Academic literature on the topic 'Persistent HPV infection'
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Journal articles on the topic "Persistent HPV infection"
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Adebamowo, Sally N., Toyosi Olawande, Ayotunde Famooto, et al. "Risk, Persistence and Multiplicity of HPV Infections among HIV Negative and HIV Positive Nigerian Women." Journal of Global Oncology 2, no. 3_suppl (2016): 38s—39s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2016.003830.
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Abstract 64 Background: The incidence, prevalence, persistence, and multiplicity of high-risk HPV infection is different between HIV positive and HIV negative women. We examined the association between HIV, prevalent HPV, and persistent HPV infections among women in a prospective cohort in Nigeria. Methods: We enrolled women presenting at cervical cancer screening programs in Abuja, Nigeria, between 2012 and 2014 and collected information on their demographic characteristics, risk factors of HPV infection, and cervical exfoliated cells samples at baseline, 6 month and 12 month follow-up visits. DNA enzyme immunoassay (DEIA) and Roche Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test were used to characterize HPV. Persistent HPV infection was defined as a positive result on 2 consecutive DEIA tests. We used logistic regression models to estimate the association between HIV and risk of HPV infection. Results: Among the 1,020 women enrolled, the mean age (±SD) was 37(8), and 44% and 56% were HIV+ and HIV-, respectively. HPV52 and 35 were the most common HPV types in the study population. The prevalence was 34% for any HPV, 24% for persistent HPV and 9% for multiple HPV infections; these were higher among HIV+ women (p-value <0.001). The multivariate odds ratio (OR) and 95 % CI comparing HIV+ to HIV- women was 6.29 (95% CI 3.64 – 10.87, p-value <0.001) for any high-risk HPV; 6.22 (95% CI 3.02 – 12.83, p-value <0.001) for persistent high-risk HPV; and 6.46 (95% CI 2.69 – 15.52, p-value <0.001) for multiple high-risk HPV infections, Conclusions: HIV infection is associated with increased risk of persistence and multiplicity of low-risk and high-risk HPV infections. These findings may explain, in part, the increased risk of cervical cancer among women with HIV infections. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: Sally N. Adebamowo No relationship to disclose Toyosi Olawande No relationship to disclose Ayotunde Famooto No relationship to disclose Eileen O. Dareng No relationship to disclose Olayinka Olaniyan No relationship to disclose Richard Offiong No relationship to disclose Clement A. Adebamowo Speakers' Bureau: Merck [Table: see text]
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Adebamowo, Sally Nneoma, Michael Kolawole Odutola, Ayo Famooto, et al. "Incidence, persistence and determinants of human papillomavirus: A prospective cohort study of 10,000 HIV-negative Nigerian women." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (2017): 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.1510.
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1510 Background: Cervical cancer is the second commonest cancer in Africa. Persistent High-risk HPV (HRHPV) infection is a necessary cause but little is known about the persistence and associated risk factors of HRHPV infection in African women. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors and incidence of HPV infection in Nigerian women. Methods: ACCME is a multicenter prospective cohort study of host germline, cervical somatic and HRHPV genomics, epigenomics, and vaginal microenvironment; and their association with HPV. From February/2014 to January/2016, 10,000 HIV-negative women were enrolled into the cohort and are being followed up every 6 months. We used SPF25/LiPA10to characterize HPV infection and defined persistent infection as 2 consecutive positive tests done at least 12 months apart. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between risk factors and persistent HPV. Results: The mean (SD) age of the study participants at baseline was 40 (10) years and the mean (SD) vaginal pH was 5.2 (0.6). About 42% of the participants were positive for any HPV positive and 21% had persistence of any HPV infections. Some, 35% of the participants had multiple infections with any HPV. About 54% of those with persistent any HPV infections had HRHPV; HPV types 52 (25%) and 18 (15%) were the most prevalent and persistent HRHPV types. The incidence of any HPV infection was 6.6/1,000 person-months while that of HRHPV was 2.6/1,000 person-months. Age, body mass index, level of education, marital and socio-economic status and total number of lifetime sexual partners were associated with HPV infection in these women. Conclusions: We defined the incidence, risk factors and commonest types of HRHPV in a large cohort of women in West Africa.
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Oyervides-Muñoz, Mariel A., Antonio A. Pérez-Maya, Celia N. Sánchez-Domínguez, et al. "Multiple HPV Infections and Viral Load Association in Persistent Cervical Lesions in Mexican Women." Viruses 12, no. 4 (2020): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12040380.
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Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections play a major role in the development of invasive cervical cancer (CC), and screening for such infections is in many countries the primary method of detecting and preventing CC. HPV typing can be used for triage and risk stratification of women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US)/low-grade cervical lesions (LSIL), though the current clinical practice in Mexico is to diagnose CC or its preceding conditions mainly via histology and HR-HPV detection. Additional information regarding these HPV infections, such as viral load and co-infecting agents, might also be useful for diagnosing, predicting, and evaluating the possible consequences of the infection and of its prevention by vaccination. The goal of this follow-up hospital case study was to determine if HPV types, multiple HPV infections, and viral loads were associated with infection persistence and the cervical lesion grade. A total of 294 cervical cytology samples drawn from patients with gynecological alterations were used in this study. HPV types were identified by real-time PCR DNA analysis. A subset of HPV-positive patients was reevaluated to identify persistent infections. We identified HPV types 16, 18, and 39 as the most prevalent. One hundred five of the patients (59%) were infected with more than one type of HPV. The types of HPV associated with multiple HPV infections were 16, 18, and 39. In the follow-up samples, 38% of patients had not cleared the initially detected HPV infection, and these were considered persistent. We found here an association between multiple HPV infections and high viral loads with and infection persistence. Our findings suggest there are benefits in ascertaining viral load and multiple HPV infections status of HR-HPV infections for predicting the risk of persistence, a requirement for developing CC. These findings contribute to our understanding of HPV epidemiology and may allow screening programs to better assess the cancer-developing risks associated with individual HR-HPV infections.
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Miranda, P. M., N. N. T. Silva, B. C. V. Pitol, et al. "Persistence or Clearance of Human Papillomavirus Infections in Women in Ouro Preto, Brazil." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/578276.
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Persistent high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is necessary for development of precursor lesions and cervical cancer. We investigate persistence and clearance of HPV infections and cofactors in unvaccinated women. Cervical samples of 569 women (18–75 years), received for routine evaluation in the Health Department of Ouro Preto, Brazil, were collected and subjected to PCR (MY09/11 or GP5+/6+ primers), followed by RFLP or sequencing. All women were interviewed to collect sociodemographic and behavioral information. Viral infection persistence or clearance was reevaluated after 24 months and was observed in 59.6% and 40.4% of women, respectively. HPVs 16, 33, 59, 66, 69, and 83 (HR) were the most persistent types whereas HPVs 31, 45, and 58 were less persistent. Clearance or persistence did not differ between groups infected by HPVs 18, 53, and 67. In low-risk (LR) types, HPV 6 infected samples were associated with clearance, while HPV 11, 61, 72, or 81 infected samples were persistent in the follow-up. No statistically significant association was detected between persistent HPV infections and sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics analyzed. To study persistence or clearance in HPV infection allows the identification of risk groups, cofactors, and strategies for prevention of cervical cancer.
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Adebamowo, Sally N., Michael Odutola, Ayotunde Famooto, et al. "Incidence, Persistence, and Determinants of Human Papillomavirus: A Prospective Cohort Study of HIV-Negative Nigerian Women." Journal of Global Oncology 3, no. 2_suppl (2017): 39s—40s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2017.009498.
