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Journal articles on the topic 'Persimmon fruit'
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1
Vogrin, Andrej, Petra Marko, and Tatjana Unuk. "Sensory Evaluation of Dry Persimmons of the Tipo (Diospyros kaki L. f.) Variety." Agricultura 17, no. 1-2 (May 17, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/agricultura.17.1-2.1-8.2020.
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The study carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences of the University of Maribor aimed to evaluate the attractiveness of dried persimmon fruit depending on the method of preparing the fruit for drying. The methods varied in terms of the ripeness of the fruit, the thickness and shape of the slices, the presence of seeds (in fertilised fruits) and the presence of peel. Sensory evaluation was performed by students and staff, using a hedonic scale, where evaluators evaluated the appearance (shape and colour) and taste (sugar-acid ratio, texture, tartness, presence of fruit peel, and general impression) of the fruit. Dried unfertilized persimmons, with the presence of peel, cut into 3 mm thick slices, were given the highest score for overall attractiveness. In terms of taste, unfertilised, peeled persimmon slices scored the highest. Considering all parameters, the results showed that unfertilised persimmons were more suitable for drying and that the presence of the peel was not a disturbing factor for consumers.
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Kang, I. K., D. A. Starrett, S. G. Suh, J. K. Byun, and K. C. Gross. "PCR Amplification of Persimmon Fruit β-Galactosidase." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 818D—818. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.818d.
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We are studying β-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) in softening persimmon fruit (Diospyros kaki L.f. cv Fuyu) and hope to decrease the rate of softening by inserting an antisense construct of the β-galactosidase gene. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of persimmon fruit β-galactosidase was recently reported. Here we report the cloning of a putative β-galactosidase gene from persimmons. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers were synthesized based on the amino acid sequence. 5′-RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) was done using persimmon Poly A+ mRNA extracted using a phenol: chloroform/LiCl method. Purification was done on an oligo dT-cellulose column. A fragment of roughly 150 base pairs was purified by agarose gel electrophoresis and subcloned into the pCR-Script cloning vector from Stratagene. After sequencing and verifying the insert's identity, it will be isolated and used to screen a persimmon fruit cDNA library currently being constructed. Ultimately this cDNA clone will be used to make an antisense β-galactosidase construct that will be transformed into persimmon.
3
Pomper, Kirk W., Jeremiah D. Lowe, Sheri B. Crabtree, Jacob Vincent, Andrew Berry, Clifford England, and Krit Raemakers. "Ploidy Level in American Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) Cultivars." HortScience 55, no. 1 (January 2020): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14274-19.
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The American persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) is a slow-growing, moderately sized tree fruit native to the forests of Kentucky. This tree fruit is in the early stages of commercial production with many cultivars selected from the wild. Small orchards of commercially available cultivars are planted in Kentucky. Persimmons are normally dioecious, and female trees require cross-pollination to produce fruit. There are two races of persimmon: the tetraploid (60-chromosome) race is centered in the southern Appalachian region, while the hexaploid (90-chromosome) race generally occupies a range north and west of the tetraploid range. These ranges overlap in Kentucky. Because the ranges overlap, cross-pollination may cause sexual incompatibility, resulting in pollination without fertilization, and therefore seedless fruits of poor quality. The objective of this study was to assess the ploidy level of commercially available American persimmon cultivars and native Kentucky persimmon populations. Leaf samples were collected from 45 cultivars and advanced selections, as well as 45 trees from native populations in Bullitt, Barren, and Franklin Counties. Flow cytometer analysis showed that only four of the selected cultivars were from the tetraploid race: Ennis Seedless, Weeping, Sugar Bear, and SFES; the remaining cultivars were from the hexaploid race. Both hexaploid and tetraploid American persimmon trees were identified in the populations sampled in the Bullitt County locations, but only tetraploid races were found in Franklin and Barren Counties. Because pollen from native trees could result in seedless fruit formation of poor quality when native seedlings are used as pollinizers in commercial production of American persimmon, ploidy level of seedlings needs to be considered.
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Xu, Yang, Wenqiang Cheng, Chunyan Xiong, Xibing Jiang, Kaiyun Wu, and Bangchu Gong. "Genetic Diversity and Association Analysis among Germplasms of Diospyros kaki in Zhejiang Province Based on SSR Markers." Forests 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040422.
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In subtropical to temperate regions, persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) is an economically important fruit crop cultivated for its edible fruits. Persimmons are distributed abundantly and widely in Zhejiang Province, representing a valuable resource for the breeding of new cultivars and studying the origin and evolution of persimmon. In this study, we elucidated the genetic structures and diversity patterns of 179 persimmon germplasms from 16 different ecologic populations in Zhejiang Province based on the analysis of 17 SSR markers. The results show that there was a medium degree of genetic diversity for persimmon found in Zhejiang Province. With the exception of the Tiantai Mountain and Xin’an River populations, we found extensive gene exchange had occurred among the other populations. The 179 D. kaki germplasms from the 16 populations could be separated into three distinct clusters (I, II, and III) with a higher mean pairwise genetic differentiation index (FST) (0.2714). Nearly all samples of Cluster-I were distributed inland. Cluster-II and Cluster-III contained samples that were widely distributed throughout Zhejiang Province including all samples from the coastal populations and the Northeast Plain populations. In addition, we performed association mapping with nine traits (fruit crude fiber content, fruit calcium content, fruit water content, fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit aspect ratio, seed width, seed length, leaf aspect ratio, and number of lateral veins) using these markers. This led to the identification of 13 significant marker–trait associations (MTAs; p < 0.00044, 0.1/228) using a general linear model, of which, six MTAs with a correlation coefficient (R2) >10% were consistently represented in the general linear model with p < 0.00044 in the two models. The genetic structures and diversity patterns of the persimmon germplasms revealed in this study will provide a reference for the efficient conservation and further utilization of persimmon germplasms. The MTAs identified in this study will be useful for future marker-assisted breeding of persimmon.
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Kim, Yong-Koo. "UNIQUE FEATURE OF KOREAN FRUIT GROWING WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON PERSIMMONS, ORIENTAL PEARS, JUJUBE, AND DWARF APPLES." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 699e—699. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.699e.
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As Korea is located 33-38° latitude in north hemisphere, her capacity availing deciduous fruit growing is enough in allowing successful production of persimmon, oriental pear, jujube and dwarf apple. There are two kind of persimmons, sweet and astringent, and the majority of persimmon production is the sweet one owing to the higher price and consumer preferences. Astringent persimmons are dried after peeling and served as a traditional, popular fruit punch in Korea. The most popular oriental pear cultivar in Korea is Shinko (`Niitaka'), occupying 38% of the total pear growing area. This cultivar is extending its popularity in world trade with 4,361 tons of fruits exported to Taiwan, Singapore, USA, Netherlands, etc. The future of oriental pear is quite promising along with the increasing acknowledgement of its crispness among westerners as well as oriental people living abroad. Production status of jujube and dwarf apple, mostly `Fuji' and `Tsugaru' on M.26 rootstock, will be presented with describing merits and problems of their production.
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Monzon*, Maria, Bill Biasi, Shaojin Wang, Juming Tang, Guy Hallman, and Elizabeth Mitcham. "Radio Frequency Heating of Persimmon and Guava Fruit as an Alternative Quarantine Treatment." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 879C—879. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.879c.
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The Mexican fruit fly infests many tropical and subtropical fruits, consequently fruits must be treated for quarantine security. Although chemical fumigations are the most common quarantine treatments, interest in using cold and heat treatments has increased due to concerns over environment and human health. Recently, shorter heat treatments such as those provided with radio frequency (RF) energy have been studied on walnuts and various fresh fruits as a possible quarantine treatment. Preliminary studies with a heating block system showed that reaching temperatures of 50 °C with a holding period of 2 min. or 48 °C for 6 minutes was required to achieve 100% insect mortality of 600 third instar Mexican fruit flies (the most heat resistant insect stage). Doubling the holding time required to achieve 100% insect mortality would likely be necessary to provide for Probit 9 security. Fresh fruits such as persimmons and guavas are commonly infested by the Mexican fruit fly. Persimmon and guava fruit were treated with RF energy to temperatures ranging from 48 to 52 °C at different holding periods. After treatments fruit were evaluated for external appearance, decay, soluble solids, titratable acidity, internal flesh quality, and ethylene production and respiration rate. Persimmon fruit tolerated the lower temperature, 48 °C for up to 18 min., but temperatures above 50 °C for more than 1 minute caused internal damage. Preliminary studies with guava indicate that fruit may tolerate 50 °C, but fruit quality after storage is still to be evaluated.
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Golding, John B., Penta Pristijono, and Baogang Wang. "Effect of Phytosanitary Irradiation Treatment on the Storage Life of ‘Jiro’ Persimmons at 15 °C." Horticulturae 6, no. 4 (November 26, 2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6040092.
