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Journal articles on the topic 'Persistent propagative transmission'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Smith, Grant R., and Judith M. Candy. "Improving Fiji disease resistance screening trials in sugarcane by considering virus transmission class and possible origin of Fiji disease virus." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 6 (2004): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03241.

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Fiji disease virus is a propagative, persistently transmitted virus that multiplies in species of the delphacid planthopper genus Perkinsiella, and in sugarcane, the feeding host of the insect. Efforts to improve and modify the disease rating system for Fiji disease have largely focussed on the planthopper as individual vectors of the virus, rather than as a population of the principal, or at least an alternative, host of the virus. This perspective has resulted in key parameters of disease incidence resulting from plant infection by propagative, persistently transmitted viruses being largely

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2

Mou, De-Fen, Wei-Te Chen, Wei-Hua Li, et al. "Transmission mode of watermelon silver mottle virus by Thrips palmi." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (2021): e0247500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247500.

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Thrips and thrips-transmitted tospoviruses cause significant losses in crop yields worldwide. The melon thrips (Thrips palmi) is not only a pest of cucurbit crops, but also a vector that transmits tospoviruses, such as the watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV). Vector transmission of tospoviruses has been well studied in the tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)–Frankliniella occidentalis model system; however, until now the transmission mode of WSMoV by T. palmi has not been sufficiently examined. The results of the transmission assays suggest that T. palmi transmits WSMoV in a persistent manner,

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3

Li, Wei-Hua, De-Fen Mou, Chien-Kuei Hsieh, Sung-Hsia Weng, Wen-Shi Tsai, and Chi-Wei Tsai. "Vector Transmission of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Thailand Virus by the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci: Circulative or Propagative?" Insects 12, no. 2 (2021): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12020181.

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Viruses that cause tomato yellow leaf curl disease are part of a group of viruses of the genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae. Tomato-infecting begomoviruses cause epidemics in tomato crops in tropical, subtropical, and Mediterranean climates, and they are exclusively transmitted by Bemisia tabaci in the field. The objective of the present study was to examine the transmission biology of the tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV) by B. tabaci, including virus-infected tissues, virus translocation, virus replication, and transovarial transmission. The results demonstrated that the

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4

Ghosh, Saptarshi, Ola Jassar, Svetlana Kontsedalov, et al. "A Transcriptomics Approach Reveals Putative Interaction of Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum with the Endoplasmic Reticulum of Its Psyllid Vector." Insects 10, no. 9 (2019): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10090279.

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Candidatus Liberibacter solanacerum (CLso), transmitted by Bactericera trigonica in a persistent and propagative mode causes carrot yellows disease, inflicting hefty economic losses. Understanding the process of transmission of CLso by psyllids is fundamental to devise sustainable management strategies. Persistent transmission involves critical steps of adhesion, cell invasion, and replication before passage through the midgut barrier. This study uses a transcriptomic approach for the identification of differentially expressed genes with CLso infection in the midguts, adults, and nymphs of B.

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5

Du, Zhenzhen, Yumei Fu, Yan Liu, and Xifeng Wang. "Transmission Characteristics of Wheat Yellow Striate Virus by its Leafhopper Vector Psammotettix alienus." Plant Disease 104, no. 1 (2020): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-19-0934-re.

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Wheat yellow striate virus (WYSV), which is found in wheat fields of Northwest China and transmitted by leafhopper vector Psammotettix alienus, is a tentative new species in the genus Nucleorhabdovirus. Although the insect vector and host range of WYSV have been characterized, many aspects of the acquisition and transmission processes by its insect vector have not been elucidated. Here, the transmission parameters of WYSV by P. alienus were determined using wheat cv. Yangmai 12 as the indicator plant under a controlled temperature (23 ± 1°C) and photoperiod (16 h of light). The results showed

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Matsukura, Keiichiro, Tomomi Towata, Kazuhiro Yoshida, et al. "Quantitative Analysis of Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus in Sogatella furcifera and Virus Threshold for Transmission." Phytopathology® 105, no. 4 (2015): 550–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-05-14-0142-r.

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We investigated Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) accumulation in a vector insect, the whitebacked planthopper (Sogatella furcifera), to elucidate the association of virus accumulation in the vector with virus transmission efficiency. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed that this virus is transmitted in a persistent-propagative manner. SRBSDV was successfully transmitted by S. furcifera males in which RNA accumulation of the capsid protein gene of SRBSDV was >103 in the whole body of S. furcifera, indicating that the thre

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7

Abt, Isabelle, Marlène Souquet, Gersende Angot, et al. "Functional Transcomplementation between Wheat Dwarf Virus Strains in Wheat and Barley." Viruses 12, no. 1 (2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12010034.