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Abstract 63 Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in Africa. Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HRHPV) infection is a necessary cause but little is known about the persistence and associated risk factors of HRHPV infection in African women. We undertook this work to determine risk factors and the incidence of HPV infection in Nigerian women. Methods: ACCME is a multicenter, prospective cohort study of host germline, cervical somatic and HRHPV genomics, epigenomics, and vaginal microenvironment and their association with HPV. From February 2014 to January 2016, 10,000 HIV-negative women were enrolled in the cohort and are being observed every 6 months. We used SPF25/LiPA10 to characterize HPV infection and defined persistent infection as two consecutive positive tests performed at least 12 months apart. Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between risk factors and persistent HPV. Results: The mean (± standard deviation) age of study participants at baseline was 40 (± 10) years, and mean (± standard deviation) vaginal pH was 5.2 (± 0.6). Approximately 42% of participants were positive for any HPV and 21% had persistence of any HPV infection. Some (35%) participants had multiple infections with any HPV. Approximately 54% of those with persistent any HPV infection had HRHPV—HPV type 52 (25%) and type 18 (15%) were the most prevalent and persistent HRHPV types. Incidence of any HPV infection was 6.6 per 1,000 person-months, whereas that of HRHPV was 2.6 per 1,000 person-months. Age, body mass index, education level, marital and socioeconomic status, and total number of lifetime sexual partners were associated with HPV infection in these women. Conclusion: We defined the incidence, risk factors, and most common types of HRHPV in a large cohort of women in West Africa. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Sally N. Adebamowo No relationship to disclose Michael Odutola No relationship to disclose Ayotunde Famooto No relationship to disclose Eileen Dareng No relationship to disclose Amos Adebayo No relationship to disclose Peter Achara No relationship to disclose Bunmi Alabi No relationship to disclose Kayode Obende No relationship to disclose Richard Offiong No relationship to disclose Sanni Ologun No relationship to disclose Clement A. Adebamowo Speakers' Bureau: Merck
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TAM, LAI-SHAN, PAUL K. S. CHAN, SUZANNE C. HO, et al. "Natural History of Cervical Papilloma Virus Infection in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus — A Prospective Cohort Study." Journal of Rheumatology 37, no. 2 (2009): 330–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.090644.
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Objective.To ascertain the incidence, cumulative prevalence, persistence, and clearance of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to assess the risk factors for the acquisition and persistence of HPV infection.Methods.One hundred forty-four patients with SLE were evaluated at 6-month intervals for up to 3 years. At each visit, a Pap test, a test for HPV DNA, and clinical assessment were performed.Results.The cumulative prevalence of HPV infection increased significantly (12.5% at baseline to 25.0% after 3 years; p = 0.006). Regarding type-specific HPV infection, 18.8% patients experienced 68 incident infections. The cumulative prevalence of high-risk HPV infection (11.1% at baseline to 20.8% after 3 years; p = 0.02) and multiple HPV infection also increased significantly (6.9% at baseline to 16.7% after 3 years; p = 0.009). Half (33/68, 48.5%) of the incident infections persisted for ≥ 6 months. Overall, 29/32 (90.6%) of the preexisting infection and 10/68 (14.7%) of the incident infections were cleared. Independent risk factors associated with incident HPV infection included younger age at first sexual intercourse (p = 0.025) and baseline Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics score ≥ 1 (p = 0.038). Independent risk factor associated with persistent HPV infection included preexisting HPV infection (p = 0.04) and multiple HPV infection during first incident infection (p = 0.02).Conclusion.High frequency of persistent HPV infection, especially high-risk and multiple HPV infection, may explain why squamous intraepithelial lesions occurred frequently in patients with SLE. Patients with high inflammatory burden are at risk of acquiring HPV infection.
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Phanuphak, Nittaya, Sirinya Teeraananchai, Rawiwan Hansudewechakul, et al. "Incidence and Persistence of High-risk Anogenital Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Female Youth With and Without Perinatally Acquired Human Immunodefiency Virus Infection: A 3-year Observational Cohort Study." Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, no. 8 (2019): e270-e280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz1143.
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Abstract Background Female youth with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (PHIV) may be at higher risk than uninfected youth for persistent anogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, due to prolonged immunodeficiency. Methods A 3-year cohort study was conducted between 2013 and 2017 among Thai and Vietnamese PHIV and HIV-uninfected females 12–24 years, matched by age group and number of lifetime sexual partners. For HPV genotyping, cervical and anal samples were obtained at baseline and annually. Vaginal samples were collected at baseline and every 6 months. Factors associated with high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) persistence and incidence were assessed. Results We enrolled 93 PHIV and 99 HIV-uninfected females. Median age was 19 (interquartile range [IQR] 18–20) years. For the 7 HR-HPV types (16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58) in the nonavalent HPV vaccine, PHIV had significantly higher incidence (P = .03) and persistence (P = .01) than HIV-uninfected youth over a 3-year period. Having HIV (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–3.9) and ever using illegal substances (aHR 4.8, 95% CI 1.8–13.0) were associated with incident 7 HR-HPV infections. HIV-positive status (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 2.2, 95% CI 1.5–3.2), recent alcohol use (aPR 1.75, 95% CI 1.2–2.5), and higher number of lifetime partners (aPR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4–3.1, for 3–5 partners; aPR 1.93, 95% CI 1.2–3.2, for ≥6 partners) were significantly associated with persistent 7 HR-HPV infections. Conclusions Female PHIV were at higher risk of having anogenital HR-HPV acquisition and persistence. Primary and secondary prevention programs for HPV infection and HPV-related diseases should be prioritized for PHIV children and youth.
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Syrjänen, S. "Human Papillomavirus Infection and Its Association with HIV." Advances in Dental Research 23, no. 1 (2011): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034511399914.
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) can infect oral mucosa, causing asymptomatic infection or warty lesions. Several case-control studies have confirmed HPV as an independent risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma. HPV-related cancers seem to have better prognoses and different risk factors than do HPV-negative ones. HIV-infected patients are known to be at increased risk for persistent genital and anal high-risk HPV infections and intraepithelial neoplasm. Since the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy, the prevalence and persistence of warty lesions in oral mucosa have increased. Oral squamous cell carcinoma was recently added in the case definitions for common HIV-related oral mucosa lesions. The increased risk of HPV infection in HIV patients has been associated with impaired immune response to HPV, highly active antiretroviral therapy, aging of the HIV-infected patients, and direct interaction between the 2 viruses. HPV32 seems to be much more prevalent in asymptomatic HPV infections and warts among those infected with HIV than among those in the general population. Regarding HIV genes, there is evidence of an interaction between HPV and tat, rev, and vpr. HIV might play a role in HPV-associated pathogenesis by exhorting oncogenic stimuli via tat and rev or visa versa.
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Zhao, Ming, Dan Zhou, Min Zhang, et al. "Characteristic of persistent human papillomavirus infection in women worldwide: a meta–analysis." PeerJ 11 (November 14, 2023): e16247. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16247.
