Academic literature on the topic 'Person-environment fit theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Person-environment fit theory"
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Jansen, Karen J., and Amy Kristof-Brown. "TOWARD A MULTI-LEVEL THEORY OF PERSON-ENVIRONMENT FIT." Academy of Management Proceedings 1998, no. 1 (August 1998): F1—F8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/apbpp.1998.27668649.
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Padmasiri, M. K. Dinithi, Pavithra Kailasapathy, and A. K. L. Jayawardana. "Development of the Person–Family Fit Construct: An Extension of Person–Environment Fit into the Family Domain." South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management 6, no. 2 (March 28, 2019): 156–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2322093719830807.
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This article defines a person’s environment as a combination of work and family environments by extending the person–environment fit theory to include the family domain. The study extends the person–environment fit construct by including person–job fit, person–organization fit, person–group fit, person–supervisor fit (all in work environment) and person–family fit (family environment). In the two studies that were carried using operational-level employees from various industries, we empirically develop a scale for the new concept person–family fit, validated person–family fit scale and the person–environment fit construct. This study makes several theoretical contributions including defining person–family fit construct, developing a scale to measure the same and confirming its inclusion into the person–environment fit construct. Managerial implications are provided to ensure person–job fit, person–group fit, person–supervisor fit and person–family fit in the working environment.
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Englert, Benedikt, Julia Thaler, and Bernd Helmig. "Fit Themes in Volunteering: How Do Volunteers Perceive Person–Environment Fit?" Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 49, no. 2 (August 30, 2019): 336–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764019872005.
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Worldwide, millions of people volunteer for nonprofit organizations. These organizations heavily depend on volunteers, such that successfully retaining them represents an indispensable task, as well as one that might benefit from the application of fit theory. The complex mechanisms that shape volunteers’ fit throughout their volunteering experiences in the nonprofit environment have been scarcely analyzed though, and fit research has only selectively assessed volunteer experiences. Therefore, the current study investigates how volunteers perceive person–environment fit using a qualitative research design that relies on narrative interviews. Eight service-related and daily-life–related fit themes emerge at the organizational, collaborational, individual, and external levels. These identified fit themes help clarify how volunteers relate distinctly to the environments established by the organizations for which they volunteer. In addition to extending research on volunteering experience, this qualitative analysis of perceived fit among volunteers enriches fit theory, by contextualizing the concept of fit for volunteers.
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Milliman, John, Anthony Gatling, and Jill C. Bradley-Geist. "The implications of workplace spirituality for person–environment fit theory." Psychology of Religion and Spirituality 9, no. 1 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rel0000068.
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Perkmen, Serkan, Beste Cevik, and Mahir Alkan. "Pre-service music teachers' satisfaction: person–environment fit approach." British Journal of Music Education 29, no. 3 (July 2, 2012): 371–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265051712000241.
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Guided by three theoretical frameworks in vocational psychology, (i) theory of work adjustment, (ii) two factor theory, and (iii) value discrepancy theory, the purpose of this study was to investigate Turkish pre-service music teachers' values and the role of fit between person and environment in understanding vocational satisfaction. Participants were 85 students enrolled in the department of music education in a Turkish university. The Minnesota Importance Questionnaire (MIQ) was used to examine the participants’ values in six dimensions: achievement, comfort, status, altruism, safety and autonomy. Results revealed that the pre-service teachers value achievement most followed by autonomy, which suggests that they would like to have a sense of accomplishment and control in their future job. The degree to which their values fit their predictions about future work environment was found to be highly correlated with vocational satisfaction. These results provided evidence that the vocational theories used in the current study offers a helpful and different perspective to understand the pre-service teachers' satisfaction with becoming a music teacher in the future. We believe that researchers in the field of music education may use these theories and MIQ to examine the role of values in pre-service and in-service music teachers' job satisfaction.
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Kristof-Brown, Amy L. "Person-Environment Fit: Individual and Contextual Perspectives in Theory and Research." Academy of Management Proceedings 2013, no. 1 (January 2013): 12389. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.12389symposium.
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Quick, James Campbell, Debra L. Nelson, Jonathan D. