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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Persia'
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1
Safiri, Floreeda. "South Persia Rifles." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.523628.
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This thesis attempts to demonstrate how the British Government, through the creation of the South Persian Rifles (1916-1921) tried to protect their interests in south Persia, in the special circumstances of the outbreak of World War I, with the official sanction of the Persian Government. The account is given of the origins of the force, of the differences of opinions on its aims and objectives, of its organisation and strategy, its operations and other activities mainly in Fars. The "Sipahdär" agreement of August 1916 is treated in some detail and the relevance of the non-recognition of the force to the subsequent tribal uprisings and disturbances in Fars is examined. Lastly, the significance of the role of the South Persian Rifles is assessed in the light of the 1919 agreement and the aftermath of war, as well as the force's contribution to internal developments. An attempt has been made to discuss these issues as much from the point of view of the different departments of the Imperial and Indian Governments, as from the Persian standpoint. Events in the south have been treated more fully than hitherto from the perspective of internal Persian history
2
Mason, Kirsty. "Puppets of the Barbarian : how Persia controlled Greek relations with the Persian Empire." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/56642/.
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The study of Graeco-Persian relations is not new to academia, however, as much of our information is found within Greek literary texts, we are largely at the mercy of Greek bias concerning these relations. This thesis will present a detailed re-examination of the relevant sources to gain further understanding of Graeco-Persian relations, with a view to looking beyond Greek literary bias. This thesis proposes that the influence of the Persian Empire upon the Greeks was greater than is initially implied by our sources and I argue that in the majority of the contacts between Greek and Persian, Persia took control. The notable exception to this is the highly debated Peace of Callias, which forced Persia to offer concessions to the Greeks, but it should be noted that we have no record of possible Greek concessions to Persia, and so we must treat this topic with caution. This thesis expands our knowledge of Graeco-Persian relations by taking a view of the entire period of these relations, from initial contacts until the accession of Alexander the Great, allowing us to view more general trends throughout this period, rather than viewing shorter phases within the whole period.
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Wierzbicki, Andre John. "The Crown Jewel: History, Memory And The 1941 Invasion Of Persia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14200.
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In August 1941, the territory of Persia was jointly invaded by Britain and the Soviet Union, a event now largely forgotten. The invasion took place less than two months after the launch of Operation Barbarossa by Hitler, and at the time there was a widely held view that the Wehrmacht’s successes in the West would be replicated in the East. Historical accounts generally identify three reasons behind the British decision to invade. Those reasons are: (1) the (vague) “German threat” comprising sabotage, insurgency and damage to British interests in the country; (2) the strategic British-controlled oil assets and the refinery at Abadan; and (3) the ability to supply materiel to the Soviet Union via the so-called “Persian Corridor”. What most accounts of the invasion do not refer to is the defence of India as a component in the British decision to invade. I review a number of primary and secondary materials – the history of British Imperial interests in Persia, British archives, Indian military history and mass media accounts – which all clearly show the defence of India as a key factor in the decision to invade. I then consider the reasons why the defence of India has slipped from the historical narrative. My analysis draws on a number of the ideas and concepts from the field of memory studies, including thinking about the function of collective memory. I propose that the rapid and dramatic act of Indian independence in 1947, combined with the change in normative attitudes towards Imperialism and the British Empire postwar, resulted in the narrative of the Second World War being the preferred basis for subsequent and contemporary accounts of the invasion, to the exclusion of Imperial factors.
4
Al-Muqadam, Mohammad Saad. "Oman's relations with Persia 1737-1868." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337729.
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Fuentes, Lofat Álvaro. "La importancia del zoroastrismo en el ascenso y reformas de Darío I." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/145261.
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Comfort, Anthony. "Roads on the frontier between Rome and Persia." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/68213.
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This thesis examines the physical evidence for ancient bridges and roads in the three most eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. Its focus is the two and a half centuries before the Arab invasions when population reached a peak. It uses satellite photographs from Google Earth to place the roads in a geographical context and contains many maps. The thesis describes twenty-four stone bridges in the provinces concerned which are thought to date from the Roman period and contains photographs of these where possible. Field research has included a large number of visits to SE Turkey and two visits to Syria. On the basis of the material evidence and the ancient sources, in particular the Peutinger Table (which are discussed in a specific chapter), the thesis examines the course of the roads and their users; it also addresses the reasons for construction of the roads, together with associated issues such as the disappearance of wheeled vehicles. The thesis describes the ancient cities, the settlement pattern and the fortifications of this region, which lay on a much troubled frontier with frequent warfare between Rome and Persia. It discusses how warfare and the construction of fortifications modified the nature of the region in the sixth century AD and then examines issues arising from the existence of the road network such as defence of the frontier, trade and the impact that commercial and social links, as well as the road network itself, had on relations between the two great empires of Late Antiquity. Annexes short reviews of archaeological work in the area and of medieval and modern travellers who have passed through it. A gazetteer of cities and fortresses mentioned in the text is attached at the end.
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Downes, S. E. "The aesthetics of empire in Athens and Persia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1324527/.
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This thesis is a comparative study of Persepolis and the Akropolis as monumental centres of empire. It considers the relationship between style and politics on the two sites, specifically, the extent to which stylistic variations can be explained by their capacity to promote different political effects. Starting from Gell’s proposition that ‘art is a system of action intended to change the world, rather than encode symbolic propositions about it,’ it examines the precise mechanisms, in particular the eliciting of cognitive or behavourial responses, by which the architecture and sculpture of the two sites have social consequences. It seeks to demonstrate a relationship between variations in the material traits of the sites and the political systems of the two states, defined both in terms of the autocratic/democratic distinction, but also the different structures of the two empires. The comparison of the two sites gives greater analytical security to the interpretation: they function as controls for each other. Each of the five chapters considers a different material aspect of the sites. The first chapter considers the spatial layout of the two sites; the second considers the function of the architectural sculpture of the two sites as decorative art; the third examines the sculpture as human images; the fourth considers the relationship between the iconography of the reliefs and the practice on the sites; the fifth looks at the construction of memory and time. In conclusion, common themes running through the chapters, such as control and legibility, are noted, and the extent to which they form a deliberate political programme is discussed.
8
Schultz, Frederick A. "The Herodotean "Harem" and statecraft in Achaemenid Persia." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1302889213.
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Karandish, Javad [Verfasser]. "State and tribes in Persia 1919 - 1925 : a case study on political role of the great tribes in Southern Persia / Javad Karandish." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1026173981/34.
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Tabandeh, Reza. "The rise of Ni‘matullāhī Shi‘ite Sufism in early nineteenth-century Qājār Persia : Ḥusayn ‘Alī Shāh, Majdhūb ‘Alī Shāh, Mast ‘Alī Shāh and their battle with Islamic fundamentalism". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14425.
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The fundamental question I have tried to answer in this thesis is how the Ni‘matullāhī masters were successful in reviving Ni‘matullāhī Sufism in Shi‘ite Persia during the early nineteenth century. This study investigates the revival of the Ni‘matullāhī Sufi order in Persia after the death of the last Indian Ni‘matullāhī master, Riḍā ‘Alī Shāh (d. 1214/1799) in the Deccan. Meticulous attention is given to the role of Ḥusayn ‘Alī Shāh (d. 1234/1818), Majdhūb ‘Alī Shāh (d. 1239/1823) and Mast ‘Alī Shāh (d. 1253/1837), who were the masters (quṭbs) of the Ni‘matullāhī order after Riḍā ‘Alī Shāh. The Ni‘matullāhī Sufi order flourished as a Persian Sufi order in 8th/14th century. During the Safavid era most of the Sufi orders in Persia became inactive or systematically suppressed. With the advent of the Safavids, the Ni‘matullāhī order moved to Hyderabad in India, and gradually became less important in the mystical milieu of Persia. After the fall of the Safavids, the revival movement of the Ni‘matullāhī order began with the arrival of the enthusiastic Indian Sufi master Ma‘ṣūm ‘Alī Shāh during the last quarter of the eighteenth century. Later Persian masters of the Ni‘matullāhī order in the beginning of the early nineteenth century solidified the order’s place in the mystical and theological milieu of Persia. Ma‘ṣūm ‘Alī Shāh and his disciples soon spread their mystical and ecstatic beliefs all over Persia. They succeeded in converting a large mass of Persians to Sufi teachings despite the opposition and persecution they faced from Shi‘ite clerics, who were politically and socially the most influential class in Persia. The clerics were able to turn the political powers against the Sufis to a certain extent, such that Āqā Muḥammad ‘Alī Bihbihānī, principal champion of this oppression, largely succeeded in his persecution of Ma‘ṣūm ‘Alī Shāh and his disciples. The question of the Ni‘matullāhī Sufis’ survival in Persia after Maṣūm ‘Alī Shāh is evaluated here by using the biographies and writings of later masters and modern scholars. The conclusion is reached that Ḥusayn ‘Alī Shāh, Majdhūb ‘Alī Shāh and Mast ‘Alī Shāh were able to consolidate the social and theological role of the Ni‘matullāhī order by reinterpreting and articulating classical Sufi teachings in the light of Persian Shi‘ite mystical theology.
