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Journal articles on the topic 'Persian language in Pakistan'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Rácová, Anna. "Language as a Symbol of Identity and a Tool of Politics and Power in Pakistan and Bangladesh." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 67, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jazcas-2017-0008.

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Abstract This study aims to demonstrate the roles that domestic and foreign languages have played and play as signs of national or religious identity and social prestige and as tools of political and economic power in multilingual Pakistan and Bangladesh. Before the countries gained independence from the British Empire in 1947 and before the formation of the Indian Union and Pakistan (which was divided into Pakistan and Bangladesh in 1971), the role of an official language, remote to the majority of population in Indian subcontinent, had been gradually played by Sanskrit, Persian, and English. After gaining independence, the new countries decided to replace English as the official language with domestic languages. Their efforts encountered many problems and resulted in various solutions. Urdu became the state language in Pakistan, which caused resistance in local ethnolinguistic groups because the language had been imported by refugees from India. This resistance was the strongest in East Pakistan, where a strong national and language awareness eventually contributed to the formation of an independent Bangladesh with Bengali as the state language. Despite struggle for the dominance of domestic languages, English has preserved its prestigious position both in Pakistan and Bangladesh, as a symbol of higher social position, a language of education and science, and a tool of economic and political power.

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2

BEKEŠ, Andrej. "Foreword." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 3, no. 2 (December 9, 2013): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.3.2.5-6.

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I am glad to observe that in line with the original concept of ALA, papers chosen for publication in this issue are addressing a variety of problems pertinent to a multifaceted phenomenon such as language. There are five papers, two dealing with Japanese, one with Punjabi and two with Persian, employing multiple perspectives and methodologies.The first paper, by Irena SRDANOVIĆ and Kumiko SAKODA, is concerned with Japanese as a second language. In it the authors present a learner's corpus (C-JAS) based analysis of learner’s production of adjectives. They illustrate the general trend in adjective acquisition on the example of the adjective takai (high), examining the correlation of learners' ability with semantic domains covered in their use of adjectives. Paper also proposes new methodology to be further tested on a new larger learner's corpus now being developed at the National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics.The second paper, by LI Wenchao, is looking at Japanese from the historical perspective, focusing on verb compounds in Early Middle Japanese (ENJ). The author argues that verb compounds actually developed in EMJ, from a looser association of verbs in earlier stagers of Japanese. Through weakening, compounds develop in two directions, one where the first verb morphs into a prefix, and the other where the second verb is transmuting into a directional/resultative complement, a result in accordance with grammaticalization theory.In the third paper, the authors, Barirah NAZIR, Umair AFTAB, and Ammara SAEED, are dealing passionately with the language shift away from Punjabi. The situation of Punjabi is very complex, being the second major language in Pakistan and also one of the major languages India. The authors are focusing their research on Sargodha region of Pakistan, arguing, based on analysis of questionnaires and interviews, that Punjabi indeed is experiencing language shift, due to the shifting perception of the social role of rival languages, Urdu, the national language, and English, the official language of Pakistan. This result is surprising, since Punjabi in India does not seem to be experiencing a similar shift towards Hindi and/or English.The fourth paper, by the authors Mahla SAEDI, Fateme ALAVI, and Akram SHEKARIAN BEHZADI, is a psycholinguistic study of the rate and intelligibility of speech in hearing impaired Persian speaking pupils. Their findings confirm the expected lower performance of hearing impaired pupils as compared to normally hearing ones. The findings also show statistically significant difference between hearing impaired boys and girls, boys performing better in both speed and intelligibility. On the other hand, in the group of normal pupils, it is the girls that perform better than boys. It would be interesting to know what factors, most probably social, are responsible for such a difference.The last paper, by Azadeh Sharifi MOGHADDAM and Farimah Farrahi MOGHADDAM also deals with Persian. While pointing out the lively cultural contacts between Iran and France since the 17 c. the authors are examining the semantic change undergone by French loanwords in Persian during the last 150 or so years. To explain and categorize the changes the authors propose an elaborate synchronic model of semantic change, able to encompass all of the observed changes.

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Rasheed, Shumaila, Muhammad Zeeshan, and Najia Asrar Zaidi. "Challenges of Teaching English Language in a Multilingual Setting: An Investigation at Government Girls Secondary Schools of Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan." International Journal of English Linguistics 7, no. 4 (July 16, 2017): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v7n4p149.