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Irradiation is becoming a more accepted phytosanitary market access treatment for some international horticultural trades. However, there is little information on the effects of phytosanitary irradiation treatment on persimmon fruit quality. ‘Jiro’ persimmon fruit were treated with an average of 769 Gray (Gy) at a commercial phytosanitary irradiation X-ray facility to examine the effect of this market access treatment on fruit quality during storage. After treatment, fruit were stored in air at 15 °C for up to three weeks. The results showed that, in general, there was no effect of irradiation treatment on fruit weight loss, calyx appearance, fruit firmness (objective and subjective), total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), internal appearance, and ethylene production rate. There were some treatment differences in fruit respiration rates and some aspects of fruit appearance and colour, where irradiated fruit had higher respiration rates and were slightly darker with higher levels of skin blemish, although these measured differences were not commercially significant. This study showed the promise of using low dose irradiation as a phytosanitary treatment for ‘Jiro’ persimmons, but more work is required to test other persimmon cultivars and other storage and marketing environments.
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Monzon, Maria E., Bill Biasi, Elizabeth J. Mitcham, Shaojin Wang, Juming Tang, and Guy J. Hallman. "Effect of Radiofrequency Heating on the Quality of ‘Fuyu’ Persimmon Fruit as a Treatment for Control of the Mexican Fruit Fly." HortScience 42, no. 1 (February 2007): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.1.125.
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The external and internal quality of ‘Fuyu’ persimmon fruit (Diospyros kaki L.) was evaluated after heating with radiofrequency (RF) energy to 48, 50, or 52 °C, holding at the target temperatures for durations ranging from 0.5 to 18 minutes, hydrocooling, and ripening at 20 °C for 12 days. These treatment conditions were identified for control of third instar Mexican fruit fly larvae (Anastrepha ludens). The treatments had no commercially significant effect on firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, or weight loss of the fruit. RF-treated persimmon fruit attained a deeper orange–red skin color than control fruit. There was a greater incidence of slight to moderate flesh browning in fruit heated to 50 and 52 °C as compared with 48 °C. Calyx browning increased slightly in all RF-treated fruit and was the highest in the longer treatments at each temperature. Heating persimmon fruit with RF to 48 °C and then holding for 6 or 12 minutes showed the least damage, and the latter treatment was longer than should be required for a quarantine treatment against the third instar Mexican fruit fly. Holding persimmons for 6.6 minutes at 48 °C should provide control of the Mexican fruit fly and maintain fruit quality. Confirmation tests with infested fruit should be conducted.
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Kou, Jingjing, Zhihui Zhao, Wenjiang Wang, Chuangqi Wei, Junfeng Guan, and Christopher Ference. "Comparative Study of Ripening Related Gene Expression and Postharvest Physiological Changes between Astringent and Nonastringent Persimmon Cultivars." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 145, no. 3 (May 2020): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs04896-20.
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‘Mopan’ persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) is a traditional astringent cultivar of persimmon and ‘Yoho’ persimmon (D. kaki) is a newly introduced Japanese nonastringent type of cultivar in northern China. Studies were conducted to investigate the physiological changes and expression of ripening-related genes in the postharvest process at different periods under the effects of endogenous ethylene in both cultivars. Persimmons were harvested and stored under room temperature for 20 days. An analysis of physiological changes showed significant differences between the two cultivars. Total soluble solids declined in ‘Mopan’ fruit, whereas those in ‘Yoho’ fruit increased during storage. Firmness, color, index of absorbance difference, total and soluble tannin contents, ethylene production, and respiration rates showed the same trend, but these values vary by cultivar. ‘Mopan’ fruit softened rapidly after harvest and attained edible quality in 20 days, with an increased rate of softening accompanied by increased expression of ripening-related genes. In contract, ‘Yoho’ fruit softening occurred slowly and did not soften even after 20 days, with minimal accumulation of the ripening-related genes. The information obtained from this study demonstrates that cell wall-hydrolyzing enzymes, the de-astringent process, and endogenous ethylene have critical roles in postharvest ripening, gene expression, and physiological property changes of ‘Mopan’ and ‘Yoho’ persimmon fruit during storage.
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IZUMI, HIDEMI, YUMI TSUKADA, JUTATIP POUBOL, and KAZUO HISA. "On-Farm Sources of Microbial Contamination of Persimmon Fruit in Japan." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.1.52.
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Potential sources of microbial contamination for persimmon fruit during growing and harvesting in the 2005 season were investigated to provide a baseline to design the good agricultural practices program for persimmons in Japan. Microbial counts in the peel of persimmon fruit during production season were close to or below 2.4 log CFU/g for bacteria and 3.0 log CFU/g for fungi but were above these values on harvested fruit. The counts in the flesh were below the detection level with all fruit. Bacteria and molds isolated from peel and flesh of persimmons during growing were phytopathogenic and soilborne organisms such as bacteria genera Enterobacter and Bacillus and mold genera Fusarium and Cladosporium, which were found in soil, weeds, agricultural water, and pesticide solution throughout the production season. The agricultural water was one of the most important potential preharvest sources, because Escherichia coli O157:H7 was identified from agricultural water in May, and Salmonella was detected in agricultural water, pesticide solution containing the agricultural water for the mixture, and soil after application of the pesticide solution in June. Neither of the two pathogenic bacteria was detected in any of the fruit samples. Microbial counts and diversity in the peel of persimmons at harvest increased after contact with plastic harvest basket and container, which could be sources of contamination during harvesting. Therefore, monitoring and management on-farm should focus on agricultural water and harvest equipment as important control points to reduce microbial contamination on persimmons.
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Izumi, Hidemi, Kazuo Hisa, and Yukari Murakami. "Sanitation and Microbiological Quality in Production Field and Fruit-Packing Shed of Persimmon and Satsuma Mandarin in Japan." Microbiology Insights 1 (January 2008): MBI.S868. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/mbi.s868.
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The effects of sanitation treatments including chlorination (ca 10 ppm available chlorine) of agricultural water and ethyl alcohol (70%) spraying on packing shed equipment on microbial contamination on fruits and the environment were determined and compared with those in conventionally managed field and packing shed in persimmon and satsuma mandarin orchards. Chlorinated water reduced the microbial counts to levels below the lower limit of detection (1.4 log CFU/ml for bacteria and 2.0 log CFU/ml for fungi) in most agricultural water samples. Microbial counts of pesticide solution, which contained the agricultural water or chlorinated water for the mixture, were lower in sanitary field than in control field in both fruit orchards. The number of bacterial and mold species detected in agricultural water, chlorinated water, and pesticide solution were almost proportional to microbial counts in each sample throughout the year. The chlorination treatment of agricultural water tended to reduce the counts of mesophiles and fungi on the peel of persimmon fruit during production season. The ethyl alcohol spray treatment on packing shed equipment resulted in a substantial microbial reduction on plastic harvest basket and container in persimmon orchard and plastic harvest basket and container, gloves, scissors, and size sorter in satsuma mandarin orchard. The spray application on packing shed equipment reduced the counts of mesophiles and fungi on the peel of persimmon fruit by >1 log CFU/g. The number of satsuma mandarin packing shed equipment containing the species found on fruit peel was higher in control than in sanitary packing shed. No human pathogens such as verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella were detected in any of the fruit and environmental samples. These results indicate that uses of sanitizers such as chlorine for agricultural water and ethyl alcohol for packing shed equipment would be useful in a good agricultural practices program of persimmons and satsuma mandarin.
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Bejanidze, Irina, Tina Kharebava, Nargiz Alasania, Nato Didmanidze, and Nazi Davitadze. "INFLUENСE OF SEASONAL FACTOR ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PERSIMMON." CBU International Conference Proceedings 7 (September 30, 2019): 891–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v7.1471.
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Persimmon is one of the most popular and favorite fruits not only in Georgia, but also in other countries. People love it for its unique specific taste and high nutritional value. There are more than 500 types of persimmon, properties and tastes which depend on the persimmon growing conditions.
The purpose of this project was to study the persimmon fruit chemical composition, the regularity in the quantity changes of the bioactive substances and technical-economical persimmon parameters during its storage and technological processing; to develop a highly profitable and efficient composite production technology for a new assortment of products and high quality beverages. Organoleptic and chemical tests of 12 persimmon fruit varieties were made. The content and composition of sugars, polyphenols, pectin, and tanning substances, were defined; and the relation of these parameters to the fruit maturity degree, the dynamics of their change in the ripening and storage process were determined. In addition, we determined the content of sugars ( inverted, total, saccharose), tanning substances (free, total), polyphenols and nitrogen through a spectrophotometric method, dry solids through a refractometric method, pectin (total, soluble, protopectin) and acidity through a potentiometric method, and cellulose through a chlorite method. The feasibility of the persimmon fruit industrial processing was established. Persimmon fruit of Khachia and Khiakume varieties were proved to be the best raw material for the industrial production of a fruit alcohol and beverages. It should be noted here that persimmon fruit must be harvested in November when they have a dark orange colouring and their dry solids content reaches 18%, inverted sugars make up 16-16.5%, and the acidity is 0.12%. For concentrate production, persimmon must be harvested in October when the fruit are yellow and their tanning and colouring substances reach 1.24%, and pectin substances make up 0.77%. The fruit sugars are glucose and fructose, generally in equal quantities. Tanning substances, leicoantocianes, in particular, are responsible for the tart taste; the lower their content is, the less the tart taste is felt, moreover, ripe fruit are less tart in flavour which is due to the tanning substances getting bound with high molecular substances. All the 12 persimmon varieties cultivated in Georgia can be used as raw material, including substandard and overripe fruit that are not marketable and do not have a long shelf life.
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Omarov, M. D., and Z. M. Omarova. "Biological features of common persimmon (Diospyros virginiana L.)." New Technologies 16, no. 5 (December 31, 2020): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47370/2072-0920-2020-16-5-80-86.