11
Kazembeyki, Mohammed Ali. "Society, politics and economics in Mazandaran, Persia, 1848-1914." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267293.
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Carey, James Robert Daniel. "Relations between the kings and nobility of Sassanid Persia." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/842/.
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The following thesis is an investigation into the nature of the relationship between the Shahanshahs (‘King of Kings’) of Sassanid Persia and their chief subjects, with particular focus on the period from the end of the fifth century until the middle of the seventh. The intent is to contribute an understanding of the manner in which this relationship did or did not change during the period in question. The primary materials used have been the literary sources that remain extant, particularly the work of al-Tabari, but also those of the various Roman and Byzantine writers where appropriate. Although it would have been possible to treat the subject in a thematic manner, it was simpler to lay it out in a chronological fashion. In accordance with this, each of the three chapters corresponds with a period of Sassanid history. The introduction is concerned with the source material and its relevance to the question at hand. The first chapter investigates the years from the accession of Ardashir I to the death of Kavad. The second focuses on the reforms of Khusrau I and their relevance to the relationship while the final chapter continues until the fall of the Empire to the Muslim invaders. The conclusion then ties all of the previous chapters together and concludes the argument. The principal contention, as set out in the second and third chapters in addition to the conclusion, is that there was no measurable alteration to the relationship between the Shahanshahs and their nobles caused by the reforms of Khusrau I, nor did it appear to alter substantially during the entirety of the Empire. The evidence bears this out, both that of the Arabic sources and the Byzantine writers.
13
L'Estrange-Fawcett, L. "The struggle for Persia : The Azerbaijan Crisis of 1946." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234297.
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Puschnigg, Gabriele. "A diachronic and stylistic assessment of the ceramic evidence from Sasanian Merv." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343958.
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Masood, Hafiz Abid. "From Cyrus to Abbas : staging Persia in Early Modern England." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/39657/.
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This thesis considers the different ways Persia was perceived in early modern England. Persia, understudied in recent scholarship, played an important role in the early modern English imagination, both as a classical civilization and as a counterweight to the Ottoman threat to Christendom. This classical heritage and anti-Ottomanism, when intersected with a Persian Muslim identity, resulted in a complex phenomenon. This thesis is an attempt to understand the various cross currents that constructed this complex image. Chapter One discusses English interest in classical Persian themes in the wake of Renaissance humanism. It focuses on three classical ‘Persian' plays featuring Achaemenid Kings; Cambyses, Darius and Cyrus, and investigates how classical Persia became a focus of interest for Elizabethan playwrights. Chapter Two moves to the wars between the Ottomans and Safavids and how they fascinated many English writers of the time. Paying specific attention to Usumcasane in Marlowe's Tambulaine plays, the chapter suggests the significance of Persian references in the play and offers a new interpretation of the notorious Qur'an burning scene. Chapter Three analyses John Thomas Minadoi's Historie of Warres betweene the Turkes and the Persians and shows the significance of Christian knowledge of schism in Islam for Catholic-Protestant debates. Chapter Four concentrates on the representation of Persia in Romance texts from late Elizabethan England and shows that despite being hailed as an anti-Ottoman power, Persia's anti-Christian Islamic identity, which was also suggested by Minadoi, becomes manifest in the alliance of ‘Sultan' and ‘Sophy' against the Crusaders. Chapter Five combines two crucial moments in Anglo-Persian encounters: Jenkinson's trading mission and the ‘travailes” of the Sherley brothers. Through an analysis of the play The Travailes of the Three English Brothers, the argument of the chapter is that it represents the cumulative experience of Englishmen in Persia in the early modern period.
16
Solati, Bahman. "The reception of Ḥāfiẓ in nineteenth and twentieth-century Persia". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3732.
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The main subject of this study is the analysis of the effect of Ḥāfiẓ’s poetic language, thought, philosophy and teachings on nineteenth and twentieth-century Persian poets and writers. By placing Ḥāfiẓ in economic and sociopolitical context, the research examines and compares the work of contemporaries with that of Ḥāfiẓ. This study juxtaposes verses of selected poets of Qājār and Pahlavi Persia, and expands the examination as far back as the fourteenth century. It offers insight into the sociopolitical milieu of the home city (Shīrāz) of the poet and examines his relation with the court, kings and rulers of his time and the influence he had on them, as well as on the poets and the scholars who were contemporary to him. This research reveals many unanswered questions and examines information that has not been discussed before, such as Ḥāfiẓ’s influence on certain poets and scholars who openly denied this fact. I have made a case that Ḥāfiẓ’s poetic language is such a deep and integral part of Persian, the national language of Iran that it would be an impossible task to separate the two. The influence of Ḥāfiẓ on Persian political and cultural writings during the nineteenth and twentieth century is also discussed, taking into account the critical views of contemporary Iranian scholars such as ʿAlī Dashtī, ʿAbdul Ḥusayn Zarrinkūb, Bahāʾ al-Dīn Khurramshāhī, Muḥammad Istiʿlāmī, Manūchihr Murtaḍavī and Muḥammad Riḍā Shafīʿī-Kadkanī. The research demonstrates the reasons this fourteenth-century classical Persian poet had such a profound influence on contemporary Iranian culture and society. By providing ample comparative statements, the thesis concludes that most poets of nineteenth and twentieth-century Iran have, in one way or another, been influenced or inspired by Ḥāfiẓ.
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KALHOR, MOJTABA. "Charbagh city : il progetto della città ideale nella Persia safavide." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/278666.
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Baghai, Gerannaz. "National system of innovation in biotechnology in a developing country : a Gerschenkronian approach to biopharmaceuticals and bioagriculture in Iran." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6965/.
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Lee, A. D. "Information, frontiers and barbarians : the role of strategic intelligence in the relations of the late Roman Empire with Persia and northern peoples." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272011.
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Strategic intelligence - that is, information about the activities and affairs of potential enemies relevant to a state's strategic concerns - is an important factor in the foreign relations of any state. This thesis investigates the role of strategic intelligence throughout Roman relations with Sasanian Persia (early 3rd to early 7th century A.D.) and in the empire's relations with northern peoples beyond the Danube, Rhine, and Hadrian's Wall while these remained imperial frontiers during the same period. Two broad questions are addressed. The first concerns the extent to which strategic intelligence moved between the empire and these neighbouring peoples, and its consequent role in their relations. The second concerns the means by which this information moved. Chapters 1 and 4 consider the first question for relations with Persia and with northern peoples respectively. The first chapter argues that strategic intelligence moved between the Roman and Persian empires with a high degree of regularity: neither could mount a major invasion without the other having some foreknowledge, and both frequently undertook aggressive action so as to exploit knowledge of the other's disadvantages. It is therefore argued that strategic intelligence had an important role in determining the pattern of aggression in Roman-Persian relations, but also in limiting the overall level of warfare between them across four centuries. Chapter 4 concludes that while strategic intelligence also traversed the northern frontier, it did so with less regularity than in the east, with the result that relations in the north were less stable. Chapters 2 and 3 consider how strategic intelligence moved between the Roman and Persian empires. Attention is given to the use of embassies and spies in the gathering of intelligence about military preparations and other indicators, but it is argued that such information also made its way informally between the empires as part of the intensive cross-frontier interchange which characterised northern Mesopotamia. Chapter 5 argues that such interchange was less frequent across the northern frontier, and that the more limited degree of state formation among northern peoples (compared with Persia) meant that information gathering through spies and embassies was also less effective. The Conclusion draws together the results of this comparison of east and north, and reflects on the implications of the argument for the debate about continuity of the empire in the east and its demise in the west.
