Relevant bibliographies by topics / Persia

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Persia'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Persia"

1

Haliwungan, Azhar Ilham, and Mathias Revando. "Perubahan Fonologis dalam Kasus Arabisasi Lafaz-lafaz Persia pada Syair “Alamma Khayalun min Qutaylah” Karya Al-A’sya / Phonological Change in the Case of Arabization of Persian Words in the Poem “Alamma Khayalun min Qutaylah” by Al-A'sha." Loghat Arabi : Jurnal Bahasa Arab dan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab 5, no. 1 (June 20, 2024): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.36915/la.v5i1.239.

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The Arabization of Persian phrases is found in Al-A'sha's poem entitled “Alamma Khayalun min Qutaylah”. This is because Al-A'sha was a delegate who had a strong relationship with Persian kings. This study aims to analyze the phonological changes in the case of the arabization of Persian words in the poem. This type of research is qualitative research, while the data sources are the book of Diwan Al-A'sha Al-Kabir and the Arabic-Persian dictionary as data sources. Data collection is done by library research technique. The literature review was conducted by looking for changes in the words in several dictionaries. With such data collection, it can be found the original Persian word before the arabization process occurred. In this study, the phonological approach is applied in content analysis by categorizing the phonological changes into several parts. The analysis of phonological changes is carried out using the school of ancient linguists, especially the school of Sibawaih. Based on the analysis, it can be found that there are four phonological changes, namely the replacement of consonants with consonants as in the word مِسك which is the result of the arabization of the Persian word مُشك, the replacement of vowels with vowels as in the word سَوسن which is the result of the arabization of the Persian word سُوسن, the addition of letters or the like as in the word جُلَّسان which is the result of the arabization of the Persian word جُلْشن, and the removal of letters as in the word مرزجوش which is the result of the arabization of the Persian word مرزنكوش.Abstrak: Arabisasi lafaz-lafaz Persia banyak ditemukan pada syair Al-A’sya yang berjudul “Alamma Khayalun min Qutaylah”. Hal ini karena Al-A’sya merupakan delegasi yang memilki hubungan kuat dengan raja-raja Persia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan fonologis dalam kasus arabisasi lafaz-lafaz Persia pada syair tersebut. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, adapun sumber datanya adalah kitab Diwan Al-A’sya Al-Kabir dan kamus Arab-Persia sebagai sumber data. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik kajian pustaka. Tinjauan pustaka dilakukan dengan mencari perubahan lafaz-lafaz tersebut dalam beberapa kamus. Dengan pengumpulan data yang demikian, dapat ditemukan lafaz Persia asli sebelum proses arabisasi terjadi. Dalam penelitian ini pendekatan fonologi diterapkan dalam analisis isi dengan mengkategorikan perubahan-perubahan fonologis menjadi beberapa bagian. Analisis perubahan fonologis dilakukan dengan menggunakan mazhab ahli bahasa zaman dulu khususnya mazhab Sibawaih. Berdasarkan analisis tersebut dapat ditemukan bahwa ada empat perubahan fonologis, yaitu penggantian konsonan dengan konsonan seperti pada kata مِسك yang merupakan hasil arabisasi kata Persia مُشك, penggantian vokal dengan vokal seperti pada kata سَوسن yang merupakan hasil arabisasi kata persia سُوسن, penambahan huruf atau sejenisnya seperti pada kata جُلَّسان yang merupakan hasil arabisasi kata Persia جُلْشن, dan penghilangan huruf seperti pada kata مرزجوش yang merupakan hasil arabisasi kata Persia مرزنكوش.
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Kulakov, Vladimir. "Russian-Persian Schools as an Element of Imperial Russia’s Soft Power Policy in Northern Persia: Late Nineteenth – Early Twentieth Centuries." Oriental Studies 17, no. 1 (May 15, 2024): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2024-71-1-8-17.