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Objectives We aimed to estimate the genotype distribution of persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in females worldwide, and provided a scientific basis for the prevention strategies of cervical cancer (CC) and the development of HPV vaccines. Methods Both English and Chinese databases were researched from the inception to July 2023. The pooled persistent HPV infection prevalence was calculated using a random effects model. The subgroup analysis was performed to explore the heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plot, Egger’s and Begg’s test. Results Twenty-eight studies with 27,335 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of persistent HPV infection was 29.37% (95% CI [24.05%∼35.31%]), and the genotypes with the persistent infection prevalence were HPV16 (35.01%), HPV52 (28.19%), HPV58 (27.06%), HPV18 (25.99%), HPV33 (24.37%), HPV31 (23.35%), HPV59 (21.87%), HPV39 (19.54%), HPV68 (16.61%) and HPV45 (15.05%). The prevalence of multiple and single HPV persistent infection were 48.66% and 36.71%, respectively; the prevalence of persistent HPV infection in different age groups (<30, 30∼39, 40∼49, >50) were 29.83%, 28.39%, 22.24% and 30.22%, respectively. The follow-up time was significantly associated with heterogeneity by subgroup analysis (P < 0.05), and the prevalence of persistent infection decreased with longer follow-up time. Conclusions Multiple infections were more likely to occur persistent HPV infection than single infection. In addition to HPV vaccination, we should emphasize the follow-up management for women under 30 and over 50 years old, those with high-risk HPV infection (HPV59, 39, 68) and multiple infections.
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Kim, Moonsik, Nora Jee-Young Park, Ji Yun Jeong, and Ji Young Park. "Multiple Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Infections Are Associated with HSIL and Persistent HPV Infection Status in Korean Patients." Viruses 13, no. 7 (2021): 1342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13071342.
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Infections with multiple human papilloma virus (HPV) types have been reported, but their role in cervical carcinogenesis has not been fully elucidated. In this study, 236 cases with multiple HPV infection were examined and compared to 180 cases with single HPV infection. HPV genotyping was performed with cervico-vaginal swab specimens using multiplex (real-time) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In multiple HPV infection, the most prevalent HPV genotype was HPV 53, followed by HPV 16, 58, 52, and 68. HPV 33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 53, 58, and 68 were high-risk-HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes that were more frequently detected in multiple HPV infection compared to that in single HPV infection. The association between multiple HPV infection and high-grade SIL (HSIL) was significantly stronger compared to that of single HPV infection and HSIL (p = 0.002). Patients with multiple HPV infection displayed persistent and longer duration of the HPV infection compared to patients with single HPV infection. Multiple HPV infections have distinct clinicopathologic characteristics. Since it is associated with persistent HPV infection, HSIL, and different HR-HPV strains in contrast to single HPV infection, the presence of multiple HPV infection should be reported; close follow up is warranted.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Persistent HPV infection"
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Carcamo, Cesar Paul. "Etiology, manifestations, and oral supplementation with zinc in adults with persistent diarrhea and HIV-1 infection /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10891.
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Pamnani, Shitaldas J. "Incidence, Persistence, and Recurrence of Anogenital α- Mucosal HPV Infections (HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58)". Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6125.
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Objectives: The aims of this study were to: 1) Assess whether naturally induced anti-HPV antibodies are associated with subsequent acquisition of genital HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 infections in men, 2) assess the recurrence (redetection) of genital HPV infections of the 9-valent vaccine HPV types and investigate factors associated with recurrent infections among men, and 3) assess the risk of type-specific sequential acquisition of anal HPV infection following a genital HPV infection of the 9-valent vaccine HPV types among men who have sex with women (MSW).
Methods: 4,123 healthy men were followed every six months (median follow-up time 4.1 years). HPV antibodies were measured at baseline using a virus-like particle-based ELISA assay. Genital and anal HPV genotypes were detected using the Roche Linear Array assays. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox models were developed to assess associations between serum anti-HPV antibody and subsequent incident HPV infections. Individual type analyses and grouped analyses were carried out to assess type-specific recurrence of the 9-valent vaccine HPV types. Risk of sequential anal HPV infection was assessed by examining incident rate ratios (IRR) and adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) among men with a prior genital HPV infection compared to men without a prior genital HPV infection.
Results: 1) Significantly higher rates of incident infections were observed for HPV 16 among baseline HPV 16 seropositive men (aHR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01-1.86). Risk of persistent HPV 18 infection was significantly lower among HPV 18 seropositive men in unadjusted models, but not in the adjusted model, while incident and six-month persistent HPV 6 and 11 infections did not differ by baseline serostatus. 2) Up to 31% of prior prevalent and 20% of prior incident HPV infections recurred over time in individual type analyses. New female sexual partners, frequency of sexual intercourse with female partners, and new male sexual partners were associated with type-specific recurrence of HPV infections (HPV 6, 16, 31 and 58). In grouped analyses, lifetime number of male sexual partners (aOR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.19-4.84) and number of new male sexual partners (aOR 2.35, 95% CI 1.16-4.74) were associated with recurrence of HPV infections. 3) In individual type analyses, men with a prior HPV 16 genital infection had a significantly higher risk of subsequent anal HPV 16 infection (aHR=4.63, 95% CI 1.41-15.23). Significantly higher HRs were observed for any of the nine HPV types (aHR= 2.8, 95% CI1.32-5.99), high risk HPV types (aHR=2.65, 95% CI 1.26, 5.55) and low risk HPV types (aHR=5.89, 95% CI1.29, 27.01) in grouped analyses.
Conclusion: Baseline seropositive status among men was not associated with a reduction in subsequent incident genital HPV 6, 11, and 16 infections, but with a possible protective effect for persistent HPV 18 infections. Men are also susceptible to recurrence of type-specific genital HPV infections, and recurrence of HPV infection was associated with high-risk sexual behaviors. MSW men with prior genital HPV infections are more likely to have a subsequent type-specific anal HPV infection than men who did not have prior genital HPV infections. Understanding the natural history of HPV infections among men is essential to control HPV associated diseases in both men and women.
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Bennett, Rachel. "Incidence, persistence, and determinants of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in a population of Inuit women in Nunavik, Québec." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95144.
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Objectives: To study the incidence, persistence, and determinants of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in a population of Inuit women from Nunavik, Quebec by HPV type, Alpha-papillomavirus species, and oncogenic risk grouping. Methods: We recruited a cohort of Inuit women living in communities in Nunavik when they presented for routine care. Baseline sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics were collected and cervical specimens collected throughout the follow-up period were tested for HPV-DNA using the PGMY Line-blot assay. Results: Almost 40% of women acquired a new any-type HPV infection, at a rate of 14.44 infections per 1000 women-months (WM). High-risk (HR) HPV infections were acquired at a higher rate than low-risk (LR) infections. HPV-31 was the type with the highest incidence rate, while species alpha-9 had the highest species-specific incidence rate. Multivariate logistic regression found age and marital status to be the most important predictors of infection acquisition across infection categorizations. Only 36.1% of women cleared their incident infections. No predictors of clearance were found. Conclusions: Incidence and persistence of HPV infections were comparable to a population of Canadian university students but are elevated compared to a cohort of randomly selected women in Ontario. Age and markers of sexual activity appear to be risk factors for infection acquisition.<br>Objectif: Déterminer la fréquence, la persistance et les déterminants du VPH chez les femmes Inuites du Nunavik, Québec par génotype, espèce et potentiel cancérigène. Méthode: Nous avons recruté une cohorte de femmes vivant au Nunavik quand elles se présentaient aux cliniques pour les soins de routine. Des données démographiques et reliées au mode de vie ont été récoltées et les échantillons de cellules du col de l'utérus ont été analysés à l'aide du PGMY Line blot assay afin de détecter de l'ADN-VPH. Résultats: Près de 40% des femmes ont acquis une infection avec le VPH, à un taux de 14.44 infections par 1000 mois-femmes. Les infections à haut-risque ont été acquises plus fréquemment que les infections à bas-risque. Le type et l'espèce ayant les taux les plus élevés était le VPH-31 et l'alpha-9 respectivement. Une analyse de régression logistique multivariée a révélé que l'âge et l'état matrimonial sont associés à l'infection au VPH. Seulement 36.1% des femmes ont éliminés l'infection acquise pendant la période d'observation. Aucun déterminant associé avec l'élimination du VPH ne fut identifié. Conclusion: La fréquence et la persistance des infections au VPH sont élevées comparé à la population générale de Canada mais comparable à une population universitaire. L'âge et les marqueurs d'activité sexuelle sont des facteurs de risque pour l'infection au VPH. fr
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Kah, Janine [Verfasser], and Gisa [Akademischer Betreuer] Tiegs. "Characterization of heme oxygenase 1 based therapy options in chronic persistent HCV infection / Janine Kah. Betreuer: Gisa Tiegs." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054422737/34.