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Guntrip, Elizabeth Denham, and res cand@acu edu au. "A Pentecostal Study of Daniel’s Prince of Persia (Daniel 10:13)." Australian Catholic University. School of Theology, 2006. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp139.17052007.
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Aim.C. Peter Wagner is a well-known missiologist. In the late twentieth century Wagner became interested in the means by which the devil, as the enemy of God, obstructs the spread of the Gospel. Based on his reading of Daniel 10:13 [20-21], a passage referring to the prince of Persia, he concluded that the earth is ruled by Satan’s angels, whom he terms “territorial spirits.” The same chapter mentions other supernatural beings, Michael, one of the chief princes and the prince of Greece. In Wagner’s understanding Scripture reveals the existence of good and evil spirits having authority or control over specific geographical regions. Further, Wagner believed he had discovered why evangelism is ineffective in some locations - territorial spirits blind the minds of the populace and need to be bound spiritually to remove hindrances to the gospel’s reception. Wagner devised a prayer methodology called Strategic Level Spiritual Warfare (SLSW), to accelerate world evangelisation by strategically targeting designated cities or locations with aggressive prayer to disarm the spiritual powers of wickedness. SLSW depends for effectiveness on the associated practice of spiritual mapping,” entailing foundational research into an area’s historical and spiritual background preceding the prayer programme. Wagner believes SLSW to be both divinely revealed and empirically verifiable. The SLSW methodology spread with startling rapidity to many sectors of Christianity. SLSW became associated with Pentecostalism, and is now mistakenly assumed to be a Pentecostal teaching. This thesis aims to show this is inaccurate. Scope. C. Peter Wagner, an Evangelical, is associated with Third Wave groups who deliberately distance themselves from the Pentecostal label. Classical Pentecostalism is differentiated historically from the later Charismatic Renewal Movement. Third Wave groups are a separate more recent spiritual movement, sometimes known as neo-charismatics. Neither Wagner’s theological nor ecclesial location is Pentecostal, but this fact has not helped negate the mistaken assumption that his teaching originated within Pentecostalism. In order to demonstrate the difference between Wagner’s demonology and that of Pentecostalism, their respective interpretive methods need to be compared. This task was approached firstly by showing what comprises a Classical Pentecostal hermeneutic. Three distinctive principles were identified for a conventional Pentecostal reading of Scripture, namely: (1) the Protestant Reformation principle of Sola Scriptura, (2) a pneumatic approach to interpreting Scripture and (3) biblical revelation, not self-revelation, in the community of faith. In the past, Pentecostals depended on academic writings stemming from within Evangelicalism. This was a dependence of convenience, since historically Pentecostalism had no systematic theology, nor until comparatively recently a critically active academia. The disadvantage of this borrowing has been that Pentecostals have been obliged to filter out anti-Pentecostal bias evident in much Evangelical literature. The text Daniel 10:13 was then exegeted using these principles. This narrow focus is based on Wagner’s use of this text as the foundation of his demonology. Using a combined theological and literary approach, stances on reading the book of Daniel in general and Daniel 10:13 in particular were discussed. The relaxation of tensions between the factions which divided biblical scholarship for much of the twentieth century has allowed some cross-fertilization of ideas and methods, without reducing the ideological chasm separating the camps. The history of the text was recognised but meaning was sought more particularly from the form of the extant text. The results were tested against the principles of Pentecostal hermeneutics. Finally, Wagner’s writings on SLSW were appraised. His hermeneutical method was compared with the Pentecostal hermeneutical principles, the Pentecostal reading prepared from the exegesis, and the demonology of two Classical Pentecostal writers. Discussion of SLSW was confined to Wagner as the initiator of the concept. Wagner’s specific contribution has been in relating a hypothetical demonic hierarchy according to their perceived function (not simply the degree of power they may possess). He is well aware that his theory stands or falls on the issue of whether demonic spirits can legitimately be seen as occupying territories. Conclusions. Whilst some aspects of Wagner’s demonology and hermeneutic are held in common with that of Pentecostalism, the mistaken identification of SLSW as Pentecostal has led to confusion. Notwithstanding Wagner’s high view of Scripture and enthusiasm for evangelism, the hermeneutic employed in his interpretation of Dan 10:13 is not consistent with that of Classical Pentecostalism. The conclusion reached was that C. Peter Wagner’s teaching on SLSW should not be labelled Pentecostal.
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Brosius, Maria. "Royal and non-royal women in Achaemenid Persia (559 - 331 B.C.)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316814.
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Guntrip, Elizabeth Denham. "A Pentecostal study of Daniel's Prince of Persia (Daniel 10:13)." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2006. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/f8c59aec1f6ca17a1078a9e46b9b9166aee600ef45d92191331404e9d1111738/1310702/64895_downloaded_stream_120.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Aim.C. Peter Wagner is a well-known missiologist. In the late twentieth century Wagner became interested in the means by which the devil, as the enemy of God, obstructs the spread of the Gospel. Based on his reading of Daniel 10:13 [20-21], a passage referring to the prince of Persia, he concluded that the earth is ruled by Satan's angels, whom he terms 'territorial spirits.' The same chapter mentions other supernatural beings, Michael, one of the chief princes and the prince of Greece. In Wagner's understanding Scripture reveals the existence of good and evil spirits having authority or control over specific geographical regions. Further, Wagner believed he had discovered why evangelism is ineffective in some locations - territorial spirits blind the minds of the populace and need to be bound spiritually to remove hindrances to the gospel's reception. Wagner devised a prayer methodology called Strategic Level Spiritual Warfare (SLSW), to accelerate world evangelisation by strategically targeting designated cities or locations with aggressive prayer to disarm the spiritual powers of wickedness. SLSW depends for effectiveness on the associated practice of spiritual mapping,' entailing foundational research into an area's historical and spiritual background preceding the prayer programme. Wagner believes SLSW to be both divinely revealed and empirically verifiable. The SLSW methodology spread with startling rapidity to many sectors of Christianity. SLSW became associated with Pentecostalism, and is now mistakenly assumed to be a Pentecostal teaching. This thesis aims to show this is inaccurate. Scope. C. Peter Wagner, an Evangelical, is associated with Third Wave groups who deliberately distance themselves from the Pentecostal label. Classical Pentecostalism is differentiated historically from the later Charismatic Renewal Movement. Third Wave groups are a separate more recent spiritual movement, sometimes known as neo-charismatics.;Neither Wagner's theological nor ecclesial location is Pentecostal, but this fact has not helped negate the mistaken assumption that his teaching originated within Pentecostalism. In order to demonstrate the difference between Wagner's demonology and that of Pentecostalism, their respective interpretive methods need to be compared. This task was approached firstly by showing what comprises a Classical Pentecostal hermeneutic. Three distinctive principles were identified for a conventional Pentecostal reading of Scripture, namely: (1) the Protestant Reformation principle of Sola Scriptura, (2) a pneumatic approach to interpreting Scripture and (3) biblical revelation, not self-revelation, in the community of faith. In the past, Pentecostals depended on academic writings stemming from within Evangelicalism. This was a dependence of convenience, since historically Pentecostalism had no systematic theology, nor until comparatively recently a critically active academia. The disadvantage of this borrowing has been that Pentecostals have been obliged to filter out anti-Pentecostal bias evident in much Evangelical literature. The text Daniel 10:13 was then exegeted using these principles. This narrow focus is based on Wagner's use of this text as the foundation of his demonology. Using a combined theological and literary approach, stances on reading the book of Daniel in general and Daniel 10:13 in particular were discussed. The relaxation of tensions between the factions which divided biblical scholarship for much of the twentieth century has allowed some cross-fertilization of ideas and methods, without reducing the ideological chasm separating the camps. The history of the text was recognised but meaning was sought more particularly from the form of the extant text. The results were tested against the principles of Pentecostal hermeneutics. Finally, Wagner's writings on SLSW were appraised.;His hermeneutical method was compared with the Pentecostal hermeneutical principles, the Pentecostal reading prepared from the exegesis, and the demonology of two Classical Pentecostal writers. Discussion of SLSW was confined to Wagner as the initiator of the concept. Wagner's specific contribution has been in relating a hypothetical demonic hierarchy according to their perceived function (not simply the degree of power they may possess). He is well aware that his theory stands or falls on the issue of whether demonic spirits can legitimately be seen as occupying territories. Conclusions. Whilst some aspects of Wagner's demonology and hermeneutic are held in common with that of Pentecostalism, the mistaken identification of SLSW as Pentecostal has led to confusion. Notwithstanding Wagner's high view of Scripture and enthusiasm for evangelism, the hermeneutic employed in his interpretation of Dan 10:13 is not consistent with that of Classical Pentecostalism. The conclusion reached was that C. Peter Wagner's teaching on SLSW should not be labelled Pentecostal.