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Baluchistan is a multi-linguistic and multi-ethnic province of Pakistan. In this region, the inhabitants for communication purpose speak a number of local languages such as Baluchi, Brahvi, Pashto, Saraiki, Punjabi, Urdu, Sindhi and Persian. Students who attend the government schools speak these languages. This study aimed to explore the challenges faced by the secondary school female teachers while teaching the English language in their multilingual classrooms. The purposive sampling was used and 10 government secondary school female teachers participated in the study. The data was collected through a semi-structured interview protocol and classroom observation checklist. The data was analyzed by using thematic analyses technique. The findings of the study revealed a number of challenges. Teaching English language in a multilingual context is an enormous challenge for the English teachers due to linguistic diversity in the classrooms. The students in the multilingual classrooms lack confidence to use English language because they hesitate to commit mistakes. The curriculum may be inappropriate for helping students to improve their English proficiency. In the multilingual classrooms code-switching is commonly used by the teachers to instruct the students. The study suggests that; the teachers may be trained to cope with the challenges they face in their multilingual classrooms.

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4

Aziz, Muhammad Abdul, Zahid Ullah, Mohamed Al-Fatimi, Matteo De Chiara, Renata Sõukand, and Andrea Pieroni. "On the Trail of an Ancient Middle Eastern Ethnobotany: Traditional Wild Food Plants Gathered by Ormuri Speakers in Kaniguram, NW Pakistan." Biology 10, no. 4 (April 6, 2021): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10040302.

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An ethnobotanical field study focusing on traditional wild food botanical taxa was carried out in Kaniguram, South Waziristan, Pakistan, among Ormur (or Burki or Baraki) peoples, which represent a diasporic minority group, as well as among the surrounding Pashtuns. Through sixty semi-structured interviews, fifty-two wild food plants (taxa) were recorded, and they were primarily used raw as snacks and cooked as vegetables. Comparative analysis found a remarkable overlap of the quoted plant uses between the two studied groups, which may reflect complex socio-cultural adaptations Ormur speakers faced. Ormur people retain a rich knowledge of anthropogenic weeds and the phytonyms reveal important commonalities with Persian and Kurdish phytonyms, which may indicate their possible horticultural-driven human ecological origin from the Middle East. Some novel or rare food uses of Cirsiumarvense, Nannorrhops ritchiana, Periploca aphylla, Perovskia atriplicifolia, Viscum album,Oxalis corniculata and Withania coagulans were documented. Since the Ormuri language represents a moribund language, still spoken by only a few thousand speakers in NW Pakistan and Afghanistan, it is recommended that the traditional bio-cultural and gastronomical heritage of this minority group be appropriately protected and bolstered in future rural development programs.

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5

Mostafa, Massrura, and Marium Jamila. "From English to Banglish: Loanwords as opportunities and barriers?" English Today 28, no. 2 (May 17, 2012): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078412000120.

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As a mother tongue English is the second most spoken language in the world. Chinese is the first, but English is far more widely spoken around the world. ‘Today English is spoken or written, with varying levels of fluency, by a third of the world's population’ (Crystal, 2010: 8). It has been accepted as the most common means for international communication worldwide. Hence, it occupies a special position as the international language of communication in almost all the countries of the world. Before 1971 in Bangladesh, English was used as a second language. It was first introduced when the country was a part of India when British imperialists mandated the teaching of English in 1835 throughout India. After its introduction in the curriculum, English consolidated its position as the language of the ruling class. It became the most important subject of study in the curriculum. Its dominance increased when it replaced Persian as the official and court language in 1837 and even further in 1844 when Lord Harding announced that Indians who had received an education in English would receive preference in all government appointments. However, towards the end of the British rule, a reaction arose against English education and the use of English generally. With the departure of the British rulers in 1947, English lost its earlier prominence and prestige. During the Pakistan period, when Bangladesh became a part of Pakistan (1947–1971), English retained its position as an essential subject of study. Learning English was still considered indispensable for social, intercultural and international communication, educational advancement, professional success and progress in life. In independent Bangladesh, English occupies the place of being the most important foreign language. It is taught and learned as a compulsory subject alongside Bangla, the first language, from the primary level up to the highest level of study.

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6

Afridi, Hikmat Shah, Manzoor Khan Afridi, and Syed Umair Jalal. "Pakhtun Identity versus Militancy in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and FATA: Exploring the Gap between Culture of Peace and Militancy." Global Regional Review I, no. I (December 30, 2016): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(i-i).01.