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Introduction. The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries witnessed an intensified Russia–UK confrontation in Persia, which was paralleled by penetrations of other great powers (France, Germany, USA) into the Near and Middle East. Under those conditions, Russia’s traditional economic methods of influence in Persia became insufficient. Goals. The study seeks to examine the phenomenon of Russian educational institutions in Northern Persia as another way of pursuing own national political goals in the designated country. The work aims at confirming — with evidence from archival documents — the activities of Russian-Persian schools during the specified period were to shape a positive image of Russia in Persian society. Materials and methods. The most important sources characterizing the process of opening Russian-Persian schools in Northern Persia (their goals and objectives, training agenda, certain results) are documents of both central authorities and diplomatic, economic and military institutions of the Russian Empire to Persia discovered at the Russian State Historical Archive. Analytical and generalization methods — with comparative into historiographic and archival materials — have proved most instrumental therein. Results. The article identifies some prerequisites for the emergence of Russian-Persian schools in Northern Persia, determines the validity of their activities in this particular region of the country, clearly outlines the context of Russia’s competition with other governments in this matter to conclude as follows: the Russian government was perfectly aware of the need to open such schools that would disseminate the Russian language and Russia-related ideas among Persia’s population; graduates of those educational institutions would serve an important element in pursuing Russia’s interests both in trade, economy, and politics; despite various difficulties — primarily financial ones — the schools were popular enough among ethnic Persians both in Tehran and in other cities of Northern Persia.
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Kornoukhova, G. G. "Russian Sugar Exports to Persia in 1900–1917." Modern History of Russia 12, no. 3 (2022): 610–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2022.305.

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This article examines problems of selling Russian sugar in Persia towards the end of the Russian Empire’s existence during the first decades of the 20th century. The article clarifies Russian sugar exporters’ achievements and what problems they faced promoting their products on the Persian market. The source base made it possible to establish the dynamics of export indicators, the specifics of the price situation, and consumers’ demands in Persia for this period. The author examines the peculiarities of the sale of Russian sugar in the northern and southern regions of the country and the competitive advantages of the two rival powers, Russia and France. Special attention is paid to the issue of sugar sales in Persia during World War I: problems faced by sugar exporters and the project to introduce a sugar monopoly in Persia. The analysis leads to conclusions about the dynamic development of Russian sugar exports to Persia. Thanks to the simultaneous efforts by the Russian government and Russian business circles, the Russian Empire was able to monopolize the North Persian sugar market and achieve certain gains in the markets of southern Persia. A decisive role in this matter was played by the government’s initiative, thanks to which a regular sea connection with the ports of the Persian Gulf was established, as well as the opportunity to sell Russian sugar at competitive prices. It is also important that government measures were carried out in parallel with the growing activity of Russian entrepreneurs, who were engaged in the production and export of sugar to the large Middle East market.
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Nakhaei, Mohammad. "ON THE QUESTION OF THE RUSSIAN ULTIMATUM OF 1911 AND ITS IMPACT ON THE INTERNAL POLITICAL SITUATION IN PERSIA." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations 4, no. 3 (2023): 407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2023-4-407-422.

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In 1910, the Persian government appointed an American adviser, Morgan Schuster, head of the Treasury to reform the country’s financial system. Schuster’s actions endangered the position of some influential politicians in Persia from the very beginning and also antagonized Russia, which had significant interests in Persia. The contradictions between the American adviser and the Russian government were growing until in 1911 Russia presented an ultimatum to the Persian government, with a demand for the dismissal of Schuster. The Russian ultimatum led to a split among the former pro-constitutional forces and provided an opportunity for Shuster’s opponents to remove him and strengthen their position in the Majlis, which actively supported the American adviser. In the end, under pressure from Russia and with the support of the government and some top Persian politicians, the Persian government accepted the ultimatum, Shuster was forced to end his mission in Persia and the Majlis was dismissed by supporters of the ultimatum
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NAUMOVA, N. A. "PERSIA IN THE LAST THIRD OF THE XIX - BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS WITH NEIGHBORING STATES." JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION 10, no. 3 (2021): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2225-8272-2021-10-3-135-145.