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Wheat dwarf virus, transmitted by the leafhopper Psammotettix alienus in a persistent, non-propagative manner, infects numerous species from the Poaceae family. Data associated with wheat dwarf virus (WDV) suggest that some isolates preferentially infect wheat while other preferentially infect barley. This allowed to define the wheat strain and the barley strain. There are contradictory results in the literature regarding the ability of each of these two strains to infect its non-preferred host. To improve knowledge on the interactions between WDV strains and barley and wheat, transmission exp

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8

Whitfield, A. E., N. K. K. Kumar, D. Rotenberg, et al. "A Soluble Form of the Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) Glycoprotein GN (GN-S) Inhibits Transmission of TSWV by Frankliniella occidentalis." Phytopathology® 98, no. 1 (2008): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-98-1-0045.

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Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is an economically important virus that is transmitted in a persistent propagative manner by its thrips vector, Frankliniella occidentalis. Previously, we found that a soluble form of the envelope glycoprotein GN (GN-S) specifically bound thrips midguts and reduced the amount of detectable virus inside midgut tissues. The aim of this research was to (i) determine if GN-S alters TSWV transmission by thrips and, if so, (ii) determine the duration of this effect. In one study, insects were given an acquisition access period (AAP) with GN-S mixed with purified viru

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9

Rotenberg, Dorith, Nallur K. Krishna Kumar, Diane E. Ullman, et al. "Variation in Tomato spotted wilt virus Titer in Frankliniella occidentalis and Its Association with Frequency of Transmission." Phytopathology® 99, no. 4 (2009): 404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-99-4-0404.

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Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is transmitted in a persistent propagative manner by Frankliniella occidentalis, the western flower thrips. While it is well established that vector competence depends on TSWV acquisition by young larvae and virus replication within the insect, the biological factors associated with frequency of transmission have not been well characterized. We hypothesized that the number of transmission events by a single adult thrips is determined, in part, by the amount of virus harbored (titer) by the insect. Transmission time-course experiments were conducted using a leaf

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10

Edwards, Michael C., John J. Weiland, Jane Todd, and Lucy R. Stewart. "Infectious Maize rayado fino virus from Cloned cDNA." Phytopathology® 105, no. 6 (2015): 833–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-14-0250-r.

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A full-length cDNA clone was produced from a U.S. isolate of Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV), the type member of the genus Marafivirus within the family Tymoviridae. Infectivity of transcripts derived from cDNA clones was demonstrated by infection of maize plants and protoplasts, as well as by transmission via the known leafhopper vectors Dalbulus maidis and Graminella nigrifrons that transmit the virus in a persistent-propagative manner. Infection of maize plants through vascular puncture inoculation of seed with transcript RNA resulted in the induction of fine stipple stripe symptoms typical

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11

Ćuk, Marina, Zagorka Savić, Renata Iličić, and Ferenc Bagi. "Importance and epidemiology of tomato spotted wilt virus." Biljni lekar 49, no. 2 (2021): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2102148c.

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Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is the most economically important plant viruses from genus Tospovirus. It has a polyphagous character and infects a wide range of very significant agricultural crops. Vectors of viruses are insects from order Thysanoptera (Thripidae) and till know eight species are known to transmit tospoviruses of which Frankliniella occidentalis is considered to be economically most important vector. TSWV is transmitted by thrips in a persistent and propagative manner. Relationship between vector and TSWV is very specific because vectors acquire the virus in the larval stage

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12

Dumón, A. D., E. B. Argüello Caro, M. F. Mattio, V. Alemandri, M. del Vas, and G. Truol. "Co-infection with a wheat rhabdovirus causes a reduction inMal de Río Cuarto virustiter in its planthopper vector." Bulletin of Entomological Research 108, no. 2 (2017): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485317000803.

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AbstractMal de Río Cuarto virus(MRCV,Fijivirus,Reoviridae) causes one of the most important diseases in maize (Zea maysL.) in Argentina and has been detected in mixed infections with a rhabdovirus closely related to Maize yellow striate virus. In nature both viruses are able to infect maize and several grasses including wheat, and are transmitted in a persistent propagative manner byDelphacodes kuscheliFennah (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). This work describes the interactions between MRCV and rhabdovirus within their natural vector and the consequences of such co-infection regarding virus transmiss

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13

Li, Yao, Yunye Zhang, Yin Xiang, Danyu Chen, Jia Hu, and Fang Liu. "Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Chemoreception Organs of Laodelphax striatellus in Response to Rice Stripe Virus Infection." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (2021): 10299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910299.

