as porosity and permeability using modeled sphere packs. The effects of varying pressure, temperature, and stress upon these properties are evaluated in numerically derived sphere packs undergoing creep and elastic compaction processes. This thesis will utilize the abilities of the lattice Boltzmann method and the network model method to determine various morphological properties of these sets of packed spheres. The results from these two methods can be combined to further analyze the relationship between pore space morphology and fluid flow parameters in porous media that can be used to develop correlations to predict permeability based upon the physical structure of the pore space.
S.B.
S.B. in Engineering
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Cater, Miriam Regina. "Permeability and Porosity Reduction of Fused Deposition Modeling Parts via Internal Epoxy Injection Methods." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1396441215.
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Notter, Ian M. "The measurement of porosity in tin coatings on steel." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1990. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/32046.
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Existing methods for porosity testing are not suitable for accurate quantitative measurements on the very thin coatings produced by modern tinplate lines. Electrochemical tests for use on these coatings, in both the as plated and reflowed condition, have therefore been evaluated. The corrosion potential and polarisation resistance of tinplate in a 0.5M ammonium thiocyanate solution were both found to give an index of the porosity. In the simple case of non-reflowed plate simulated porous tin plates, made from iron wires cast into tin, were used to construct calibration curves for these two methods.
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Maseko, Phindile Pearl. "Petrophysical evaluation and characterization of sandstone reservoirs of the western Bredasdorp Basin, South Africa for well D-D1 and E-AP1." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5181.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScThe Bredasdorp Basin was formed consequent to extensional episodes during the initial stages of rifting in the Jurassic age. The basin acted as a local depocentre and was primarily infilled with late Jurassic and early Cretaceous shallow-marine and continental sediments. Two wells namely; D-D1 and E-AP1 were studied in order to evaluate the petrophysics and characterize sandstone reservoirs of the western Bredasdorp basin. This could be achieved by generating and comparing results from core analysis and wireline in order to determine if the two wells are comprised of good quality sandstone reservoirs and if the identified reservoirs produce hydrocarbons. A number of methods were employed in order to characterise and evaluate sandstone reservoir, these included; editing and normalization of raw wireline log data ,classification of lithofacies on the basis of lithology, sedimentary structures, facies distribution, grain size variation, sorting of grains, fossils and bioturbation; calibration of log and core data to determine parameters for petrophysical interpretation; volume of clay; determination of porosity, permeability and fluid saturation, cut-off determination to distinguish between pay and non-pay sands. Borehole D-D1 is located in the western part of the Bredasdorp Basin. Only two reservoirs in well D-D1 indicated to have pay parameters with an average porosity ranging from 11.3% to 16%, average saturation from 0.6% to 21.5% and an volume of clay from 26.5% to 31.5%. This well was abandoned due to poor oil shows according to the geological well completion report. On the contrary well E-AP1 situated in the northwestern section of the basin showed good quality reservoir sandstones occurring in the 19082m to 26963m intervals though predominantly water saturated. Pay parameters for all five reservoirs in this well showed zero or no average porosity, saturation and volume of clay.
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Ratnam, Sangkaran. "Development of a novel self-boring permeability measurement technique." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620486.
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Müller, Sebastian. "Permeability and porosity as constraints on the explosive eruption of magma: Laboratory experiments and field investigations." Diss., lmu, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-69095.
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Aizawa, Yasutaka. "Permeability and Porosity Structures of Niigata Basin, Japan and Ursa Basin, the northern Gulf of Mexico." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/124364.
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Hussen, Akif Ali. "Measurement of Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity in the Field." FIND on the Web, 1991.
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Zhang, Yinning. "Characterization of High Porosity Drainage Layer Materials for M-E Pavement Design." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51389.
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The objective of this study is to characterize the properties of typically adopted drainage layer materials in VA, OK, and ID. A series of laboratory tests have been conducted to quantify the volumetric properties, permeability and mechanical properties of the laboratory-compacted asphalt treated and cement treated permeable base specimens. The modified test protocols to determine the dynamic modulus of the drainage layer materials have been provided, which can be followed to determine the dynamic modulus of the drainage layers as level 1 input in Mechanistic-Empirical (M-E) pavement design. The measured dynamic moduli have been used to calibrate the original NCHRP 1-37A model to facilitate its application on drainage layer materials for prediction of the dynamic modulus as level 2 input. The compressive strength of the cement treated permeable base mixture of different air void contents has also been quantified in laboratory. Numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the location effects and the contribution of the drainage layer as a structural component within pavement. The optimal air void content of the drainage layer is recommended for Virginia, Oklahoma and Idaho based on the laboratory-determined permeability and the predicted pavement performances during 20-year service life.Ph. D.
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Ojongokpoko, Hanson Mbi. "Porosity and permeability distribution in the deep marine play of the central Bredasdorp Basin, Block 9, offshore South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1341_1189600798.
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This study described porosity and permeability distribution in the deep marine play of the central Bredasdorp Basin, Block 9, offshore South Africa using methods that include thin section petrography, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy, in order to characterize their porosity and permeability distributions, cementation and clay types that affect the porosity and permeability distribution. The study included core samples from nine wells taken from selected depths within the Basin.