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The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between Persia and neighbouring states in the last third of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Reliable sources such as materials of the journal «Niva» from 1874, Military-statistical collections from 1868-1900, materials of collections of geographical, topographic and statistical materials on Asia from 1895, notes of diplomats, etc. are used. The article investigates the mechanism and nature of these relationships in the context of Afghan-Persian relations, disputes between Persia and Baluchistan, Russian-Persian contradictions. Research methods such as the microhistorical approach and the method of com-parative studies are used. It is stressed that these methods point to the distinctive nuances in historical processes. It should be noted that the formation of the image of Persia in the eyes of Russians takes place in the materials discussed in the paper. The analysis of the Persian policy in regard to the Russian market in the Trans-Caspian region is presented. Much attention is given to the "water problem" in the border areas. In conclusion, the author focuses on the fact that the image of Persia in the eyes of Russians turned out to be objective and with the identification of problems of international cooperation.
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Septianingrum, Anisa. "INVASI YUNANI KE PERSIA SEBAGAI BUKTI KEBANGKITAN KEBUDAYAAN HELLENIS." Diakronika 18, no. 1 (November 21, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/diakronika/vol18-iss1/58.

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Persia and Greece have engaged in a complicated relationship with war in the expansion of the territory. Persia was superior first because it was able to form strong empires and conquer cities around Asia and several cities in Europe. Greece managed to get rid of Persia, but it did not last long. Greece in ancient times consisted of many policies that competed with each other. The most famous policies of that period were Athens and Sparta. Both have advantages compared to other policies scattered in Greece. However, Athens and Sparta are two policies that compete with their respective strengths, causing disputes. Persia at that time had established good relations with Athens and Sparta. Persia found great opportunities to control Greece in the event of a war between Athens and Sparta. Persian interference in Greece was unavoidable which led to the Peloponnesian War which resulted in the conquest of Persia over Greece. Greece's downfall under the conquest of Persia did not last long. A unifying figure emerged in Greece that was able to embrace all policies and become the greatest king in history who had a vast conquest, both in the West and East. Alexander The Great was a king from the Kingdom of Macedonia in Greece who was able to unite all policies. Alexander invaded Persia to spread Hellenic culture.
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Galbraith, John S. "Britain and American Railway Promoters In Late Nineteenth Century Persia." Albion 21, no. 2 (1989): 248–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4049928.

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Within the last generation there has been a vast outpouring of scholarship on the characteristics of British imperial policy in the latter half of the nineteenth century. The older orthodoxy that the mid-Victorian years were dominated by a commitment to laissez faire and free trade has been demolished. In the new era scholars quarrel over how “imperial” was “informal empire.” This article is not intended to add to this controversy, but rather to provide insight into the character of British policy in one area, Persia, during the last quarter of the nineteenth century, with particular emphasis on American efforts to build railways and British responses to this attempted intrusion into an exclusive British-Russian sphere of influence.For both Russia and Britain Persia had great strategic significance. Like Afghanistan, “the walls of the Indian garden,” Persia was important primarily in relation to the defense of the Indian Empire. Russian expansion to the borders of Persia, a weak state, posed the threat that the country would fall under Russian influence and what had been a buffer would become a menace.British interest in Persia thus involved a strong strategic component which affected economic policy. Unlike Afghanistan it was seen as a promising market for British goods, particularly if transportation to the interior of Persia could be opened up on the Karun River and if British capital could be attracted to build a network of railways which could be a further basis for controlling the Persian economy and thus contributing to British influence at the Persian court. At the same time Britain was determined to thwart Russian plans for railways in the north which could be used to transport troops to the borders of Persia and eventually beyond. Each power assumed the malevolent intent of the other and each was determined to frustrate these foul plans.
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Beckman, Daniel. "King Artaxerxes’ Aegean Policy." Journal of Persianate Studies 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18747167-12341304.

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Ernst Badian has argued that it would have been ideologically unacceptable for the great king of Persia to submit to negotiations with Athens and to bind himself by oath to the resulting Peace of Callias. This interpretation, however, is the result of the later Greek conception of the Peace of Callias as an Athenian victory over Persia, and the Peace of Antalcidas as a Persian humiliation of Greece. In this paper, I argue that the Achaemenid kings of Persia inherited notions of kinship, empire, and diplomacy from their Neo-Assyrian predecessors, and therefore saw treaties as an honorable and legitimate tool of empire.
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Ja'far, Ja'far, Dahlia Lubis, and Muhammad Iqbal. "PERSIAN PHILOSOPHY IN THE ARCHIPELAGO: The Transmission of Persian Islamic Intellectual Tradition to Indonesia in the Contemporary Era." Journal of Contemporary Islam and Muslim Societies 7, no. 1 (June 29, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/jcims.v7i1.14241.