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Many vector-borne viruses possess the ability to manipulate vector behaviors to facilitate their transmission. There is evidence that the mechanism of this phenomenon has been described in part as direct manipulation through regulating vector chemosensation. Rice stripe virus (RSV) is transmitted by the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen), in a persistent, circulative–propagative manner. The effect of RSV infection on the olfactory system of L. striatellus has not been fully elucidated. Here, we employed transcriptomic sequencing to analyze gene expression profiles in ante

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14

Manzo, Gerardo, and Antonio Picca. "The Impact of Sovereign Shocks." Management Science 66, no. 7 (2020): 3113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.3326.

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This paper studies the dynamic propagation mechanisms of systemic risk shocks within and across macrosystems of governments and financial institutions. We propose a novel approach to identify relevant systemic shocks and to classify them into sovereign or banking categories. We find that sovereign shocks have a significant and persistent impact on the probability of a collective banking default. We also explore channels through which these shocks propagate and identify how sovereign fiscal fragility and banking exposure are relevant mechanisms of shock transmission. This paper was accepted by

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15

Kobayashi, Keiichiro, and Daichi Shirai. "HETEROGENEITY AND REDISTRIBUTION IN FINANCIAL CRISES." Macroeconomic Dynamics 20, no. 6 (2016): 1527–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100514001011.

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This paper presents a simple model of an economy with heterogeneous agents to show that the redistribution of wealth among such agents can play a significant role in the propagation mechanism of financial crises. In an economy where firms with heterogeneous productivity operate under borrowing constraints, the redistribution reproduces hump-shaped responses for output and labor and procyclicality in observed productivity. In this model, a financial shock generates a persistent and hump-shaped response, whereas a productivity shock does not. Further, the redistribution of wealth significantly a

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16

FONTES, INÊS, HANNA HARTIKAINEN, NICK G. H. TAYLOR, and BETH OKAMURA. "Conditional persistence and tolerance characterize endoparasite–colonial host interactions." Parasitology 144, no. 8 (2017): 1052–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017000269.

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SUMMARYColonial hosts offer unique opportunities for exploitation by endoparasites resulting from extensive clonal propagation, but these interactions are poorly understood. The freshwater bryozoan, Fredericella sultana, and the myxozoan, Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, present an appropriate model system for examining such interactions. F. sultana propagates mainly asexually, through colony fragmentation and dormant propagules (statoblasts). Our study examines how T. bryosalmonae exploits the multiple transmission routes offered by the propagation of F. sultana, evaluates the effects of such t

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17

Ding, Quanzhen, Rupak Chatterjee, Yuping Huang, and Ting Yu. "High-dimensional temporal mode propagation in a turbulent environment." quantum Information and Computation 21, no. 3&4 (2021): 233–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic21.3-4-3.

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Temporal modes of photonic quantum states, intrinsically possess high dimensional Hilbert spaces, provide a new framework to develop a robust free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme in a maritime environment. We show that the high-dimensional temporal modes can be used to fulfill a persistent communication channel to achieve high photon-efficiency even in severe weather conditions. We identify the parameter regimes that allow for a high-fidelity quantum information transmission. We also examine how the turbulent environment affects fidelity and entanglement degree in various environme

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18

Volman, Vladislav, and Richard C. Gerkin. "Synaptic Scaling Stabilizes Persistent Activity Driven by Asynchronous Neurotransmitter Release." Neural Computation 23, no. 4 (2011): 927–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00098.

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Small networks of cultured hippocampal neurons respond to transient stimulation with rhythmic network activity (reverberation) that persists for several seconds, constituting an in vitro model of synchrony, working memory, and seizure. This mode of activity has been shown theoretically and experimentally to depend on asynchronous neurotransmitter release (an essential feature of the developing hippocampus) and is supported by a variety of developing neuronal networks despite variability in the size of populations (10–200 neurons) and in patterns of synaptic connectivity. It has previously been

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19

Yao, Fang. "A NOTE ON INCREASING HAZARD FUNCTIONS AND THE MONETARY TRANSMISSION MECHANISM." Macroeconomic Dynamics 20, no. 1 (2014): 446–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100514000376.

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This note studies the implications of the price reset hazard function for the monetary transmission mechanism of sticky price models. I first document some general analytical results that highlight the central role of the price (accumulative) distribution in linking the hazard function and the impulse response function. I find that nominal rigidity underlying increasing hazard functions is more successful than real rigidity in replicating realistic macro persistence. In addition, numerical simulations show that the interaction between the increasing hazard function and the real rigidity provid

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20

Evans, Colin G., Adarli Romero, and Elizabeth C. Cropper. "Inhibition of Afferent Transmission in the Feeding Circuitry of Aplysia: Persistence Can Be as Important as Size." Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 5 (2005): 2940–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01202.2004.