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Al-Huthali, Ahmed. "Streamline-based simulation of water injection in naturally fractured reservoirs." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/410.
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The current streamline formulation is limited to single-porosity systems and is then not suitable for application to naturally fractured reservoirs. Describing the fluid transport in naturally fractured reservoirs has been recognized as a main challenge for simulation engineers due to the complicated physics involved.
In this work, we generalized the streamline-based simulation to describe the fluid transport in naturally fractured reservoirs. We implemented three types of transfer function: the conventional transfer function (CTF), the diffusion transfer function (DTF), and the empirical transfer function (ETF). We showed that these transfer functions can be implemented easily in the current single-porosity streamline codes. These transfer functions have been added as a source term to the transport equation that describes the saturation evolution along the streamlines. We solved this equation numerically for all types of transfer functions. The numerical solution of the continuity equation with DTF and ETF requires discretizing a convolution term. We derived an analytical solution to the saturation equation with ETF in terms of streamline TOF to validate the numerical solution. We obtain an excellent match between the numerical and the analytical solution.
The final stage of our study was to validate our work by comparing our dual-porosity streamline simulator (DPSS) to the commercial dual-porosity simulator, ECLIPSE. The dual-porosity ECLIPSE uses the CTF to describe the interaction between the matrix-blocks and the fracture system. The dual-porosity streamline simulator with CTF showed an excellent match with the dual-porosity ECLIPSE. On the other hand, dual-porosity streamline simulation with DTF and ETF showed a lower recovery than the recovery obtained from the dual-porosity ECLIPSE and the DPSS with CTF. This difference in oil recovery is not due to our formulation, but is related to the theoretical basis on which CTF, DTF, and ETF were derived in the literature. It was beyond the scope of this study to investigate the relative accuracy of each transfer function.
We demonstrate that the DPSS is computationally efficient and ideal for large-scale field application. Also, we showed that the DPSS minimizes numerical smearing and grid orientation effects compared to the dual-porosity ECLIPSE.
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Chellappah, Kuhan. "A study of the filtration of fibre/particle mixtures." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6323.
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This thesis investigates the constant pressure cake filtration of interacting cellulose fibre/TiO2 (rutile) mixtures, and involved experimental studies using an automated pressure filtration apparatus. The influence of suspension composition, filtration pressure and solution environment on filtration has been discussed in relation to cake properties such as average cake porosity and specific resistance. To help interpret the filtration results, sedimentation data were also obtained. The average porosities of filter cakes formed from pure rutile and fibre suspensions in deionised water were approximately 0.6 and 0.75, respectively, and a steady and progressive increase in porosity with fibre fraction was generally observed. With filtrations at 450 kPa, the average specific cake resistances for pure fibre and rutile in deionised water were approximately 9.4x1013 and 4.2x1012 m kg-1 respectively, with the variation of specific resistance with solids composition showing a minimum. Similar trends were observed at other tested filtration pressures with suspensions in deionised water but not with filtrations of suspensions in 0.2 M NaCl and 0.1 M CaCl2 solutions. The minima in average specific cake resistance with solids composition for feeds in deionised water was attributed to rutile-fibre interactions. Abrupt transitions in cake structure were evident part way through some filtrations, and resulted in unexpected filtrate flow behaviour. This is an interesting phenomenon, and not only were the changes in cake structure relatively reproducible, but also the nature of the change could be altered by changes in filtration pressure, solids composition and/or solution environment. The study of fibre/particle binary filtration behaviour, in particular the porosity and specific cake resistance trends, were substantiated by relevant theoretical treatment and modelling analysis. With the porosity trends, an additive porosity concept seemed to represent the data better than interparticle penetration models. With the specific cake resistance trends, a semi-empirical equation was proposed which appeared to represent a wide range of binary mixture filtration data. A mathematical framework was also developed in an attempt to understand the underlying physical mechanisms which led to filter cake restructuring, and possible explanations were postulated.
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Stuart, Thomas (Thomas Edward Walter). "The measurement of radio frequency complex permeability of thin round wires." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53657.