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<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The majority of Muslims in Indonesia adhere to the Sunni school, but a small number of Muslims in this country adhere to the Shia Imamiyah school, which has been actively involved in developing the Islamic intellectual tradition of Persia (Iran), currently the center of intellectual and spiritual Shiism in the world. This study examines the transmission of the Persian Islamic intellectual tradition to the archipelago in the contemporary era. The study is a literature review, employing the social history approach. It argues that translation activities carried out by individuals or groups of Shia Muslims in Indonesia, as well as scientific research conducted by some students and lecturers at Islamic universities in Indonesia, has become the most important factors in the process of transmitting philosophy from Persia to Indonesia. This study enriches the understanding of the history of Islamic philosophy in Indonesia. This study argues that Persian philosophy has influenced the development of Islamic philosophy in Indonesia. </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Islamic philosophy, Persian, Archipelago, Islamic intellectual tradition</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak: </strong>Mayoritas Muslim di Indonesia merupakan penganut aliran Sunni, akan tetapi ternyata sebagian kecil Muslim di negeri ini menganut aliran Syiah Imamiyah yang kemudian terbukti secara aktif ikut mengembangkan tradisi intelektual Islam Persia (Iran) yang saat ini menjadi pusat intelektual dan spiritual Syiah di dunia. Studi ini mengkaji transmisi tradisi intelektual Islam Persia ke Nusantara pada era kontemporer. Studi ini merupakan studi kepustakaan. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan sejarah sosial. Studi ini mengajukan argumen bahwa kegiatan penerjemahan yang dilakoni oleh individu atau sekelompok Muslim Syiah di Indonesia, dan juga riset ilmiah yang dilakukan oleh sebagian mahasiswa dan dosen di perguruan tinggi Islam di Indonesia telah menjadi faktor terpenting dalam proses transmisi ilmu filsafat dari Tanah Persia ke Indonesia. Studi ini menambah gugusan referensi tentang sejarah filsafat Islam di Indonesia. Studi ini berargumen bahwa filsafat Persia mempengaruhi studi filsafat Islam di Indonesia. </p><p><strong>Kata Kunci</strong>: filsafat Islam, Persia, Nusantara, tradisi intelektual Islam</p>
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SHIN, GYU SEOB, and JONG OH LEE. "The Archetype of Festival Culture: Symbolism in Nawruz and Korean Festivities." Revista de etnografie și folclor / Journal of Ethnography and Folklore 2024, no. 1-2 (March 25, 2024): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/jef.2024.1-2.01.

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Although Persia played a major role as an archetypal culture, traditional scholarship holds that it degenerated into a “lost civilization,” and only its intermediary role between Eastern and Western civilizations has been recognized. Even so, the customs and ritual ceremonies of Persia, particularly as seen in the festival of Nawruz (the New Year Festival), have the oldest cultural roots in the world, and their influence is still prevalent globally. There is a need to rediscover Persian civilization and culture, which has been pushed to the margins, to reinterpret its symbols, and to restore its position as an archetype. This paper utilizes the festival of Nawruz as a primary example of the lasting influence of Persian culture, as seen in the Iranian Festival of Fire, symbolism in certain numbers and rituals, and the correlation of several ritual images from ancient Persia to their more contemporary counterparts in Korea and other Asian regions. Keywords: Persian culture, Nawruz festival, Korea, East Asian History, Symbolism of the Numbers, Significance of the Two Fishes, Festival of Fire
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Persia"

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Safiri, Floreeda. "South Persia Rifles." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.523628.

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This thesis attempts to demonstrate how the British Government, through the creation of the South Persian Rifles (1916-1921) tried to protect their interests in south Persia, in the special circumstances of the outbreak of World War I, with the official sanction of the Persian Government. The account is given of the origins of the force, of the differences of opinions on its aims and objectives, of its organisation and strategy, its operations and other activities mainly in Fars. The "Sipahdär" agreement of August 1916 is treated in some detail and the relevance of the non-recognition of the force to the subsequent tribal uprisings and disturbances in Fars is examined. Lastly, the significance of the role of the South Persian Rifles is assessed in the light of the 1919 agreement and the aftermath of war, as well as the force's contribution to internal developments. An attempt has been made to discuss these issues as much from the point of view of the different departments of the Imperial and Indian Governments, as from the Persian standpoint. Events in the south have been treated more fully than hitherto from the perspective of internal Persian history
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Mason, Kirsty. "Puppets of the Barbarian : how Persia controlled Greek relations with the Persian Empire." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/56642/.

