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Journal articles on the topic 'Persian gardens'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Fallahi, Esmaeil, Pontia Fallahi, and Shahla Mahdavi. "Ancient Urban Gardens of Persia: Concept, History, and Influence on Other World Gardens." HortTechnology 30, no. 1 (2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04415-19.

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The history of Persian gardens goes back to a few millennia before the emergence of Islam in Iran (Persia). Designs of Persian gardens have influenced and are used extensively in the gardens of Al-Andalus in Spain, Humayun’s Tomb and the Taj Mahal in India, and many gardens in the United States and other countries around the globe. Bagh in the Persian language (Farsi) means garden and the word Baghdad (the capital city of Iraq) is rooted from the words bagh and daad (meaning “the garden of justice”). Pasargadae, the ancient Persian capital city, is the earliest example of Persian garden design

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Gachkar, Sadaf, Darya Gachkar, Mozafar Abbaszadeh, Soheila Aghlmand, and Sattar Sattary. "The Characteristics of Persian Historical Gardens (Case Study: Emarat Birooni Garden of Urmia, Iran)." HABITAT 33, no. 3 (2022): 287–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.habitat.2022.033.3.28.

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Persian gardens are valuable historical and cultural human-built landscapes however, Persian gardens are deteriorating gradually. Thus, comprehensive studies would be helpful in obtaining deeper insights into different aspects and meaning of Persian gardens. The descriptive-analytical approach was used to review the EmaratBirooni garden of Urmia (Campus of Urmia University) as it is the only remnant of Qajar period demonstrating a clear image of the past of the Persian garden model in Urmia. Data were employed through literature review and on-site field study. It was found that the Campus of U

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3

Meisami, Julie Scott. "Allegorical Gardens in the Persian Poetic Tradition: Nezami, Rumi, Hafez." International Journal of Middle East Studies 17, no. 2 (1985): 229–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800029019.

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A striking feature of medieval Persian poetry is the abundance of nature imagery that permeates every poetic genre, and especially imagery relating to gardens. The royal gardens and parks evoked in the descriptive exordia of the qasīda, the luxuriant gardens of romance that provide settings for tales of love, the spiritual gardens of mystical writings, the flowery haunts of rose and nightingale in the courtly ghazal—all provide eloquent testimony to the importance of the garden in Persian culture.

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Amani-Beni, Majid, Gaodi Xie, Qingjuan Yang, Alessio Russo, and Mohammad Reza Khalilnezhad. "Socio-Cultural Appropriateness of the Use of Historic Persian Gardens for Modern Urban Edible Gardens." Land 11, no. 1 (2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11010038.

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Historic gardens have the ability to provide several ecosystem services in cities, including provisioning services (i.e., food production). The historic gardens in Iran (known as “Persian Gardens”) have never been considered as places that could be used for food production. As a result, the purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the Iranian historic gardens’ spatial and structural layout is suitable for modern urban food gardening. We conducted field studies in six recognized Persian gardens in four provinces of Iran via qualitative analysis according to socio-cultural guidelines draw

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Ebrahimi, Ahad Nejad, Farnaz Nazarzadeh, and Elnaz Nazarzadeh. "PERSIAN GARDENS IN COLD AND DRY CLIMATE: A CASE STUDY OF TABRIZ’S HISTORICAL GARDENS." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 10, no. 3 (2016): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v10i3.925.

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Throughout history, gardens and garden designing has been in the attention of Persian architects who had special expertise in the construction of gardens. The appearance of Islam and allegories of paradise taken from that in Koran and Saints’ sayings gave spirituality to garden construction. Climate conditions have also had an important role in this respect but little research has been done about it and most of the investigations have referred to spiritual aspects and forms of garden. The cold and dry climate that has enveloped parts of West and North West of Iran has many gardens with differe

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Fekete, Albert, and Reza Haidari. "Special aspects of water use in Persian gardens." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Agriculture and Environment 7, no. 1 (2015): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausae-2015-0007.

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Abstract The Persian garden is one of the most characteristic and notable element in the Iranian landscape. Considering Iran’s hot and dry climate along with water deficit for plantation, it becomes noticeable how important the art of making gardens is to Iranians. Water is one of the most crucial elements in the Persian garden, and we can state that gardens would be meaningless without it. Garden applications use water with its various abilities such as life, brightness, cleanliness, light, inertia, and motion, which bring forward numerous feelings in the human soul and enhance mental comfort

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7

Faghih, Nasrine, and Amin Sadeghy. "Persian Gardens and Landscapes." Architectural Design 82, no. 3 (2012): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ad.1403.