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Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is concerned with the measurement of the complex permeability of thin round wires at radio frequencies. This is of interest as such wires are used in various applications, such as absorbing chaff. Iron and nickel alloys are also used for their good tensile properties but have an undesired electromagnetic effect which needs to be characterised. Although little work has been done in this field in recent decades it remains a relevant problem. In this thesis the advantages of accurate wide-band measurements performed by automatic network analysers are applied to the field. The measurement system is a closed coaxial transmission line with a short circuit termination. The centre conductor is the wire of interest. The surface impedance of the wire is related to complex permeability and is measured using low-loss transmission line approximations applied to half-wavelength resonances. The loss associated with complex permeability is separated from conductivity by a D.C. conductivity measurement. A full wave analysis of the coaxial mode was performed and compared to measured values. The maximum error of the propagation constant was found to be 31% at the highest frequencies and was primarily due to length uncertainties. By varying parameters expected error bands around the measured permeability were found. These bands are of the order 1 and demonstrate that the system is sufficiently robust. The measurement of the permeability of two non-magnetic wires was performed and a relative permeability of 1 was found, demonstrating the correct working of the system. A steel wire was measured and compared to measurements found in literature. The permeability dropped as frequency rose as was expected, and an acceptable comparison to other measurements was made as there is no verification standard. Thus a simple measurement system that takes advantage of calibrated automatic network analyser measurements has been developed and demonstrated to work with sufficient accuracy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis word die meting van die komplekse permeabiliteit van dun ronde drade by radio frekwensies ondersoek. Hierdie drade word in verskeie toepassings gebruik, waaronder dié van absorberende materiale. Nikkel- en ysterallooie word ook vir hul goeie breekkrageienskappe gebruik. In laasgenoemde gevalle moet die ongewenste elektromagnetiese effekte wat voorkom, gekarakteriseer word. Hoewel baie min werk in onlangse dekades gedoen is, bly die meting van die komplekse permeabiliteit 'n relevante probleem. In hierdie tesis word die voordele van akkurate wyeband metings, soos geneem deur 'n outomatiese netwerk analiseerder, toegepas in dié veld. Die meetopstelling is 'n geslote koaksiale transmissielyn, kortgesluit aan een end. Die middel geleier is die draad van belang. Die oppervlak impedansie van die draad is verwant aan die komplekse permeabiliteit, en word gemeet deur die gebruik van lae verlies transmissielyn benaderings, soos toegepas op halfgolf resonante frekwensies. Die verlies wat met die komplekse permeabiliteit geassosieer word, word van die geleidingsvermoë onderskei deur 'n G.S. meting van die geleidingsvermoë. 'n Volgolf analise van die koaksiale mode is uitgevoer en met gemete waardes vergelyk. 'n Maksimum fout van 31% by die hoogste frekwensie is in die voortplantingskonstante gevind. Hierdie volg primêr uit onsekerhede in lengte. Deur die parameters te varieer kon 'n verwagte foutband rondom die gemete permeabiliteit gevind word. Hierdie bande is van die orde 1 waaruit volg dat die stelsel 'n genoegsame robuustheid toon. Die komplekse permeabiliteit van twee nie-magnetiese drade is gemeet en 'n relatiewe permeabiliteit van 1 is gevind. Hierdie bevestig die korrekte werking van die stelsel. 'n Staal draad is opgemeet en met gepubliseerde meetresultate vergelyk. Soos verwag, verminder die permeabiliteit met 'n verhoging in frekwensie. Hoewel geen verifiëringstandaard beskikbaar is nie, is 'n aanvaarbare vergelyking met ander metings gemaak. Die produk van die navorsing is 'n metingstelsel wat, met behulp van 'n gekalibreerde outomatiese netwerk analiseerder, aanvaarbare akkuraatheid in die meting van die komplekse permeabiliteit van dun ronde drade by radio frekwensies kan verkry.
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Grover, David Klein Weibust. "Surface Gas Permeability of Porous Building Materials: Measurement, Analysis and Applications." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2014. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/266.
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In many events affecting our civil infrastructure, such as contamination or weathering, it is likely that only the surfaces of the affected building materials will be available for non-destructive measurements. In this work, we describe and analyze surface gas permeability measurements on a variety of natural and engineered building materials using two types of relatively new, non-destructive surface permeameters. It is shown that the surface gas permeability measurements correlate well with each other and could provide rapid estimates of macroscopic gas permeability and degradation of materials due to weathering. It is hypothesized that surface permeability can be used to predict macroscopic wicking of water. The results indicated that macroscopic wicking correlated reasonably well with surface permeability measurements of uniform materials with low permeabilities such as sandstones and clay brick.
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Murray, Gordon Bruce. "The development of an estimation method for the saturated hydraulic conductivity of selected Nova Scotia soils /." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59983.
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An estimation method for predicting the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) of the soil was developed for common Nova Scotia soil types by examination of historical Ksat records. Detailed statistical analysis was performed to develop useful predictive models for Ksat based on soil physical properties and to determine the confidence limits for specific horizon-soil type combinations. Sensitivity analysis of the Hooghoudt equation was then performed to establish Ksat classes to which the confidence limits could be assigned to complete the development of the estimation method.Model development processes proved unsuccessful due to the influence of factors not considered by the model due to their qualitative nature. Independent field testing of the estimation method with respect to core and Guelph permeameter measurement techniques produced measured values within the same class as the estimated value 34% of the time for both techniques and values within one estimated class or less 70 and 76% of the time for core and permeameter techniques respectively.
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Eyre, Bradley. "Depositional environment and diagenetic controls on porosity and permeability of early Cambrian basal siliciclastics in the Georgina Basin /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbe98.pdf.
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Hussen, Akif Ali 1957. "Measurement of Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity in the Field." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191170.
