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Academic literature on the topic 'Pérovskites halogénées'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pérovskites halogénées"
Leblanc, Antonin. "Pérovskites Halogénées pour l'électronique." Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0006.
Full textAlthough the Halogenated Perovskites based 3rd generation of solar cells are very promising, they suffer from a too short lifetime, which is due to a high instability of the Perovskite material towards the moisture in air. Since 10 years, many studies have considerably improved the lifespan of these solar cells, thanks in part to the engineering of the Perovskite material. That is in this context that the results of this thesis are located. Here, in this manuscript, the discovery of the new family of lead (or Tin) and Iodide (or Bromide) deficient Halogenated Perovskites is reported (abbreviated d-PHs). The d-PHs, particularly the Iodoplumbates d-PHs, present a lead lightened 3D Perovskite structure, and tolerate the incorporation of cations that don't respect the imposed limitation from the Goldschmidt factor. The Iodoplumbates d-PHs show suitable optoelectronic properties for an application in solar cells. Moreover, this d-PHs are more stable in open air, towards moisture. Remarkably, some of these d-PHs show a stability more than ten times higher than the stability of their non-deficient Perovskite counterparts. This d-PHs family opens up a new path for the chemistry of the 3D-structure Halogenated Perovskites, and also offers the possibility to combine efficiency and stability for Perovskites solar cells
Che, Xiaoyang. "Étude théorique de matériaux pérovskites halogénées." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S040/document.
Full textThis actual work is entirely devoted to the study of halide perovskite materials, promising materials in many fields of application, by means of the Density Functional Theory. The "hybrid" feature of this type of material is illustrated through various studies of their structural and electronic properties. The three-dimensional compound CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ is firstly presented. Basic electronic properties such as band structures, projected density of states or wave functions are discussed. In addition, the importance of spin-orbit coupling is highlighted. Symmetry analysis is applied to understand and interpret the optical properties of different materials. Structural reconstructions on the surface of the crystals lead the Rashba-Dresselhaus effects. In addition, surface defects and their passivations are also studied. Studies on lead-free materials that are potentially less toxic are proposed in a second step. These studies aim to analyze their potentials for photovoltaic devices from the point of view of electronic structures. Different substitution strategies, ranging from the simple replacement of lead to other more elaborate alternatives such as double perovskites or low-dimensional perovskites are investigated as well
Bouteyre, Paul. "Lasers à pérovskites hybrides halogénées en microcavité." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN069/document.
Full textSince 2012, the hybrid halide perovskites of CH3NH3PbX3 (X = I, Br or Cl) type have emerged as very promising not only in the field of photovoltaics but also for light-emitting devices such as light-emitting diodes and lasers. One of the crucial advantages of these semiconductor materials is their low temperature and solution deposition method. The tuning of the perovskites emission wavelength throughout the visible spectrum by simple chemistry substitutions in the halogenated part is another asset. In particular, the halide perovskites show a high luminescence efficiency in the green and could address the "green gap" problem in laser sources (the "green gap" refers to the drop in efficiency of light-emitting diodes and laser diodes emitting in the green).The thesis work carried out here is focused on the development of an optically pumped laser based on the hybrid halide perovskite CH3NH3PbBr3 emitting in the green. The structure consists of a vertical microcavity based on a 100-nanometre thin film of CH3NH3PbBr3 deposited by spin-coating, inserted between a dielectric mirror and a metal mirror. We have demonstrated, at room temperature, the strong coupling regime between the microcavity photonic mode and the exciton of the perovskite. This strong coupling regime leads to the creation of quasi-particles called exciton-polaritons, which are a coherent superposition of photonic and excitonic states. By increasing the optically injected power, we obtained a laser effect in this microcavity. The study of the emission properties of this laser shows that we have produced a random laser, emitting in the green, filtered directionally by the dispersion curve of the lower polariton. This filtering by the polariton dispersion curve allows the directionality of the laser emission to be controlled over a wide range of angles: angles as large as 22° were obtained experimentally
Bouchard, Mathilde. "Pérovskites halogénées AMX3 : synthèse, substitution cationique et étude structurale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV008/document.