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We are studying afferent transmission from a mechanoafferent, B21, to a follower, B8. During motor programs, afferent transmission is regulated so that it does not always occur. Afferent transmission is eliminated when spike propagation in B21 fails, i.e., when spike initiation is inhibited in one output region-B21's lateral process. Spike initiation in the lateral process is inhibited by the B52 and B4/5 cells. Individual B52 and B4/5-induced inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in B21 differ. For example, the peak amplitude of a B4/5-induced IPSP is four times the amplitude of a B52 IP

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Canale, Maria Cristina, Arthur Fernando Tomaseto, Marineia de Lara Haddad, Helvécio Della Coletta-Filho, and João Roberto Spotti Lopes. "Latency and Persistence of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ in Its Psyllid Vector, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)." Phytopathology® 107, no. 3 (2017): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-02-16-0088-r.

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Although ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (Las) is a major pathogen associated with citrus huanglongbing (HLB), some characteristics of transmission by the psyllid vector Diaphorina citri are not fully understood. We examined the latent period and persistence of transmission of Las by D. citri in a series of experiments at 25°C, in which third-instar psyllid nymphs and 1-week-old adults were confined on infected citrus for an acquisition access period (AAP), and submitted to sequential inoculation access periods (IAPs) on healthy citrus seedlings. The median latent period (LP50, i.e., acqui

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22

Akimov, Sergey, Oksana Yakovleva, Irina Vasilyeva, Carroll McKenzie, and Larisa Cervenakova. "Persistent Propagation of Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Agent in Murine Spleen Stromal Cell Culture with Features of Mesenchymal Stem Cells." Journal of Virology 82, no. 21 (2008): 10959–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01085-08.

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ABSTRACT The transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) through blood transfusions has created new concerns about the iatrogenic spread of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs)/prion diseases through blood and plasma-derived products and has increased the need to develop efficient methods for detection of the agent in biologics. Here, we report the first successful generation of spleen-derived murine stromal cell cultures that persistently propagate two mouse-adapted isolates of human TSE agents, mouse-adapted vCJD, and Fukuoka 1. These new cell cultures can be used ef

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23

Yu, Geng, and Fu Jie Huang. "Directed Flooding Routing Algorithm Based on Location in DTN." Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (November 2013): 1664–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.1664.

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. In allusion to the high delay, restricted nodes resources and lack of persistent end to end connections in Delay /Disruption Tolerant Networks ( DTN) ,this paper proposes a novel directed flooding routing algorithm based on location information. The algorithm combines DTN with the known nodes locations in communication channel to improve the DTN networks topology knowledge to reduce the noneffective duplicate,then conducts single duplicate routing depending on location. The algorithm can increase the directivity and purposiveness of message transmission, decrease the consumption of networks

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24

Gadhave, Kiran R., Saurabh Gautam, Bhabesh Dutta, Tim Coolong, Scott Adkins, and Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan. "Low Frequency of Horizontal and Vertical Transmission of Cucurbit Leaf Crumple Virus in Whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius." Phytopathology® 110, no. 6 (2020): 1235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-19-0337-r.

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Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV), a bipartite begomovirus, is transmitted by whiteflies in a persistent and circulative manner. Like other begomoviruses, CuLCrV transmission via feeding is well understood; however, whether and how CuLCrV is transmitted by horizontal and vertical modes in its vector, Bemisia tabaci, remains unexplored. We studied transovarial and mating transmission of CuLCrV, and comparatively analyzed virus accumulation in whiteflies through feeding and nonfeeding modes. Furthermore, we quantified CuLCrV DNA A accumulation at different time points to determine whether thi

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Thapa, Simrika, Basant Abdulrahman, Dalia H. Abdelaziz, Li Lu, Manel Ben Aissa, and Hermann M. Schatzl. "Overexpression of quality control proteins reduces prion conversion in prion-infected cells." Journal of Biological Chemistry 293, no. 41 (2018): 16069–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra118.002754.

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Prion diseases are fatal infectious neurodegenerative disorders in humans and other animals and are caused by misfolding of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into the pathological isoform PrPSc. These diseases have the potential to transmit within or between species, including zoonotic transmission to humans. Elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying prion propagation and transmission is therefore critical for developing molecular strategies for disease intervention. We have shown previously that impaired quality control mechanisms directly influence prion propagation. In th

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Ng, Mei Rosa, Achim Besser, Gaudenz Danuser, and Joan S. Brugge. "Substrate stiffness regulates cadherin-dependent collective migration through myosin-II contractility." Journal of Cell Biology 199, no. 3 (2012): 545–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201207148.