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Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity was measured using four different methods. Tension permeameters were used to measure unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in the field, using a single disc method, which depends on the measurements of sorptivity, steady state flow rate, initial and final water content (White and Perroux, 1987, 1989). Also, a double disc method was used which utilizes Wooding's (1968) equation for two different disc radii at the same tension for steady state flow rates. Undisturbed and disturbed soil cores were used to measure unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in the lab, using water retention curves with van Genuchten's equations. There were no significant differences in the mean of hydraulic conductivity between single and double disc methods in all the tensions used (0, 5, 10 and 15 cm). There were significant differences between the field methods and undisturbed soil cores in zero cm tension, and disturbed soil cores in 10 and 15 cm tension. The effect of land preparation on the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity was studied using the double disc method. Tilling has significant effects on the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at all tensions used. The spatial variation of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and steady state flow in different tensions using the double disc method was studied. We found exponential variogram models for unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at 5, 10 and 15 cm tensions and a random model for zero cm tension. Also, exponential models were best fitted for steady state flow corresponding to pores radii of 0.03 - 0.015 cm, 0.015 - 0.010 cm and steady state flow at 10 cm tension. A Michaelis-Menton model was used for steady state flow at 5 cm and 15 cm tension. Disc permeameters were also used to add 5 cm depth of water, bromide and dye solution at 0, 5, 10 and 15 cm tensions with three replicates. A comparison was made between field data and simulated model under the same boundary and initial conditions as in the field. Results showed that the water and bromide move deeper than the prediction of the simulated model in all tensions used. The differences were larger between simulated model and field data for both water and bromide concentrations in the lower tension and smaller in the higher tension as a result of elimination of some preferential flow paths. An equation was developed for cumulative infiltration valid for both small and large time. The parameters calculated using the developed equation closely matched the measured infiltration, and fit better than a three term series similar to the Philip equation for one-dimensional flow.
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Parker, Irfaan. "Petrophysical evaluation of sandstone reservoirs of the Central Bredasdorp Basin, Block 9, offshore South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4661.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScThis contribution engages in the evaluation of offshore sandstone reservoirs of the Central Bredasdorp basin, Block 9, South Africa using primarily petrophysical procedures. Four wells were selected for the basis of this study (F-AH1, F-AH2, F-AH4, and F-AR2) and were drilled in two known gas fields namely F-AH and F-AR. The primary objective of this thesis was to evaluate the potential of identified Cretaceous sandstone reservoirs through the use and comparison of conventional core, special core analysis, wire-line log and production data. A total of 30 sandstone reservoirs were identified using primarily gamma-ray log baselines coupled with neutron-density crossovers. Eleven lithofacies were recognised from core samples. The pore reduction factor was calculated, and corrected for overburden conditions. Observing core porosity distribution for all wells, well F-AH4 displayed the highest recorded porosity, whereas well F-AH1 measured the lowest recorded porosity. Low porosity values have been attributed to mud and silt lamination influence as well as calcite overgrowths. The core permeability distribution over all the studied wells ranged between 0.001 mD and 2767 mD. Oil, water, and gas, were recorded within cored sections of the wells. Average oil saturations of 3 %, 1.1 %, and 0.2 % were discovered in wells F-AH1, F-AH2, and F-AH4. Wells F-AH1 to F-AR2 each had average gas saturations of 61 %, 57 %, 27 %, and 56 % respectively; average core water saturations of 36 %, 42 %, 27 %, and 44 % were recorded per well.
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Hwang, Bohyun. "Water-Rock Interaction in the Coso Geothermal System." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1417724456.
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Mosier, Roger Carhart. "An experimental apparatus for the measurement of moisture permeability of building materials." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07102009-040311/.
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Norman, Kristoffer. "Stylolitization of Limestone : - A Study about the Morphology of Stylolites and Its Impacts of Porosity and Permeability in Limestone." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-256884.
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Nejedlik, John. "Petrographic image analysis as a tool to quantify porosity and cement distribution." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SM/09smn417.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-157). Petrographic image analysis proved particularly useful in determining the parameters for statistical analysis for the simple mineralogies displayed in the samples from the Hutton Sandstone. Concentrates on establishing techniques for statistical study of data collected by PIA to subdivide the framework grains from the porosity or cement.
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Farquharson, James. "Permeability evolution in volcanic systems : field, laboratory, and numerical investigations." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH018/document.