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8

Li, Mengbi, Hing-Wah Chau, Elmira Jamei, and Hamidreza Pourakbar. "Nature's Poetry Unveiled: Exploring the Symbolism and Design Philosophy of Chinese and Persian Gardens through Metaphor and Art." Landscape architecture and art 22, no. 22 (2023): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2023.22.16.

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This paper delves into the symbolism and design philosophy of Chinese and Persian gardens, revealing the profound depths of their metaphorical and artistic expressions. As landscape architecture, gardens act as conduits for cultural transmission, embodying an understanding of the cosmic order and reflecting the passage of history. Focusing on pre-modern Chinese and Persian gardens, this study explores their design philosophy and characteristics. Chinese gardens prioritise the harmonious coexistence of humanity and nature, exemplified through a deep reverence for the natural world. Meticulous t

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9

Mahmoudi Farahani, Leila, Bahareh Motamed, and Elmira Jamei. "Persian Gardens: Meanings, Symbolism, and Design." Landscape Online 46 (January 31, 2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201646.

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Culture and identity in a society can be represented in the architecture and the meanings intertwined with it. In this sense, the architecture and design are the interface for transferring meaning and identity to the nation and future generations. Persian gardens have been evolved through the history of Persian Empire in regard to the culture and beliefs of the society. This paper aims to investigate the patterns of design and architecture in Persian gardens and the meanings intertwined with their patterns and significant elements such as water and trees. Persian gardens are not only about geo

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10

Rouhani, G. "Persian gardens: then and now." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1315 (July 2021): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2021.1315.100.

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11

Okhovat, Hanie. "Comparison between the impacts of the irrigation systems of Persian Safavid and Italian Renaissance gardens through a descriptive-historical approach." Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo 10, no. 2 (2022): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46284/mkd.2022.10.2.3.

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This article is based on the comparison of the irrigation systems in gardens of two simultaneous periods but formed in two different lands, Italian Renaissance gardens and Persian Safavid gardens. The studies that have been done so far do not explicitly mention the relationship between these two gardens, and this research can be a starting point for referring to historical studies and discovering the possible connections and their effects on each other. The research is qualitative with an interpretive historical approach that seeks to investigate the origins of the irrigation systems of Persia

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12

Kotova, A. V., and E. I. Golosova. "ISLAMIC ETHNOCULTURE IN LANDSCAPE EXPOSITIONS OF BOTANICAL GARDENS." LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA, no. 1 (2022): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37770/2712-7656-2022-1-5-15.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the world experience in the construction of ethno-cultural gardens, as well as the role and modern tasks of botanical gardens in this direction. In the last few decades, the appeal to the ethno-cultural visualization of horticultural traditions of different countries and peoples has become especially relevant and in demand. In different countries there are gardens in which the national spiritual and utilitarian culture is deeply reflected and they are world famous. These are usually Japanese, Chinese, French, Italian gardens. To a lesser extent, the ga

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13

Roth, Nicolas. "Poppies and Peacocks, Jasmine and Jackfruit: Garden Images and Horticultural Knowledge in the Literatures of Mughal India, 1600–1800." Journal of South Asian Intellectual History 1, no. 1 (2019): 48–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25425552-12340003.

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AbstractPersian, Braj Bhāṣā, and Urdu literatures in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Mughal India evolved a common repertoire for the depiction of gardens. Drawing on earlier Persian and Sanskrit models but reflecting material developments of the time, including the influx of new American plants, this mode of writing gardens appeared primarily in a particular type of garden set piece in narrative or descriptive works, but also in references across genres. Apart from allowing for elaborate literary conceits, these conventions served to display knowledge and convey specific notions of materi

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14

Mahdi Nejad, Jamal-e.-Din, Hamidreza Azemati, Esmaeil Zarghami, and Ali Sadeghi Habib Abad. "The Role of Water in Persian Gardens." Open Journal of Ecology 07, no. 01 (2017): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oje.2017.71004.

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15

Khosravi, Hamed. "GEOPOLITICS OF TABULA RASA: PERSIAN GARDEN AND THE IDEA OF CITY." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 38, no. 1 (2014): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2014.897017.