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Van, Ruymbeke Christine. "Science and poetry in medieval Persia : the botany of Nizami's Khamsa /." Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41209098p.
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Higginson, T. "Greek attitudes to Persian kingship down to the time of Xenophon." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384799.
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Souzanchi, Kashani Ebrahim. "Contested framings and policy evolution : evolution of the GM biosafety policy-making process in Iran, 2006-2009." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7076/.
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Vigorous debates have taken place in many European countries, and between the EU and the USA, about regulatory policy regimes covering the assessment and approval of GM crops. In such countries the debates have, to a large extent, taken place in public arenas and with the active participation of broadcast and print media. In Iran, a very vigorous and hotly-contested policy debate concerning legislation covering GM crops took place between 2004 and 2009, but it was almost entirely confined within the Government with no public debate and minimal media coverage. From early 2006 to late 2008 a protracted dispute occurred between different parts of the Iranian regime, which was characterised by an apparent stalemate. In 2008-2009, conspicuous policy shifts occurred, which culminated in the passage of a Biosafety Law by the Iranian Parliament (or Majlis). This thesis describes, analyses and explains the policy-making process from 2006 to 2009. It explains firstly how and why a stalemate arose in the disputes between ministries and departments. It then explains how that impasse was overcome, and how a particular policy regime came to be adopted. The chosen analytical framework draws mainly on two bodies of literature, namely the regulation of technological risk, and the analysis of public policymaking. A task-specific analytical framework is developed which uses the concept of the ‘framing assumptions', which underpin the particular positions taken by the diverse protagonists in the debate, to analyse the characteristics of the seemingly irresolvable dispute. The differences between those framing assumptions are used to provide an explanation of why the stalemate arose and remained unresolved for several years. The explanation of the eventual policy outcome takes account of those framing assumptions, but on their own they are not sufficient to explain the eventual policy decisions. To provide that explanation, considerations of the unequal division of political power between parts of the Iranian regime are required. The Iranian case study, despite some of its unique characteristics, can support several general conclusions about the dynamics of risk policy making, the conditions under which disputes can arise and those under which they may be resolved.
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Lane, George Edmund. "The early Il-Khanate 1258-1282 : a re-appraisal." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369234.
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The advent of the hordes of HUlegU Khan into Persia in the mid thirteenth century marked not only a new era for the peoples of the Iranian plateau and the surrounding lands but for the invaders and settlers themselves, The coming of HUlegU Khan was in sharp contrast to the visitations of his father, Tolui Khan, and grandfather, Chinggis Khan, and the two generals, lebei and SUbodei, some three decades earlier This dissertation explores the establishment and development of the early ll-Khanate concentrating on the period of HUlegU and his son Abaqa's reign from 1256 until 1282, roughly covering the period of the luwaynis' ascendancy After a survey and review of the primary sources used in researching this dissertation, chapters two three and four look at the main events of the first two ll-Khans' reigns and the problems they faced as their armies moved west Chapters five and six deal with the threats that the emerging kingdom suffered from fellow Mongols in the north and in the east, and how these tensions and conflicts were indicative of events and developments elsewhere in the Mongol Empire, Chapters seven, eight and nine deal respectively with the semi-autonomous provinces of Kirman, Shiraz, and Herat Each of these provinces dealt with the central Mongol power in a different way and these contrasting relationships is examined. Chapter ten is concerned with a phenomenon often associated with the later thirteenth century, namely the growth in the incidence of Sufis, Qalandars, and poets, all of whom flourished under the II-Khans This chapter creates a picture of a world not always associated with Mongol Iran. The final chapter summarises the conclusions drawn from the preceding chapters and attempts to portray a fresh, more positive image of these early II-Khanid rulers and paint a more balanced and less cynical picture of conditions under HUlegU and his son Abaqa. The illustrations are intended more for their aesthetic appeal than their historical revelations.
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Yamamoto, Kumiko. "From storytelling to poetry : the oral background of the Persian epics." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2000. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29473/.
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The present work examines the role played by oral tradition in the evolution of the Persian (written) epic tradition, which virtually began with the Shadhname of Ferdowsi (ShNF). The text is also the culmination of a long development that stretches back into ancient times. In the process of transmission of narratives, both writing and oral tradition are assumed to have played a role. While Ferdowsi's written sources have been studied, the influence of oral tradition on his work remains largely unexplored. In order to explore oral influence on the ShNF, the thesis suggests a new approach. Based on formal characteristics of naqqali (the Persian storytelling tradition as it is known from later times), a set of criteria is proposed to demonstrate the extent to which a written text shows structures which could be explained as deriving from oral composition, here called "Oral Performance Model" (OPM). The OPM consists of formal and thematic criteria. The former consider whether a text can be divided into a sequence of instalments, and the latter examine how instalment divisions affect the thematic organisation of the story. By applying the OPM to the ShNF, it becomes clear that Ferdowsi used techniques associated with oral storytelling. Such findings on the ShNF throw new light on the later epics, which are not only influenced by the ShNF as a model but are also influenced by oral performance. To demonstrate this, the OPM is applied to the Garshaspname of Asadi (GN). While oral performance continues to influence the structure of the text, it is also clear that literary elements play a greater role in the GN than in the ShNF. Despite his literary ambitions, Asadi displays his implicit dependence on oral performance, which seems to have fundamentally shaped his perception and appreciabon of heroic stories.
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Khatib-Shahidi, Rashid Armin. "German foreign policy towards Iran : the case of the National Bank of Persia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:55dd46e5-2eef-46f6-be8b-ca7bb177a518.
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The objective of this thesis is to show that after World War I, the National Bank of Persia emerged as an ideal accessory to Germany's desire to establish a foothold in Iran. It argues that the main motive behind Germany's involvement in the National Bank was to utilise the bank as a vehicle for extending German national interest into Iran. However, although Germany's main interest was to thereby gain economic influence in Iran, the National Bank provided Germany with a tool that furthered its desire for political participation and the establishing of authority within the spheres of interest of Britain and Russia. The objective of this thesis is not to establish a comprehensive and complete overview of German foreign policy toward Iran and its interactions with the National Bank of Persia. It aims rather at highlighting a number of events that are significant for an examination of Germany's policy toward Iran and its evolution up until the outset of World War II. In pursuit of this task, emphasis is given to the opinion expressed at the time, as reflected in German sources, rather than the historical reality behind those sources. German foreign policy towards Iran in the first half of the twentieth century can be divided into three distinct phases. The first phase, which was initiated before Word War I, collapsed as a consequence of the war and the Versailles Treaty, achieving little success. The second, more significant, phase began around 1924, and was marked by the creation of the National Bank of Persia in 1927, the appointment of the German national Lindenblatt as its director, the appointment of his compatriot Schniewind as financial advisor to the Persian government, the contracts granted to German companies and consortiums for the construction of the Trans Iranian Railway, the reestablishment of trade relations between Germany and Iran, and the wide-ranging flight concessions granted by the Iranian government to the German company Junkers. The third phase of Germany's involvement with Iran came about with the achievements that resulted from the trade agreements of 1935. From a German perspective after 1933 diplomacy started to replace the role of the National Bank, as the prime agent of Germany's relations with Iran. This phase lasted until the British-Russian invasion of Iran in 1941, and saw Germany lose almost its entire influence over the National Bank, while its influence over trade with Iran had progressively increased. Germany's foreign political success during the inter-war period resulted in an expansion of its commercial relations, which elevated Germany from a country with almost no trade relations with Iran to its largest trading partner.