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La perméabilité est une propriété essentielle notamment pour déterminer la nature explosive des volcans, ainsi que pour de nombreuses autres applications scientifiques et industrielles dans les environnements où l'écoulement du fluide est une préoccupation majeure. Combinant des méthodes expérimentales de déformation des roches en laboratoire, des approches de terrain, de la modélisation numérique, et des analyses systématiques de microstructure, ce travail a mis en évidence le caractère complexe de la formation et la destruction des réseaux poreux dans le magma et des roches volcaniques. La compétition entre les processus dilatants (qui augmentent la porosité) et compactants (qui la diminuent) exerce une influence sur les propriétés de transport des fluides à la fois dans le magma et dans la roche volcanique solidifiée. Ces processus incluent la vésiculation et la croissance des bulles dans le conduit, la rupture et la compression du magma, la fracturation issue du refroidissement et fracturation induite par le transport, ainsi que la déformation pendant ou après la mise en place des matériaux, et la densification par frittageThe permeability of various volcanic materials is an essential parameter governing the explosive behaviour of volcanic systems, as well as being important in many other scientific and industrial applications in environments where fluid flow is a major concern. Combining experimental rock deformation methods with field measurements, numerical modelling, and systematic analyses of rock microstructure, this work explores the complexities involved in the formation and destruction of porous networks in magma and volcanic rocks, addressing how permeability can evolve in volcanic systems. Competition between dilatant processes (which increase porosity) and compactant processes (which decrease porosity) influences the fluid transport properties both in the conduit-dwelling magma and in solidified edifice rock. These processes include (but are not limited to) vesiculation and bubble growth in the conduit, fracture and compaction of magma, post-emplacement thermal or mechanical fracturing, strain-induced deformation, and viscous sintering
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Nimuno, Teumahji Achu. "The application of geophysical wireline logs for porosity and permeability characterisation of coal seams for coal bed methane evaluation : Waterberg Basin, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5104.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScThe fracture porosity and permeability of the Beaufort Seam 1 (BS1) and Ecca coal seams of the Waterberg Basin have been comprehensively characterised with the aid of geophysical wire‐line logs. The main aim of the thesis was to estimate the porosity and permeability of the coal seams using down‐hole wire‐line data; comparing results from injection falloff test to establish the validity of the technique as a fast an effective method. The study area is the largely under explored Karoo‐aged, fault bounded Waterberg basin Located in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. The study employed mainly the density and dual lateral resistivity logging data (Las format) from eight wells (WTB45, WTB48, WTB56, WTB58, WTB62, WTB65, WTB70 and WTB72). Density logging data was used for coal identification and fracture porosity estimation while fracture permeability was estimated from dual lateralog resistivity data. Analysis of fracture porosity required coal cementation indices and fracture width as an input parameter. These were estimated with the aid of water pump out test data, coal quality and gas analysis data provided by Anglo Coal in addition to the above mention logs. The collection of sheet coal model was used to represent anisotropic coal reservoirs with non‐uniform fracture system was used to represent these coals. The mathematical formulas used to estimate both fracture porosity and permeability took into account the above coal model. The theoretical formulas are a modification from both Darcy’s equation and Archie’s equations. The coal seams were encountered at depths ranging from 198m to 385m in the wells and were marked by low density and very high resistivity. From the estimated results the coal reservoirs are characterised by high cementation indices ranging from 0.82 to 2.42, very low fracture porosity and low fracture permeability. Estimated results show that coal reservoir fracture porosity ranged from 0.0002% to 0.33% for both BS1 and Ecca seams. Estimated results also show that coal reservoir permeability ranged from 0.0045mD to 6.05mD in the BS1 formation and from 0.01 to 0.107mD in the Ecca. Results when compared with those of injection falloff test shows that the estimated permeability is slightly lower as expected since the model did not account for coal anisopropy. The fracture permeability was found to decrease with increase in vitrinite content, coal rank, coal burial depth and increases with increase in inertinite content. On a basinal scale the model estimated permeability was found to increase slightly from the east to the west of the basin. The porosity decreases with increase cementation index for deeper coal seams and increases with increase cementation index for shallower coal seams.
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Dulaney, Nathaniel Frederick. "Quantifying Contributions to the Variance of Permeability and Porosity within the Western Belt Sandstones of the Cypress Formation, Illinois Basin." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1591107174920854.
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Mosavel, Haajierah. "Petrophysical characterization of sandstone reservoirs through boreholes E-S3, E-S5 and F-AH4 using multivariate statistical techniques and seismic facies in the Central Bredasdorp Basin." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3984.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScThe thesis aims to determine the depositional environments, rock types and petrophysical characteristics of the reservoirs in Wells E-S3, E-S5 and F-AH4 of Area X in the Bredasdorp Basin, offshore South Africa. The three wells were studied using methods including core description, petrophysical analysis, seismic facies and multivariate statistics in order to evaluate their reservoir potential. The thesis includes digital wireline log signatures, 2D seismic data, well data and core analysis from selected depths. Based on core description, five lithofacies were identified as claystone (HM1), fine to coarse grained sandstone (HM2), very fine to medium grained sandstone (HM3), fine to medium grained sandstone (HM4) and conglomerate (HM5). Deltaic and shallow marine depositional environments were also interpreted from the core description based on the sedimentary structures and ichnofossils. The results obtained from the petrophysical analysis indicate that the sandstone reservoirs show a relatively fair to good porosity (range 13-20 %), water saturation (range 17-45 %) and a predicted permeability (range 4- 108 mD) for Wells E-S3, E-S5 andF-AH4. The seismic facies model of the study area shows five seismic facies described as parallel, variable amplitude variable continuity, semi-continuous high amplitude, divergent variable amplitude and chaotic seismic facies as well as a probable shallow marine, deltaic and submarine fan depositional system. Linking lithofacies to seismic facies maps helped to understand and predict the distribution and quality of reservoir packages in the studied wells
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Li, Leon Daliang. "Microfluidic enabling technologies for measurement of the selective permeability of the mucus barrier." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79247.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D. in Electrical and Medical Engineering)--Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, 2013..Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-72).