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Historically Persian Garden symbolizes a well-ordered landscape, which is mostly associated with the leisure and enjoyment of the kings. However here it is read as inevitable form of built environment within the Iranian plateau. Garden (bāgh) not only creates a minimum condition for a life, but it is the spatial device through which the power of the sovereign dominates the territory. In the harsh landscape of Iran gardens were micro-cosmos; camps that protected life and let it flourish within the tabula rasa. In such a condition any distinction between various forms of life ceases to exist and

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16

Khalilnezhad, S. M. R. "Distinctive features of productive landscapes in Persian gardens." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1189 (December 2017): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2017.1189.6.

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17

Kordi, Fatemeh. "Persian gardens in Indian Subcontinent and Comparing of the Shalimar garden and Chehel Sotoun." Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 5, no. 7 (2015): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2015.00186.0.

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18

Razmara, Mina, Hajar Asadpour, and Malihe Taghipour. "HEALING LANDSCAPES: THE EFFECTS OF ITS PARAMETERS ON DIFFERENT GENDER (CASE STUDY: ERAM GARDEN & AZADI PARK OF SHIRAZ-IRAN)." Nature: National Academic Journal of Architecture 7, no. 2 (2020): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/nature.v7i2a4.

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Abstrak_ Lanskap penyembuhan menciptakan ruang yang membantu orang mengurangi stres dan meningkatkan kesehatan mental mereka. Dalam budaya Iran, taman bersejarah serta taman kota (dalam beberapa dekade terakhir) dapat bermanfaat untuk menciptakan lanskap penyembuhan. Mempertimbangkan model Canter Place, parameter lanskap penyembuhan disajikan dalam bentuk tiga dimensi: fungsional, persepsi-semantik, dan fisik-visual. Karena pria dan wanita berperilaku berbeda dalam menghadapi lingkungan mereka, penelitian ini mengevaluasi bagaimana taman Persia dan taman kota berpengaruh (dengan dua pola struk

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Rehman, Ramsha, Affira Atta, and Seemin Aslam. "IMPACT OF CULTURAL SHIFT ON THE GREEN-SCAPE OF LAHORE, FROM MUGHALS TO PRESENT." Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning 15, no. 2 (2013): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53700/jrap1522013_2.

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Lahore has a glorious history and it remained a chief cultural centre throughout the past from Ghaznavids Rule to the independence of the sub-continent. The city which was known as the City of Gardens has experienced a changing trend in garden design over a period of time, from the past to present. Initially the changes were brought about by the immigrants or invaders but now the trend in designing of parks are changing, faster than ever before. Lahore has the privilege to preserve the timeline of the changes brought about by the culture in the design of Green-Scape. This paper discusses the c

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20

Davis, Dick. "Mrs. Carter's Pudding, or Real English Toads in Imaginary Persian Gardens: On Translating Persian Poetry." Translation Review 50, no. 1 (1996): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07374836.1996.10523682.

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21

Taghvaee, Ali Akbar, Mojtaba Ansari, and Hadi Mahmoudi Nejad. "Cultural Beliefs Regarding Persian Gardens with the Emphasis on Water and Trees." African and Asian Studies 7, no. 1 (2008): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921008x273097.

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AbstractIn different cultures people may have different perceptions of and attitudes to some natural phenomena such as wind, water, fire, trees, sun, moon and examples of these sorts. Respect and reverence for water and trees have been institutionalized in many ancient civilizations due to their various socio-cultural traditions, values and beliefs. In Iranian societies respect for water has been a well known cultural value before and after Islam. The important role of water in the various aspects of human life has been emphasized in the holy books particularly in Avesta and Holy Quran. In the

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22

Rahmani Miyandehi, Safoora, Azadeh Rahmani, and Azadeh Khaki Ghasr. "The Concept of Re-Creation of Persian Garden Privacy in Mosque Design." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, no. 2 (2016): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i2.285.

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One of the primary goals in mosques design is to connect the users to Allah. By accepting privacy as an origin to approach to that, the question notices properties and dimensions of privacy in Persian gardens as great examples of private places in Islamic Iranian architecture. Next question follows orders create privacy affordance to them. The results shows orders are: Light, color, sound, material, and air condition orders. Finding orders have been linked to mosques design through recommendations which focus on preparing privacy and community together, based on Islam worship order. The method

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23

Rostami, Raheleh, Hasanuddin Lamit, Seyed Meysam Khoshnava, and Rasoul Rostami. "Successful public places: A case study of historical Persian gardens." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 15 (2016): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2015.08.011.