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The article presents the results of long-term observations on the biology of common persimmon. Both positive and negative properties of this specie are given. Phenological indicators are provided: bud swelling, appearance of the first leaves, budding, flowering, fruit ripening. Diospyros virginiana L. is a hexaploid (2n = 90), however, it should be noted that along with the hexaploid race there is also a tetraploid one (2n = 60). Plants of this species are mainly dioecious, the flowers are bisexual. The flowering phase takes place in the first decade of June, which is one to two weeks later than that of the Eastern and Caucasian persimmons. The percentage of useful ovary is quite high and makes 27-29%. The fruit is smaller in size than the eastern persimmon, but three to four times larger than the Caucasian one. They have a spherical or conical shape, ranging in size from two to five cm in diameter. In a solid state, the fruits are very tart, but ripe fruits are very sweet, the sugar content reaches 20%. The ripening period is one and a half months. The number of seeds in the fruits is three to five pieces, they are larger in comparison with the seeds of the Caucasian persimmon. Diospyros virginiana L. is mainly found in the wild in the USA, where it is used as a rootstock on heavy, swampy soils for cultivated varieties of eastern persimmon, as it easily tolerates the proximity of groundwater, temporary flooding and river floods. In the Russian Federation, it is practically not used, since it is inferior in yield to plants grafted on Caucasian persimmon and forms a lot of growth. A great advantage of the common persimmon is its winter hardiness, it is much higher than that of cultivated varieties. It tolerates a drop in temperature to minus 25–280 С without any damage. In breeding, it is used to obtain varieties with high frost resistance to expand the cultivation area and move to more northern regions.
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Lo’ay, A. "CYANOCOBALAMIN CONTROL FRUIT RIPENING OF PERSIMMON FRUITS." Journal of Plant Production 1, no. 12 (December 1, 2010): 1653–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpp.2010.86609.
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González, Cristina M., Rebeca Gil, Gemma Moraga, and Alejandra Salvador. "Natural Drying of Astringent and Non-Astringent Persimmon “Rojo Brillante”. Drying Kinetics and Physico-Chemical Properties." Foods 10, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030647.
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Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.f.) crop has markedly increased in Spain, and “Rojo Brillante” persimmon is the main cultivated variety. This astringent cultivar requires de-astringency treatment before commercialization, which may involve an extra cost. Its short commercial season implies handling large volumes of fruits with consequent postharvest losses. Therefore, the development of derived added-value products is of much interest. In this study, astringent and non-astringent “Rojo Brillante” persimmons were dehydrated by following a natural drying method used in Asia. The drying kinetics and physico-chemical properties were analyzed for 81 days. The results indicated subsequent reductions in weight, water content, and water activity throughout the drying process, and the equatorial diameter decreased. All the employed thin-layer mathematical models were suitable for representing the drying characteristics of both products with similar behavior. The effective water diffusivity values were 5.07 × 10−11 m2 s−1 and 6.07 × 10−11 m2 s−1 for astringent and non-astringent persimmon samples, respectively. The drying treatment significantly decreased the soluble tannins content, and the astringent samples obtained similar values to those obtained for the non-astringent samples in 20 days. The external and internal flesh of the astringent fruit remained orange through the drying period, while brown coloration in the non-astringent fruit was observed after 57 drying days. Therefore, prior de-astringency treatment would not be necessary.
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Assumpção, Carolina F., Médelin M. da Silva, Vanessa S. Hermes, Annamaria Ranieri, Ester A. Ferreira, André Jablonski, Simone H. Flôres, and Alessandro de O. Rios. "Different Carotenoid Enrichment in Two Climacteric Fruits after Post- Harvest UV-B Treatment." Current Bioactive Compounds 16, no. 2 (April 23, 2020): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573407214666180807114449.
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Background: Ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation is a promising and environmentally friendly technique, which in a low flow rate, can induce bioactive compound synthesis. This work aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of post-harvest UV-B treatment in order to improve carotenoid content in climacteric fruits like persimmon and guava fruits. Methods: The fruits were harvested at commercial maturity and placed into climatic chambers equipped with UV-B lamps. For control treatment, the UV-B lamps were covered by a benzophenone film, known to block the radiation. This radiation was applied during 48 hours and fruits were sampled at 25, 30 and 48 hours of each treatment. HPLC analysis was performed to separate and identify carotenoid compounds from fruit skin after a saponification process. Results: Fruit from 30 hours treatment began to present a carotenoid accumulation since the majority of analyzed compounds exhibited its synthesis stimulated from this time on. In persimmon skin, it was observed that the maximum content was reached after 48 hours of UV-B treatment. Conclusion: These results suggest that this post-harvest UV-B treatment can be an innovative and a viable method to induce beneficial effects on guava and mainly on persimmon fruit.
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Domínguez Díaz, Laura, Eva Dorta, Sarita Maher, Patricia Morales, Virginia Fernández-Ruiz, Montaña Cámara, and María-Cortes Sánchez-Mata. "Potential Nutrition and Health Claims in Deastringed Persimmon Fruits (Diospyros kaki L.), Variety ‘Rojo Brillante’, PDO ’Ribera del Xúquer’." Nutrients 12, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051397.
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In Europe, nutrition and health claims made on food must be based on scientific evidence, which means a comprehensive evaluation by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) prior to authorisation. Processed foods are subject to numerous claims derived from the presence of bioactive compounds; however, natural food products, often the original sources of those compounds, are not habitually the subject of these claims. Although the consumption of persimmon fruit has important health benefits, up to date no specific health claims are authorised for this fruit. In this work, ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon fruits (Diospyros kaki L.), Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) ‘Ribera del Xúquer’ were characterized regarding the presence of fiber (soluble and insoluble), vitamin C (ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids), carotenoids (neoxanthin, violaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, β- carotene) and mineral elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ca, Mg, Na, K). Different fruit batches harvested in different seasons were analyzed by standardized analytical methods (Association of Official Analytical Chemists, AOAC), high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Based on the results, Persimon® is potentially able to show two nutrition claims “Source of fiber” and “Sodium-free/salt-free”. This work could set the ground for future studies and to start considering natural food products as candidates for the use of approved claims.
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Kurt, Ş., E. M. Soylu, and S. Soylu. "First Report of Black Spot Disease Caused by Alternaria alternata in Persimmon Fruits in Turkey." Plant Disease 94, no. 8 (August 2010): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-8-1069c.
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In recent years, postharvest rot symptoms have been observed in persimmon fruit (Diospyros kaki L.) during long storage in Hatay Province, one of the main production areas of Turkey. Infection appeared to begin through small cracks around and beneath the calyx. Symptoms developed as small, slightly depressed, dark brown spots. Slices of infected peel were surface sterilized in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and then incubated at 24°C in darkness for 7 days. Hyphal tips from the margin of each developing colony were subcultured on PDA. Fungal colonies were initially white, becoming olivaceous, and turning brown with age. Conidiophores were brown, short, simple, or sometimes branched. Conidia were obclavate, obpyriform or ellipsoidal with a short conical beak, and 18 to 32 μm long and 5 to 14 μm wide at the broadest point. The pathogen was identified as Alternaria alternata (Fr.:Fr.) Keissler based on morphological characteristics (2). Pathogenicity tests were conducted on previously wounded persimmon fruit (cv. Fuyu) by spraying 12 fruits with a conidial suspension (106 conidia per ml). Six control fruits were treated with sterilized water only. All fruit were kept in a moist chamber (100% relative humidity) at 25°C for 3 days, and then moved to a growth chamber at 26°C with a 16-h photoperiod. Many, small, and black sporulating spots were observed on inoculated fruit 5 days after treatment. After 21 days, these spots developed into lesions similar to those produced on naturally infected fruit. No lesions developed on the control fruit. A. alternata was reisolated from inoculated fruit. The disease was previously reported in Israel (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. alternata infecting persimmons in Turkey. References: (1) D. Prusky et al. Phytopathology 71:1124, 1981. (2) E. G. Simmons. Alternaria: An Identification Manual. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2007.
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Palou, L., C. Montesinos-Herrero, I. Tarazona, and V. Taberner. "Postharvest Anthracnose of Persimmon Fruit Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides First Reported in Spain." Plant Disease 97, no. 5 (May 2013): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-12-1044-pdn.