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Nickle, David C. "Molecular evolutionary methods to design an effective HIV vaccine and to determine the mechanism of HIV persistence /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11502.
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Pantry, Shara. "Persistent Infection with Human Herpesvirus-6 in Patients with an Inherited Form of the Virus: A Newly Described Disease." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4928.
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Human Herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) and 6B (HHV-6B) are ubiquitous betaherpesviruses. Both viruses are associated with a variety of adult disorders including neurological disorder, such as multiple sclerosis and chronic fatigue syndrome. HHV-6 viruses are capable of establishing latency by integration into the telomeres of the host chromosome and are transmitted in a Mendelian manner in approximately one percent of the population. To date little is known about the immunological and neurological consequences of HHV-6 inheritance. This study focused on a unique population of individuals that inherited HHV-6 and present with chronic fatigue-like symptoms, including hypersomnia, generalized fatigue, headache, and short term and long term memory impairment. The central hypothesis of this study was that active replication of HHV-6 correlates with patient symptoms. To address this aim we first looked at the reactivation of integrated HHV-6 in vitro by inducing viral replication with epigenetic modifiers trichostatin A (TSA), valproic acid, sodium butyrate, and carbamazepine, and found TSA to be an effective method of inducing reactivation of HHV-6 from its integrated form. Additionally, a reactivated HHV-6A virus isolated from a patient with inherited HHV-6 was fully sequenced and the nucleotide and amino acid sequence was compared to that of fully sequenced HHV-6 laboratory strains, as well as the inherited virus. The reactivated virus was found to be very similar to the HHV-6A GS strain; however, there was some divergence at the right end of the viral genome and regions of the genome that do not contain herpesvirus core genes. Interestingly, the sequenced reactivated virus was found to differ from the HHV-6 virus which was inherited. Finally, HHV-6 replication was assessed by performing reverse transcriptase PCR assay for the viral glycoprotein U100 in patients receiving antiviral treatment. Results indicated that short term antiviral treatment was insufficient to abrogate viral replication, while treatment of six weeks or longer eliminated viral mRNA in patient blood samples. Furthermore, sequencing of the viral mRNA and inherited viral DNA indicate that the source of the mRNA detected in patient blood samples was an exogenously acquired HHV-6 virus, as the U100 glycoprotein sequences were not identical. Together these studies indicate that although HHV-6 can be reactivated from its integrated form, individuals in this unique population harbored an exogenous HHV-6 virus, in addition to the inherited virus; we termed this condition inherited herpesvirus syndrome. The fact that these individuals are able to acquire exogenous HHV-6 viruses suggest that there may be some level of immune tolerance or immune dysfunction; we suggest that further studies focus on uncovering the immune response to HHV-6 in individuals with an inherited form of the virus.
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Chen, Hui-Chi, and 陳慧祺. "Molecular Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Neoplasia: Roles of HPV Genotype, Viral Load, Integration and Persistence in the Development of Cervical Neoplasia." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24240860220598255418.
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博士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>流行病學研究所<br>96<br>Cervical cancer is the second common cancer in the world and has been the leading female cancer in Taiwan over than a decade. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is well documented as the necessary cause of cervical cancer. But most previous studies were based on the cross-sectional case-control design, which can neither differentiate transient and persistent infection nor clarify the causal temporality of risk factor exposure and health outcome. The best way to examine the causation between HPV infection and various cancers should be based on a long-term follow-up study with repeated measurement of HPV infection.
In this study, 11,923 women were recruited as cohort members from a community-based cancer screening project (CBCSP) since 1991. Participants received health examinations in two bi-annual cycles in 1991-1993 and 1993-1995. After giving their informed consent, cohort members were personally interviewed according to a structured questionnaire to obtain information on socio-demographical characteristics and history of exposures to various cancer risk factors. Virapaps were used to collect cervical cells. Pap smear and health examination were performed. All women with suspected squamous intraepithelial lesions were further examined by colposcopy-guided biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. They were referred to intensive follow-up examinations every four months. The cervical cell samples and Pap smear were collected at baseline and follow-up were tested for HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction and genotyping by EasyChip. For cohort members infected with HPV types 16, 18, 52 and 58 further tests on viral load and integration into host genome will be carried out. During follow-up, cases of newly-diagnosed cervical cancers and cervical neoplasia will be ascertained through data linkage with profiles of National Cancer Registry and National Death Certification Registry.
Through this long-term follow-up study in CBCSP woman cohort with repeated measurements of HPV infection, we found HPV prevalence was 24.5% and HPV16, 18, 52, 58 and 11 were common types. Among normal women with a mean follow-up duration of 1.4 years, the summarized acquisition rate was 8.4% for any type and the mean of type-specific persistence rate was 27.7%. Women had HPV infection, earlier age at initial coitus, douching use after sexual intercourse, or not currently married had higher risk to acquire newly infection. The determinants for HPV persistence were higher age, high frequency of vaginal delivery, IUD user or post-menopause. With 15-year follow-up, the incidence of cervical cancer for HPV infection and persistence were 171 and 265 per 100000 person-year, the corresponding hazard ratio were 12.8 and 19.6, respectively. HPV16, 18, 52, 58 were the major high-risk types associated with cervical cancer in Taiwan. Around 63% of cervical cancer could be attributed with these 4 types and 51% for HPV16 and/or 18, which vaccine against. In our study, HPV persistence was confirmed the pivotal role in the natural history of cervical cancer with a 44.3-fold risk, once the virus was cleared, the risk was non-significant (HR=2.4, 0.6-9.0). The viral load of HPV16, 18, 52 or 58 associated with persistence in a dose-response relationship and higher viral load (>10^4 copies/ 50ng DNA) was more likely to develop cervical cancer during follow-up; lowering viral load had a protective effect (HR=0.1, 0.03-0.3) with cancer incidence. The integration was associated with cervical neoplasia in the cross-sectional study, however, it couldn’t predict the risks of HPV persistence and cervical cancer in the longitudinal study.
The findings will be useful for the primary prevention, early detection and intervention for cervical cancer.
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Chen, Hui-Chi. "Molecular Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Neoplasia: Roles of HPV Genotype, Viral Load, Integration and Persistence in the Development of Cervical Neoplasia." 2008. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2807200818552100.
Full textBooks on the topic "Persistent HPV infection"
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Bauer, Henry H. The origin, persistence, and failings of HIV/AIDS theory. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 2005.