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Porshnev, V. P. "Landscape gardening art of the Seleucid Empire." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg State University of Culture, no. 4 (45) (December 2020): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30725/2619-0303-2020-4-85-92.

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Landscape art of the state of the Seleucid Empire, which inherited a considerable part of the broken-up Alexander of Macedon’s Empire still was not a subject of a separate research. Unlike Ptolemaic Egypt where imperial gardeners managed harmoniously to unite the landscape planning inherited from sacred groves and parks of Hellas with Ancient Egyptian tradition of regular planning, there is no reason to speak about any specific «Seleucid’s style». Nevertheless, landscape art of this dynasty has the great interest to historians of ancient art as it fills a time gap between gardens and parks of

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Bahrami, Farshad, and Margaret J. Grose. "The surviving, partially destroyed, and lost Persian gardens of Kerman, Iran." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 65 (November 2021): 127367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127367.

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26

Mahdizadeh, Sara. "Persian Gardens and Pavilions: Reflections in History, Poetry and the Arts." Landscape Research 40, no. 4 (2015): 515–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2015.1023513.

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Göker, Parisa. "An Analysis of Water Features in Persian gardens; Bagh-e Shahzadeh." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 8, no. 9 (2017): 661–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2017.8.9.1034.

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Khalilnezhad, S. M. R. "Principles of integration of the agriculture and pleasure greeneries in Persian gardens." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1189 (December 2017): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2017.1189.7.

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Pandey, Anjali. "WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF KALIYADEH MAHAL." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 3 (2018): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i3.2018.1531.

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Water in architecture of India played an important role in the culture. Indians developed the traditional hydro engineering to conserve Rain water, Ground water, river, and other natural resources. It could be seen since earliest times. Stepwells were first used as an art form by the Hindus and they influenced many other structures, Mughal Gardens are the examples of the incorporation of water in the design of Architecture. The designs of the gardens are of the medieval Islamic Period. Kaliadeh Mehel near Bheravgarh Fort at the bank of River Kshripa. Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh) is well known

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Fadaie, Honey, and Seyed Majid Mofidi. "The Sustainability of Persian Gardens in Arid Regions: A Comparative Study: Case Studies: Gardens of Yazd and Kashan, Iran." International Journal of Architectonic, Spatial, and Environmental Design 7, no. 3 (2014): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2325-1662/cgp/v07i03/38371.

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31

Mahdavinejad, Mohammadjavad, Nasim Gholami Rostam, and Sepide Mahdavi. "The Role of the Gestalt Theory in Understanding Persian Architectural Masterpieces, Case Study: Fin-Garden of Kashan." International Journal of Management and Sustainability 2, no. 1 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.11/2013.2.1/11.2.1.13.

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Gestalt theory is one of the most effecting theories. This theory has been used in different fields but until now it is not used about Iranian architecture. Absence of researches about Iranian architecture according to gestalt theory, making analysis shows more up. So present research meantime of explaining gestalt theory and it’s connection with landscape architect means proceed to gestalt theory in this field. The fundamental research questions are: What concepts can be explained according to gestalt? does we able to analyze the historical gardens via this theory? What dimensions will be emp

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32

Foster, Karen Polinger. "The Hanging Gardens of Nineveh." Iraq 66 (2004): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900001790.

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Though for over two millennia much has been written and said about the Hanging Gardens, they remain elusive. Neither the extensive excavations at the city of Babylon nor the abundant contemporaneous cuneiform records have yielded convincing evidence for these gardens and their associated structures. Herodotus says not a word about them. Instead, we have the descriptions of five later writers, who were themselves quoted and paraphrased by others and whose accounts of the gardens are often opaque, contradictory, and technologically baffling at best.Briefly and in approximate chronological order,

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Khalilnezhad, M. R., M. Amani-Beni, and Z. W. Shen. "Accessibility, visibility and connectivity between urbanites and edible landscape in the Persian gardens." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1374 (September 2023): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2023.1374.14.

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Langgut, Dafna. "The Citrus Route Revealed: From Southeast Asia into the Mediterranean." HortScience 52, no. 6 (2017): 814–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci11023-16.

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Today, citrus orchards are a major component of the Mediterranean landscape and one of the most important cultivated fruits in the region; however, citrus is not native to the Mediterranean Basin, but originated in Southeast Asia. Here, the route of the spread and diversification of citrus is traced through the use of reliable historical information (ancient texts, art, and artifacts such as wall paintings and coins) and archaeobotanical remains such as fossil pollen grains, charcoals, seeds, and other fruit remains. These botanical remains are evaluated for their reliability (in terms of iden

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Rostami, Raheleh, Hasanuddin Lamit, Seyed Meysam Khoshnava, and Rasoul Rostami. "The Role of Historical Persian Gardens on the Health Status of Contemporary Urban Residents." EcoHealth 11, no. 3 (2014): 308–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-014-0939-6.