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The mechanical microenvironment is known to influence single-cell migration; however, the extent to which mechanical cues affect collective migration of adherent cells is not well understood. We measured the effects of varying substrate compliance on individual cell migratory properties in an epithelial wound-healing assay. Increasing substrate stiffness increased collective cell migration speed, persistence, and directionality as well as the coordination of cell movements. Dynamic analysis revealed that wounding initiated a wave of motion coordination from the wound edge into the sheet. This

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Sens, Pierre. "Stick–slip model for actin-driven cell protrusions, cell polarization, and crawling." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 40 (2020): 24670–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011785117.

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Cell crawling requires the generation of intracellular forces by the cytoskeleton and their transmission to an extracellular substrate through specific adhesion molecules. Crawling cells show many features of excitable systems, such as spontaneous symmetry breaking and crawling in the absence of external cues, and periodic and propagating waves of activity. Mechanical instabilities in the active cytoskeleton network and feedback loops in the biochemical network of activators and repressors of cytoskeleton dynamics have been invoked to explain these dynamical features. Here, I show that the int

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28

Shang, Yilun. "Optimal Control Strategies for Virus Spreading in Inhomogeneous Epidemic Dynamics." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 56, no. 3 (2013): 621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-2012-007-2.

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Abstract.In this paper, we study the spread of virus/worm in computer networks with a view to addressing cyber security problems. Epidemic models have been applied extensively to model the propagation of computer viruses, which characterize the fact that infected machines may spread malware to other hosts connected to the network. In our framework, the dynamics of hosts evolves according to a modified inhomogeneous Susceptible-Infectious-Susceptible (SIS) epidemic model with time-varying transmission rate and recovery rate. The infection of computers is subject to direct attack as well as prop

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Grushevaya, Inna, Anastasia Ignatieva, and Yuri Tokarev. "Susceptibility of three species of the genus Ostrinia (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to Nosema pyrausta (Microsporidia: Nosematida)." BIO Web of Conferences 21 (2020): 00040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202100040.

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Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites that affect the population density of many insect pests. In particular, infection with Nosema pyrausta is one of the major mortality factors for the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis, the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis and the adzuki bean borer Ostrinia scapulalis. The purpose of the work is to compare the susceptibility to N. pyrausta and pathogenesis of three species of moths of the genus Ostrinia. Studies conducted over 2 years have shown that in all three species of host insects under laboratory conditions, both during oral infe

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Lan, Hanhong, Hongyan Chen, Yuyan Liu, et al. "Small Interfering RNA Pathway Modulates Initial Viral Infection in Midgut Epithelium of Insect after Ingestion of Virus." Journal of Virology 90, no. 2 (2015): 917–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01835-15.

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ABSTRACTNumerous viruses are transmitted in a persistent manner by insect vectors. Persistent viruses establish their initial infection in the midgut epithelium, from where they disseminate to the midgut visceral muscles. Although propagation of viruses in insect vectors can be controlled by the small interfering RNA (siRNA) antiviral pathway, whether the siRNA pathway can control viral dissemination from the midgut epithelium is unknown. Infection by a rice virus (Southern rice black streaked dwarf virus[SRBSDV]) of its incompetent vector (the small brown planthopper [SBPH]) is restricted to

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SHUI, L., T. JIN, X. F. SUN, and Z. Q. HU. "HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF AM3 NICKEL-BASE SINGLE CRYSTAL SUPERALLOY AT HIGH TEMPERATURE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 15n16 (2010): 2886–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210065805.

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A single crystal nickel-base superalloy with ‹001› orientation was subjected to high cycle fatigue loading at temperature of 700°C and 870°C. The tests were performed in ambient atmosphere under load control at a stress ratio R =σ min /σ max =0.1 and a frequency of 83.3 Hz on smooth specimens. In this paper, the premature initiation and rapid propagation of cracks to failure due to high frequency cyclic loading were explored. The dislocation characteristics and fracture surface observation were evaluated through scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. T

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Madden, L. V., M. J. Jeger, and F. van den Bosch. "A Theoretical Assessment of the Effects of Vector-Virus Transmission Mechanism on Plant Virus Disease Epidemics." Phytopathology® 90, no. 6 (2000): 576–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2000.90.6.576.