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Commercial production area and yield of sweet persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) in Spain has doubled in the last 10 years to more than 5,000 ha and 50,000 tons, respectively, mainly because of the high quality and consumer demand for the Valencian autochthonous cultivar ‘Rojo Brillante’ in European markets. In a recent survey of decay on ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmons stored in commercial packinghouses, fruit were found with disease symptoms of firm brown to dark brown round spots scattered on the fruit cheeks. Isolation of the potential causal agent (isolate IVIA QCV-2) was performed by disinfecting the surface of symptomatic fruit with alcohol, aseptically cutting pieces of infected peel tissue, and then plating them onto potato dextrose agar (PDA). The fungus grew fast, covering the entire plate surface (9 mm diameter) after 7 to 10 days of incubation at 25°C with cottony grayish mycelium that darkened with time. Masses of salmon-colored conidia were apparent in the center of some colonies. Conidia were one-celled, hyaline, aseptate, ovoid to oblong with rounded or obtuse ends, and 11.5 to 15.5 × 3.0 to 6.5 μm (n = 50). The identification of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. [synonym: Vermicularia gloeosporioides Penz.; teleomorph: Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H. Schrenk] was performed at the Instituto Valenciano de Microbiología (IVAMI, Bétera, Valencia, Spain) by macro and micro morphological observations and confirmed with the amplification and subsequent sequencing of the ribosomal DNA regions 5.8S-ITS2-28S, using the primers ITS3 and ITS4 (4). A representative nucleotide sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KC113600) and a BLAST search showed 99% identity with the strain C1254.3 of C. gloeosporioides (JX010153) (3). To fulfill Koch's postulates, selected healthy ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmons were surface sterilized by dipping them for 2 min in a 0.5% sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution and thoroughly rinsing with fresh water. Mycelial plugs (5-mm diameter) from the edge of 7-day old colonies of isolate IVIA QCV-2 grown on PDA at 25°C were aseptically transferred to skin wounds (one plug per fruit). Wounded but not inoculated fruit were used as controls. Persimmons were placed in three humid chambers that each contained four fruit and incubated at 20°C for up to 21 days. The experiment was repeated twice. While inoculated persimmons developed anthracnose disease in all cases and C. gloeosporioides was consistently reisolated from these fruit, no decay was observed on control fruit. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. gloeosporioides causing postharvest persimmon fruit rot in Spain. Persimmon anthracnose caused by this pathogen is well known in Asian countries such as China and Korea (1). This disease was also reported in Brazil (2). References: (1) J. H. Lee et al. Plant Pathol. J. 20:247, 2004. (2) M. A. S. Mendes et al. Fungos em Plants no Brasil. Embrapa-SPI/Embrapa-Cenargen, Brasilia, Brazil, 1998. (3) B. S. Weir et al. Stud. Mycol. 73:115, 2012. (4) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press Inc., San Diego, CA, 1990.
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Arnal, L., and M. A. Del RÌo. "Effect of Cold Storage and Removal Astringency on Quality of Persimmon Fruit (Diospyros kaki, L.) cv. Rojo Brillante." Food Science and Technology International 10, no. 3 (June 2004): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013204044824.
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Cold storage and removal of astringency effects on quality of persimmon fruit cv. Rojo brillante were determined. Persimmon fruit were stored at 1, 8, 11 and 15 ºC (85–90% RH) and after 6, 13, 20, 27 and 34 days of storage at these temperatures, astringency was removed. Fruit quality was assessed after the removal of the astringency and after a simulated retail storage period of 6 days at 20 ºC. Storage temperature affected fruit firmness, colour, appearance, acetaldehyde and ethanol production but not total soluble solids or flavour. Fruit stored at 15 ºC followed by 6 days at 20 ºC maintained the best commercial firmness and the lowest ethanol and acetaldehyde production. Chilling injury was observed after storage at 20 ºC on those fruits previously stored at 1 or 8 ºC.
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Kim, J., O. Choi, and J. H. Kwon. "First Report of Flyspeck Caused by Zygophiala wisconsinensis on Sweet Persimmon Fruit in Korea." Plant Disease 95, no. 5 (May 2011): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-10-0917.
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Sweet persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.), a fruit tree in the Ebenaceae, is cultivated widely in Korea and Japan, the leading producers worldwide (2). Sweet persimmon fruit with flyspeck symptoms were collected from orchards in the Jinju area of Korea in November 2010. The fruit had fungal clusters of black, round to ovoid, sclerotium-like fungal bodies with no visible evidence of a mycelial mat. Orchard inspections revealed that disease incidence ranged from 10 to 20% in the surveyed area (approximately 10 ha) in 2010. Flyspeck symptoms were observed on immature and mature fruit. Sweet persimmon fruit peels with flyspeck symptoms were removed, dried, and individual speck lesions transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) and cultured at 22°C in the dark. Fungal isolates were obtained from flyspeck colonies on 10 sweet persimmon fruit harvested from each of three orchards. Fungal isolates that grew from the lesions were identified based on a previous description (1). To confirm identity of the causal fungus, the complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequence of a representative isolate was amplified and sequenced using primers ITS1 and ITS4 (4). The resulting 552-bp sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. HQ698923). Comparison with ITS rDNA sequences showed 100% similarity with a sequence of Zygophiala wisconsinensis Batzer & Crous (GenBank Accession No. AY598855), which infects apple. To fulfill Koch's postulates, mature, intact sweet persimmon fruit were surface sterilized with 70% ethanol and dried. Three fungal isolates from this study were grown on PDA for 1 month. A colonized agar disc (5 mm in diameter) of each isolate was cut from the advancing margin of a colony with a sterilized cork borer, transferred to a 1.5-ml Eppendorf tube, and ground into a suspension of mycelial fragments and conidia in a blender with 1 ml of sterile, distilled water. The inoculum of each isolate was applied by swabbing a sweet persimmon fruit with the suspension. Three sweet persimmon fruit were inoculated per isolate. Three fruit were inoculated similarly with sterile, distilled water as the control treatment. After 1 month of incubation in a moist chamber at 22°C, the same fungal fruiting symptoms were reproduced as observed in the orchards, and the fungus was reisolated from these symptoms, but not from the control fruit, which were asymptomatic. On the basis of morphological characteristics of the fungal colonies, ITS sequence, and pathogenicity to persimmon fruit, the fungus was identified as Z. wisconsinensis (1). Flyspeck is readily isolated from sweet persimmon fruit in Korea and other sweet persimmon growing regions (3). The exposure of fruit to unusual weather conditions in Korea in recent years, including drought, and low-temperature and low-light situations in late spring, which are favorable for flyspeck, might be associated with an increase in occurrence of flyspeck on sweet persimmon fruit in Korea. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Z. wisconsinensis causing flyspeck on sweet persimmon in Korea. References: (1) J. C. Batzer et al. Mycologia 100:246, 2008. (2) FAOSTAT Database. Retrieved from http://faostat.fao.org/ , 2008. (3) H. Nasu and H. Kunoh. Plant Dis. 71:361, 1987. (4) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1990.
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Tomkins, A. R., D. J. Wilson, C. Thomson, and P. Allison. "Tydeid mites on persimmons." New Zealand Plant Protection 53 (August 1, 2000): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2000.53.3635.
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Tydeid mites (Orthotydeus californicus and O caudatus) occasionally contaminate persimmon fruit Their abundance and phenology on fruit from persimmon (Diospyros kaki) trees in Whangarei Pukekohe Morrinsville Bay of Plenty and Gisborne was investigated over three seasons (1995/96 1996/97 and 1997/98) Few mites were found on fruit from all districts except Bay of Plenty and Gisborne Fruit contamination began in December peaked in February declined from March or April and varied considerably between seasons Mite abundance on persimmon trees was not related to their proximity to poplar shelter trees a suspected source of the mites
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Tomkins, A. R., D. J. Wilson, C. Thomson, and P. Allison. "Incidence of armoured scale insects on persimmons." New Zealand Plant Protection 53 (August 1, 2000): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2000.53.3637.
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The incidence of armoured scale insects infesting persimmons (Diospyros kaki) grown in five districts (Whangarei (Northland) Pukekohe (South Auckland) Morrinsville (Waikato) Maketu (Bay of Plenty) and Gisborne (Poverty Bay)) was investigated over three growing seasons (1995/96 1996/97 and 1997/98) Three species of armoured scale insects were found on persimmon fruit greedy scale (Hemiberlesia rapax) latania scale (H lataniae) and oleander scale (Aspidiotus nerii) The species composition differed between districts with latania scale the most common species recorded overall Fruit were infested by the first and second generations of all three species Latania scale infested a higher proportion of leaves than fruit
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Blasco, Manuel, Francisco Gil-Muñoz, María del Mar Naval, and María Luisa Badenes. "Molecular Assisted Selection for Pollination-Constant and Non-Astringent Type without Male Flowers in Spanish Germplasm for Persimmon Breeding." Agronomy 10, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): 1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081172.
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Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb) species is a hexaploid genotype that has a morphologically polygamous gyonodioecious sexual system. D. kaki bears unisexual flowers. The presence of male flowers resulted in the presence of seeds in the varieties. The fruits of persimmon are classified according to their astringency and the pollination events that produced seeds and modify the levels of astringency in the fruit. The presence of seeds in astringent varieties as pollination variant astringent (PVA), pollination variant non-astringent (PVNA) and pollination constant astringent (PCA) resulted in fruits not marketable. Molecular markers that allow selection of the varieties according to the type of flowers at the plantlet stage would allow selection of seedless varieties. In this study, a marker developed in D. lotus by bulk segregant analysis (BSA) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, named DlSx-AF4, has been validated in a germplasm collection of persimmon, results obtained agree with the phenotype data. A second important trait in persimmon is the presence of astringency in ripened fruits. Fruits non-astringent at the ripen stage named pollination constant non-astringent (PCNA) are the objective of many breeding programs as they do not need removal of the astringency by a postharvest treatment. Astringency in the hexaploid persimmon is a dominant trait. The presence of at least one astringent allele confers astringency to the fruit. In this paper we checked the marker developed linked to the AST gene. Our goal has been to validate both markers in germplasm from different origins and to test the usefulness in a breeding program.