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The Pakhtun culture had been flourishing between 484 - 425 BC, in the era of Herodotus and Alexander the Great. Herodotus, the Greek historian, for the first time, used the word Pactyans, for people who were living in parts of Persian Satrapy, Arachosia between 1000 - 1 BC. The hymns’ collection from an ancient Indian Sanskrit Ved used the word Pakthas for a tribe, who were inhabitants of eastern parts of Afghanistan. Presently, the terms Afghan and Pakhtun were synonyms till the Durand Line divided Afghanistan and Pakhtuns living in Pakistan. For these people the code of conduct remained Pakhtunwali; it is the pre-Islamic way of life and honour code based upon peace and tranquillity. It presents an ethnic self-portrait which defines the Pakhtuns as an ethnic group having not only a distinct culture, history and language but also a behaviour.

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7

Arshad, Alia, and Farzana Shafique. "What do users prefer, card catalogue or OPAC?" Electronic Library 32, no. 3 (May 27, 2014): 286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-07-2012-0093.

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Purpose – The purpose of the study is to determine the most preferred catalogue format – card catalogue or online public access catalogue (OPAC) for searching library material in Oriental languages, i.e. Urdu, Arabic, Persian, Punjabi, Hindi, Sanskrit, Sindhi and Pashto of the Central Library, University of the Punjab, Lahore. It also explores the users’ searching behaviour for finding the library material in Oriental languages. Design/methodology/approach – A purposive sample of 100 respondents was chosen for this study. The questionnaire contained both close- and open-ended questions. SPSS (version 11.5) was used for quantitative analysis of data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for reaching conclusions. The qualitative data analysis software “X-Sight” was used for analysing the qualitative data. Findings – The study highlights the importance of both types of catalogue. Many of the findings of the study related to the card catalogue and OPAC are surprising when compared to their general perceptions. It is important to note that the users perceived the card catalogue as more effective for searching the library material in Oriental languages. However, they also face many problems while using both types of catalogues. Originality/value – It is the first study of its type in Pakistan that explored the users’ perceptions and behaviour of searching Oriental language material from the card catalogue and OPAC. The findings of the study are valuable for library management, not only at the Central Library of Punjab University but also for other libraries. These findings can help in making both card catalogue and OPAC more effective and user-centred. It will also assist them to improve weaknesses of both types of catalogues. Implications of the study – This study compares the users’ preferences for card catalogue and/or OPAC when searching Oriental language material. There are very few studies available on this subject and most of them are dated.

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8

Zaitseva, Lusia. "Gained in Translation: Faiz Ahmed Faiz’s Soviet Travels." Comparative Literature 73, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00104124-8738873.

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Abstract This article expands our understanding of cultural exchange between the Soviet Union and writers from the third world during the eras of Thaw and Stagnation. It examines Pakistani poet Faiz Ahmed Faiz’s little-known Urdu-language travelogue about his time in the USSR, Mah o sāl-i-āshnā’i: yādon kā majmūʻah (Months and Years of Friendship: Recollections; 1979), arguing that Faiz’s text is distinct from earlier, Western travelers’ accounts in its articulation of the complexities of his subject position vis-à-vis the Soviet state. It does so by translating his experience into the richly ambiguous Indo-Persian literary and cultural idiom. The article examines the ambiguities introduced into Faiz’s text through intertextuality with this idiom derived from the Persian dastān and Urdu ghazel traditions. With the help of both direct and indirect allusion to those traditions, Faiz’s complex attitude toward what Terry Martin has called the world’s “first affirmative action empire” and Nancy Condee has described as an “anti-imperial empire” comes most clearly into view. Ultimately, Faiz’s text suggests that socialist internationalism was not just a vertical structure controlled by Moscow but a horizontal network shaped by powerful cultural allegiances that were not easily overcome.

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9

Senda, T., T. Ohsako, and T. Tominaga. "Interspecific differentiation and phylogenetic relationships of poison ryegrass (Lolium temulentum L.) and Persian darnel (L. persicum Boiss. & Hohen. ex Boiss.)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 85, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): 963–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-075.