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A continuous-time and deterministic model was used to characterize plant virus disease epidemics in relation to virus transmission mechanism and population dynamics of the insect vectors. The model can be written as a set of linked differential equations for healthy (virus-free), latently infected, infectious, and removed (postinfectious) plant categories, and virus-free, latent, and infective insects, with parameters based on the transmission classes, vector population dynamics, immigration/emigration rates, and virus-plant interactions. The rate of change in diseased plants is a function of

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Tkachenko, O. A., D. G. Baksheev, and V. A. Tkachenko. "Aharonov—Bohm oscillations and distributions of equilibrium current in open quantum dot and ring interferometer." Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Materialy Elektronnoi Tekhniki = Materials of Electronics Engineering 22, no. 4 (2020): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1609-3577-2019-4-290-297.

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Magnetotransport in submicron devices formed on the basis of GaAs/AlGaAs structures is simulated by the method of nonequilibrium Green functions. In the one-particle approximation, the influence of a perpendicular magnetic field on electron transmission through a quasi-one-dimensional quantum dot and the Aharonov—Bohm interferometer is considered. Two-terminal conductance and magnetic moment of the devices are calculated. Two-dimensional patterns of equilibrium (persistent) currents are obtained. The correlations between energy dependences of magnetic moment and conductance are considered. For

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Lindquist, Britta E., and C. William Shuttleworth. "Evidence that adenosine contributes to Leao’s spreading depression in vivo." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 37, no. 5 (2016): 1656–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x16650696.

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Leao’s spreading depression of cortical activity is a propagating silencing of neuronal activity resulting from spreading depolarization (SD). We evaluated the contributions of action potential (AP) failure and adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) activation to the depression of evoked and spontaneous electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity after SD in vivo, in anesthetized mice. We compared depression with SD-induced effects on AP-dependent transmission, and synaptic potentials in the transcallosal and thalamocortical pathways. After SD, APs recovered rapidly, within 1–2 min, as demonstrated by evoked a

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Pryse, S. E., L. Kersley, M. J. Williams, and I. K. Walker. "The spatial structure of the dayside ionospheric trough." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 10 (1998): 1169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-1169-4.

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Abstract. Tomographic imaging provides a powerful technique for obtaining images of the spatial distribution of ionospheric electron density at polar latitudes. The method, which involves monitoring radio transmissions from the Navy Navigation Satellite System at a meridional chain of ground receivers, has particular potential for complementing temporal measurements by other observing techniques such as the EISCAT incoherent-scatter radar facility. Tomographic reconstructions are presented here from a two-week campaign in November 1995 that show large-scale structuring of the polar ionosphere.

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Bozsik, András. "Ideas on the European stone fruit yellows – as an entomologist can see them." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 62 (November 2, 2014): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/62/2159.

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The European stone fruit yellows (ESFY) is an important endemic disease in Europe which causes in both, the Mediterranean countries and Central Europe serious damage. Its pathogen is the ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’. The treatment and healing of the diseased trees and plantations with chemicals do not promise success. Thus, prevention may be the only solution. The transmission and spread of the pathogen happen by infected propagation material (grafting) or a vector (the psyllid, Cacopsylla pruni). Mechanism of the pathogen’s transmission and population dynamics of the vector have been ext

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Reed, Mark L., Olga A. Bridges, Patrick Seiler, et al. "The pH of Activation of the Hemagglutinin Protein Regulates H5N1 Influenza Virus Pathogenicity and Transmissibility in Ducks." Journal of Virology 84, no. 3 (2009): 1527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02069-09.

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ABSTRACT While the molecular mechanism of membrane fusion by the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein has been studied extensively in vitro, the role of acid-dependent HA protein activation in virus replication, pathogenesis, and transmission in vivo has not been characterized. To investigate the biological significance of the pH of activation of the HA protein, we compared the properties of four recombinant viruses with altered HA protein acid stability to those of wild-type influenza virus A/chicken/Vietnam/C58/04 (H5N1) in vitro and in mallards. Membrane fusion by wild-type virus was

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Giambene, Giovanni. "Satellite-3G Hybrid Networks: Impact of ACM and ARQ on TCP Performance." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 3, no. 3 (2007): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v3i3.252.

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The adoption of satellite systems in providing broadband transmissions to mobile users such as trains, buses and vans is expected to be an interesting solution. The scenariowe considered refers to a hybrid network architecture, where a geostationary satellite forward link and a terrestrial 3G return link are used in order to exploit both the high bandwidth of a satellite channel and the lower propagation delay of a terrestrial path. The resulting round-trip delay is much shorter than that one experienced by using both the forward and return link via satellite. This is particularly appealing fo

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Haider, Adnan, Musleh Ud Din Musleh Ud Din, and Ejaz Ghani. "Monetary Policy, Informality and Business Cycle Fluctuations in a Developing Economy Vulnerable to External Shocks." Pakistan Development Review 51, no. 4II (2012): 609–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v51i4iipp.609-681.