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Herrero, Rolando, and Raul Murillo. Cervical Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0048.
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Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, with more than 500,000 cases and 250,000 deaths per year. The disease is characterized by marked regional differences, with more than 80% of the cases and deaths occurring in developing countries. The etiology and natural history of the disease are very well studied, with persistent infection with one of thirteen human papillomavirus (HPV) types now considered to be a necessary cause. The molecular mechanisms have also been elucidated and are mediated mainly by the expression of viral oncogenes that interfere with cellular pathways. The two most common HPV types, namely HPV-16 and HPV-18, are associated with about 70% of all cases around the world. Immunologic (e.g., HIV infection), hormonal (e.g., high parity), environmental (e.g., smoking), and genetic (e.g., HLA type) cofactors determine the risk of persistence and cancer among women harboring HPV infection.
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Grulich, Andrew E., Fengyi Jin, and I. Mary Poynten. Anal Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0037.
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Anal canal cancer is a generally uncommon cancer that has been increasing in incidence for several decades. In most geographic locations, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for 70% or more of cases, and incidence is slightly higher in women than in men. The remaining cases are mainly adenocarcinoma, but the degree to which this represents misclassified rectal cancer is uncertain. In almost all cases, anal SCC is caused by persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV); HPV-16 accounts for 75% or more of all cases. Survival is highly stage-dependent, and cure is usual if the cancer is diagnosed early. The main risk factor is anal exposure to HPV, and for this reason homosexual men are at particularly high risk. In women, risk is increased in those with higher numbers of sexual partners, and in those with a history of HPV-related disease at genital sites.
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Cervical Dysplasia: Education for Patients and the Public. Exon Publications, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36255/cervical-dysplasia-patient-public-education.
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Cervical dysplasia is a medical condition where abnormal cells develop on the surface of the cervix. While not cancer, some forms of dysplasia, especially high-grade types, may become cancerous over time if not treated. This article offers a clear and comprehensive explanation of cervical dysplasia, covering its causes, signs, risk factors, and available treatments. It begins with a simple definition and then explores how the condition is linked to persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus, or HPV. The article explains how cervical dysplasia is discovered through routine screening tests like the Pap smear and HPV testing. It outlines how results are interpreted and what follow-up steps are often required. Readers will learn the difference between low-grade and high-grade dysplasia, what each grade means, and the available options to monitor or treat these abnormalities. Further sections discuss common procedures such as loop electrosurgical excision and cone biopsy, with reassurance that chemotherapy, radiation, and other aggressive treatments are not typically needed. The article also describes the emotional impact of diagnosis and the importance of support, follow-up care, and regular screening. This information helps clarify what cervical dysplasia is, what it is not, and how women can take informed steps to protect their health.The article is written in simple terms to ensure it is understandable for all readers.
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Global HIV/AIDS politics, policy and activism: Persistent challenges and emerging issues. Praeger, an imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2013.
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Bauer, Henry H. The Origin, Persistence and Failings of HIV/AIDS Theory. McFarland & Company, 2007.
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Cox, Josephine H., Stuart Z. Shapiro, Liza Dawson, Cynthia Geppert, Andrew M. Siegel, and M. Patricia D’Souza. Vaccines for The Prevention and Treatment of HIV Infection. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0032.
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While the HIV/AIDS pandemic continues, the overall incidence of HIV infections has fallen through use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and multiple prevention modalities. To achieve a durable end to the pandemic and avoid the requirement for daily antiretroviral medication over a lifetime, a safe and effective prophylactic vaccine remains essential. This chapter reviews current advances in prophylactic and therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine strategies and the challenges that lie ahead. Recent success in isolation of potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) from infected individuals, the discovery of mechanisms of bnAb induction, and progress in understanding mechanisms of CD8 T-cell killing of HIV-infected cells and the structure of the HIV envelope trimer have opened new strategies for HIV vaccine design. On the therapeutic front, the persistence of HIV reservoirs remains a formidable obstacle to achieving sustained virological remission in HIV-infected individuals after ART is discontinued. Development of a new generation of immune-based therapeutic agents might contribute to a curative intervention. The chapter closes with an overview of ethical challenges in vaccine development and clinical testing.
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Carrico, Adam W., and Michael H. Antoni. Psychoneuroimmunology and HIV. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0021.
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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) examines the biological and behavioral pathways whereby psychosocial factors may influence the course of chronic medical conditions, including HIV/AIDS. This chapter summarizes PNI research conducted examining the possible role of negative life events (including bereavement), stress reactivity, personality factors, cognitive appraisals, and affective states (depression) in HIV illness progression. Because much of this research was conducted in the era prior to the advent of effective antiretroviral therapy, important questions remain regarding whether there the associations of psychosocial factors with HIV illness progression are independent of medication adherence and persistence. There is also increasing recognition that chronic viral infections such as HIV have neuropsychiatric effects, and more recent PNI research has focused on studying the bidirectional communication between the immune system and central nervous system in HIV. Future research should focus on obtaining definitive answers to these questions to inform the development of novel approaches for reducing psychiatric symptoms and optimizing health outcomes among persons with HIV.
Book chapters on the topic "Persistent HPV infection"
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Castro, Victoria, Ginés Ávila-Pérez, Lidia Mingorance, and Pablo Gastaminza. "A Cell Culture Model for Persistent HCV Infection." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8976-8_10.
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Margolis, David M. "Latency Reversal and Clearance of Persistent HIV Infection." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1871-4_25.
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Maltsev, Dmytro. "Results of valacyclovir, valganciclovir, artesunate for the treatment of reactivated EBV-, HHV-6-, HHV-7-infections in children with autism spectrum disorders associated with genetic deficiency of the folate cycle." In IMMUNODIAGNOSTICS AND IMMUNOTHERAPY OF NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS IN CHILDREN. TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC, 2025. https://doi.org/10.15587/978-617-8360-21-4.ch8.
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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD), which currently affect at least 1 % of the modern child population and continue to increase in prevalence, are a global problem that requires urgent attention. However, the FDA has not yet approved any drug to modify the course of ASD in children or to treat mental illness. The results of 5 recent meta-analyses and systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials demonstrate the association of ASD with genetic deficiencies of folic acid cycle enzymes (GDFC), which sheds light on the pathogenetic pathways of the formation of a state of transmethylation disorders, persistent oxidative stress, immunodeficiency and related immune dysregulation, and reactivation of opportunistic infections, which are considered important pathways of brain damage in children with ASD. According to the data of a systematic review by Hughes H.K. et al. on the state of the immune system, children with ASD have impaired cytokine balance, quantitative disorders of immunocompetent cells, signs of persistent neuroglial inflammation in the CNS, defects in the functioning of the adaptive and innate immune systems, pathological deviations in serum concentrations of immunoglobulins of different classes and subclasses, as well as signs of autoimmune reactions to neurons, myelin, and extracerebral autoantigens. Due to immune dysfunction in ASD, resistance to a number of microorganisms is reduced. A number of clinical reports and results of controlled studies have been published on the development of severe infections caused by opportunistic and conditionally pathogenic microbial agents in children with ASD. This phenomenon can be explained by the damage to the immune system induced by both GDFC and other genetic abnormalities associated with ASD. One of the key intracellular opportunistic agents that undergo reactivation in the body of children with ASD is herpesviruses. Currently, the typical development of infections caused by various types of herpes in children with ASD has been repeatedly reported, including reactivation of HSV-1, EBV, CMV and HHV-6.