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To clarify the speciation and evolution of the inbreeding Lolium spp., poison ryegrass and Persian darnel, we analyzed genetic relationships using microsatellite and AFLP markers among accessions from Pakistan, where both species grow sympatrically or parapatrically. Dendrograms were constructed using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA), based on simple matching coefficient of similarity among 29 accessions of poison ryegrass and 16 accessions of Persian darnel. Most of the poison ryegrass and Persian darnel accessions were genetically divided into two clusters. One and two chloroplast RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) haplotypes were identified in poison ryegrass and Persian darnel accessions, respectively, from Pakistan, which correspond to each cluster or subcluster of dendrograms. Some accessions, morphologically identified as Persian darnel, belong to neither poison ryegrass nor Persian darnel clusters and locate in other cluster between them. Because this intermediate group had the same haplotype as poison ryegrass, shared almost all alleles with poison ryegrass and/or Persian darnel, and was genetically closer to poison ryegrass than to Persian darnel, we hypothesize that the intermediate group was derived maternally from poison ryegrass via hybridization with Persian darnel. Key words: AFLP, chloroplast DNA-RFLP, Lolium persicum, Lolium temulentum, microsatellite, phylogenetic analysis

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10

Kaye, Alan S. "Persian (review)." Language 80, no. 1 (2004): 170–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2004.0030.

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11

Chatziprokopiou, Marios. "FROM TESTIMONY TO HETEROGLOSSIA: THE VOICE(S) OF LAMENT IN WE ARE THE PERSIANS!" Acotaciones. Revista de Investigación y Creación Teatral 1, no. 46 (June 29, 2021): 151–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32621/acotaciones.2021.46.06.

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We are the Persians! was a contemporary adaptation of Aeschy-lus’s The Persians presented in June 2015 at the Athens and Epidaurus Festival. Performed by displaced people from Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh, and directed by Yolanda Markopoulou, the piece grew out of the Station Athens group’s five-year theatre workshops. Extracts from the original play were intertwined with performative material brought to the project by the participants: from real-life testimonies to vocal improvisations, poems, and songs in different languages. High-lighting the historical thematic of the play, this adaptation was presented as a documentary theatre piece, and the participants as ‘modern-day heralds’ who provided on stage ‘shocking accounts’ concerning ‘contem-porary wars’ (programme notes, 2015). After briefly revisiting the main body of literature on the voice of lament in ancient drama and in Aeschylus’s The Persians in particular, but also after discussing the recent stage history of the play in Greece, I conduct a close reading of this adaptation. Based on semi-directed interviews and audiovisual archives from both the rehearsals and the final show,I argue that the participants’ performance cannot be limited to their auto-biographical testimonies, which identify their status as refugees and/or asylum seekers. By intertwining Aeschylus with their own voices and languages, they reappropriate and reinvent the voice(s) of lament in ancient drama. In this sense, I suggest that We are the Persians! can be read as a hybrid performance of heteroglossia, which disrupts and potentially transforms dominant ways of receiving ancient drama on the modern Greek stage.

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12

Payesteh, Bita, and Lizbeth H. Finestack. "Influences of language input and production on the language skills of Persian-English bilingual immersion preschool children." Journal of Immersion and Content-Based Language Education 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 80–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jicb.18032.pay.

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Abstract The purpose of this study was to better understand bilingualism in Persian-English preschool-aged children, and how their language performance across two domains of language related to their language production and parental language input. Participants were 15, 2- through 5-year old Persian-English bilingual children attending a Persian immersion preschool in the U.S. The participants completed a battery of language tasks in English and Persian and participants’ parents provided language input and production information. Data indicate that greater input in the heritage language outside school, Persian, will likely lead to better Persian skills, while greater English input may negatively affect the children’s Persian skills. Participants received consistent native-level Persian input in school, yet the results suggest that Persian as a heritage language in the U.S. may be susceptible to the same vulnerability that affects other non-mainstream languages.

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13

Elyasisoren, Nasim. "History of Persian language scripts." International Journal of Sociology, Social Anthropology and Social Policy 1, no. 2 (2015): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2454-4833.2015.00022.4.

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14

Taleghani, Azita H. "On Persian Language and Linguistics." Iranian Studies 43, no. 5 (December 2010): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2010.518022.

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15

Beeman, William O. "Affectivity in Persian language use." Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 12, no. 1 (March 1988): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00047036.

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16

Azizov, Sultan Azizovich. "ARABIC LANGUAGE ELEMENTS IN PERSIAN." News of scientific achievements, no. 7 (2020): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36616/2618-7612-2020-7-6-9.

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17

Saher, N. U., N. U. Saher, O. Sahir, N. U. Saher, O. Sahir, H. T. Shih, N. U. Saher, et al. "On a new record of the genus Uca (Decapoda, Brachyura, Ocypodidae) found along the coast of Pakistan." Crustaceana 87, no. 6 (2014): 666–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003317.