Full textMetal halide perovskites AMX3 (A+ is an organic or inorganic cation: Cs+ methylammonium [CH3NH3]+ (MA); M2+ is a metallic cation such as Pb2+ and X a halide anion I-, Br- or Cl-) have remarkable properties as solar cell absorbers. In the perovskite structural framework the properties of the materials can be easily tailored by modifying their chemical composition. Changing for example the halide anion modulates their band gap. This thesis deals with the synthesis and the advanced characterisation of mixed halide perovskite materials – i.e. with mixed ions on the same site A, M or X – of low dimensions such as thin films and nanocrystals.A fabrication protocol was developed for reference solar cells with CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI3-xClx absorbers yielding a power conversion efficiency over 10%. The perovskite thin films could be fabricated with a controlled thickness and a high reproducibility on different TiO2 substrates (compact, mesoporous or monocrystalline). The study of these thin films by laboratory and synchrotron X-ray diffraction showed that the CH3NH3PbI3-xClx crystallites exhibit a preferential (001) orientation on any kind of TiO2 substrate. By using monocristalline TiO2 substrates we showed for the first time that the degree of orientation and the grain size increased considerably (the surface coverage was determined to be 80%) compared to mesoporous and compact polycrystalline TiO2 substrates. The presence of chlorine at the TiO2–perovskite interface and the low surface roughness of the substrate are key factors, which promote the growth of highly oriented crystallites.In the second part of the thesis, the influence of the partial substitution of lead with non-toxic homovalent metal cations (alcaline earth, 3d transition metals) on the structural and optical properties of hybrid and inorganic perovskite nanocrystals was studied. The morphology and the size of MAPb1-xMxBr3 hybrid nanocrystals synthesised by reprecipitation is clearly affected despite the low substitution (x: maximum 6% with Mg2+). Conversely, in CsPb1-xMxX3 inorganic nanocrystals synthesised by hot injection, up to 16% of Pb2+ could be replaced by Mg2+ or Sr2+, while keeping their size, shape, structure, absorption and photoluminescence properties. With a higher substitution ratio (up to 22% was achieved), the formation of the Cs4PbX6 structure is favoured
Ledee, Ferdinand. "Cristallisation et fonctionnalisation de pérovskites hybrides halogénées à 2-dimensions pour le photovoltaïque et l’émission de lumière." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN045/document.
Full textHybrid halide perovskites are new class of high-end semiconductors that combine high performances, low cost and low temperature proccessability for different application such as photovoltaics or light-emitting devices. Their large-scale commercialization is however hindered by their poor stability. For a few years, many groups started to grow interest in 2-dimensional (2D) hybrid perovskites. This subclass of perovskite is much more stable than their 3D counterparts, and offers more chemical flexibility. Yet their performances are limited by the bad quality of the spin-coated layers. Moreover an increase in the understanding of their intrinsic properties is necessary. This last point could be solved by the study of single crystals. We developped therefore a new anti-solvant, vapor-assisted crystallization (AVC) method for the growth of (PEA)2PbI4 and (PEA)2(MA)Pb2I7. Furthermore, a capped AVC process (AVCC) was developped for the growth of 2D perovskites single crystalline thin films. These films might help getting closer to the intrinsic limits of the material. We also synthesized new 2D luminophore-functionalized perovskite systems. The spectroscopic studies of this material highlighted a possible charge transfer between the two moities of the perovskite. This kind of perovskite could help improving the photovoltaic performances of 2D perovskite thanks to the splitting of the strongly bounded exciton
Sapori, Daniel. "Hybrid Perovskites : Fundamental properties and solar cell thin film technology." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAR0017.