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Eshel, Dani, Ruth Ben-Arie, Amos Dinoor, and Dov Prusky. "Resistance of Gibberellin-Treated Persimmon Fruit to Alternaria alternata Arises from the Reduced Ability of the Fungus to Produce Endo-1,4-β-Glucanase." Phytopathology® 90, no. 11 (November 2000): 1256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2000.90.11.1256.
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Black-spot symptoms, caused by Alternaria alternata, developed in persimmon fruits during prolonged storage at -1°C. A preharvest treatment with gibberellic acid (GA3) extended the storage life of the fruit by delaying both black-spot development and fruit softening. Conversely, treatment of persimmon fruits with paclobutrazol (PBZ), an inhibitor of gibberellin (GA) synthesis, enhanced black-spot development and fruit softening during storage. Production of endo-1,4-β-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4, EG) by A. alternata in culture and in the presence of cell walls from PBZ-treated fruits as the carbon source, was enhanced by 150% over production in the presence of cell walls from control fruits, whereas endoglucanase (EG) production in the presence of cell walls from GA3-treated fruits was reduced by 49% relative to controls. To determine the importance of EG in symptom development, A. alternata EG was purified from a culture-inducing medium. It had a molecular mass of 41 kDa, its optimal pH and temperature for activity were 5.5 and 47°C, respectively, and the pI was 4.3. Its Km and Vmax were 0.43 mg ml-1 and 18 μmol reducing groups minute per milligrams of protein, respectively. The internal sequence of a 21-mer amino acid peptide from the purified EG showed 62% similarity and 38% identity to the EG-1 of Trichoderma reesei and of T. longibrachiatum. Purified EG induced black-spot symptoms on the fruit, similar to those caused by A. alternata, whereas boiled enzyme caused only pricking signs. Our results suggest that the black-spot symptoms caused by A. alternata, in persimmon, are related to the ability of the fungus to produce EG in developing lesions.
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Murakami, Yukari, Yoshihiko Ozaki, and Hidemi Izumi. "Microbiological and Physicochemical Quality of Enzymatically Peeled Persimmon Fruit for Fresh-cut Slices." HortScience 47, no. 3 (March 2012): 382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.3.382.
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Enzymatic peeling of ‘Fuyu’ and ‘Tone-wase’ persimmon fruit was conducted for production of fresh-cut slices, and the microbiological and physicochemical quality of enzyme-peeled fresh-cut slices was compared with that of slices manually peeled with a knife. The enzymatic peeling process involved a porous treatment of the peel, heating at 100 °C for 45 s, infusion with 3% protopectinase at 37 °C for 3 h, and rinsing under running tap water. Initially, the peel of ‘Fuyu’ persimmon fruit had microbial counts ranging from 3.9 to 4.2 log cfu·g−1 and a diverse microflora. The heating treatment before the enzymatic peeling process reduced the microbial counts in both the peel and flesh of all fruits to levels below the lower limit of detection. After the enzyme infusion followed by gentle rinsing with tap water, microbial counts of enzyme-peeled fruit were close to or below the level of detection. When microbial contamination of enzyme-peeled and knife-peeled ‘Fuyu’ and ‘Tone-wase’ persimmon slices was compared, the bacterial counts and diversity of bacterial and fungal flora were less in enzyme-peeled slices than in knife-peeled slices. With ‘Tone-wase’ slices, the color index, pH, and texture were unaffected by enzymatic peeling, except for surface lightness, which was lower in enzyme-peeled slices than in knife-peeled slices. These results indicate that enzymatic peeling could be an alternative to knife-peeling of ‘Tone-wase’ persimmon fruit for fresh-cut production from the point of microbiological and physicochemical quality.
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Orihuel-Iranzo, B., M. Miranda, L. Zacarías, and M. T. Lafuente. "Temperature and Ultra Low Oxygen Effects and Involvement of Ethylene in Chilling Injury of ‘Rojo Brillante’ Persimmon Fruit." Food Science and Technology International 16, no. 2 (April 2010): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013209353221.
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The effects of storage temperature, inhibition of ethylene action by treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and ultra low oxygen (ULO) atmosphere on chilling injury (CI), fruit firmness and ethylene production in the astringent ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon fruit were investigated. CI symptoms were manifested as a very dramatic loss of firmness after fruit transfer from cold storage to shelf-life conditions (18 °C). During cold storage, fruit softening appeared more rapidly in fruit stored at the intermediate temperature of 10 °C than at 1°C or 14.5 °C. Ethylene production increased with storage time at the chilling temperature (1 °C) but a sharp increase took place upon fruit transfer from 1 °C to ambient temperature. This ethylene increase was accompanied by a loss of fruit firmness associated with chilling damage development. A pre-treatment with the competitive inhibitor of ethylene action 1-MCP, at 1 μL/L, reduced firmness loss and mitigated CI damage but considerably increased ethylene production in fruit transferred to shelf-life conditions after a prolonged cold storage period. Collectively, these results suggest a role of ethylene in the reduction of flesh firmness and consequently in the induction of CI in persimmon fruit. Moreover, ethylene exerts a negative feedback regulation of cold-induced ethylene biosynthesis. Storage of ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon fruit under ULO (1.3—1.8% O2, v/v) atmosphere did not affect the incidence of CI but reduced fruit astringency, suggesting that ULO may be an alternative postharvest storage system for ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon fruit.
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Pérez-Munuera, Isabel, Isabel Hernando, Virginia Larrea, Cristina Besada, Lucía Arnal, and Alejandra Salvador. "Microstructural Study of Chilling Injury Alleviation by 1-Methylcyclopropene in Persimmon." HortScience 44, no. 3 (June 2009): 742–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.3.742.
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The storage of persimmon cv. Rojo Brillante (Diospyros kaki L.) at low temperatures is limited by the susceptibility to chilling injury (CI), the main symptom being a drastic reduction of firmness when the fruit are transferred from low to moderate temperature. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an ethylene action inhibitor, has been shown to alleviate CI of persimmon, prolonging the storage period. In this article, the microstructural changes produced in the flesh of chilling-injured persimmon and fruit treated with 1-MCP were studied. The drastic softening displayed by chilling-injured fruit was related to a loss of cell wall integrity as well as to low intercellular adhesion. 1-MCP treatment alleviated CI by preserving the fruit firmness; it was linked to a preservation of the cell wall's integrity and to a higher intercellular adhesion observed during storage at low temperatures as well as when fruit were transferred to shelf temperatures.
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Eshel, Dani, Itay Miyara, Tong Ailing, Amos Dinoor, and Dov Prusky. "pH Regulates Endoglucanase Expression and Virulence of Alternaria alternata in Persimmon Fruit." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 15, no. 8 (August 2002): 774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2002.15.8.774.
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The phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata produces one endo-1,4-β-glucanase, AaK1, which is an important factor in disease development in persimmon fruit. During growth of A. alternata in media containing acidified yeast extract or cell walls from persimmon fruit, the fungus secreted ammonia and raised the medium pH. A rise in media pH from 3.8 to 6.0 in the presence of cell walls induced the expression of AaK1, whereas a glucose-induced decline in pH to 2.5 repressed transcription and enzymatic production. Treatments with buffered solutions at pH 6.0 during growth of A. alternata in the presence of glucose derepressed AaK1 expression and endo-1,4-β-glucanase production and enhanced decay development on the fruit. The results suggest that conditions affecting environmental pH modulate gene expression of AaK1 and virulence of A. alternata in persimmon fruit.
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Rozana, Rozana, and Lorine Tantalu. "PRODUKSI KESEMEK NON-ASTRIGENSI DENGAN PERLAKUAN HOT WATER TREATMENT DAN APLIKASI KOH." Journal of Food Technology and Agroindustry 1, no. 1 (May 14, 2019): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24929/jfta.v1i1.688.
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The treatment that is often used by farmers and persimmon collectors for local consumption in Indonesia is by immersion in quicklime (building lime) so as to produce powdery persimmon fruit that covers the color of mature persimmon fruit which is usually bright yellow to orange. This study aims to obtain the best treatment to produce persimmon according to the quality requirements desired by consumers through KOH application treatment to obtain bright and attractive colors, Hot Water Treatment (HWT) for relieving soreness and disinfecting pests, and soaking in lime solution to maintain texture fruit. The experimental design of this study was Factorial Randomized Group Design with 2 factors, namely the immersion time of hot water 46 0C (HWT) and KOH application. The first factor has three levels of treatment, namely without HWT (A1), 5 minutes (A2), and 10 minutes (A3). The second factor has two levels, namely without applying (B1) and applying KOH (B2). Quality observations include measurements of weight loss, color, hardness, and total dissolved solids. The 5-minute HWT treatment and KOH application gave a significant effect on several parameters, namely weight loss, hardness, and total dissolved solids but were unable to extend the shelf life of persimmon.
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Yonemori, Keizo, Junya Yoshida, Ayako Ikegami, Akihiko Sato, Masahiko Yamada, and Akira Kitajima. "(110) Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH) Analysis for Detecting Genes Involved in Condensed Tannin Accumulation in Persimmon Fruit." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1040B—1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1040b.