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This is the first record from Pakistan ofUca iranicaPretzmann, 1971, a species that occurs in mangrove areas.U. iranicanow appears to be one of the frequently and abundantly distributedUcaspecies on the coast of Pakistan. This species was previously reported from the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf. To date, four species ofUcaknown from Pakistan have been confirmed.

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18

Durrani, Sundas Qayyum, Muhammad Bilal, and Inayat Kalim. "Pakistan-China Strategic Partnership: Capitalizing the Geo-Political Location of Pakistan." Global Regional Review II, no. I (December 30, 2017): 152–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2017(ii-i).11.

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The focus of global politics is shifting from the West to Asia as China plays a significant role in the ongoing competition on the global chessboard. This competition between the USA, the most powerful economy of the world, and China, an emergent powerful economy of the world, compels China to secure uninterrupted energy supplies from the Persian Gulf region for its oil driven growth. In the recent past, China’s new strategy has further cemented ties between Pakistan and China, who help each other in the changing geopolitical environment, through converging mutual interests. This paper highlights how geo-strategic positioning of Pakistan helps China fulfill its geo-strategic and geo-economic goals and how this development helps Pakistan to uplift socioeconomic development and safeguard its strategic interests in the Indian Ocean.

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19

Abbasi, Mohammad, and K. C. Shyamala. "Borrowed vocabulary from Persian language to English language." International Journal of Social and Economic Research 5, no. 2 (2015): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-6270.2015.00027.6.

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20

Majidi, Mohammad-Reza, and Elmar Ternes. "Persian (Farsi)." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 21, no. 2 (December 1991): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100300004461.

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21

Ain, Qurat ul. "Comparison between Pakistani Kashi Tiles and Persian Kashan Tiles." International Journal of Visual and Performing Arts 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31763/viperarts.v1i1.11.

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Kashi tiles are the traditional ceramic tiles of Pakistan. They have been produced in Pakistan (previously India) for centuries now; they were brought to India by Persian potters of city Kashan. This paper is in effort to remedy the regrettable absence of documentation of Kashi tiles in the heritage of Muslim enamel tiles. The purpose was to investigate the connection between Persian and Kashi tiles and analyze their similarities and differences. The hypothesis is investigated by literature review of different books and research papers and by interviewing Kashikar of Pakistan about their practices and they were studied and compared. The results and conclusions of this study are the ceramists have very limited knowledge and have refused to accept any new idea due to their loyalty to the craft. They believed in keeping the original recipe intact and have firmly refused to experiment and explore. These tiles were never exactly same to Seljuk blue and white tiles; and the forefathers of these ceramists had obviously studied their environment and experimented with local raw materials. However it is clear from the close remembrance in Design and color palate of these crafts that the original migrated potters were definitely recreating the blue and white craft of Persia, that was imitation of Chinese porcelain

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22

CANNON, G. "Persian Loans in the English Language." Orbis 40, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 147–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/orb.40.1.505043.

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23

Behrouzan, Orkideh. "Persian Blogs agains "The Dual Language"." Anthropology News 46, no. 2 (February 2005): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/an.2005.46.2.27.

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24

Nilipour, Reza. "Agrammatic language: Two cases from Persian." Aphasiology 14, no. 12 (December 2000): 1205–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687030050205723.

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Kandi, S. Gorji, M. Amani Tehran, N. Hassani, and A. Jarrahi. "Color naming for the Persian language." Color Research & Application 40, no. 4 (April 21, 2014): 352–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.21887.

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Hasanzade, R. "STUDYING THE LANGUAGE PECULIARITIES OF RUSSIAN ADJECTIVES WITH REGARD TO THE NATIVE LANGUAGE OF STUDENTS IN THE IRANIAN AUDIENCE." Philology at MGIMO 19, no. 3 (October 3, 2019): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2019-3-19-100-109.

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The article compares adjectives in Russian and Persian. Adjectives are considered primarily from a morphological point of view, and only then are analyzed from a lexico-semantic, syntactic and word-formative perspectives. Adjectives in the Russian language, unlike adjectives in Persian, have morphological properties such as case, number, gender, ending, brevity / completeness, etc. The absence of such morphological features in the Persian language complicates the process of studying parts of speech, and adjectives in particular. Therefore, in the first part of the article, more attention is paid to the morphological features of parts of speech in Persian. Then the adjectives are considered. Further, the features of adjectives in Persian and Russian are analyzed, opinions of both Iranian and Russian linguists are given. The article aims to answer a number of basic questions related to the peculiarities of adjectives in Russian and Persian. The conclusion contains the findings of the study.