Full textIn the future, the world has to face up to major challenges: increasing the energy production, reducing the environmental impact, moving towards sustainability in energy, etc. Renewable energies such as photovoltaics can meet these challenges. This thesis concerns hybrid halide perovskite materials and their use in solar cells. These materials have recently attracted a lot of attention owing to their direct bandgaps, strong light absorption, large carrier diffusion lengths, tunable optoelectronic properties, and their facile and low-cost fabrication In few years, their energy conversion efficiency has rapidly increased from 3.8 % in 2009 to 22.7 % in 2017, hence approaching efficiencies of crystalline silicon based-devices which represent 90% of commercial photovoltaic cells. In the design of perovskite cells, the perovskite photoabsorber is generally sandwiched by two interfacial layers that yield selective charge collections: the hole and electron transport layers (HTM and ETM). Good quality and adapted interfacial layers are required to obtained high efficiency cells. In this thesis, both the perovskite material and the interfacial layers are investigated
Yildirim, Ceren. "Using a perovskite oxide as interfacial layer for halide perovskite optoelectronics." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0001.
Full textHalide organic-inorganic photovoltaics and light-emitting diodes require suitable charge injection/extraction layers, which are crucial for several important processes governing performance and lifetime. While intensive research has been devoted to developing innovative p-type interfacial layers, materials with highly tunable properties and high photochemical stability remain in demand. This thesis explores oxide perovskites as interlayers for optoelectronic applications due to their stable physical properties under ambient conditions. SrTi0.7Fe0.3O3-δ (STFO) oxide perovskite thin film is utilized as charge extraction/injection layers for planar halide perovskite solar cells and light-emitting diodes. Using pulsed laser deposition (PLD), highly crystalline STFO thin layers on glass/FTO substrates have been successfully processed at relatively moderate temperatures (<400 °C) as compared to traditional deposition techniques. Additional thermal treatments, either by rapid thermal processing (RTP) or conventional thermal annealing, have been applied to the oxide thin films to further improve the larger crystal of the polycrystalline layers, and to tune their optical and electronic properties. When deposited on top of the oxide perovskite, FA0.85Cs0.15Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 halide perovskite layer (suitable for photovoltaic PV energy conversion) show larger grain sizes and better crystalline order than compared to similar films deposited on top of reference p-type interlayer such as commercial PEDOT:PSS. Furthermore, the presence of the oxide resulted in a clear reduction of the fraction of optically inactive halide perovskite phase. This observation suggests that the perovskite interlayer positively impacts the growth mechanism of the halide perovskite active layer. Finally, annealed STFO layers induce longer exciton lifetime in the halide perovskite active layer, compared PEDOT:PSS. Similarly, the crystallization of the (PEA)2(MA)PbBr4 quasi-2D perovskite (suitable for light-emitting LED applications) on STFO layers was found to be of high quality, leading to comparable properties of layers deposited on top of classical PEDOT:PSS. Moreover, quasi-2D perovskite on STFO showed quite a long exciton lifetime. Although STFO thin films integrated into both halide perovskite PV and LED devices have conducted to limited performance, this work demonstrates the high potential of oxide perovskites towards efficient and stable all-perovskite devices
Do, Quang-Huy. "Fabrication and characterization of green light-emitting diodes based on halide perovskites." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LIMO0095.
Full textOver the last decade, many studies have attempted to progress light-emitting diodes based on halide perovskites (PeLEDs) in terms of brightness, efficiency, or stability and exploit their uses in diverse contexts, from display technology to lighting and even biomedical imaging. In this thesis, we studied different strategies for the development of efficient and reliable green PeLEDs towards potential applications in optical wireless communications or high-resolution displays. First, the fabrication process of conventional PeLEDs based on bulk halide perovskites was carefully examined, revealing essential impacts of extraneous variables associated with glovebox environment on perovskite crystallization and device-to-device reproducibility. Consequently, a set of best practices for polycrystalline perovskite deposition in inert environment was proposed to ensure acceptable device repeatability. Then, based on this foundation, we aimed to improve the efficiency of PeLEDs by employing novel emissive materials based on perovskite quantum dots (QDs) synthesized via soft-chemistry route. In particular, an original method to incorporate the perovskite colloids with high-processability inert polymers was introduced to enable the deposition of high-quality emissive thin films. Subsequently, the PeLEDs constructed from these QD/polymer composite materials demonstrated remarkable performance metrics, marking the first successful application of the soft-chemistry-synthesized perovskite QDs in optoelectronic devices. Lastly, an innovative strategy to enhance light-outcoupling efficiency in PeLEDs via nanostructuration of the bulk perovskite emissive layers was exploited. Although desirable morphological, optical, and electroluminescent properties of the perovskite metasurfaces have been observed, consistently producing high-quality perovskite photonic structures remained challenging to us due to the reproducibility issue intrinsic to the employed nanoimprint technologies. Nonetheless, this preliminary research lays the groundwork for further investigation into metasurface-driven PeLEDs
Ali, Azmat. "Elucidating interplay, stability and charge transfer dynamics at lead halide perovskite nanocrystal / 2D transition metal dichalcogenide interface for solar cell applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS375.