Mucus is a biological hydrogel which lines the wet (non-keratinized) epithelia of the body. Mucus provides a gateway between the cells of the epithelium and the outside world, and is postulated to provide a selective filtering function which is critical to physiological functioning and has been implicated in diseases. Currently, much of the mechanisms and criteria of this selective filtering function is not well understood. In this thesis, we contribute novel microfluidic devices to characterize the selective permeability properties of the mucus barrier. Microfluidics provides the engineering ability to create channels with precise geometries, fluid flow capability, and allow chemical concentration gradients. Our devices mimic the physiological environment of the mucosa and enable improved measurements of the mucus layer selective permeability. The first microfluidic device mimics the acid barrier function of the stomach mucus layer. This device reproduces on-chip the secretion of mucus by the gastric mucosa into an acidic stomach lumen. We use this device to demonstrate that the secretion of mucins, the glycoprotein structural component of mucus, contributes significantly to the acid barrier function by continuously binding H'. The second microfluidic device probes the permeability of the mucus barrier to nanoscale peptides, as a model for drug molecules and in vivo signaling molecules. The device enabled the creation of a mucus layer next to a flowing aqueous layer, mimicking the in vivo mucus layer and lumen of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and female reproductive tracts. Peptides added to the aqueous flow diffused across the mucus barrier interface into the mucus layer. This device demonstrated that the mucus barrier provides selective permeability to nanoscale peptides based on electrostatic interactions, and suggest novel surface functionalization strategies for drug carriers to improve mucosal drug delivery. Taken together, this thesis provides new microfluidic tools to probe the selective permeability function of the mucus barrier. Using the microfluidic tools, we show new mechanistic understanding of this barrier.
by Leon Daliang Li.
Ph.D.in Electrical and Medical Engineering
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Toelle, Brian E. "Use of 3D Seismic Azimuthal Iso-Frequency Volumes for the Detection and Characterization of High Porosity/Permeability Zones in Carbonate Reservoirs." Thesis, West Virginia University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3538201.
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Among the most important properties controlling the production from conventional oil and gas reservoirs is the distribution of porosity and permeability within the producing geologic formation. The geometry of the pore space within these reservoirs, and the permeability associated with this pore space geometry, impacts not only where production can occur and at what flow rates but can also have significant influence on many other rock properties. Zones of high matrix porosity can result in an isotropic response for certain reservoir properties whereas aligned porosity/permeability, such as open, natural fracture trends, have been shown to result in reservoirs being anisotropic in many properties.
The ability to identify zones within a subsurface reservoir where porosity/permeability is significantly higher and to characterize them according to their geometries would be of great significance when planning where new boreholes, particularly horizontal boreholes, should be drilled. The detection and characterization of these high porosity/permeability zones using their isotropic and anisotropic responses may be possible through the analysis of azimuthal (also referred to as azimuth-limited) 3D seismic volumes.
During this study the porosity/permeability systems of a carbonate, pinnacle reef within the northern Michigan Basin undergoing enhanced oil recovery were investigated using selected seismic attributes extracted from azimuthal 3D seismic volumes. Based on the response of these seismic attributes an interpretation of the geometry of the porosity/permeability system within the reef was made. This interpretation was supported by well data that had been obtained during the primary production phase of the field. Additionally, 4D seismic data, obtained as part of the CO2 based EOR project, supported reservoir simulation results that were based on the porosity/permeability interpretation.
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Zhang, Chao. "Measurement and modeling of the in-plane permeability of oriented strand-based wood composites." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/14837.
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The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of panel density and air flow direction on the in-plane permeability of oriented strand-based wood composites. In-plane permeability is a key factor governing the energy consumption and pressing time during manufacture. The result is expected to provide information which could potentially reduce the pressing time.
The thick, oriented strand boards of five densities were made of aspen (Populus
tremuloides), and pressed in the laboratory. The production procedure yielded a uniform
vertical density profile and good strand orientation. The specimens were sealed in a
specially designed specimen holder and connected to a permeability measurement
apparatus. The permeability values in parallel, perpendicular, and 45° to the strand orientation were obtained.
The results showed that permeability values decreased rapidly as the density increased.
The permeability was highest in the parallel-to-strand direction, and lowest in the
perpendicular-to-strand direction. The permeability value in 45° direction was between the values of parallel- and perpendicular-to-strand directions. A polynomial equation was fitted to the results and an R² was between 0.93 8 and 0.993. To examine the void structure changes during the densification, microscopic techniques were employed. Microscopic slides for each density level were prepared with a typical method widely used for petrography, and then investigated with a fluorescence
microscope. The compression of inter-strand and intra-strand voids, including the failure
of cell walls, was observed. The compression of cell structures was found and a high
variability between regions was observed to occur within one specimen. A model for the permeability in the direction parallel to strand orientation was developed based on the microscopic and macroscopic geometry measurements. The vessel element was considered as the main path for intra-strand fluid transportation and its size
development with compression was determined by the microscopic analysis. Permeability
was then calculated by the sum of flows occurring intra-strand voids added with the effect of inter-strand voids. The model predictions closely matched the experimental data for densities between 450 and 700 kg/m³.