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Viswasam, Nikita, Justice Rivera, Carly Comins, Amrita Rao, Carrie E. Lyons, and Stefan Baral. "The Epidemiology of HIV Among Sex Workers Around the World: Implications for Research, Programmes, and Policy." In Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64171-9_2.
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AbstractGlobally, sex workers of all genders and identities continue to face disproportionately high burdens of HIV, demonstrating the need for programmes better tailoring services to their unmet needs. The reasons for this high burden are complex, intersecting across behavioural, social, and structural realities experienced by sex workers. Here, we build on systematic reviews of HIV among sex workers and case studies rooted in sex workers’ lived experience to describe: (1) the global HIV burden among sex workers; (2) the factors and determinants that influence the HIV burden; (3) intervention coverage and gaps to reduce HIV-related inequities faced by sex workers, over the past decade.Sex workers living with HIV have not benefited enough from significant increases in HIV treatment among the general population. Engagement in this HIV treatment cascade is hindered by structural factors including stigma, migration, policing, criminalisation, and violence, as well as substance use, which present increasingly concurrent risks with HIV among sex workers.Emerging biomedical HIV prevention innovations exist to support the health and human rights of sex workers and reduce onward transmission risk, but persistent data gaps remain, and should be addressed via community-driven implementation research. Epidemiologic research engaging sex workers who are cismen and transgender persons is similarly crucial. Community empowerment approaches have reduced the odds of HIV infection, highlighting the case for greater investments in structural interventions. These investments, combined with filling data gaps and national action towards sex work decriminalisation alongside legal protections, are critical to achieving reductions in sex workers’ HIV burden.
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Maltsev, Dmytro. "Neuroradiological signs of encephalopathy in children with autism spectrum disorders associated with genetic deficiency of the folate cycle." In IMMUNODIAGNOSTICS AND IMMUNOTHERAPY OF NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS IN CHILDREN. TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC, 2025. https://doi.org/10.15587/978-617-8360-21-4.ch7.
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One of the important advances in psychiatry and neurology in recent years is the elucidation of the association between genetic deficiency of the folate cycle (GDFC) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children. The evidence for such an association is based on the results of at least five meta-analyses of randomized controlled clinical trials and a number of additional randomized controlled trials, the results of which are still not systematized. It has been shown that GDFC leads to the development of a number of typical biochemical disorders, which cause a state of a special form of immunodeficiency and associated persistent oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, including hyperproduction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines with neurotoxic effects, opportunistic neurotropic infections, including those caused by herpes viruses 6 (HHV-6) and 7 types (HHV-7), and anti-brain autoimmune reactions to neuronal autoantigens and myelin. It seems obvious that these three currently known immune-dependent mechanisms of cerebral damage are important in the development of encephalopathy in GDFC, one of the clinical manifestations of which is ASD, but the general concept of the pathogenesis of the disease is still not properly formulated. Since most of the studied pathways of CNS damage in GDFC are immune-mediated, they suggest a specific violation of the neuroimmune interface as a model for forming encephalopathy in such cases, which can be used in planning and conducting further clinical studies in the outlined direction.
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Gissmann, Lutz, and Martin Muller. "Serological immune response to HPV." In Human Papillornaviruses and Cervical Cancer. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198547969.003.0007.
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Abstract Diagnosis of viral infections can be performed by analysing the specimen from the patient either for the presence of the infectious agent (e.g. by infection and growth of the agent in vitro) or by identification of the genome or expression of the genes of the pathogen, that is, the genetic material (by nucleic acid hybridization) or one of the viral proteins (eg. by ELISA). This approach is usually successful during the acute phase of a disease but may fail during the unapparent intermission of an infection as in this situation virus production is usually very low and the test may be negative due to sampling problems. In the case of human papillomaviruses, particularly those which affect the anogenital mucosa, persistent infection without clinical symptoms is a rather common phenomenon (see Chapter 1).
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Eron, Lawrence J. "Papillomavirus in oro-genital infection." In Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease, edited by Cheston B. Cunha. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0189.
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This chapter covers human papillomaviruses (HPV), which cause more than 10,000 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix and more than 4,000 deaths annually each year in the United States. HPV is the third most common cancer in women worldwide, and HPV also causes genital warts and other subclinical disease, making it the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States with as many as 20 million infections. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study reported a 25% prevalence of HPV DNA from vaginal swabs of 20- to 24-year-olds. HPV produces persistent infection that is subclinical and easily transmitted via intercourse, and 80% of sexually active people become infected during their lifetime.
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Sağnıç, Saliha. "Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer." In Cervical Cancer - A Global Public Health Treatise [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98490.
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Cervical cancer is one of the leading female cancers especially in developing countries and a common cause of death among middle-aged women. The main role of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in both cervical cancer and pre-invasive lesions of the cervix has been proven in studies. Reducing the incidence of the disease can be achieved by the regular cervical screening of women and vaccination of appropriate age groups. The disease can be better controlled by better elucidating the details of HPV carcinogenesis, the interaction between the host and the virus, and determinants of the systemic and cellular immune response to the viral infection. HPV causes oropharyngeal and anogenital diseases in both men and women and is usually sexually transmitted. Most infections are transient and could be cleared spontaneously by the host immune system. After the first encounter with HPV infection, it takes years to progress to cervical cancer, which gives clinicians a long period to follow these patients in terms of precancerous lesions and to investigate the pathogenesis of the disease. HPV plays a major role in the development of cervical cancer, but histological types have different relationships with HPV genotypes. HPV can remain latent for a long time and the most important thing determining the persistence is the type of HPV. HPV vaccination provides a direct benefit to both men and women by providing safe protection against cancers that may result from persistent HPV infection.
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D. Pratap, Pushpendra, Syed Tasleem Raza, and Sharique Ahmad. "MICRORNA AS MARKERS INVOLVED IN THE PROGRESSION OF CERVICAL CANCER." In Futuristic Trends in Medical Sciences Volume 3 Book 26. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bfms26p3ch4.
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The most communal cancer-related cause of fatality in women in emerging nations is cervical cancer (CC). Persistent infection with hr-HPV primarily 16/18 is acknowledged as major risk factor for cervical carcinogenesis. However, the fact that only a small number of women who have morphologic manifestations of HPV infection develop invasive illness suggests the presence of additional variables in the development of CC. Conserved tiny ncRNAs termed as miRNAs, control the genes expression, comprising those intricate in basic living processes and human cancer. MiRNA Dysregulation has frequently been linked to CC. Evaluating the miRNAs impacted by the infection process of HPV and the miRNAs that support the growth and upkeep of malignant cervical tumour cells are the main objectives of this study.
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Muhammad Bello, Zakariyya, Sharafudeen Dahiru Abubakar, Imam Malik Kabir, and Lukman Yusuf. "Cytologic Monitoring, Management of Cervical Cancer, and Control of Human Papillomavirus." In Cervical Cancer - Recent Advances and New Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1002904.