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Habibi, Negar. "Introduction." Manazir Journal 5 (October 9, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/manazir.2023.5.1.

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Iranian kings, or those who reigned in lands under Persian linguistic and cultural domination, followed the idea of a Just Ruler: a pious king who looked after his subjects’ divinity and spirituality in parallel to their earthly lives and needs. The Just Ruler extended righteousness and peace among his people while patronizing the construction of palaces, gardens, and new towns. The idea of a Just Ruler may be found in Sassanid monumental rock reliefs and written texts and then enriched and elaborated upon in the Islamic era by philosophers, poets, authors, and artists.  This issue of Ma

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Aliyas, Zeinab, and Sara Masoudi Nezhad. "The Role of Historical Persian Gardens as Urban Green Spaces: Psychological, Physical, and Social Aspects." Environmental Justice 12, no. 3 (2019): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/env.2018.0034.

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Rostami, Raheleh, Hasanuddin Lamit, Seyed Khoshnava, Rasoul Rostami, and Muhamad Rosley. "Sustainable Cities and the Contribution of Historical Urban Green Spaces: A Case Study of Historical Persian Gardens." Sustainability 7, no. 10 (2015): 13290–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su71013290.

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Sharafi Safa, Habib, and Alireza Ali Soufi. "Rereading the History of Dargazin City in Nasuh Matrakçi Miniature Images." Asian Studies 9, no. 1 (2021): 95–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2021.9.1.95-123.

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This article focuses on the miniature paintings of Nasuh Matrakçi who came to the west of Iran during the Safavid period. Matrakçi’s miniatures are among the oldest surviving images of Dargazin city, the like of which cannot be found in other travelogues and historians’ works. The surviving three images at two different settings can help us understand the urban and social status of Dargazin in the Safavid period. The findings indicate that, thanks to its Sunni residents and because of its geopolitical significance, Dargazin was of great interest to Ottoman and Safavid rulers who turned it to

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Sharafi Safa, Habib, and Alireza Ali Soufi. "Rereading the History of Dargazin City in Nasuh Matrakçi Miniature Images." Asian Studies 9, no. 1 (2021): 95–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2021.9.1.95-123.

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This article focuses on the miniature paintings of Nasuh Matrakçi who came to the west of Iran during the Safavid period. Matrakçi’s miniatures are among the oldest surviving images of Dargazin city, the like of which cannot be found in other travelogues and historians’ works. The surviving three images at two different settings can help us understand the urban and social status of Dargazin in the Safavid period. The findings indicate that, thanks to its Sunni residents and because of its geopolitical significance, Dargazin was of great interest to Ottoman and Safavid rulers who turned it to

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41

Ryzhenko, TS, and SA Los. "Breeding research of genus Juglans representatives on the territory of EBDFC "Veseli Bokovenki"." Genetičnì resursi roslin (Plant Genetic Resources), no. 29 (2021): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36814/pgr.2021.29.07.

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Aim. To summarize the results on the breeding of the genus Juglans representatives within the territory of the Experimental and Breeding Dendrological Forest Center "Veseli Bokovenki" and to outline the prospects for future research. Results and Discussion. The current state, research results and prospects of using collections of breeding forms of the genus Juglans representatives at the Experimental Breeding Dendrological Forest Center (EBDFC) "Veseli Bokovenki" are analyzed. The 2016 survey showed that 7 out of 10 experimental objects derived from the genus Juglans representatives over a 120

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Kinra, Rajeev. "Master and Munshī." Indian Economic & Social History Review 47, no. 4 (2010): 527–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001946461004700405.

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This article aims to contribute to a growing body of scholarship on the cultural world of the early modern Indo-Persian state secretary, or munshī. Our guide will be the celebrated Mughal munshī, Chandar Bhān Brahman (d. 1662-63), whose life and career shed considerable light on the ideals of administrative conduct that informed political and intellectual culture during the reigns of the emperors Jahāngīr and Shāh Jahān. After examining Chandar Bhān's background and socio-intellectual milieu, we will focus in particular on a section of his prose magnum opus, Chahār Chaman (_The Four Gardens’),

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Curtis, Paul D., Gwen B. Curtis, and William B. Miller. "Relative Resistance of Ornamental Flowering Bulbs to Feeding Damage by Voles." HortTechnology 19, no. 3 (2009): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.19.3.499.