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The study of Graeco-Persian relations is not new to academia, however, as much of our information is found within Greek literary texts, we are largely at the mercy of Greek bias concerning these relations. This thesis will present a detailed re-examination of the relevant sources to gain further understanding of Graeco-Persian relations, with a view to looking beyond Greek literary bias. This thesis proposes that the influence of the Persian Empire upon the Greeks was greater than is initially implied by our sources and I argue that in the majority of the contacts between Greek and Persian, Persia took control. The notable exception to this is the highly debated Peace of Callias, which forced Persia to offer concessions to the Greeks, but it should be noted that we have no record of possible Greek concessions to Persia, and so we must treat this topic with caution. This thesis expands our knowledge of Graeco-Persian relations by taking a view of the entire period of these relations, from initial contacts until the accession of Alexander the Great, allowing us to view more general trends throughout this period, rather than viewing shorter phases within the whole period.
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Wierzbicki, Andre John. "The Crown Jewel: History, Memory And The 1941 Invasion Of Persia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14200.

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In August 1941, the territory of Persia was jointly invaded by Britain and the Soviet Union, a event now largely forgotten. The invasion took place less than two months after the launch of Operation Barbarossa by Hitler, and at the time there was a widely held view that the Wehrmacht’s successes in the West would be replicated in the East. Historical accounts generally identify three reasons behind the British decision to invade. Those reasons are: (1) the (vague) “German threat” comprising sabotage, insurgency and damage to British interests in the country; (2) the strategic British-controlled oil assets and the refinery at Abadan; and (3) the ability to supply materiel to the Soviet Union via the so-called “Persian Corridor”. What most accounts of the invasion do not refer to is the defence of India as a component in the British decision to invade. I review a number of primary and secondary materials – the history of British Imperial interests in Persia, British archives, Indian military history and mass media accounts – which all clearly show the defence of India as a key factor in the decision to invade. I then consider the reasons why the defence of India has slipped from the historical narrative. My analysis draws on a number of the ideas and concepts from the field of memory studies, including thinking about the function of collective memory. I propose that the rapid and dramatic act of Indian independence in 1947, combined with the change in normative attitudes towards Imperialism and the British Empire postwar, resulted in the narrative of the Second World War being the preferred basis for subsequent and contemporary accounts of the invasion, to the exclusion of Imperial factors.
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Al-Muqadam, Mohammad Saad. "Oman's relations with Persia 1737-1868." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337729.

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Fuentes, Lofat Álvaro. "La importancia del zoroastrismo en el ascenso y reformas de Darío I." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/145261.

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Comfort, Anthony. "Roads on the frontier between Rome and Persia." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/68213.

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This thesis examines the physical evidence for ancient bridges and roads in the three most eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. Its focus is the two and a half centuries before the Arab invasions when population reached a peak. It uses satellite photographs from Google Earth to place the roads in a geographical context and contains many maps. The thesis describes twenty-four stone bridges in the provinces concerned which are thought to date from the Roman period and contains photographs of these where possible. Field research has included a large number of visits to SE Turkey and two visits to Syria. On the basis of the material evidence and the ancient sources, in particular the Peutinger Table (which are discussed in a specific chapter), the thesis examines the course of the roads and their users; it also addresses the reasons for construction of the roads, together with associated issues such as the disappearance of wheeled vehicles. The thesis describes the ancient cities, the settlement pattern and the fortifications of this region, which lay on a much troubled frontier with frequent warfare between Rome and Persia. It discusses how warfare and the construction of fortifications modified the nature of the region in the sixth century AD and then examines issues arising from the existence of the road network such as defence of the frontier, trade and the impact that commercial and social links, as well as the road network itself, had on relations between the two great empires of Late Antiquity. Annexes short reviews of archaeological work in the area and of medieval and modern travellers who have passed through it. A gazetteer of cities and fortresses mentioned in the text is attached at the end.
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Downes, S. E. "The aesthetics of empire in Athens and Persia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1324527/.