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Pollination-constant and non-astringent (PCNA)-type persimmon has probably originated from astringent (non-PCNA)-type as a mutant that terminates condensed tannin accumulation at an early stage of fruit development. This trait is confirmed to be recessive and is controlled by a single locus. Since PCNA-type fruit stops tannin accumulation at an early stage, comparison of the gene expressions between PCNA- and non-PCNA-type will reveal the genes conferring condensed tannin accumulation in persimmon fruit. We performed suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) analysis for detecting differentially expressed genes in non-PCNA-type fruit using BC1 offspring from a cross between PCNA `Fuyu' and non-PCNA “275-13” (F1 progeny derived from non-PCNA `Aizumishirazu' × PCNA `Taishu'). Fruits from seven individuals of PCNA or non-PCNA offspring in BC1 were sampled at early two stages of fruit development and total RNA was extracted by hot borate method from each fruit of different stage. Then, RNA was pooled as PCNA or non-PCNA bulk at two stages and cDNA was synthesized from each bulk for SSH analysis. A total of 5000 clones expressed differentially in non-PCNA-type fruit were picked from SSH library of two stages and 198 positive clones confirmed by differential screening were sequenced. The homologous sequences for the genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis (CHS, CHI, F3H, F3'5'H, DFR, UFGT, and ANS) were obtained from the clones. The genes that are not considered to be involved in flavonoid biosynthesis so far (SCPL and DHQ) were also detected with high frequencies. We will discuss the role of these genes for condensed tannin accumulation in persimmon fruit.
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Kim*, Wol-Soo, and Young Kim. "Effect of Soluble Calcium and IBA Treatments on Fruit Characteristics and Browning of Blossom End Part in `Fuyu' Sweet Persimmon." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 814F—815. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.814f.
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Sweet persimmon, `Fuyu', is the major cultivar for MA storage, but browning of blossom end part (BBEP) and darkening are occurring during storage and decrease fruit qualities in fresh fruit markets in Korea. The symptom of BBEP of fruit started to occur on the blossom end part and spread to the middle and stem end part. These fruits lose their marketable values. Calcium has very important role in cell membrane in physical and physiological. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soluble Ca treatments of fertigation (FG) and foliar application (FA) on soil properties, tree growth and fruit quality and on the occurrence of BBEP. Ca content was high in Ca FA and Ca + IBA FG compared to other treatments. This increase might affect the soil pH, and so pH followed the same pattern of Ca content in soil. In leaves and fruits, Ca content was much higher in Ca Ca FA and Ca + IBA, Ca FG, respectively. Ca content in fruit parts showed stem end part “middle part” blossom end part. In fruit quality, fruit firmness, soluble solid content and fruit weight did not show any tendency in treatments. The occurrence rate of BBEP was very low 14% in Ca FA and 20% in Ca FG than 50% in control. These results showed that Ca content in soil, leaves and fruits was increased by soil FG and FA and the increased Ca content in blossom end part have a negative relationship with BBEP in sweet persimmon.
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Nasr, Fahimeh, Mirian Pateiro, Vali Rabiei, Farhang Razavi, Steven Formaneck, Gholamreza Gohari, and José M. Lorenzo. "Chitosan-Phenylalanine Nanoparticles (Cs-Phe Nps) Extend the Postharvest Life of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) Fruits under Chilling Stress." Coatings 11, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11070819.
Full textAbstract:
There are high levels of damage imposed on persimmon fruit postharvest, especially after storing it in cold storage, which causes chilling injury (CI). To reduce this stress on the fruit, the conventional way is to use chemical treatments. Since there is a limitation in the use of chemical materials, it is necessary to apply non-harmful treatments to decrease chilling injury and maintain the quality of persimmon in cold storage. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of chitosan-loaded phenylalanine nanoparticles (Cs-Phe NPs) (2.5 and 5 mM) on physiochemical and quality factors of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) during 45 days of storage at 4 °C (38 °F) and evaluate the impact of Cs-Phe NPs on the preserving quality in order to reduce the chilling injury of this fruit. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments were applied at 15, 30, and 45 days after storage at 4 °C with ≥90% relative humidity. The size of Cs-Phe NPs was less than 100 nm, approximately. The results showed that application of 5 mM of Cs-Phe NPs delayed the negative effects of chilling stress and enhanced antioxidant capacity, firmness, and total soluble solids of persimmon fruit. Lower H2O2 and malonaldehyde (MDA) accumulation along with higher soluble tannin and total carotenoid accumulation in persimmon fruit treated with 5 mM Cs-Phe NPs was also observed. Fruit coated using Cs-Phe NPs in both concentrations (2.5 and 5 mM) showed the highest antioxidant enzyme activity for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and the lowest for polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and chilling injury during storage. According to our results, 5 mM of Cs-Phe NPs could be considered as the best treatment under chilling-stress conditions.
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Williamson, S. M., and T. B. Sutton. "First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum acutatum on Persimmon Fruit in the United States." Plant Disease 94, no. 5 (May 2010): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-5-0634a.
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Persimmon trees are important for their fruit as well as their colorful fruit and foliage in the fall. Persimmon fruit (Japanese persimmon, Diospyros kaki cv. Fuyu) were collected in November 2008 from a tree in Windsor, NC, located in the Coastal Plain. Fruit were not symptomatic on the tree but developed dark lesions after harvest. Isolations from six fruit yielded seven isolates of Colletotrichum acutatum J. H. Simmonds. After incubation at 25°C under continuous light for 15 days on potato dextrose agar (PDA), all isolates had gray aerial mycelium, but the inverse sides of the plates of six isolates were maroon and one was beige. Masses of salmon-colored conidia were formed first in the center of the colonies, then were observed scattered across the colonies in older cultures. Conidia were hyaline, one-celled, elliptic with one or both ends pointed, and measured 8.1 to 16.3 × 3.1 to 5 μm. Setae and sclerotia were not observed. There were also dark structures measuring 1 to 10 mm that were partially embedded in the agar that contained conidia. Cultural and conidial characteristics of the isolates were similar to those of C. acutatum (3). PCR amplification was performed with the species-specific primer pair CaInt2/ITS4 (2) and genomic DNA from the original isolates and isolates obtained from inoculated fruit. An amplification product of approximately 490 bp, which is specific for C. acutatum, was observed. To fulfill Koch's postulates, persimmon fruit obtained from the grocery store were surface disinfested with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and sterile filter paper disks dipped in conidial suspensions (1 × 105 conidia/ml) of two C. acutatum isolates (maroon and beige reverse) or sterile, deionized water were placed on the fruit. Three fruit were inoculated per treatment and the disks were placed on four locations on each fruit. Parafilm was wrapped around the diameter of the fruit to keep the filter paper disks moist and in place. Fruit were placed in moist chambers and incubated at 25°C. After 3 days, the Parafilm was removed and the fruit returned to the moist chambers. Small, dark lesions were observed on fruit inoculated with each isolate of C. acutatum when the filter paper disks were removed. Ten days after inoculation, dark lesions and acervuli with salmon-colored masses of conidia were observed on fruit inoculated with both isolates of C. acutatum and the fruit were soft. After 12 days, there were abundant masses of conidia and the inoculated areas were decayed. Control fruit remained firm and did not develop symptoms. Cultures obtained from the fruit and the conidia produced were typical of the isolates used to inoculate the fruit. C. acutatum has been reported to cause fruit rot on persimmon fruit in New Zealand (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. acutatum on persimmon fruit in the United States. References: (1) R. Lardner et al. Mycol. Res. 103:275, 1999. (2) S. Sreenivasaprasad et al. Plant Pathol. 45:650, 1996. (3) B. C. Sutton. Page 523 in: Coelomycetes. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Great Britain. 1980.
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Glover, Benjamin J., Tina M. Waliczek, and Jean-Marc Gandonou. "Self-reported Willingness to Pay for Texas Persimmon Fruit as a Food Source." HortTechnology 24, no. 5 (October 2014): 580–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.5.580.
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The purpose of this study was to test the consumer-stated willingness to pay (WTP) of a native Texas plant fruit product, texas persimmon (Diospyros texana), for the restaurant industry, as well as for the consumer market. Farmers’ markets and restaurants specializing in either local foods, organic foods, or both were the focus of the market samples. Responses were gathered from five cities located in the geographic area of central Texas where the fruit is native including: San Marcos, Austin, New Braunfels, Wimberley, and Bastrop. About 400 quantitative survey responses were collected from farmers’ markets consumers during market days. Seven interviews collecting qualitative responses from restaurateurs provided more in-depth data on the value of the product to specialty restaurants. Restaurateurs responded positively to the texas persimmon and stated they would be willing to pay between $3.59 and $3.69/lb of texas persimmon. Results indicated the prime audience for the texas persimmon to be those who attend farmers’ markets in the age group of 25–34 years who value locally produced foods and are concerned about the environment. Farmers’ market consumers were willing to pay prices similar to specialty fruit prices.
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Ryndin, A. V., N. G. Zagirov, and N. A. Ibragimov. "BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE INTRODUCED VARIETIES OF EASTERN PERSIMMON IN THE DRY SUBTROPICS OF SOUTHERN DAGESTAN." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 3 (June 14, 2019): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-3-116-120.
