Relevant bibliographies by topics / Peroxide cure

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Academic literature on the topic 'Peroxide cure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Peroxide cure"

1

Ferradino, Anthony G. "Antioxidant Selection for Peroxide Cure Elastomer Applications." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 76, no. 3 (2003): 694–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547763.

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Abstract For applications demanding the best high temperature aging performance with lowest compression set, polymers are crosslinked with peroxides. The carbon-carbon bonds that are formed are more thermally stable than crosslinks containing sulfur atoms generated by conventional vulcanization by sulfur- and sulfur based cure systems. However, peroxide crosslinking requires special attention to the selection of compounding ingredients. Materials such as plasticizers, oils, and acidic materials such as silicas and air-floated clays detract from crosslinking efficiency by competing with the polymer for the free radicals produced by peroxides. Antioxidants, as a class, are free-radical scavengers and inhibit peroxide crosslinking. This paper discusses selecting the best antioxidant systems for peroxide cured elastomers by comparing various classes of antidegradants: peroxy and alkoxy radical traps (amines and hindered phenols), hydroperoxide decomposers, and synergists. Among the most effective include: 1) a quinoline polymerized 1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 2) an amine, p-dicumyl-diphenylamine, 3) a hindered phenol, tetrakis (metylene (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-hydrocinnamate)) methane, and 4) a dithiocarbamate, nickel dimethyl-dithiocarbamate. For optimum performance, these are used in combination with the synergist, zinc-2-mercaptotoluimidazole. Also presented is an antioxidant system optimization study using a statistically designed experiment.
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2

Keller, Robert C. "Peroxide Curing of Ethylene-Propylene Elastomers." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 61, no. 2 (1988): 238–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536185.

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Abstract 1. Ethylene-propylene elastomers, suitably compounded for extrusion applications, can be readily vulcanized with organic peroxides to meet emerging requirements of improved performance and longer service life. 2. Aralkyl or dialkyl classes of peroxides produce the preferred cure performance, highest physical properties, and lowest compression set. Choice of peroxide governs rate of cure but not necessarily the optimum in crosslinking efficiency. 3. Coagents are essential to the development of optimum cure and stress-strain properties. The bis-maleimide is very effective in compounds that contain significant quantities of process oil, antioxidants for increased heat resistance, or other materials that consume free-radicals. 4. Ethylene-propylene compositional parameters influencing vulcanization activity are the diene, both type and concentration, and the ethylene content. Reactivity of the terpolymers is dependent on the type and amount of diene utilized in the polymer synthesis. High ethylene content improves crosslinking efficiency because there are fewer propylene sequences where chain scission can occur. 5. Increasing levels of hydrocarbon process oil needed in fast extruding compounds require higher peroxide concentrations to maintain cure and stress-strain properties.
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3

Grima, M. M. Alvarez, A. G. Talma, R. N. Datta, and J. W. M. Noordermeer. "New Concept of Co-Agents for Scorch Delay and Property Improvement in Peroxide Vulcanization." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 79, no. 4 (2006): 694–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547961.

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Abstract Peroxide cure is an important and widely used cure system for rubber. Several properties obtained via peroxide vulcanization are superior and not achievable with sulfur vulcanization, e.g.: aging resistance, no reversion and low compression set. However, other properties such as tensile strength and dynamic properties, are inferior to those of sulfur vulcanizates. The use of co-agents in peroxide cure leads to a certain extent to improvement in mechanical properties such as tensile strength. Nevertheless the properties are still inferior with respect to mechanical/dynamical properties of sulfur-cured articles. If these properties can be improved, the range of applications of peroxide cure in the rubber industry can be significantly broadened. Scorch is a common problem in peroxide cure, especially for injection molding and extrusion applications. Several additives can help to improve scorch safety, however, they always result in a lower peroxide efficiency, thus inferior vulcanizate properties. In the present study a new concept of co-agents for peroxide vulcanization is introduced. This new concept consists of the use of a combination of a bismaleimide type co-agent, like N,N′-m-phenylenedimaleimide (BMI-MP), and a sulfur containing compound, like dipentamethylenethiuram tetrasulfide (DPTT). This combination provides scorch safety and at the same time improves the mechanical properties of the vulcanizates. Within the bismaleimide type co-agents N,N′-p-phenylenedimaleimide (BMI-PP) provides better mechanical properties than BMI-MP. The concentration of co-agent and sulfur containing compound have a big influence on the scorch time and on the mechanical properties. Optimal properties are reached with 4 phr of co-agent and 0.7 to 0.96 phr of sulfur containing compound.
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4

Dluzneski, Peter R. "Peroxide Vulcanization of Elastomers." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 74, no. 3 (2001): 451–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547647.