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This thesis is a comparative study of Persepolis and the Akropolis as monumental centres of empire. It considers the relationship between style and politics on the two sites, specifically, the extent to which stylistic variations can be explained by their capacity to promote different political effects. Starting from Gell’s proposition that ‘art is a system of action intended to change the world, rather than encode symbolic propositions about it,’ it examines the precise mechanisms, in particular the eliciting of cognitive or behavourial responses, by which the architecture and sculpture of the two sites have social consequences. It seeks to demonstrate a relationship between variations in the material traits of the sites and the political systems of the two states, defined both in terms of the autocratic/democratic distinction, but also the different structures of the two empires. The comparison of the two sites gives greater analytical security to the interpretation: they function as controls for each other. Each of the five chapters considers a different material aspect of the sites. The first chapter considers the spatial layout of the two sites; the second considers the function of the architectural sculpture of the two sites as decorative art; the third examines the sculpture as human images; the fourth considers the relationship between the iconography of the reliefs and the practice on the sites; the fifth looks at the construction of memory and time. In conclusion, common themes running through the chapters, such as control and legibility, are noted, and the extent to which they form a deliberate political programme is discussed.
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Schultz, Frederick A. "The Herodotean "Harem" and statecraft in Achaemenid Persia." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1302889213.

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Karandish, Javad [Verfasser]. "State and tribes in Persia 1919 - 1925 : a case study on political role of the great tribes in Southern Persia / Javad Karandish." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1026173981/34.

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Tabandeh, Reza. "The rise of Ni‘matullāhī Shi‘ite Sufism in early nineteenth-century Qājār Persia : Ḥusayn ‘Alī Shāh, ‎Majdhūb ‘Alī Shāh, Mast ‘Alī Shāh and their battle with Islamic fundamentalism." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14425.

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The fundamental question I have tried to answer in this thesis is how the Ni‘matullāhī ‎masters were successful in reviving Ni‘matullāhī Sufism in Shi‘ite Persia during the ‎early nineteenth century. This study investigates the revival of the Ni‘matullāhī Sufi ‎order in Persia after the death of the last Indian Ni‘matullāhī master, Riḍā ‘Alī Shāh (d. ‎‎1214/1799) in the Deccan. Meticulous attention is given to the role of Ḥusayn ‘Alī ‎Shāh (d. 1234/1818), Majdhūb ‘Alī Shāh (d. 1239/1823) and Mast ‘Alī Shāh (d. ‎‎1253/1837), who were the masters (quṭbs) of the Ni‘matullāhī order after Riḍā ‘Alī ‎Shāh. The Ni‘matullāhī Sufi order flourished as a Persian Sufi order in 8th/14th century. ‎During the Safavid era most of the Sufi orders in Persia became inactive or ‎systematically suppressed. With the advent of the Safavids, the Ni‘matullāhī order ‎moved to Hyderabad in India, and gradually became less important in the mystical ‎milieu of Persia. After the fall of the Safavids, the revival movement of the Ni‘matullāhī ‎order began with the arrival of the enthusiastic Indian Sufi master Ma‘ṣūm ‘Alī Shāh ‎during the last quarter of the eighteenth century. Later Persian masters of the ‎Ni‘matullāhī order in the beginning of the early nineteenth century solidified the ‎order’s place in the mystical and theological milieu of Persia.‎ Ma‘ṣūm ‘Alī Shāh and his disciples soon spread their mystical and ecstatic beliefs all ‎over Persia. They succeeded in converting a large mass of Persians to Sufi teachings ‎despite the opposition and persecution they faced from Shi‘ite clerics, who were ‎politically and socially the most influential class in Persia. The clerics were able to turn ‎the political powers against the Sufis to a certain extent, such that Āqā Muḥammad ‘Alī ‎Bihbihānī, principal champion of this oppression, largely succeeded in his persecution ‎of Ma‘ṣūm ‘Alī Shāh and his disciples. The question of the Ni‘matullāhī Sufis’ survival ‎in Persia after Maṣūm ‘Alī Shāh is evaluated here by using the biographies and ‎writings of later masters and modern scholars. ‎ The conclusion is reached that Ḥusayn ‘Alī Shāh, Majdhūb ‘Alī Shāh and Mast ‘Alī ‎Shāh were able to consolidate the social and theological role of the Ni‘matullāhī order ‎by reinterpreting and articulating classical Sufi teachings in the light of Persian Shi‎‘ite ‎mystical theology.‎
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Books on the topic "Persia"

1

Curtis, John. Ancient Persia. London: British Museums Publications, 1989.