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Lester-Pearson, Miles. "The influence of Achaemenid Persia on fourth-century and early Hellenistic Greek tyranny." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11826.
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This thesis is an examination of how Greek tyranny in the fourth century and the early Hellenistic age was influenced by Achaemenid Persia and the Ancient Near East. The introduction lays out the problems of interpreting the Ancient Near East through Greco-Roman sources, via Ephippus' description of Alexander the Great, as well as discussing two important examples of Persianisation that have been examined in detail in the past: Pausanias of Sparta and Alexander the Great. The relevant Classical Greek and Achaemenid sources concerning Persian kingship are then considered, in order to establish four categories by which to examine the tyrannical dynasties chosen as case studies: Appearance, Accessibility, Dynasty and Military Function. Using these four categories, the dynasties of the Dionysii of Syracuse, the Clearchids of Heraclea Pontica, the Hecatomnids of Caria and Agathocles of Syracuse, chosen for their geographical and temporal variance, are examined individually over the next four chapters. Appearance concerns the ruler's dress and body presentation, the use of status items such as crowns and sceptres, and the display of luxury. Accessibility concerns the use of architecture and fortifications, as well as court protocol and bodyguards, in order to control access to the ruler. Dynasty concerns family trees, marriages and the role of women, and the role of close family and subordinates in important administrative positions. Military Function concerns the role of the ruler in warfare as well as power symbols, titles and epithets. The analysis of the tyrannies taken altogether using the same categories forms the basis of the subsequent chapter, and allows for comparison with the Achaemenid Persian evidence in order to determine whether there is any significant correlation. This chapter also examines the potential methods of transmission. The thesis concludes that there are significant similarities in some aspects of tyrannical rule with that of Achaemenid kingship, and demonstrates that tyrants were engaging in the political and philosophical discourse of the era. The 'royal nature' as demonstrated by Xenophon proves to be something that tyrants aspire to, without becoming kings in name. The thesis also concludes that thinking of Greek tyrants in rigid characterisation is no longer acceptable, whether temporally as alter and junger tyranny, or geographically as Greek rulers of Greek cities with no contextual influence.
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Ducharme, Kevin C. "Prospects for temptation in Persia by "The Great Satan" United States engagement with Iran /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FDucharme.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Knopf, Jeffrey ; Kadhim, Abbas. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Middle East, Foreign Policy, United States, Engagement, Positive incentives, Negative incentives, Iranian arms control, International relations, Strategic Studies, Sanctions. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-69). Also available in print.
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O'Flynn, T. S. R. "The Western Christian presence in the Caucasus and QaÌ?jaÌ?r Persia, 1802-70." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399415.
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Peernajmodin, Hossein. "Orientalist representations of Persia in the works of Spenser, Marlowe, Milton, Moore and Morier." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/56/.
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This study aims at investigating the representations of Persia in a number of canonical and non-canonical texts in English literature. The theoretical framework comes from Edward Said’s analysis of orientalism. It is argued that the case of Persia instances the heterogeneous and striated character of orientalism (‘representations’ rather than ‘representation’ in the title). It is shown that while a number of relatively similar set of motifs and topoi, mainly derived from classical tradition and contemporary travel writing, circulate in the works of the three Renaissance authors included (Spenser, Marlowe, Milton), they are differently inflected and serve different thematic and ideological purposes. It is also suggested that the somewhat nascent orientalism of these authors develops into a more fully-fledged one in Thomas Moore’s Lalla Rookh where a basically Romantic notion of Persia as an exotic land is overridden by its construction as a realm fallen to foreign domination and cultural dispossession so as to displace the poet’s radical political views. Finally, it is shown how the motifs and topoi teased out in the analysis of the matter of Persia in the works of the authors preceding James Morier find their characteristic form and their most effective articulation in his fiction, especially the Hajji Baba novels which arrogate the representation of the ‘real’ Persia. Central to the analysis is the point that though Said’s theorisation of orientalism is immensely useful, and essential, to any consideration of the orientalist canon, issues such as masquerading and displacing as well as the specificities of each text, of its context, and of the object of representation, compound the notion of orientalism as merely a mode of Western domination and hegemony.
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Theophilo, Arthur Xerxes Burlamaqui. "Ctésias de Cnido: tradução dos fragmentos presentes em Diodoro Sículo e Fócio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8143/tde-07112013-114404/.
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Esta dissertação propõe uma tradução para o português de parte da obra Persica (História da Pérsia) do autor grego Ctésias de Cnido. Do corpo dos fragmentos foram escolhidos os presentes em Diodoro da Sicília e Fócio de Constatinopla, que, em conjunto, apresentam um panorama da obra original e, por outro lado, constituem duas formas diferentes de reescritura do original. Junto à tradução é apresentada uma recapitulação dos estudos sobre Ctésias, com ênfase na possibilidade de se encontrar o autor em meio aos resumos feitos de sua obra, foco que também está presente no texto traduzido.<br>The following dissertation proposes a translation to Brazilian Portuguese of a part of Persica, by the greek author Ctesias of Cnidus. From its fragments, the ones present in Diodorus of Sicily and Photius of Constantinople were chosen, works which together present an overview of the original, and also constitute two different forms of rewriting the very same material. A recap of the studies on Ctesias is also presented, emphasizing the relationship between the author and the transmitters of his work, a framework that is also present in the translated text.
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Stokes, David Robert. "A failed alliance and expanding horizons : relations between the Austrian Habsburgs and the Safavid Persians in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6385.
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Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, both Austria and Persia were each repeatedly at war with the Ottoman Turks. Diplomats travelled between the two countries in an attempt to forge an alliance against their common enemy. Although the alliance never materialized the relationship broadened to cover other concerns. Despite cultural differences, both countries tried to work together and approached each-other as equals. Contact between the countries exposed both cultures to wider influences. Their changing relationship illustrates the priorities of both parties. This thesis, for the first time, uses primary sources to view the evolution of the relationship over the two century reign of the Safavid dynasty. It charts the course of their diplomatic relationship, examines the turning point in this relationship, and explores why the alliance both sides wanted never materialized. By examining Austria's diplomatic initiatives to the east this thesis helps correct the historiographical imbalance in central European history of concentration on only European affairs, and shows that their understanding of the east was more nuanced than is often credited.
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Silva, Marcelo Moura da. "MALAQUIAS, MENSAGEIRO DA JUSTIÇA:UM ESTUDO A PARTIR DO QUARTO ORÁCULO (2,17-3,5)." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2004. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/395.
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Previous issue date: 2004-02-20<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>regarding the post-exilic period under the dominion of Persia and, especially, of the religious problems focussing on the negligence of the priests in the fulfillment of their
duties and of the social problems pointing to a significant movement of external and internal oppression. This study has sought to verify, in the first chapter, how the message of Malachi by means of its form and content expected to placate the internal dissatisfaction of the groups that inhabited the territory of Judah with a greater emphasis on those living
around the temple in Jerusalem. In this chapter were considered the historical-literary discussions regarding date, authorship, readership, and form of presentation. Also an
attempt was made to verify the system and structures of Persian oppression in the territory of Judah as well as the appearances of a reorganization of Judean society.