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The aim of the research is to study the characteristics of growth, development and biochemical composition of the introduced varieties of eastern persimmon in the conditions of Southern Dagestan. Long-term studies for 2015-2018 were carried out with the use of generally accepted programs and classical methods of sorting and selection studies. As a result, the biological features of the passage of phenological phases of development of introduced varieties of persimmon eastern specific territory were studied to optimize plantings in industrial plantations and peasant farms, persimmon varieties were proposed that are characterized by valuable economic and biological characteristics and properties with the aim of increasing yields, where the fruit harvest from 1 tree and the yield from 1 ha is allocated the East Hiakume persimmon variety (317.2 g; 58.6 kg and 293.0 c/ha). According to the peculiarities of growth and development in cultivation in the conditions of Southern Dagestan, it was found that the highest height of the tree is the Hachia variety (4.74), the crown diameter the Giro variety (4.26), and the trunk circle the Hachia variety (31.7 cm). A biochemical analysis of the fruits of the main assortment of Eastern persimmon fruits was performed, which showed that the Hachia variety was distinguished by the dry matter content, the amount of sugars and vitamin C (19.3%, 13.6% and 46.5 mg%, respectively).
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Baswarsiati, NFN, NFN Suhardi, and D. Rahmawati. "Potensi dan Wilayah Pengembangan Kesemek Junggo." Buletin Plasma Nutfah 12, no. 2 (October 6, 2016): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/blpn.v12n2.2006.p56-61.
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<p>Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) was one of the local specific horticulture products in high land. Junggo persimmon has attractive appearance of the ripe fruit with orange to red colour. The size of fruit was 200-300 g, sweet taste, enough water and crispy. Astringent taste could be elimated by fruit treatments. The vase life of fruit was 14 days, productivity was 400-500 kg/trees/years. Persimmon was originated of subtropical region of China and Japan. In Java persimmon was planted in high land at 1000 m up to 1500 m above sea level with high rainfall. The Junggo persimmon had good market and had been exported to Singapore about 30-40 ton/seasons. The consumers prefer persimmon fruit from Junggo than from other areas of Java.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Salah satu produk hortikultura spesifik lokasi yang tumbuh di dataran tinggi Batu adalah kesemek atau persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.). Kesemek Junggo memiliki beberapa keunggulan, terutama penampilan buahnya yang sangat menarik, berwarna oranye bila telah masak optimal. Bila sudah matang, buah berwarna merah seperti tomat dan lunak. Ukuran buah besar, 200-300 g/buah, rasa buah manis-kelat, kandungan air cukup, buah optimal rasanya renyah, daya simpan buah lebih dari 14 hari. Rasa kelat atau sepat dapat dihilangkan dengan beberapa cara. Produktivitas kesemek 400-500 kg/pohon/tahun, berbuah hanya sekali setahun dari tanaman yang rata-rata sudah tua. Kesemek berasal dari Cina dan Jepang, banyak dijumpai di daerah subtropik dan dataran tinggi daerah tropik. Di daerah tropik umumnya dijumpai pada ketinggian di atas 1000 m dpl. Di Jawa, tanaman kesemek tumbuh baik pada ketinggian 1000-1500 m dpl dengan curah hujan tinggi. Kesemek menyukai daerah beriklim sejuk dan lembab. Kesemek asal Junggo-Batu sejak tahun 1983 telah diekspor ke Singapura. Potensi dan volume ekspor buah kesemek asal Junggo-Batu yang diperoleh dari satu dusun Junggo berkisar antara 30-40 t/ musim. Menurut eksportir, buah kesemek asal Junggo-Batu lebih disukai oleh konsumen Singapura dibandingkan dengan buah kesemek dari daerah lain di Jawa karena rasanya lebih manis, renyah, kandungan air banyak, buah berukuran besar, dan berwarna merah-jingga menarik.</p>
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HANAFIAH, DIANA SOFIA, SEPTIAS SANGGITA, and KHAIRUNNISA LUBIS. "The phenotypic appearance of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.f.) in Karo District, North Sumatra, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190226.
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Hanafiah DS, Sanggita S, Lubis K. 2018. The phenotypic appearance of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.f.) in Karo District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 509-514. The farmers in Karo District began to be less interested in cultivating kesemek or Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.f.). Due to the price of this commodity has dropped in the market, the farmers cut down the tree and cultivate more favorable horticultural crops, such as vegetable and citrus cultivation. It is necessary to conduct a study to obtained sufficient information to determine the necessary steps in order to preserve Japanese persimmon plants in Karo District. One first steps was to get information of accession characteristic of Japanese persimmon in Karo District. This research aimed to identify relationships of morphological characteristics among individuals of Japanese persimmon plants. The research was conducted from May until July 2017 at Berastagi, Merdeka, Kabanjahe, and Dolat Rayat sub-districts of Karo District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The survey method using Japanese persimmon descriptor of Diospyros kaki L.f. by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties (UPOV) with the purposive method for location determination and technique sampling. Thirty-six accessions of Japanese persimmon plants were studied. Based on clustering method of the morphological characteristic, 4 clusters are formed. This difference was canopy form, leaf shape and fruit morphological. Accession 34 from Dolat Rayat Distict has different fruit characters with other accessions.
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Maeda, Haruka, Takashi Akagi, Noriyuki Onoue, Atsushi Kono, and Ryutaro Tao. "Evolution of Lineage-Specific Gene Networks Underlying the Considerable Fruit Shape Diversity in Persimmon." Plant and Cell Physiology 60, no. 11 (July 27, 2019): 2464–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcz139.
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Abstract The shapes of plant organs reflect the evolution of each lineage and have been diversified according to lineage-specific adaptations to environment. Research on the molecular pathways responsible for organ shapes has traditionally been focused mainly on leaves or flowers. Thus, little is known about the pathways controlling fruit shapes, despite their diversity in some plant species. In this study, we analyzed oriental persimmon (Diospyros kaki), which exhibits considerable diversity in fruit shapes among cultivars, to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism using transcriptomic data and quantitative evaluation. First, to filter the candidate genes associated with persimmon fruit shapes, the whole gene expression patterns obtained using mRNA-Seq analysis from 100 individuals, including a segregated population and various cultivars, were assessed to detect correlations with principal component scores for fruit shapes characterized with elliptic Fourier descriptors. Next, a gene co-expression network analysis with weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) package revealed that class 1 KNOX family genes and SEEDSTICK function as integrators along with some phytohormone-related genes, to regulate the fruit shape diversity. On the other hand, the OVATE family genes also contribute to fruit shape diversity, of which pathway would be potentially shared with other plant species. Evolutionary aspects suggest that acquisition of a high lineage-specific and variable expression of class 1 KNOX gene, knotted-like homeobox of Arabidopsis thaliana 1 (KNAT1), in young fruit is important for establishing the persimmon-specific mechanism that determines fruit shape diversity.
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Dalvi, Luana T., Daniel C. Moreira, Antonio Alonso, Isa G. J. de Avellar, and Marcelo Hermes-Lima. "Antioxidant activity and mechanism of commercial Rama Forte persimmon fruits (Diospyros kaki)." PeerJ 6 (July 25, 2018): e5223. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5223.
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This study aimed to characterize the antioxidant properties of Rama Forte persimmon, a tannin-rich fruit variety produced in Brazil. Extracts prepared with lyophilized pulps from fruits obtained in local markets were analyzed individually to evaluate the extent of antioxidant protection and investigate the antioxidant mechanism. Iron-mediated hydroxylation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pirrolidine-N-oxide, determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and oxidative degradation of 2-deoxyribose (2-DR) were inhibited by fruit extracts in a dose-dependent manner. There was a considerable individual variability in inhibition of 2-DR degradation by individual fruits. Higher protection of 2-DR degradation (by the extracts) was observed in Fe(III)-citrate/ascorbate in comparison with Fe(III)-EDTA/ascorbate system; however, antioxidant effectiveness of fruit extracts was not diminished by increasing EDTA concentration by 10-fold. Other competition experiments using the 2-DR assay (varying pre-incubation time and 2-DR concentration) indicated that protection comes mainly from free radical scavenging, rather that metal chelation antioxidant activity. Persimmon extracts prevented iron-mediated lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenates, which correlated significantly with the inhibition of 2-DR oxidation. Finally, sugar content of individual fruits correlated inversely with inhibition of 2-DR degradation, which could indicate that maturation decreases soluble antioxidant concentration or efficiency. In conclusion, lipid peroxidation, 2-DR and EPR experiments indicated that extracts from commercial fruits showed mainly radical-scavenger activity and relevant antioxidant activity.
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Itamura, H., T. Nakamoto, Y. Hanaoka, and N. Sun. "IMPROVING SHELF LIFE OF CUT PERSIMMON FRUIT." Acta Horticulturae, no. 833 (June 2009): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.833.47.
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Yamada, M., H. Yamane, and Y. Ukai. "Genetic Analysis of Japanese Persimmon Fruit Weight." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 6 (November 1994): 1298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.6.1298.
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The expected proportion of individuals in progeny having genotypic values for fruit weight over a given selection criterion to the total individuals derived from a cross was estimated by multiple-regression analysis in which inbreeding coefficient (F) and midparental (MP) value were independent variables and progeny mean was the dependent variable in Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.). A total of 117 seedlings from 39 crosses was used. Genetic differences of progenies among crosses could be explained solely by F and MP, the effect of the former being greater than the latter. The expected proportion of progenies with large fruit decreased as MP decreased and severely decreased as F increased. Based on the parental mean of 35 fruit on a single tree for 3 years, the proportion of individuals in progeny with fruit weight >200 g was estimated as 34%, 21%, and 12% for 0, 0.125, and 0.25 F values, respectively, in individual from a cross with MP = 200 g.