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27

KHALAJI-PIRBALOUTY, VALIALLAH, and MICHAEL J. RAUPAH. "DNA barcoding and morphological studies confirm the occurrence of three Atarbolana (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cirolanidae) species along the coastal zone of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman." Zootaxa 4200, no. 1 (November 27, 2016): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4200.1.7.

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Two species of Atarbolana (Cirolanidae: Isopoda) from the intertidal zone of the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf were studied and redescribed. The known distribution of this small genus is limited to the northern areas of the Indian Ocean, from the Pakistan coasts to the Persian Gulf. The analyses of DNA barcodes as well as detailed morphological studies clearly support the existence of three distinct Atarbolana species along the coastal zone of the Persian Gulf and northern Arabian Sea. Furthermore, A. dasycolus Yasmeen, 2004 is synonymized with A. setosa Javed and Yasmeen, 1989.

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Firouzshahi, Narges, and Elena Babatsouli. "Iranian Persian." Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech 2, no. 1 (September 26, 2020): 137–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jmbs.18104.

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The present article proposes a sociolinguistic stance in the dissemination of information for use in the clinical context of speech language pathology (SLP) internationally. This practical guide to speech and culture aims to encourage the integration of linguistic and cultural facets in clinical practicum approaches, providing a useful and clinically relevant resource. This comes as a natural consequence of the systematic efforts worldwide to train and inform SLP workforces on providing equitable, targeted, and appropriate service to linguistically and culturally diverse clients such as minorities and immigrants. The specific focus of this guide is on Iranian Persian, a language and culture that is under-represented in published, clinically relevant literature. The paper provides an easily accessible reference manual on the phonological development and clinical assessment of Iranian Persian child speech in typical and atypical, monolingual and bilingual contexts, as well as on cultural aspects that may dictate the success of clinician and client/family interactions.

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29

Karimi-Doostan, Gh. "Lexical categories in Persian." Lingua 121, no. 2 (January 2011): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2010.06.014.

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30

Jam, Bashir. "Vowel harmony in Persian." Lingua 246 (October 2020): 102905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2020.102905.

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31

Ghomeshi, Jila. "Topics in Persian VPs." Lingua 102, no. 2-3 (July 1997): 133–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3841(97)00005-3.

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32

Family, Neiloufar. "Verbal islands in Persian." Folia Linguistica 45, no. 1 (January 2011): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin.2011.001.

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33

Izadi, Ahmad, and Farzaneh Zilaie. "Refusal strategies in Persian." International Journal of Applied Linguistics 25, no. 2 (May 13, 2014): 246–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12065.

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34

Lenepveu-Hotz, Agnès. "Evolution of the subjunctive in New Persian (10th–20th): From disappearance to reappearance." Folia Linguistica 39, no. 2 (October 25, 2018): 421–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flih-2018-0015.

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Abstract The subjunctive mood is not built with the same morpheme in Middle Persian as in Contemporary Persian. In Middle Persian it is marked with the suffix -ā- and with the prefix be- in Contemporary Persian. Based on a corpus of eleven texts, this article will demonstrate how the Middle Persian subjunctive disappeared and how a new subjunctive form was created in New Persian. Contrary to common belief, we will see that this modal opposition indicative/subjunctive does not exist during the intermediate stages, i.e. Early New Persian (10th–11th c.) and Classical Persian (12th–19th c.). Therefore, the first value of rhematicity of the prefix be- will be analyzed in order to explain its reuse as a modal marking, certainly with an intermediate step of perfectivity, as well as the dialectal variants in New Persian. Since this same exact evolution of disappearance and modal recreation is seen in other languages not related neither genetically nor geographically to each other, the Persian modal evolution may shed light on the reason for the reuse of an ancient present as a modal form.

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Parvaresh, Vahid, and Tahmineh Tayebi. "Vaguely Speaking in Persian." Discourse Processes 51, no. 7 (September 5, 2014): 565–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0163853x.2013.874545.

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Haddadian-Moghaddam, Esmaeil. "The Namesake in Persian." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 54, no. 2 (June 19, 2008): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.54.2.03had.