The second chapter emphasized, more specifically, the exegetical treatment of the fourth oracle (2:17-3:5). In this oracle one can observe a synthesis of the central
themes of the message of Malachi: divine judgement that would come due to religious negligence and that would demand commitment to practical justice in the life of the
people. Starting with discussions about the limits, the structure, the literary genre, the living space, and the textual commentary, an attempt was made to verify how the
prophet presented to the people and the priests what would the agents and the transforming actions that Yahweh would use for the restoration of justice and of a purified worship.
The third chapter presents a recurring theme in the oracles of Malachi: justice. For this purpose an analysis was made of three pericopes that give specific treatment to the theme of justice (2:10-16; 2:17-3:5; and 3:13-21), of the influences of the Persian judicial system on the practice of everyday justice in Judah, and of the reality of oppression in the parentage system characteristic of the families (clans) that inhabited the territory of Judah. The study of Malachi points to a prophet that is politically and socially involved.
The Messenger maintained the prophetic ideals and desired to revive among the people the values of the covenant and to strengthen confidence in the action of Yahweh
to restore justice to everyday practice.(AU)<br>O livro de Malaquias apresenta oráculos que conservam informações relevantes do período pós exílico sob o domínio da Pérsia e, especialmente, os problemas religiosos focalizando a displicência dos sacerdotes no cumprimento de
suas funções e os problemas sociais apontando para um amplo movimento de opressão externa e interna.
Esta pesquisa buscou verificar, no primeiro capítulo, como a mensagem de Malaquias através de sua forma e conteúdos visava aplacar as insatisfações internas dos grupos que habitavam o território de Judá. Neste capítulo, foram abordadas as discussões histórico-literárias sobre data, autoria, destinatários, forma do anúncio. Ainda procurou-se realizar levantamentos históricos verificando o sistema e as
estruturas de opressão dos persas no território de Judá e também as faces da reorganização da sociedade de Judá.
O segundo capítulo enfatizou, mais propriamente, o trabalho exegético no quarto oráculo (2,17-3,5). Neste pode-se verificar uma síntese dos temas centrais da mensagem de Malaquias: O juízo divino que viria pela negligência religiosa e que exigia compromissos com a justiça prática na vida do povo. A partir das discussões exegéticas buscou-se verificar como o profeta apresentou ao povo e aos sacerdotes
quais seriam os agentes e as ações transformadoras que Javé promoveria para restaurar a justiça e o culto purificado.
O terceiro capítulo apresenta um tema recorrente nos oráculos do livro de Malaquias: a justiça. Para isso, foram analisadas três perícopes que tratam o tema da justiça enfocadamente, as influências do sistema judicial persa na prática da justiça cotidiana em Judá e a realidade de opressão nos sistema de parentesco entre as famílias (clãs) que habitavam o território de Judá - (2,10-16; 2,17-3,5 e 3,13-21). A pesquisa de Malaquias aponta para um profeta engajado política e socialmente. O Mensageiro manteve os ideais proféticos e desejou reacender os valores da aliança entre o povo e fortalecer a confiança na ação de Javé que
restauraria a justiça na prática cotidiana.(AU)
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Olaya, Montero Núria. "Las fuentes clásicas y orientales relativas a las fronteras septentrionales del imperio sasánida (224-651)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457542.
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Esta tesis es un estudio sobre las relaciones entre el Irán sasánida, llamado así a causa de la dinastía gobernante en Persia desde el primer cuarto del siglo III d.C. hasta la segunda mitad del siglo VII d.C., y los nómadas esteparios de Eurasia Central (iranófonos y/o turcófonos). Estos contactos entre los persas sasánidas y los pueblos nómadas esteparios no siempre fueron pacíficos, ya que existieron numerosos conflictos militares entre ellos, aunque también hubo momentos de paz, en los que florecieron las alianzas y el comercio. Este trabajo, dividido según los reinados de los diferentes reyes sasánidas, se centra en las fronteras septentrionales del Imperio persa, con especial interés en los principales focos de penetración nómada: las regiones caucásicas (actualmente en el noroeste del Irán, Azerbaiyán, Armenia, Georgia y el sur de Rusia) y las estepas de Asia Central (noreste del Irán, Turkmenistán, Uzbekistán, Kazajistán, Tayikistán, Afganistán y el norte de Pakistán), de acuerdo con las informaciones recogidas por fuentes contemporáneas y posteriores (desde los inicios del siglo III hasta el siglo XVI). Estas fuentes se encuentran en diversas lenguas y, pese a que las fuentes clásicas (griegas y latinas) son mayoritarias, también se cuenta con testimonios en persa medio, árabe, armenio, bactriano, chino, etíope, georgiano, paleoturco, persa, siriaco y sogdiano, entre otros. Así pues, se ha recopilado un corpus de textos originales con traducción junto con un comentario de realia destinado a ser utilizado como un instrumentum philologicum para la investigación histórico-arqueológica.<br>This doctoral dissertation is a study on the relations between Sasanian Iran, named after the ruling dynasty in Persia from the first quarter of the 3rd century AD to the second half of the 7th century AD, and the Central Eurasian steppe nomads (Iranian and / or Turkic speaking). These relations between Sasanians and steppe nomads were not always peaceful, considering that there was much warfare between them; although, there were also times of peace, in which alliances and commerce flourished. This dissertation, divided according to the reigns of the different Sasanian kings, focuses on the Northern frontiers of the Persian Empire, with special interest in the main spots of nomad penetration: the Caucasian regions (nowadays, Northwest Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia and South Russia) and the steppes of Central Asia (Northeast Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan and North Pakistan), all that according to the information collected by contemporary and later sources from the beginning of the 3rd century AD up to the 16th century AD. These sources are in different languages and, even though Classical (Greek and Latin) sources are the majority of them, there is also evidence in Middle Persian, Arab, Armenian, Bactrian, Chinese, Ethiopian, Georgian, Old Turkic, Persian, Syriac and Sogdian, among others. So, this thesis has gathered a corpus of original texts with translation and a realia commentary, destined to be used as an instrumentum philologicum for historical-archaeological research.
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Samiei, S. "Classical scholarship, anthropology, and the historiography of the Achaemenid Persia (1900-1940) : an intellectual inquiry." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/801440/.
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The overarching aim of this thesis is to see how the ancient Iranian world in general, and that of the Achaemenid Empire (550-331 BC) in particular were depicted by the (mainly) British academics and intellectuals during the first four decades of the twentieth century. The significance of this period (along with its preceding fifty years) lies in the way in which comparative philology was playing an increasingly pivotal role in a number of academic disciplines. Because of the supposed Indo-European commonalities between the Greeks and Persians, many were compelled to frame these peoples within an entirely new set of spatial boundaries that was mostly defined by a demographic hypothesis, which recommended that the late Bronze Age Indo-European intruders from the Steppes were one of the main causes of a fundamental cultural shift in the region. The intellectual underpinnings of this new approach were manifold. These included ideas pertaining to race, culture (and the manner of its prehistoric acquisition), language, and mythological heritages. In addition, since Romantic Hellenism, almost exclusively, defined the way in which the Persian Wars and the conquests of Alexander were related by the classically-trained historians of the period, it was a challenge to accommodate this new – and largely anthropological – framework within the Hellenic scheme of things. By concentrating on the writings of the Oxford ancient historian, Sir John Linton Myres, amongst others, this work intends to pursue two closely connected lines of inquiry. First, because of his intellectual interest and versatility (classicists, anthropologist, philologist, etc.), a better understanding of his thoughts can go a long way in comprehending this manifold intellectual modus operandi. Second, without such an undertaking, there would be precious little context and almost no analytical foundation for the historiographical examination of those aspects of Greek history which are of some relevance to the Achaemenid Persians and the Iranian world.
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Henes, Mary. "The land of the lion and the sun : British travel-writing on Persia, 1890-1940." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-land-of-the-lion-and-the-sun(752abec2-569c-47dc-a6b7-748960b24454).html.