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Curzon, George Nathaniel Curzon. Curzon's Persia. London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1986.

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John, Curtis. Ancient Persia. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1990.

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Nardo, Don. Ancient Persia. San Diego, Calif: Blackbirch Press, 2004.

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Curzon, Curzon George Nathaniel. Curzon's Persia. London: Sidgqick & Jackson, 1986.

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Zendehdel, H. Persia - Older Than History: Persia - Land OF History. WWW.IRANGARDAN.COM: Irangardan, 2008.

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Batmanglij, Najmieh. A taste of Persia: An introduction to Persian cooking. Washington, DC: Mage Publishers, 1999.

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vaticana, Biblioteca apostolica, Archivio vaticano, and Catholic Church. Congregatio de Propaganda Fide. Archivio storico, eds. Persica Vaticana: Roma e Persia tra codici e testi. Città del Vaticano: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 2017.

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Khato, ed. Hope from Persia. Grand Rapids, Mich: Zondervan, 2010.

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Shōkō, Okazaki. Bibliographyon Qajar Persia. Osaka, Japan: Osaka University of Foreign Studies, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Persia"

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Bennett, G. H. "Persia and the Persian Problem." In British Foreign Policy during the Curzon Period, 1919–24, 122–35. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230377356_7.

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Shukurov, Rustam. "Memorising Persia." In Byzantine Ideas of Persia, 650–1461, 77–94. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003205197-5.

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Shukurov, Rustam. "Sacred Persia." In Byzantine Ideas of Persia, 650–1461, 13–41. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003205197-2.

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Olbrycht, Marek Jan. "Macedonia and Persia." In A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, 342–69. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444327519.ch17.

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O’Sullivan, Adrian. "Parachutes over Persia." In Nazi Secret Warfare in Occupied Persia (Iran), 158–66. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137427915_12.

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Morano, Roberta. "Persia and Oman." In Language and Identity in the Arab World, 13–28. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003174981-3.

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Mokhberi, Susan. "Persia." In The Persian Mirror, 26–43. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190884796.003.0003.

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Translations of Persian texts, fairy tales, and paintings reveal how French writers reinvented Persia to suit their own notions. French translations in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were often more like adaptations with many fabricated elements rather than strict translations. Works by André du Ryer and François Pétis de la Croix, for example, could suggest a civil, polite, and courteous yet magical Persia. Charles Le Brun’s painting “The Queens of Persia at the Feet of Alexander” presented Persia as a complement to the ideal princely virtues that Louis XIV wished to project. The painting and tales established Persia as a match for French polite conduct, refinement, and royal behavior.
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Hornblower, Simon. "Persia." In The Cambridge Ancient History, 45–96. Cambridge University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521233484.004.

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Aminrazavi, Mehdi. "Persia." In History of Islamic Philosophy, 1037–50. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003070733-72.

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"Persia." In The Student Bible Atlas, Revised, 17. 1517 Media, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt13wwwgm.17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Persia"

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Tourani, Reza, George Torres, and Satyajayant Misra. "PERSIA." In ICN '20: 7th ACM Conference on Information-Centric Networking. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3405656.3418709.

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Aszmann, Szilvia. "Prince of Persia." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 Computer Animation Fesitval. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1836623.1836682.

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"Identifying and Studying the Role of Women in Ancient Persia." In March 13-15, 2017 Dubai (UAE). HEAIG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/heaig.h0317434.

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Тер-Оганов, Н. "Political Memoirs of I.J. Korostovetz Persian Arabesques on British-Russian Relations and Russia's Policy in Persia in 1913-1929." In CAUCASO-CASPICA. Ереван: Россйиско-Армянский (Славянский) университет, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.48200/9789939672694_91.

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"Mechanical Properties of Adobe Reinforced with Wheat Fibers in Iran (Persia)." In Non-Conventional Materials and Technologies. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781945291838-50.