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Srisakthivel, Subramaniam. "Laboratory measurement of the permeability of clay soils assisted by a self-boring device." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408297.
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Choi, Woo Jhon. "Measurement of retinal vascular permeability in a rat model using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68441.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a diagnostic tool which can perform non-contact, noninvasive, cross-sectional imaging of the retina and anterior eye in real time, has dramatically improved in its resolution and speed in the recent years. In addition to the advancement in hardware, different OCT methods for functional measurements, such as Doppler OCT for quantifying blood flow and generating angiography using OCT phase information, polarization sensitive OCT for measuring intrinsic mechanical / optical tissue property using light of different polarizations, and spectroscopic OCT for measuring blood oxygenation using multiple wavelengths, have been demonstrated and developed. In this thesis, a dual-wavelength spectroscopic OCT technique is investigated to detect and quantify retinal vascular permeability changes in a small animal model. By injecting an intravascular dye that can act as a wavelength-dependent absorbing contrast agent into the bloodstream of a small animal, retinal vascular permeability changes induced by retinal diseases or external agents directly injected into the vitreous could be measured using spectroscopic OCT. Because OCT enables depth-resolved imaging of the retina, this technique may enable quantitative mapping of vascular permeability in vivo, which may have a significant impact on understanding the mechanisms of diseases that alter retinal vascular permeability, such as diabetic retinopathy. In this study, an OCT system with a diffraction-limited small animal imaging interface and a dual-wavelength OCT spectrometer for spectroscopic measurements was designed and built. Using this dual-wavelength spectroscopic OCT system, the rat retina could be imaged at two different wavelength bands simultaneously, and methods for analyzing spectroscopic OCT data were investigated for retinal vascular permeability measurement.
by Woo Jhon Choi.
S.M.
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Uh, Jinsoo. "Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and analysis for determination of porous media properties." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4899.
Full textAbstract:
Advanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging methodologies have
been developed to determine porous media properties associated with fluid flow processes.
This dissertation presents the development of NMR experimental and analysis
methodologies, called NMR probes, particularly for determination of porosity, permeability,
and pore-size distributions of porous media while the developed methodologies
can be used for other properties.
The NMR relaxation distribution can provide various information about porous
systems having NMR active nuclei. The determination of the distribution from NMR
relaxation data is an ill-posed inverse problem that requires special care, but conventionally
the problem has been solved by ad-hoc methods. We have developed a new
method based on sound statistical theory that suitably implements smoothness and
equality/inequality constraints. This method is used for determination of porosity
distributions. A Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) NMR experiment is designed
to measure spatially resolved NMR relaxation data. The determined relaxation distribution
provides the estimate of intrinsic magnetization which, in turn, is scaled to
porosity.
A pulsed-field-gradient stimulated-echo (PFGSTE) NMR velocity imaging experiment
is designed to measure the superficial average velocity at each volume element. This experiment measures velocity number distributions as opposed to the average
phase shift, which is conventionally measured, to suitably quantify the velocities
within heterogeneous porous media. The permeability distributions are determined
by solving the inverse problem formulated in terms of flow models and the velocity
data. We present new experimental designs associated with flow conditions to enhance
the accuracy of the estimates. Efforts have been put forth to further improve
the accuracy by introducing and evaluating global optimization methods.
The NMR relaxation distribution can be scaled to a pore-size distribution once
the surface relaxivity is known. We have developed a new method, which avoids
limitations on the range of time for which data may be used, to determine surface
relaxivity by the PFGSTE NMR diffusion experiment.
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Dominick, Nehemiah Eliezer. "Reservoir heterogeneity of the sandstone reservoirs within the Pletmos basin, block11a, offshore South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3901.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScThis study is aimed at illustrating the reservoir heterogeneity in the BCII - BCI interval of the Ga-field, offshore South Africa. This was achieved by generating a conceptual static model as a predictive tool for the BCII - BCI interval. The reservoir zones between BCII - BCI were sub divided into two major zones, viz: zone A and zone B. Petrophysical analysis was conducted on the three wells Ga-A3, Ga-Q1 and Ga-Q2. The application of the sequential gaussian algorithm ensured that all of the available data was honoured to the highest extent in generating the realisations to display the heterogeneity of the BCII – BCI sandstone reservoir. Sampling values from the well logs were extrapolated into the 3D grid. Each reservoir contained a percentage of shale or clay of about 45% -50%. Small scaled reservoir heterogeneity has been construed to the influence of the sedimentary structures. Large scaled reservoir heterogeneity has been identified, due to the lateral extent of the claystones which is widely distributed throughout the study area
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Resendes, José Simão Morgado. "Fenómenos de transporte em leitos constituídos por partículas com diferente diâmetro e forma." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e de Gestão, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/1716.