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Translation and literary translation in particular, no longer can be seen as a static activity. In Austermühl’s words, the antiquated image of a lone translator, armed only with a pencil or typewriter and surrounded by dusty books, is no longer realistic. The translators are now learning to apply the new communication technologies like Internet in their work. The web log as a recent phenomenon in the cyber world can be applied in literary translation. However, it has been overlooked in translation studies, partly, in author’s opinion, because of its novelty but to large extend, because of its popularity as a platform or a personal diary for the novice bloggers, the authors of the web logs. In this article, the application of a web log by an Iranian literary translator in his Persian translation of Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake is examined. By providing examples of the discussions between the translator and his visitors (readers), and by incorporating the web log in a model of translation studies, The Holmes–Toury map of translation studies, he tries to pinpoint the advantages of web log in literary translation in respect to its application as an online translation workshop. The author argues that the web log can be thoroughly applied in literary translation provided that the translator optimizes the quality of his web log or workshop by acknowledging the growing importance of new technologies available for him; and making informed decisions for the effective use of translation technology. What distinguishes the online translation workshop from its traditional one is its round-the-clock opening, facilitated interaction with the translator, absence of any formal setting and formality and instant access to available sources in Internet. The application of weblogs as an online workshop has some advantages for the literary translator: acting as a mediator between the translator and his potential readers; sharing the experiences, problems and seeking advice; and, creating a virtual, universal world around the translation which is bigger than his small, personal world.

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Karshenas Najafabadi, Hosna, and Juana Isabel Marín Arrese. "The conceptualization of love in Persian creative and communicative language." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.2.2.04kar.

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This paper is an attempt to study Kövecses’s (2000a) claim on the stability of emotion metaphors during time with regard to love metaphors in Persian language. In other words, the aim is to see whether love metaphorical expressions in Persian everyday language underlie the same conceptual metaphors in Persian creative language such as poetry. At the same time, we aim to see if similar conceptualization of love exists in English everyday language. Also the paper seeks to find the cognitive grounding of love metaphors in Persian according to Kövecses’s (2012) cognitive experiential basis of metaphors. The results of study indicate that both literary and ordinary love Persian expressions are built upon the same conceptual metaphors that account for love expressions in English everyday language too. Also, it was discovered that among four suggested ways of grounding conceptual metaphors, two of them were more likely to motivate love metaphors in Persian.

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Tamadon, Fahime, and Hossein Gholami. "The Comparative Analysis of the Imperative Mode Sentences in Persian Language." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 10, no. 3 (June 23, 2021): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9103-2021-10-3-44-50.

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The main question in this article is the consideration of sentences with incentive meaning in Persian. The article addresses the following issues: the concept of an incentive offer, means of expressing motivation in Persian and structure of incentive sentences in Persian. The novelty of the work is which examines incentive proposals in detail in Persian and describes the syntactic resources of named sentences in Persian and will find their possible equivalents in Russian. The object of work is syntactic and semantic properties of incentive sentences. The method of comparative analysis of examples and their translations is used to describe such sentences. As an example, the authors cite Persian sentences, including impulse meaning and this is the subject of research. The materials in our work are the works of Iranian and Russian linguists and grammarians working on this issue. The composition of the work is: introduction, main body, conclusion and bibliography. The article starts with an introduction and ends with a conclusion in which the authors summarize what have been said. The article is intended for students of the Persian language and for linguists who interested in the grammar of the Persian language.

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Saeed, Khawaja Amjad. "Economic Philosophy of Allama Iqbal." Pakistan Development Review 41, no. 4II (December 1, 2002): 973–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v41i4iipp.973-982.

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Allama Muhammad Iqbal, the thinker of Pakistan, was born on November 09, 1877. His poetry in Urdu (30 percent) and Persian (70 percent) inspired Muslim Ummah and played a vital role in the establishment of Pakistan. Of Course, the great and dedicated work done by Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the father of our Country, enabled the dream of Allama Muhammad Iqbal to crystallise in reality.

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Nerurkar, Sayali, and Deepak Apte. "New records and distribution extension of Nassarius persicus (Martens, 1874) and N. tadjallii Moolenbeek, 2007 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nassariidae) to India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 7 (June 26, 2021): 18846–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.6438.13.7.18846-18852.

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We report new findings of live specimens of Nassarius persicus (Martens, 1874) and N. tadjallii Moolenbeek, 2007, extending their range to the Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat, India. The known distribution of both species was limited: N. persicus was distributed in the Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, and Karachi in Pakistan; N. tadjallii was reported from the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. We also provide comprehensive taxonomic descriptions of both species, along with additional morphological and ecological information.

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Abdollahnejad, Elias, and Hamideh Marefat. "Relative clauses in Persian." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 40, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.00001.abd.