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Abstract This paper discusses the competing chemical reactions involved in the peroxide vulcanization of elastomers. Each of these reactions can have a profound effect on the cure characteristics as well as on the properties of the final vulcanizate. The balance between these reactions is determined by several factors including the type of polymer, type and concentration of peroxide, cure temperature, and the presence of other compound additives such as co-agents and antidegradants. The effects of all of these factors are discussed.
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5

Wang, He, Ying Ding, Shugao Zhao, and Claus Wrana. "PEROXIDE CROSS-LINKING OF EPDM USING MOVING DIE RHEOMETER MEASUREMENTS. I: EFFECTS OF THE THIRD MONOMER CONCENTRATION AND PEROXIDE CONTENT." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 88, no. 1 (2015): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.14.85968.

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ABSTRACT The influence of the third monomer 5-ethylene-2-norbornene (ENB) and peroxide content on cure behavior and network structure of peroxide-cured EPDM were investigated by moving die rheometer, NMR relaxation, and dynamic mechanical thermal spectroscopy. According to the rubber elasticity theory, the torque measurement results showed the network structure of peroxide-cured EPDM contained chemical cross-links via combination reaction (Ccom), chemical cross-links via addition reaction (Cadd), and the contribution of entanglement density and network defects to the total cross-link density (CEN). The total cross-link density (Ctot) increased linearly with the peroxide content. The increase of ENB concentration was beneficial for the improvement of cross-linking efficiency of peroxide, but it made the diene conversion of EPDM decrease. CEN was dependent on the third monomer content, which also provided the dominant contribution to the Ctot at low peroxide contents. Furthermore, Ccom and Cadd were dependent on peroxide content linearly, and the latter also was governed by the ENB level.
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6

Chasey, Kent L. "Rubber Process Oils for Peroxide Curing of Ethylene—Propylene Elastomers." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 65, no. 2 (1992): 385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538619.

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Abstract Ten rubber process oils were evaluated in a peroxide-cured EPDM compound. The effects of the process oil on cure-development characteristics and stress—strain properties are discussed. Certain types of molecular structures in the oil can significantly interfere with free-radical vulcanization, and analytical methods for the detection of these structures are provided. The combined effects of the process oil and the peroxide—coagent concentration are also described.
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7

Rajan, Rejitha, Siby Varghese, and K. E. George. "Kinetics of Peroxide Vulcanization of Natural Rubber." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 28, no. 4 (2012): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776061202800405.

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This study was undertaken to optimize the vulcanization conditions and explore the effect of residual peroxide in the peroxide vulcanization of natural rubber. The study was followed through the kinetics of the vulcanization reaction at various temperatures viz. 150,155,160 and 165°C. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) was used as the crosslinking agent. The Monsanto Rheometer was used to investigate the different crosslinking stages and vulcanization kinetics. The thermal decomposition of peroxide followed a first order free radical decomposition reaction. Half-lives at various temperatures were determined. The percentage of residual peroxide was calculated from the cure kinetic data. The effect of residual peroxide on mechanical properties was studied at various peroxide levels and also by extending the cure time (from t90 to t95 and then to t100). Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus and compression set (70 and 100°C) were measured. Excess peroxide was found to cause a high compression set at elevated temperature and the cure time was selected to achieve minimum residual peroxide in the product. Results indicate that peroxide concentration is the dominant factor controlling the crosslink density and hence the properties of the vulcanizates.
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8

Chapman, K. M., and D. J. Jenkin. "Hydrogen Peroxide as a Resin Cure Accelerator." Journal of Adhesion 19, no. 2 (1986): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218468608071218.

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9

Pattanawanidchai, Sirichai, Pongdhorn Sae-Oui, Chakrit Sirisinha, and Chomsri Siriwong. "Cure retardation of peroxide-cured silica filled natural rubber influenced by organosilane." Polymer Engineering & Science 59, no. 1 (2018): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.24864.

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10

Kruželák, Ján, Richard Sýkora, and Ivan Hudec. "Peroxide vulcanization of natural rubber. Part II: effect of peroxides and co-agents." Journal of Polymer Engineering 35, no. 1 (2015): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2014-0035.

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Abstract Four types of peroxides in combination with two types of co-agents were used as cross-linking agents for the preparation of rubber compounds based on natural rubber. The effects of Type I and Type II co-agents on cross-linking and physical-mechanical properties of vulcanizates were investigated. The correlation between mechanisms of the interaction of co-agents with the rubber matrix in relation to the characteristics of tested systems was discussed. The results showed that the Type I co-agent influenced the rate and the state of cure. Physical-mechanical properties were improved by addition of the Type I co-agent. By contrast, the Type II co-agent had no contribution to the rate and state of cure. Moreover, physical-mechanical properties of vulcanizates deteriorated in the presence of this type of co-agent.
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