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Inakuma, Takahiro. "Consideration in Persimmon (Kaki) Fruit in Japan." Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi 63, no. 7 (2016): 325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.63.325.
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Cutillas-Iturralde, Antonio, Maria J. Peña, Ignacio Zarra, and Ester P. Lorences. "A xyloglucan from persimmon fruit cell walls." Phytochemistry 48, no. 4 (June 1998): 607–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(98)00026-0.
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AGUSTI, MANUEL, MARIANO JUAN, AMPARO MARTINEZ-FUENTES, CARLOS MESEJO, and VICENTE ALMELA. "Calcium nitrate delays climacteric of persimmon fruit." Annals of Applied Biology 144, no. 1 (February 2004): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2004.tb00317.x.
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Zhang, Zhengke, Yu Zhang, Donald J. Huber, Jingping Rao, Yunjing Sun, and Shanshan Li. "Changes in Prooxidant and Antioxidant Enzymes and Reduction of Chilling Injury Symptoms during Low-temperature Storage of ‘Fuyu’ Persimmon Treated with 1-Methylcyclopropene." HortScience 45, no. 11 (November 2010): 1713–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.11.1713.
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‘Fuyu’ perisimmon fruit were treated with 500 nL·L−1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 24 h at 20 °C and then stored at 4 °C for 45 days to investigate the effects of 1-MCP on chilling injury (CI) during storage at 4 °C. Persimmon fruit developed CI, manifested as rapid softening and external and internal browning. Injury symptoms were reduced by 1-MCP treatment. 1-MCP also delayed increases in respiration and ethylene production. Compared with control fruit, 1-MCP-treated fruit exhibited increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities within the initial storage period and lower membrane permeability, malondialdehyde content, and peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities throughout the entire storage period. These results suggest that reduction of CI symptoms in persimmon fruit in response to 1-MCP treatment may be attributed to altered oxidative status.
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Garibaldi, A., D. Bertetti, M. T. Amatulli, and M. L. Gullino. "First Report of Postharvest Fruit Rot in Persimmon Caused by Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis in Italy." Plant Disease 94, no. 6 (June 2010): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-6-0788b.
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Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) is widely grown in Italy, the leading producer in Europe. In the fall of 2009, a previously unknown rot was observed on 3% of fruit stored at temperatures between 5 and 15°C in Torino Province (northern Italy). The decayed area was elliptical, firm, and appeared light brown to dark olive-green. It was surrounded by a soft margin. The internal decayed area appeared rotten, brown, and surrounded by bleached tissue. On the decayed tissue, black pycnidia that were partially immersed and up to 0.5 mm in diameter were observed. Light gray conidia produced in the pycnidia were unicellular, ovoid or lacriform, and measured 3.9 to 6.7 × 2.3 to 3.5 (average 5.0 × 2.9) μm. Fragments (approximately 2 mm) were taken from the margin of the internal diseased tissues, cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at temperatures between 23 and 26°C under alternating light and darkness. Colonies of the fungus initially appeared ash colored and then turned to dark greenish gray. After 14 days of growth, pycnidia and conidia similar to those described on fruit were produced. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using the primers ITS4/ITS6 and sequenced. BLAST analysis (1) of the 502-bp segment showed a 100% similarity with the sequence of Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis Xiao & J.D. Rogers (GenBank Accession No. AY608648). The nucleotide sequence has been assigned the GenBank Accession No. GU949537. Pathogenicity tests were performed by inoculating three persimmon fruits after surface disinfesting in 1% sodium hypochlorite and wounding. Mycelial disks (10 mm in diameter), obtained from PDA cultures of one strain were placed on wounds. Three control fruits were inoculated with plain PDA. Fruits were incubated at 10 ± 1°C. The first symptoms developed 6 days after the artificial inoculation. After 15 days, the rot was very evident and P. washingtonensis was consistently reisolated. Noninoculated fruit remained healthy. The pathogenicity test was performed twice. Since P. washingtonensis was first identified in the United States on decayed apples (2), ‘Fuji’, ‘Gala’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Granny Smith’, ‘Red Chief’, and ‘Stark Delicious’, apple fruits also were artificially inoculated with a conidial suspension (1 × 106 CFU/ml) of the pathogen obtained from PDA cultures. For each cultivar, three surface-disinfested fruit were wounded and inoculated, while three others served as mock-inoculated (sterile water) controls. Fruits were stored at temperatures ranging from 10 to 15°C. First symptoms appeared after 7 days on all the inoculated apples. After 14 days, rot was evident on all fruit inoculated with the fungus, and P. washingtonensis was consistently reisolated. Controls remained symptomless. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of P. washingtonensis on persimmon in Italy, as well as worldwide. The occurrence of postharvest fruit rot on apple caused by P. washingtonensis was recently described in the United States (3). In Italy, the economic importance of the disease on persimmon fruit is currently limited, although the pathogen could represent a risk for apple. References: (1) S. F. Altschul et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389, 1997. (2) Y. K. Kim and C. L. Xiao. Plant Dis. 90:1376, 2006. (3) C. L. Xiao et al. Mycologia 97:473, 2005.
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Zhang, Zhengke, Runshan Fu, Donald J. Huber, Jingping Rao, Xiaoxiao Chang, Meijiao Hu, Yu Zhang, and Nina Jiang. "Expression of Expansin Gene (CDK-Exp3) and Its Modulation by Exogenous Gibberellic Acid During Ripening and Softening of Persimmon Fruit." HortScience 47, no. 3 (March 2012): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.3.378.
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Expansins are proteins that have been reported to contribute to fruit softening. In this study, an expansin gene, CDK-Exp3, was identified from persimmon fruit, and the mRNA accumulation of CDK-Exp3 during postharvest softening was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequence analysis showed that CDK-Exp3 contained a putative open reading frame of 765 bp encoding a polypeptide of 254 amino acid residues, which had all the characteristics of α-expansin. As fruit softened, the expression of CDK-Exp3 increased dramatically within the initial 8-day ripening at 20 °C followed by a gradual decline at the late stages of ripening. The expression of CDK-Exp3 was inhibited by gibberellic acid, and the maximum transcript abundance was delayed by 20 days compared with that of the control fruit. The results suggest that CDK-Exp3 might be closely related to softening of persimmon fruit during postharvest ripening.
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Rauf, Reski Febyanti, Yohannes Aris Purwanto, and Sobir ,. "Perlakuan Pascapanen Buah Kesemek Reundeu (Diosphyros kaki L.) Menggunakan Gas Karbon Dioksida." Comm. Horticulturae Journal 1, no. 1 (August 7, 2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/chj.1.1.14-19.
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Postharvest treatment for removing astringency on Reundeu persimmon by traditional way, make the appearance is not attractive visually for commercial purpose. One of the alternative treatment that potentially to be applied is the high concentration of CO2 gas from dry ice. Application of deastringency treatment aimed to analyze the effectiveness of CO2 gas for reducing tannin content on Reundeu persimmon. Fruits were put into closed jar with dry ice at dose 10, 20, and 30 g and control at ambient temperature. Treatments set for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Measurement of initial concentration of CO2 gas in the jar was carried out after dry ice sublimed. Final concentration of CO2 was measured at the end of treatment and accompanied with analyze of tannin content. The result showed that high concentration of CO2 gas (>80%) can reduce tannin on Reundeu persimmon effectively. Based on minimum human perception, the treatment of CO2 gas as deastringency can be applied at three maturity levels, i.e. 10 g doses at 24 hours for green stage (0.097%), 10 g doses at 48 hours for greenmature stage (0.054%) and 10 g doses at 72 hours for orange-ripe stage (0.02%). This result can be use as a reference for distribution handling of persimmon fruit to fulfill the consumers and markets demands.Keywords: carbon dioxide gas, deastringency treatment, dry ice, persimmon, tannin
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Palou, Lluís, Clara Montesinos-Herrero, Ignacio Tarazona, Cristina Besada, and Verónica Taberner. "Incidence and Etiology of Postharvest Fungal Diseases of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. cv. Rojo Brillante) in Spain." Plant Disease 99, no. 10 (October 2015): 1416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-15-0112-re.
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‘Rojo Brillante’ is currently the most important persimmon cultivar in Spain. The incidence and etiology of postharvest diseases affecting this cultivar were determined under local conditions. Latent and wound pathogens were assessed for two consecutive seasons on commercially grown persimmons from two orchards. Healthy persimmons were either surface-disinfested or artificially wounded on the rind and placed in humid chambers at 20 or 25°C for up to 9 weeks. Additionally, decay was assessed on commercially handled persimmons stored at 1°C for up to 20 weeks. In all cases, the most frequent disease was alternaria black spot (ABS) caused by Alternaria alternata and an ABS severity index specific for ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmons was established. Other minor pathogens causing latent infections, mostly stem-end rots, included Botrytis cinerea, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum spp., Pestalotiopsis clavispora, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Penicillium expansum and, to much a lesser extent, Cladosporium cladosporioides were other pathogens causing wound infections. These two fungi and A. alternata and B. cinerea were also isolated from cold-stored fruit. Common isolates were identified by macroscopic and microscopic morphology and/or DNA amplification and sequencing. Pathogenicity of selected isolates was demonstrated by fulfilling Koch’s postulates. Disease development at 20 and 5°C was characterized on artificially inoculated persimmons.