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Modelling the sources of Business Cycle Fluctuations (BCF)1 in an open economy Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) framework is a fascinating area of research. The main advantage of this framework over traditional modelling approach is due to an additional feature of micro-foundations in terms of welfare optimisation. This feature allows structural interpretation of deep parameters in a way that is less skeptical to Lucas critique [Lucas (1976)]. In DSGE modelling context, the sources of BCF are normally viewed as exogenous shocks, which have potential power to propagate the key endo

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Brendle, Sarah, Jingwei J. Li, Nancy M. Cladel, et al. "Mouse Papillomavirus L1 and L2 Are Dispensable for Viral Infection and Persistence at Both Cutaneous and Mucosal Tissues." Viruses 13, no. 9 (2021): 1824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13091824.

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Papillomavirus L1 and L2, the major and minor capsid proteins, play significant roles in viral assembly, entry, and propagation. In the current study, we investigate the impact of L1 and L2 on viral life cycle and tumor growth with a newly established mouse papillomavirus (MmuPV1) infection model. MmuPV1 L1 knockout, L2 knockout, and L1 plus L2 knockout mutant genomes (designated as L1ATGko-4m, L2ATGko, and L1-L2ATGko respectively) were generated. The mutants were examined for their ability to generate lesions in athymic nude mice. Viral activities were examined by qPCR, immunohistochemistry (

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Fukuda, Tomohiko, Lida Guo, Xiaohua Shi, and Chuanyue Wu. "CH-ILKBP regulates cell survival by facilitating the membrane translocation of protein kinase B/Akt." Journal of Cell Biology 160, no. 7 (2003): 1001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200212113.

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Cell survival depends on proper propagation of protective signals through intracellular signaling intermediates. We report here that calponin homology domain–containing integrin-linked kinase (ILK)–binding protein (CH-ILKBP), a widely expressed adaptor protein localized at plasma membrane-actin junctions, is essential for transmission of survival signals. Cells that are depleted of CH-ILKBP undergo extensive apoptosis despite the presence of cell–extracellular matrix contacts and soluble growth factors. The activating phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), a key regulator of apoptosis,

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Pan, Wansu, Haibo Tan, Xiru Li, and Xiaofeng Li. "Improved RTT Fairness of BBR Congestion Control Algorithm Based on Adaptive Congestion Window." Electronics 10, no. 5 (2021): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10050615.

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To alleviate the lower performance of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) congestion control over complex network, especially the high latency and packet loss scenario, Google proposed the Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip propagation time (BBR) congestion control algorithm. In contrast with other TCP congestion control algorithms, BBR adjusted transfer data by maximizing delivery rate and minimizing delay. However, some evaluation experiments have shown that the persistent queues formation and retransmissions in the bottleneck can lead to serious fairness issues between BBR flows with diffe

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Schuld, B. A., M. D. Harrison, and J. Crane. "Symptomless infection with Clavibacter michiganensis subspecies sepedonicus during tissue culture propagation of potato." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, no. 3 (1992): 943–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-119.

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Nodal cuttings of tissue cultured potato (Solarium tuberosum L. ’Sangre’) were inoculated with the bacterial ring rot (BRR) pathogen, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms). Under commercial tissue culturing conditions, the pathogen persisted through as many as three micropropagation cycles, each consisting of production of a plantlet from an apical cutting. Infected plantlets did not develop BRR symptoms of leaf wilt or chlorosis. Signs of bacterial presence, cloudiness of tissue culturing medium or foliar lesions, were not present when the inoculum level was low, 5.0 × 102 cfu mL

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Suresh, Jyothsna, Mihailo Radojicic, Lorenzo L. Pesce, et al. "Network burst activity in hippocampal neuronal cultures: the role of synaptic and intrinsic currents." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 6 (2016): 3073–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00995.2015.

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The goal of this work was to define the contributions of intrinsic and synaptic mechanisms toward spontaneous network-wide bursting activity, observed in dissociated rat hippocampal cell cultures. This network behavior is typically characterized by short-duration bursts, separated by order of magnitude longer interburst intervals. We hypothesize that while short-timescale synaptic processes modulate spectro-temporal intraburst properties and network-wide burst propagation, much longer timescales of intrinsic membrane properties such as persistent sodium (Nap) currents govern burst onset during

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van de Garde, Martijn D. B., Suzan D. Pas, Guido van der Net, et al. "Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Genotype 3 Infection of Human Liver Chimeric Mice as a Model for Chronic HEV Infection." Journal of Virology 90, no. 9 (2016): 4394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00114-16.