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This thesis explores the diversity and evolution of British travel-writing on Persia from 1890, and argues that as a liminal space with the British geo-political world view, Persia offered an especially fertile ground for travel-writers to record their experiences in a wide variety of forms and styles. Furthermore, European awareness of ancient and early modern Persian history, culture and literature colours many of the works, which are seen to evolve towards a more poetically inclined style of travel-literature in the 1920s and 1930s. With a structure which often compares men’s and women’s writing from the same decade, the selection of authors stresses travel-writing’s connections with other genres including journalism, war reportage, accounts of military exploration and missionary memoir. Over the fifty years of the thesis, Britain engaged deeply with Persian internal politics, and records emerge from soldiers, diplomats, missionaries and independent travellers. The first chapter compares George Curzon’s Persia and the Persian Question (1892) with Ella Sykes’ Through Persia on a Side-Saddle (1896), particularly their implied readers. The second chapter compares Percy Sykes’ Ten Thousand Miles in Persia (1902), a cartographically and historically engaged text, with the work of a missionary, Mary Hume-Griffith, whose Behind the Veil (1906) considers the position of women in Persia, and implicitly in Britain. Chapter 3 discusses various engagements with the Persian Constitutional Revolution: the memoirs of journalists; the British Government’s Persia Committee; and the Persia Society. Chapter 4 looks at the war memoirs to emerge from Persia, then Vita Sackville-West’s two travelogues, Passenger to Teheran (1926) and Twelve Days (1928). The final chapter considers Freya Stark’s The Valleys of the Assassins (1934) and Robert Byron’s The Road to Oxiana (1937), reassessing the pair in the light of their predecessors.
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Khodadadi, Masood. "What is in a name? : evoking associations in cultural tourism marketing of Persia and Iran." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658612.
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This research aims to investigate how destination images relating to Iran are formed pre-visit and (in most cases) reconfigured post-visit by British cultural tourists. In particular it explores how a range of different discourses of Iran/Persia are (re )produced by the British media, Iranian tourism suppliers and British cultural tourists themselves, these being the discourse of Iran-as-Polity, Iran-as-Society and Iran-as-Persia. I looked into this area of tourism research from a social constructionist perspective, conducting qualitative research - interviews, discourse analysis, visual analysis - which has enabled me to investigate the concept of destination image formation from a relatively novel perspective compared to most previous studies. The study shows that while the media-driven discourse of Iran-as-Polity dominates pre-visit, the tourist-produced discourse of Iran-as-Society dominates during and post-visit, while the discourse of Iran-as-Persia is present at all stages, but is reinforced by an actual visit to the country. Educational capital emerges as a key component in enabling cultural tourists to challenge the discourse of Iran-as-Polity and develop alternative destination images.
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Shahvar, Suliman. "The formation of the Indo-European telegraph line : Britain, the Ottoman Empire and Persia 1855-1865." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266157.
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Tüyloğlu, D. Yavuz. "Eastern connections : uneven and combined origins of Iranian and Turkish nationalisms." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/79456/.
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Davoudi, Leonardo. "Persian petroleum and the British Empire : from the D'Arcy concession to the First World War." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:07db3f79-9ab3-482c-8265-7074fff20c9a.
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This thesis has used public and private archives, as well as newly discovered private papers, to provide new interpretations and new analytical insights regarding the early history of a British investment in Persia. This has given rise to broad questions regarding the interaction of economic and political power within the British empire and the interaction of foreign economic forces with domestic political forces in Persia. Within those overarching themes, the role of intermediation, the Anglo-Russian rivalry over Persia, British naval developments, differing legal cultures and Persian political developments have been examined in detail. Investigating the extent of official British intervention in the venture's affairs and the effects of the Persian Constitutional Revolution, in particular, have advanced the current understanding of the company's early history. In-depth archival research has thus allowed this thesis to demonstrate the shortcomings of the existing literature and provide the most complete account of the Persian oil venture's early developments to date.
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Zadeh, Jana. "The Iranian Islamic Revolution: For better or for worse?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359223.
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The thesis focuses on the Islamic Revolution of Iran by a comparative analysis of the monarchy regimes before and after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. Although there is little doubt that the transformation of Imperial Iran to the Islamic Republic has played a vital catalyst in redrawing the "greater" Middle Eastern geopolitics ever since this thesis aims to compare the historical development of Iran during the monarchy and the effect of the revolutionary institutions brought on the Iranian society. Despite the extensive amount of resources used in this thesis being both from Iran and abroad, the author has made every effort to reduce the effects of the influences whether from the overzealous defenders of monarchy or the die-hard revolutionaries to a bare minimum and allow the facts on their own to project the picture through an objective lens. The goal of the thesis is for the objective research and comparison to try and provide a factual answer to the million-dollar question, whether the revolution was for better or for worse.
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Rodrigues, Ubirajara Alencar 1966. "O colar perdido da caligrafia." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/251132.
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Orientador: Milton Jose de Almeida<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-04T15:20:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2011<br>Resumo: Este é um estudo e uma pesquisa sobre imagens em literatura, cinema, letras e textos em manuscritos e miniaturas árabes e persas. O estudo passa pela novela O colar da pomba, de Ibn Hazm, andaluz do século XI, e suas aparições nem sempre claras no filme de Nacer Khemir, O colar perdido da pomba. O estudo aqui apresentado está relacionado ao meu estudo central sobre as letras e a caligrafia árabes, e sobre o modelo de biblioteca árabe medieval, nos séculos 8 e 9, o Bayt ak-Hikma, A casa da sabedoria, como designavam os persas, e depois os árabes.<br>Abstract: This is a study and a research of images in literature, film, letters and texts in Arabic and Persian manuscripts and miniatures. The study permeates the novel The Ring of the Dove by the Andalusian Ibn Hazm, written about the eleventh century, and how it implicity appears in Nacer Khemir's film, The Dove Lost Necklace. The study presented here relates to my study on the letters and Arabic calligraphy, and a model of medieval Arabic library of the 8th/9th, the Bayt al-Hikma, the House of Wisdom, as denominate by the Persian and the Arabs.<br>Doutorado<br>Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte<br>Mestre em Educação
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Jacobs, Adam. "Sunni and Shii perceptions, boundaries and affiliations in late Timurid and early Safawid Persia : an examination of historical and quasi-historical narratives." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322113.
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Jarošová, Petra. "Potenciál cestovního ruchu Íránu a jeho atraktivita pro české turisty." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-81592.
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This thesis deals with Iran as a tourist destination. As is implied in the title, the definite aim of the thesis is to evaluate the potential of tourism in this country and its attractiveness for Czech tourists. Initially, there is a general characterization of Iran of the population and the land from geographical, economic and other facets. The general characterization is followed by an analysis of tourism in Iran -- the current situation and the anticipated development. The very important part of this thesis is represented by the analysis of the tour offers provided by Czech tour operators to this destination and evaluation of the questionnaire research, which was aimed to find out how Iran is perceived by the Czech public and also to examine the interest in travelling to this country among Czech tourists.
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Nanji, Nawazish Godrej. "Giving Architecture to Fire." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33592.
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For centuries, fire has been a sacred symbol from the eastern cultures to western regions. As one of the four states of matter, fire represents the great essence in our daily lives as an energy source with its warmth, light and aura, kindling feelings of truth and spirituality within us. In his poetic verses, fire was venerated by Zoroaster who led mankind to believe that there is one supreme lord that we may follow; a being that can only be known by the quest for truth (Asha). For Zoroaster truth was symbolic with fire as it brought people together in prayer. With the passage of time fire became consecrated in different orders with the higher ones being placed within covered buildings for protection. These buildings became temples of fire or Fire Temples where an eternal flame was kept and looked after by a priest so as to keep alive the salvation of humankind and continue our journey towards righteousness with the blessings of the supreme. With this, faith stayed alive as long as the Fire burned.
Herein lies my celebration of fire where I announce it to the follower on the path to truth as an eternal flame burning, yet resting in a place worthy of all its glory; an ambiance created to venerate the flame and reassure the traveler that its light has more to offer than meets the eye.<br>Master of Architecture
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Makuwa, Phaswane Simon. "The emptiness of Judah in the exilic and early Persian period / P.S. Makuwa." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9672.