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Abstract This study is a corpus-based investigation of Persian relative clauses (RCs) used in written mode. 535 instances of RCs occurring in 1634 sentences in 40 editorials of four newspapers published in Iran were spotted and analyzed to determine the frequency of each RC type and the occurrence of certain features including complementizer ke, object marker râ, different representations of the relativised element in the modifying clause, and the status of gap and resumptive pronoun in the RC. The results indicated that subject RCs are the most frequent types. The tendency to use object marker râ before the modifying RC (Karimi, 2001) was confirmed. Besides, some tokens were witnessed contrasting Taghvaipour’s (2005) proposals on the ungrammaticality of resumption in Persian subject ordinary and object free RCs and the necessity of prefix hær- ‘ever’ in all Persian free RCs.

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Shariati, Mohammad, and Fariba Chamani. "Apology strategies in Persian." Journal of Pragmatics 42, no. 6 (June 2010): 1689–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2009.10.007.

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Tayebi, Tahmineh, and Vahid Parvaresh. "Conversational disclaimers in Persian." Journal of Pragmatics 62 (February 2014): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2013.09.011.

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Molaee, Zohreh, Hasan Asadzadeh, and Fariborz Dortaj. "Instructional Model for Motivating Persian Language Learners." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 112 (February 2014): 342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1173.

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Mirzaei, Azadeh, Fatemeh Sedghi, and Pegah Safari. "Semantic Role Labeling System for Persian Language." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 19, no. 3 (April 9, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3372246.

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Mohammadbagheri, Samira. "Control and Raising in Persian Language: A Comparative Approach." International Journal of Linguistics 8, no. 6 (December 20, 2016): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v8i6.10474.

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This paper provides a comparative analysis of PRO in Persian and English. How control structure in Persian differs from control structure in English is described in this paper in detail. Analyzing the kinds of verbs making this structure, a list of these verbs is presented. Then, according to the Landau (2004) and Hornstein and Boeckx (2003), a comparison between Control and Raising in Persian and English is made.

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Uktamova, Khilolaxon. "FARHANG -AS A GRAMMATICAL WORK OF THE PERSIAN-DARI LANGUAGE." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORD ART 5, no. 3 (May 30, 2020): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9297-2020-5-18.

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Farsi-ye Dari is a medieval name for modern Persian, Tajik and Dari. Over time, with the change of ruling dynasties and the collapse of states into independent states, the language split into three languages. It is well known that the first sources of Persian-Darius grammar, which are the roots of modern Persian, Tajik and Dari, are the farhangs.

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Shafiei, Samira, and Foroogh Kazemi. "Persian Clitics in Virtual Networks." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1010.17.

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Today, almost everyone is a virtual network user. Currently, almost everything is done through the internet and social networks occupy a large part of this space. Meanwhile, the telegram network is an environment that allows people to do advertising, training, etc. at the highest speed. The study of clitics is an issue that has always been of interest to linguists. This article examines the Persian clitics in the telegram virtual network. The theoretical framework for conducting the research is Zwicky′s classification (1977), and the data were collected by library method and analyzed by analytical method. The results of the research show that three types of simple, special and dependent clitics can be found in the studied corpus. These clitics, which prevent affixation, are used as an enclitic in Persian language. The findings include four types of simple clitics, two types of special clitics, and four types of dependent clitics, that each one has a different frequency. The results also indicate that the highest usage of the clitics is related to the dependent clitics and the lowest amount is related to the simple clitics in the whole corpus.

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Miangah, Tayebeh Mosavi. "Automatic lemmatization of Persian words*." Journal of Quantitative Linguistics 13, no. 1 (January 2006): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09296170500500884.

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Izadi, Mehri, and Nahid Yarahmadzehi. "The metalinguistic awareness of bilingual (Persian-Baluchi) and monolingual (Persian) learners of English language." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 10, no. 2 (September 27, 2018): 249–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.16012.iza.

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Abstract The present study aimed to explore the metalinguistic awareness of Persian- and Persian-Baluchi-speaking students who were in the process of learning English as their second and third languages, respectively. In order to study learners’ metalinguistic awareness in error identification, correction and explanation they were asked to complete a syntactic awareness test. Findings demonstrated that Baluch respondents noted and corrected a greater proportion of grammatical errors than Persian respondents in English. Moreover, Baluch participants had a more grammar-oriented approach in correcting the errors they noted than the Persian participants, whose approaches were relatively content-oriented for some errors. As for error explanation, Baluch participants produced a greater proportion of error explanations and had a more grammar-oriented approach than did the Persian participants, however, their differences in this case were not statistically significant. These differences were observed on the dimensions that were both similar and dissimilar across the three languages (Persian, Baluchi, and English).

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