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Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death among women that is caused by Human Papillomavirus, a double-stranded virus that leads to cellular alterations in the cervical squamocolumnar junction. Most HPV infections are cleared by the host immune system, while very low cases progress to invasive carcinoma due to persistent infection and other contributory risk factors. Several screening techniques have been devised over the years to detect Human Papillomavirus at an early stage, the most common being the Pap smear test, which is capable of detecting benign cellular changes and also squamous intraepithelial neoplasias. Other important techniques involve visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), colposcopy, and HPV DNA testing. In addition, recent advances have led to the development of new techniques such as biosensor and bioreceptor technology and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Several methods have been in place to prevent the increased incidence of cervical cancer. Among these is the development of Prophylactic HPV vaccines, which elicit a humoral immune response against about 15 HPV genotypes but have the limitation of not curing an established cancer. Several trials are underway on developing a therapeutic vaccine that will be effective in curing cervical cancer.
Conference papers on the topic "Persistent HPV infection"
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Herman, B. "APPLICATIONS OF LASER OPTICAL MICROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES IN DECIPHERING DISEASE SPECIFIC MECHANISMS AND DIAGNOSIS." In Biomedical Optical Spectroscopy and Diagnostics. Optica Publishing Group, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bosd.1996.ft5.
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Accumulating evidence strongly associates human papillomavirus infection with the development of cervical cancers. However, it has also become increasingly clear that HPV infections of the cervix span a wide clinical spectrum from benign lesions to precancerous lesions, with only a minority of infections resulting in invasive cancers, although the reasons for this are not clear. Longitudinal epidemiologic studies using cytologic methods to detect HPV infection have shown that the majority of women infected with HPV will regress spontaneously. In addition, age-stratified data for rates of HPV positivity from cross-sectional studies also suggest that many women clear the infection spontaneously. These results support the concept that many women may be only transiently infected with HPV during their life span and only in women with persistent HPV infection does cervical cancer progress. In addition to persistence of HPV infection, recent epidemiological studies indicate that the amount of high-risk HPV (viral load or HPV gene copy number) in cervicovaginal epithelial cells may be a risk factor for cervical cancer. Thus, a technique which could detect, genotype and quantitate HPV in smears of cervicovaginal epithelial cells would be of major import in assessment of patient clinical status as well as in epidemiological studies relating HPV infection to cervical cancer.
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Glišović, Ana, Tijana Relić, and Nikola Mihajlović. "HPV genotyping at the City Institute for Public Health Belgrade from January 2023 to July 2024." In Proceedings of the International Congress Public Health - Achievements and Challenges. Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/batutphco24122g.
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Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is an indispensable factor in the carcinogenesis of the cervical epithelium. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV genotypes poses a particular risk. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, molecular biological assays that detect the presence of HPV DNA and determine the viral genotype in cervical samples are diagnostically superior for early infection detection compared to conventional cytological Pap smears. Objectives and Methods: To present the results of HPV genotyping from endocervical swab samples at the City Institute for Public Health Belgrade. In this study, we employed the Sansure Biotech diagnostic kit for HPV genotyping. Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (rtPCR) methodology (utilizing specific primer pairs and specific fluorescent probes), this kit detects 15 high-risk HPV genotypes (HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68). The research included test subjects whose clinical indications warranted the reason for testing. Results: From January 2023 to July 2024, a total of 292 HPV genotyping tests were conducted; 96 (32.9%) were positive for high-risk genotypes. The most frequently detected genotype was HPV16 (30.2%), while HPV18, HPV52, HPV53 and HPV68 were equally represented (approximately 20%). Other genotypes included in the test panel were detected sporadically. According to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), the most common referral diagnosis for testing was N72 - inflammation of the cervix (63%), with high-risk genotypes confirmed in 35% of these cases. Conclusion: HPV genotyping confirms the importance of applying molecular biological techniques in the early diagnosis of HPV infection and the prevention of cervical epithelial carcinogenesis. This method also becomes a significant tool in improving cervical cancer screening strategies in the future.
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Acosta, Pablo Moreno, Diana Mayorga, and Nicolas Magné. "Abstract A20: Persistent high-risk HPV infection in the development of uterine cervical cancer." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on the Microbiome, Viruses, and Cancer; February 21-24, 2020; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.mvc2020-a20.
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Grennan, Troy, Marek Smieja, Max Chernesky, et al. "P2.45 High burden of persistent oncogenic hpv infection in high-risk, hiv-negative men who have sex with men using a novel hpv e6/e7 mrna assay." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.221.
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Araújo, Simone Rodrigues da Silva, Ludmilla Pinto Guiotti Cintra Abreu, Marilene dos Santos Pereira, et al. "Safety and effectiveness analysis of the HPV vaccine: Comprehensive review." In III Seven International Medical and Nursing Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/iiicongressmedicalnursing-005.
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Cervical cancer has become a serious public health problem in Brazil, as it is a slow-developing disease with a high impact on prevalence and mortality rates, especially in women with lower social and economic status who are in the productive period of their lives. It can be triggered by persistent infection with oncogenic subtypes of the Human Papillomavirus, mainly 16 and 18. The objective of this narrative review was to analyze and review the main articles available on the safety and effectiveness of the HPV vaccine. This is a comprehensive review of the literature, with narrative synthesis. This methodological type allows a broader view of a given subject. From this study, it was possible to identify that the HPV vaccine is considered the most effective measure for the prevention of cervical cancer. It is safe, immunogenic and highly effective. Further studies are suggested in the future to improve understanding, as well as to disseminate information for health promotion.
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Nuno, Tomas, Francisco A. R. Garcia, Terri Cornelison, et al. "Abstract C50: Results of a phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of Polyphenon E in women with persistent high-risk HPV infection and low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia." In Abstracts: Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; Oct 27-30, 2013; National Harbor, MD. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6215.prev-13-c50.
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Kumar, Anoop, Inderjit Singh Yadav, Rupinder Sekhon, Dwaipayan Bharadwaj, and Mausumi Bharadwaj. "Identification of T- and B-cell epitopes in HPV-16 E7 gene isolated from cervical cancer patients." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685256.
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Introduction: In India, cervical cancer is the most common cancer among females. Persistence infection with high risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) is an etiological agent for cervical cancer development, especially HPV-16 is found to be exclusively high in cervical cancer cases in Indian population. The continuous expression and transforming ability of HPV E7 helps in progression of cervical cancer and other HPV related disease, which make E7 as a suitable targets for the development of therapeutic vaccines. Objectives: Identification of T-& B-cell epitopes HPV-16 E7 gene isolated from in cervical cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 cervical cancer tissue biopsies were collected and processed for DNA extraction, HPV diagnosis and genotyping. E7 gene of HPV-16 positive samples were amplified and sequenced. Epitopes in E7 gene sequence were predicted by online freely available tools. Results: In the present study we got 72 samples (90%) were positive for HPV and out of which 68 samples (94.4%) were positive for the HPV-16. HPV-16 positive samples were sequenced and translated. IEDB server was used for epitope analysis; 12 potent epitopes for the MHC-I alleles were identified in isolated E7 gene of HPV-16. The most potent epitopes were MHGDTPTLHEYM for HLA-C*07:01; LLMGTLGIVCPI for HLA-A*02:01 and MHGDTPTLHEYML for HLA-C*07:01; having percentile rank 0.2 for all three and antigencity score of 0.20011, 0.15358 and 0.10735, respectively. Conclusion: This is an effective strategy to design immuno-therapeutics and therapeutic vaccine against HPV using E7 as target. These findings will be helpful in the development of effective vaccine for particular geographical region.
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Wood, G., L. Aguila, and D. Patton. "O01.5 Antigenic variation in a primate model of persistent Mycoplasma genitalium infection." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress, July 14–17 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2021-sti.52.