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The Old Testament verbal expression of ‘the exile of Judah’ during the Babylonian exile has led to the perception that the land of Judah was emptied of all Judeans. This biblical expression is not necessarily contradictory to historical facts, but theologically and quality-orientated in nature. The exile of the elite from Jerusalem to Babylon, the execution of some of them and the flight of others to Egypt and other neighbouring states disrupted Jerusalem and rendered the city dysfunctional in every national sphere. The royal and religious services, which were based in Jerusalem, the capital city, were discontinued. The emptiness of Judah was signalled by the emptiness as regards the royal and religious authority wrought on Jerusalem by Babylon. Without their royalty, cult, trade, military and judiciary, Judah was indeed emptied and exiled. However, not all Judeans were exiled, for a remnant remained. There is almost no significant record of revelations by God in Judah during the exile, especially after compatriots that opted to flee to Egypt had forcefully taken Jeremiah with them. In addition to its land being emptied during the exile, Judah lost some of its land. The Judean identity in Judah disintegrated due to the influx of foreigners into the land and their subsequent influence on the remaining Judeans. Those that remained in Judah were unable to establish an exclusive Judean community and identity effectively; in any case, not before the Babylonian exiles returned early in the time of the Persian Empire. The paucity of information about the lifestyle in Judah during the exile attests to the veracity and rectitude of the theological concepts of the exile of Judah from 605 to 539 BCE.<br>Thesis (PhD (Old Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Mormone, Maria Rosaria. "Viaggiatori Italiani in Persia. Oltre il pregiudizio : la scoperta dell’iranicità attraverso il viaggio tra il sacro e il profano nell’Iran contemporaneo." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT2024/document.
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Pour comprendre l'Iran d'aujourd'hui il faut poser son regard sur la Perse antique, terre de nomades, de marchands et de voyageurs mais aussi de champs de bataille sur lesquels ont été érigés les fondements d'une société raffinée tant aimée par les scientifiques, les artistes, les poètes et surtout par les voyageurs. Au fil des siècles, beaucoup d'italiens l'ont traversée ou y ont séjourné et il est impossible de parler de l'Iran sans prendre en considération son passé de Grand Empire, sa transformation religieuse du polythéisme à l'Islam en passant par le Mazdéisme, et ses bouleversement socio-culturels survenus lors de la transition entre la monarchie de Pahlavi et la République islamique d'Iran instaurée en 1979 à la suite de la révolution. A travers l'analyse et la comparaison de divers reportages de voyages, cette étude socio-culturelle tentera donc de mettre en évidence la façon à travers laquelle la vision de l'Iran, que certains voyageurs italiens possédaient, s'est modifiée et de quelle manière le voyage en Iran, entre le sacré et le profane, a influé sur la personnalité de ces derniers. D'après les textes des journalistes, des touristes, des littéraires et des aventuriers examinés, il est possible d'affirmer que tous ces gens sont tous partis en Iran avec beaucoup de craintes et un bagage de préjugés assez important. Cependant le voyage les a tellement surpris qu'ils ont rapidement reconnu leur erreur de jugement. La magnificence des lieux et la gentillesse de la population les ont amenés à aimer chaque pierre, chaque légende, et chaque personne rencontrée jusqu'à en arriver à se sentir comme à la maison malgré les nombreux kilomètres qui séparent la République islamique d'Iran de leur propre patrie. Lorsqu'il se rend en Iran, le voyageur prend conscience de se trouver dans un État théocratique qui impose des règles strictes mais qui entretient pourtant la pureté d'âme parfois perdue en Occident. Il s'agit d'un État dans lequel les Gardiens de la révolution intimident régulièrement les femmes en contrôlant leurs habits, en les obligeant à vivre selon les lois de la Charia, mais c'est dans ce même pays que les hommes sont toujours gentils et respectueux. C'est un lieux où le chant du Muezzin invite à la prière à l'aube, à midi et au coucher du soleil et où des ombres silencieuses, enroulées dans leurs tchadors obligent à réfléchir sur un pays où cohabitent des femmes résignées et tristes avec d'autres, bien courageuses, à la tête couverte dans toute sorte de tissus et prêtes à défier leurs familles et la société en découvrant de plus en plus leurs têtes enroulées dans des rusari colorés. L'Iran est un lieu où les fidèles chiites prient le même Dieu que leurs frères ennemis sunnites, toujours prêts à réitérer les événements de Kerbala. Et c’est un endroit où, pendant le Noruz zoroastrien, l’âme sombre de l’Ashura cède la place à l’espoir d’une meilleure année<br>To understand the Iran of today we must look at ancient Persia, land of nomads, merchants and travelers but also battlefield on which have been erected the foundations of a refined society so loved by scientists, artists, poets and especially by travelers. Over the centuries, many Italians have crossed or stayed there, and it is impossible to talk about Iran without taking into consideration its past of the Great Empire, its religious transformation from polytheism to Islam via the Mazdaism, and its socio-cultural upheaval occurred during the transition from the Pahlavi monarchy to the Islamic Republic of Iran established in 1979 following the revolution. Through the analysis and comparison of various travel reports, this socio-cultural study will try to highlight how the vision of Iran, that some Italian travelers had, has changed and in which way the trip to Iran, between the sacred and the profane, has influenced the personality of this travelers. According to the texts of the journalists, the tourists, the literary people and the adventurers examined, it is possible to affirm that all these people have all reached Iran with a lot of fears and a baggage of prejudices quite important. However, the trip surprised them so much that they quickly recognized their misjudgment. The magnificence of the place and the kindness of the people, led them to love every stone, every legend, and every person they met, they made them feel at home despite the many kilometers that separate the Islamic Republic of Iran from their own homeland. When traveling to Iran, the traveler becomes aware of being in a theocratic state which imposes strict rules, but whose people maintains the purity of soul, sometimes lost in the West. This is a state in which Revolutionary Guards routinely bully women by controlling their clothes, forcing them to live by Shari'a law, but it is in that same country that men are always kind and respectful. It is a place where the song of Muezzin invites to prayer at dawn, at noon and at sunset and where silent shadows, rolled up in their chadors, make you think about a country where resigned and sad women live together with others brave, with their heads covered in all sorts of fabrics and ready to challenge their families and society by discovering more and more their heads wrapped in colorful rusari. Iran is a place where Shiite worshipers pray to the same God as their Sunni enemy brethren, always ready to reiterate the events of Kerbala. And is a place where during the Zoroastrian Noruz, the dark soul of Ashura gives way to the hope of a better new year
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Jackson, Bonner Michael Richard. "An historiographical study of Abu Hanifa Ahmad ibn Dawud ibn Wanand al-Dinawari's Kitab al-Ahbar al-Tiwal (especially of that part dealing with the Sasanian kings)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:36f7c6b5-f9f2-44cd-83e6-2a4eaa7f4559.
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This thesis is a study of the pre-Islamic passages of Abū Ḥanīfa Aḥmad ibn Dāwūd ibn Wanand Dīnawarī's Kitāb al-Aḫbār al-Ṭiwāl. This is to say that it stops at the beginning of the Arab conquest of Iran. It is intended for scholars of Late Antiquity. Special emphasis is placed on Dīnawarī's exposition of the rule of the Sasanian dynasty and questions relating to the mysterious Ḫudāynāma tradition which are intimately connected with it. Beginning with a discussion of Dīnawarī and his work, the thesis moves into a discussion of indigenous Iranian historiography. Speculation on the sources of Kitāb al-Aḫbār al-Ṭiwāl follows, and the historiographical investigation of the most substantial portion of Kitāb al-Aḫbār al-Ṭiwāl's notices on the Sasanian dynasty comes next. The conclusion summarises the findings of the thesis. The final section (an appendix) is a translation of the relevant part of Kitāb al-Aḫbār al-Ṭiwāl running from the beginning of that text to the reign of Šīrūya. This thesis was written with one main question in mind: what does Dīnawarī's Kitāb al-Aḫbār al-Ṭiwāl have to say about pre-Islamic Iranian history? A host of other questions arose immediately: who was Dīnawarī; when did he live; what did he do; how was his work perceived by others; where did Dīnawarī get his information and how did he present it; is Dīnawarī's information reliable? These questions are addressed one by one in my thesis.