Full textLead halide perovskites are considered strong contenders for the next generation of photovoltaics, nonetheless the intrinsic instability of halide perovskite remains a bottleneck for the commercialization of this technology. The striking properties of halide perovskites, fully inorganic CsPbBr3, used in this thesis, when combined with the exceptional properties of nanocrystals (NCs), can result in a material that possesses the attributes of both. Yet, the fundamental properties of perovskite NCs are strongly modified at the interface with charge transport layers and exposure to light. In this thesis, using photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), the dynamical processes that occur at the surface and in the interfaces of CsPbBr3 NCs on metals, semiconductors and oxides, when exposed to infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) light are investigated. The decomposition of perovskite on all the substrates under UV illumination gives a common degradation product of metallic lead (Pb0) and bromide gas (Br2(g)). However, for the CsPbBr3 NCs on gold (Au), both UV light and intense x-rays irradiation not only leads to the anticipated degradation product, Pb0 and Br2(g), but also gives rise to a new chemical specie, which is associated with the underpotential deposition of lead (PbUPD) on the Au surface. Furthermore, UPD of Pb is shown to occur only when the perovskite structure breaks and a direct contact of perovskite and Au is made. Moreover, UV light degradation to the perovskite NCs with regard to metallic lead formation occurs to a lesser extent on ITO and MoOx than on MoS2 and Au, revealing that substrates with wider bandgaps prevent the decomposition of the perovskite. Similarly, different effects of NCs to IR light is observed on Au, and MoS2 and MoOx. IR illumination affects the perovskite NCs on Au in the same way as the UV light and intense x-rays do, but no bromide gas is formed. IR illumination of the CsPbBr3 NCs on MoS2 and MoOx results in intraband surface photovoltage. This photovoltage stems from the deep defects-states located in the middle of the bandgap. However, no decomposition of the perovskite is observed. The findings of this thesis emphasize the substrate dependent properties of the perovskite and their influence when exposed to IR and UV light
Iorgulescu, Mihaela Luciana. "Oxo-halogénures de cobalt : Compréhension de l’influence des substitutions cationiques et anioniques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10018/document.
Full textThis work concerns the synthesis, structural study and physico-chemical characterization of structural systems derived from the 6H and 10H hexagonal perovskites polytypes, formulated BaMX0.2-xO3-δ (M = Co, Fe, Mn, X = F, Cl, Br). The understanding of the stable structural types depending on the substitution on the M and X sites available in the structure was undertaken through analysis of the sub-stoichiometry of the anionic network. It appears that the reduction of the metal is accompanied by the stabilization of polytypes including oligomers of three face–sharing octahedra, while oxidation will tend to stabilize structures with longer sub-units. We have been able to distinguish trends of particular metals by detailed structural analysis, e.g. cobalt (versatile redox - depending on the synthesis conditions), iron (reducing effect) and manganese (oxidizing effect). Of course the flexible metal-metal interactions affect the electronic and magnetic properties of these solids. In addition to the redox changes, steric effects appear, depending on the nature of the X anion, leading to a sub-stoichiometry of the halogen and variable ionic radius-dependent spatial delocalization. Finally, the work on these phases led to a number of novel compounds, associated with original structures. Finally, the insertion, non-voluntary at first, of carbonates ((CO3)2-) groups in different structural types, was also studied