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Hananta, IPutu Yuda, Henry John Christiaan De Vries, Alje P. Van Dam, Martijn Sebastiaan Van Rooijen, Hardyanto Soebono, and Maarten Franciscus Schim Van Der Loeff. "O05.2 Pharyngeal gonococcal infection: spontaneous clearance and persistence after treatment." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.25.
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Piermatteo, L., R. Salpini, S. D’Anna, et al. "OC-38 Persistent HBV cryptic activity is frequently revealed among anti-HBc positive/HBsAg negative people living with HIV infection during HBV-active ART and can jeopardize the full control of HIV replication." In Abstracts from the 16° Italian Conference on AIDS and Antiviral Research. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-icar-2024.35.
Full textReports on the topic "Persistent HPV infection"
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Díaz, Lina M., Déborah Martínez Villarreal, Karina Olenka Stella Marquez Guerra, and Carlos Scartascini. Combating Vaccine Hesitancy: The Case of HPV Vaccination. Inter-American Development Bank, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18235/0013410.
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Cervical cancer, primarily caused by persistent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women in developing countries. Although HPV vaccines are widely available in these regions, vaccine uptake remains persistently low. To address behavioral barriers contributing to this low demand, we evaluated the effectiveness of a behaviorally informed SMS campaign targeting parents in Cali, Colombia. Our study included 15,231 parents, who were randomized into six groups: control, placebo, and four behaviorally informed treatment groups, forming a large-scale study of text-based nudges. Participants received tailored messages over eight weeks. The intervention yielded significant increases in vaccination rates, with improvements ranging from 34% to 55%. Furthermore, the economic analysis demonstrated that the intervention generated between USD 3.6 and USD 5.75 in economic benefits for every dollar spent, primarily due to prevented deaths. These findings underscore the potential of behavioral interventions in enhancing HPV vaccination rates among parents and emphasize the cost-effectiveness and relative success of each intervention strategy. This study provides actionable insights for public health officials to design targeted strategies that address vaccination disparities and promote preventive healthcare practices.
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Perlman, Daniel M., Neil M. Ampel, Ron B. Schifman, David L. Cohn, and Charlotte M. Patton. Persistent Campylobacter Jejuni Infections in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Defense Technical Information Center, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada265459.
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Splitter, Gary, Zeev Trainin, and Yacov Brenner. Lymphocyte Response to Genetically Engineered Bovine Leukemia Virus Proteins in Persistently Lymphocytic Cattle from Israel and the U.S. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570556.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this proposal was to identify proteins of BLV recognized by lymphocyte subpopulations and determine the contribution of these proteins to viral pathogenesis. Our hypothesis was that BLV pathogenesis is governed by the T-cell response and that the immune system likely plays an important role in controlling the utcome of infection. Our studies presented in ths final report demonstrate that T cell competency declines with advancing stages of infection. Dramatic differences were observed in lymphocyte proliferation to recombinant proteins encoded by BLV gag (p12, p15, and p24) and env (gp30 and gp15) genes in different disease stages. Because retroviruses are known to mutate frequently, examinatin of infected cattle from both Israel and the United States will likely detect variability in the immune response. This combined research approach provides the first opportunity to selectively address the importance of T-cell proliferation to BLV proteins and cytokines produced during different stages of BLV infection. Lack of this information regarding BLV infection has hindered understanding lympocyte regulation of BLV pathogenesis. We have developed the essential reagents necessary to determine the prominence of different lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokines produced during the different disease stages within the natural host. We found that type 1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-g) increased in PBMCs from animals in early disease, and decreasd in PBMCs from animals in late disease stages of BLV infection, while IL-10, increased with disease progression. Recently, a dichotomy between IL-12 and IL-10 has emerged in regards to progression of a variety of diseases. IL-12 activates type 1 cytokine production and has an antagonistic effect on type 2 cytokines. Here, using quantitative competitive PCR, we show that peripheral blood mononuclear cells from bovine leukemia virus infected animals in the alymphocytotic disease stage express increased amount of IL-12 p40 mRNA. In contrast, IL-12 p40 mRNA expression by PL animals was significantly decreased compared to normal and alymphocytotic animals. To examine the functions of these cytokines on BLV expression, BLV tax and pol mRNA expression and p24 protein production were quantified by competitive PCR, and by immunoblotting, respectively. IL-10 inhibited BLV tax and pol mRNA expression by BLV-infected PBMCs. In addition, we determined that macrophages secret soluble factor(s) that activate BLV expression, and that secretion of the soluble factor(s) could be inhibited by IL-10. In contrast, IL-2 increased BLV tax and pol mRNA, and p24 protein production. These findings suggest that macrophages have a key role in regulating BLV expression, and IL-10 produced by BLV-infected animals in late disease stages may serve to control BLV expression, while IL-2 in the early stage of disease may activate BLV expression. PGE2 is an important immune regulator produced only by macrophages, and is known to facilitate HIV replication. We hypothesized that PGE2 may regulate BLV expression. Here, we show that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression was decreased in PBMCs treated with IL-10, while IL-2 enhanced COX-2 mRNA expression. In contrast, addition of PGE2 stimulated BLV tax and pol mRNA expression. In addition, the specific COX-2 inhibitor, NS-398, inhibited BLV expression, while addition of PGE2 increased BLV tax expression regardless of NS-398. These findings suggest that macrophage derived cyclooxygenase -2 products, such as PGE2, may regulate virus expression and disease rogression in BLV infection, and that cytokines (IL-2 and IL-10) may regulate BLV expression through PGE2 production.
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Vignoles, Christopher, and Anneke Jessen. CARICOM Report No. 2 (2005). Inter-American Development Bank, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008587.
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Economic growth in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) has been slow in the last two decades, averaging just 1.8 percent a year, compared to annual growth of 3.5 percent in the world economy and 4.3 percent in developing countries. Growth has varied considerably among CARICOM¿s 15 member states, but in most countries it has slowed over the years. The Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), for example, witnessed above-average growth of 5.4 percent a year in the period 1984-1994, but only 3.3 percent in 1994-1999, and only 1.2 percent in 1999-2004. Of the remaining CARICOM countries, only four have seen accelerated growth in recent years. Unemployment rates are high throughout the region, particularly among younger workers. Apart from slow growth and high unemployment, CARICOM countries face many other problems, among them a high prevalence and rising incidence of HIV/AIDS infections; persistent poverty in several countries of the region; high rates of drug abuse, violence and crime linked to the narcotics trade; and recurring devastation caused by hurricanes and other natural disasters. Meanwhile, the world economy is changing rapidly, requiring huge efforts among the small Caribbean countries to adjust to change while continuing to pursue growth and development.
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Cancers Associated with Human Papillomavirus. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U.S.). Division of Cancer Prevention and Control., 2024. https://doi.org/10.15620/cdc/174569.
Full textAbstract:
According to data from 2017 to 2021, an estimated 47,984 new cases of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers were reported in the United States each year, including 26,280 among females and 21,704 among males. Cervical cancer is the most common HPV-associated cancer among females, and oropharyngeal cancers (cancers of the back of the throat, including the base of the tongue and tonsils) are the most common among males. HPV is a recognized cause of cancer. Although most HPV infections are asymptomatic and clear spontaneously, persistent infections can progress to precancer or cancer. HPV causes most cervical cancers, as well as some cancers of the vagina, vulva, penis, anus, and oropharynx. Cancer registries do not routinely collect information about HPV status, so in this report, HPV-associated cancers are defined as those that occur in parts of the body where HPV is often found.