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ABSTRACTGenotype 3 (gt3) hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections are emerging in Western countries. Immunosuppressed patients are at risk of chronic HEV infection and progressive liver damage, but no adequate model system currently mimics this disease course. Here we explore the possibilities ofin vivoHEV studies in a human liver chimeric mouse model (uPA+/+Nod-SCID-IL2Rγ−/−) next to the A549 cell culture system, using HEV RNA-positive EDTA-plasma, feces, or liver biopsy specimens from 8 immunocompromised patients with chronic gt3 HEV. HEV from feces- or liver-derived inocula showed clear virus pro

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Jena, Bipulendu, David Rushworth, George T. McNamara, and Laurence JN Cooper. "Mitochondrial Biomass As a Measure of Fitness for T Cells Expressing Chimeric Antigen Receptors." Blood 126, no. 23 (2015): 3242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3242.3242.

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Abstract Anti-tumor efficacy of genetically modified T cells depends on in vivo expansion and durable persistence of infused cells. Multiple variables including the structure of the CAR and characteristics of the recipient impact the anti-tumor effect of CAR+ T cells. However, a code for an optimal CAR design that would deliver clinically relevant result is yet to emerge. Here we propose a new measure of "fitness" for CAR+ T cells based on mitochondrial biomass that is quantifiable and could be translated to clinical settings. Spare respiratory capacity (SRC) is defined as the extra mitochondr

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Zhang, Lu, Nan Wu, Yingdang Ren, and Xifeng Wang. "Insights Into Insect Vector Transmission and Epidemiology of Plant-Infecting Fijiviruses." Frontiers in Microbiology 12 (February 24, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.628262.

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Viruses in genus Fijivirus (family Reoviridae) have caused serious damage to rice, maize and sugarcane in American, Asian, European and Oceanian countries, where seven plant-infecting and two insect-specific viruses have been reported. Because the planthopper vectors are the only means of virus spread in nature, their migration and efficient transmission of these viruses among different crops or gramineous weeds in a persistent propagative manner are obligatory for virus epidemics. Understanding the mechanisms of virus transmission by these insect vectors is thus key for managing the spread of

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Killiny, Nabil, Faraj Hijaz, Timothy A. Ebert, and Michael E. Rogers. "A Plant Bacterial Pathogen Manipulates Its Insect Vector's Energy Metabolism." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 83, no. 5 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03005-16.

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ABSTRACT Insect-transmitted plant-pathogenic bacteria may alter their vectors' fitness, survival, behavior, and metabolism. Because these pathogens interact with their vectors on the cellular and organismal levels, potential changes at the biochemical level might occur. “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” (CLas) is transmitted in a persistent, circulative, and propagative manner. The genome of CLas revealed the presence of an ATP translocase that mediates the uptake of ATP and other nucleotides from medium to achieve its biological processes, such as growth and multiplication. Here, we showed

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Rattner, Rachel, Shree Prasad Thapa, Tyler Dang, et al. "Genome analysis of Spiroplasma citri strains from different host plants and its leafhopper vectors." BMC Genomics 22, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07637-8.

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Abstract Background Spiroplasma citri comprises a bacterial complex that cause diseases in citrus, horseradish, carrot, sesame, and also infects a wide array of ornamental and weed species. S. citri is transmitted in a persistent propagative manner by the beet leafhopper, Neoaliturus tenellus in North America and Circulifer haematoceps in the Mediterranean region. Leafhopper transmission and the pathogen’s wide host range serve as drivers of genetic diversity. This diversity was examined in silico by comparing the genome sequences of seven S. citri strains from the United States (BR12, CC-2, C

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Badillo-Vargas, Ismael E., Yuting Chen, Kathleen M. Martin, Dorith Rotenberg, and Anna E. Whitfield. "Discovery of Novel Thrips Vector Proteins That Bind to the Viral Attachment Protein of the Plant Bunyavirus Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus." Journal of Virology 93, no. 21 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00699-19.

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ABSTRACT The plant-pathogenic virus tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) encodes a structural glycoprotein (GN) that, like with other bunyavirus/vector interactions, serves a role in viral attachment and possibly in entry into arthropod vector host cells. It is well documented that Frankliniella occidentalis is one of nine competent thrips vectors of TSWV transmission to plant hosts. However, the insect molecules that interact with viral proteins, such as GN, during infection and dissemination in thrips vector tissues are unknown. The goals of this project were to identify TSWV-interacting protein

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