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Honorio Cárdenas, José, Jacobo Tijerina Aguilera, Gerardo Espinosa Garza, Imelda Loera Hernández, and Natella Antonyan. "PERSIA AMERICANA PROJECT. REFLECTION ON DIDACTIC TECHNIQUES AND USED EVALUATION METHODS." In 11th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2018.2179.

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Bazilenko, I. G. "Embassy of A. P. Volynsky (1689-1740) to Persia (Iran) on the Eve of the Persian Campaign of 1722-1723." In IV Международный научный форум "Наследие". SB RAS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-6049863-7-0-31-44.

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The article studies the mission of 1715-1717 under the leadership of Colonel A. P. Volynsky (1689-1740), which faced a wide range of different tasks – from the collection of strategic information and the conclusion of a 44 trade treatise to the creation of a consular service and a permanent mission of the Russian Orthodox Church in Iran. The author concluded that the decision of the Russian emperor Peter I (1689-1725) to start his famous Persian campaign was primarily influenced by all the information and conclusions that his envoy made during the mission.
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Mona, Afshar. "Linguistic And Cultural Image Of Persia In "Travel Notes" By A.S. Griboedov." In SCTCMG 2019 - Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.12.04.310.

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Ziaie-Rad, S., F. Janabi-Sharifi, M. M. Danesh-Panah, A. Abdollahi, H. Ostadi, and H. Samani. "A practical approach to control and self-localization of Persia omni directional mobile robot." In 2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2005.1545090.

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Lian, Xiangru, Binhang Yuan, Xuefeng Zhu, Yulong Wang, Yongjun He, Honghuan Wu, Lei Sun, et al. "Persia: An Open, Hybrid System Scaling Deep Learning-based Recommenders up to 100 Trillion Parameters." In KDD '22: The 28th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3534678.3539070.

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Reports on the topic "Persia"

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Cabrera Ramos, María Isabel. Maria Paleologina and the Il-Khanate of Persia. A Byzantine Princess in an Empire between Islam and Christendom. Edicions de la Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21001/itma.2017.11.08.

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Miksic, John N., and Geok Yian Goh. The Empress Place (EMP) Site: A Preliminary Report. NUS Press, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56159/sitereport11.

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An archaeological site report of an excavation of the Empress Place site in Singapore. Empress Place was the fourth site excavated in Singapore, and the first and so far the only ancient site located directly on the Singapore River’s bank. The opportunity to investigate this site arose when it was decided to convert the Empress Place Building into a permanent Asian Civilisations Museum under the National Heritage Board. The project began in January 1998, during the rainy season and the excavation was completed in May the same year. Empress Place was occupied during the 14th through 16th centuries CE. A wide variety of Chinese porcelain from the Ming Dynasty is quite plentiful at Empress Place. This is significant in view of the rarity of Chinese porcelain from the 15th century CE outside of China. Artifacts from Vietnam, Thailand, Java, Borneo, the Philippines, China, and Persia are consistent with the description of EMP as a site where goods from much of maritime Asia were loaded, unloaded, and transhipped.
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Barnes, Bob. Clausewitz and the Persian Gulf War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada440727.

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Snyder, Thomas J., and Stella T. Smith. The War in the Persian Gulf. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada369719.

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Nicula, Gail, Areena Lowe, Carolyn Orr, and Eileen Trueblood. Persian Gulf War Chronology and Index. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada245916.

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Castillo Galindo, Nicolle Tatiana, and Sandra Paola González Cerón. Contexto de cadena aguacate (Persea americana). Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.fichascontexto.2020.16.

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En esta ficha de contexto se mencionan los aspectos importantes de la cadena de aguacate enfocados a su marco productivo, regional, económico, comercio internacional, así como sus perspectivas y tendencias frente al mercado, dando a conocer su entorno de Ciencia y Tecnología e Innovación.
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Lynch, William B. A Military Strategy for the Persian Gulf. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada437004.

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Domoto, Paul A. Stark Northern Prize—A Hardy Persian Walnut. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1306.

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Domoto, Paul A. Stark Northern Prize—A Hardy Persian Walnut. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-166.

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Domoto, Paul A. Stark Northern Prize—A Hardy Persian Walnut. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1822.

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