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Many plants have mechanisms of physical or chemical resistance that protect them from herbivores in their environment. Vertebrates such as meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) cause significant damage to ornamental plantings and home gardens. Our goal was to identify flowering bulbs that could be used to design more herbivore-resistant home landscapes. Single-choice feeding trials with captive prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) were used to assess the relative resistance of 30 bulb varieties to deter rodents from consuming fresh plant material and freeze-dried, powdered bulb mixed with a p

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Curtis, Paul D., Gwen B. Curtis, and William B. Miller. "Relative Resistance of Ornamental Flowering Bulbs to Feeding Damage by Voles." HortTechnology 19, no. 3 (2009): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.19.3.499.

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Many plants have mechanisms of physical or chemical resistance that protect them from herbivores in their environment. Vertebrates such as meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) cause significant damage to ornamental plantings and home gardens. Our goal was to identify flowering bulbs that could be used to design more herbivore-resistant home landscapes. Single-choice feeding trials with captive prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) were used to assess the relative resistance of 30 bulb varieties to deter rodents from consuming fresh plant material and freeze-dried, powdered bulb mixed with a p

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Galbraith, John S. "Britain and American Railway Promoters In Late Nineteenth Century Persia." Albion 21, no. 2 (1989): 248–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4049928.

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Within the last generation there has been a vast outpouring of scholarship on the characteristics of British imperial policy in the latter half of the nineteenth century. The older orthodoxy that the mid-Victorian years were dominated by a commitment to laissez faire and free trade has been demolished. In the new era scholars quarrel over how “imperial” was “informal empire.” This article is not intended to add to this controversy, but rather to provide insight into the character of British policy in one area, Persia, during the last quarter of the nineteenth century, with particular emphasis

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Fadaie, Honey, and Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani. "The Parameters of Sustainable Landscape in Persian Garden Design." Advanced Materials Research 935 (May 2014): 320–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.935.320.

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This paper concentrates of results based on study on sustainable parameters in the creation of Persian garden in arid regions of Iran. Persian garden has had special role to moderate local climates for many centuries and nowadays the recognitions of its sustainable features could be a strategy to reduce the total energy consumption. By the analysis of sustainable characteristics of Persian garden, the main goal is to identify sustainable parameters in landscape design for present and future with similar climates could be obtained.

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AMIRSOLEIMANI, SOHEILA. "M. R. GHANOONPARVAR, Translating the Garden, (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2002). Pp. 196. $32.95 cloth." International Journal of Middle East Studies 35, no. 4 (2003): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743803250261.

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In this book, M. R. Ghanoonparvar describes his experience of translating Shahrokh Meskoob's Guftugū dar bāgh (Dialogue in the Garden), a fictionalized dialogue between a writer and his painter uncle during the course of which many aspects of Iranian culture are discussed through the prism of gardens, long held to be significant to the Persians. The author clearly states the thesis of his book on the very first page: “[this book] is about the act of translating, the actual process of translating.” In what follows, the reader accompanies the author–translator along the path that leads from the

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Hashmi, Arsala. "Philosophy of Interior Design in Mughal Era Mosques of Lahore: A case study of Maryam Zamani and Wazir Khan Mosques." Journal of Art, Architecture and Built Environment 01, no. 02 (2018): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.12.04.

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A great reflection and convergence of Persian, Turkish and Indian architecture is observed in Mughal architecture, which is known as a remarkably symmetrical and decorative amalgamation of these architectures. Muslim and non-Muslim scholars of history have appreciated, identified and recognized the extremely attractive Mughal signs, decorations and beautifications. It has been observed that Mughal architecture is not limited and specified to mosques only but has been used in all other Islamic buildings including their gardens. These signs and decorations have combined different features, eleme

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Faizi, Mohsen, Mehdi Khansari, M. Reza Moghtader, and Minouch Yavari. "The Persian Garden: Echoes of Paradise." Garden History 29, no. 2 (2001): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1587390.

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Abbas, Mohamed Yusoff, Nazanin Nafisi, and Sara Nafisi. "Persian Garden, Cultural Sustainability and Environmental Design Case Study Shazdeh Garden." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 222 (June 2016): 510–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.142.

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