Full textAbstract:
Neste trabalho estudou-se experimentalmente a porosidade e permeabilidade de
leitos granulados constituídos por misturas de partículas esféricas com dois
diâmetros diferentes. Os estudos foram conduzidos variando a fracção volúmica de
partículas de maior dimensão, xD, presentes nos leitos e o rácio d =d/D, onde d e D
representam o diâmetro das partículas de menor e maior dimensão,
respectivamente. Recorrendo à equação de Kozeny-Carman e aos valores
experimentais da permeabilidade e porosidade foi então possível calcular a
tortuosidade.
Adicionalmente, foi estudada a permeabilidade e porosidade de leitos fixos
contendo misturas de partículas esféricas e cilíndricas para diferentes fracções
volúmicas de partículas cilíndricas, sendo estas caracterizadas por um diâmetro
equivalente superior ao diâmetro das partículas esféricas.
A porosidade mínima obtida para os diferentes rácios d das misturas de esferas
registou-se entre xD = 0.65 e xD = 0.7, tendo a porosidade mínima das misturas de
esferas/cilindros sido obtida nessa mesma região de fracção volúmica. A porosidade
mínima das misturas de esferas decresceu com o decréscimo do rácio d.
O valor mínimo da permeabilidade situou-se, em todos os casos (misturas de
esferas com diferente d e misturas esferas/cilindros), na região de fracções
volúmicas situadas no intervalo entre 0.3 e 0.5.
O facto de se obterem porosidades mínimas e permeabilidades mínimas em
diferentes regiões da fracção volúmica de partículas de maior dimensão pode
dever-se a variados efeitos de distorção do arranjo das partículas no interior dos
empacotamentos, conduzindo estes efeitos de distorção ao decréscimo da
tortuosidade na região da porosidade mínima e, consequentemente, ao aumento da
permeabilidade. In this work, the experimental porosity and permeability of granular beds
containing mixtures of spherical particles with different size were studied. The
studies were carried out varying the volume fraction content of bigger particles, xD,
and the particle size ratio d =d/D between smaller and bigger particles, d and D
being the diameter of small and large particles. Using the Kozeny-Carman equation
and the experimental results of porosity and permeability, was possible to calculate
the tortuosity.
Additionally, it was studied the permeability and porosity of granular beds
containing spherical particles and cylindrical particles, the latter particles being
bigger than the former ones. In these studies it was also varied the volume fraction
content of bigger particles (cylinders).
The minimum porosities, reached with the mixtures of spheres with different
particle size ratio d or mixtures spheres/cylinders, were obtained in volume fraction
content of bigger particles located in the interval 0.65 – 0.7. The minimum porosity
of granular beds containing mixtures of spheres decreased with the decrease of d.
The minimum values of permeability were obtained at volume fractions of bigger
particles (spheres or cylinders) located in the range 0.3-0.5.
This difference between the volume fraction content where the minimum porosity
and minimum permeability are reached is probably provoked by various distortion
effects that affect the arrangement of the different particles within the packing,
these distortion effects leading to lower values of tortuosity on the region of
minimum porosity.
50
Andersson, Linnéa. "Shaping Macroporous Ceramics : templated synthesis, X-ray tomography and permeability." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för material- och miljökemi (MMK), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-54677.
Full textAbstract:
Macroporous ceramic materials have found widespread technological application ranging from particulate filters in diesel engines, tissue engineering scaffolds, and as support materials in carbon capture processes. This thesis demonstrates how the pore space of macroporous alumina can be manipulated, analysed in three-dimensions (3D) using visualisation techniques, and functionalised with a CO2-adsorbing material. A novel method was developed to produce macroporous alumina materials: by combining sacrificial templating with thermally expandable polymeric microspheres and gel-casting of an alumina suspension. This method offers a versatile production of macroporous ceramics in which the level of porosity and the pore size distribution can easily be altered by varying the amount and type of spheres. The permeability to fluid flow could be regulated by controlling the connectivity of the pore space and the size of the smallest constrictions between the pores. Sacrificial templating with particle-coated expandable spheres significantly increased the fraction of isolated pore clusters and reduced both the sizes and the numbers of connections between neighbouring pores, compared to templating with un-coated spheres. The macroporous alumina materials were characterised with X-ray micro-computed tomography (μ-CT). The 3D data-sets obtained by X-ray μ-CT were used to calculate the spatial variation in porosity, the throat and pore size distributions and to calculate the permeability to fluid flow. The throat and pore size distributions were also able to be accurately quantified in only one extrusion and intrusion cycle with water-based porosimetry; a relatively novel and simple characterisation technique. The pore walls of the macroporous alumina materials were also coated with zeolite films by a colloidal processing technique. The CO2-uptake of the coated alumina materials and of hierarchically porous monoliths of zeolites was evaluated and compared.As the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 4: Accepted. Paper 5: Manuscript. Paper 6: Submitted.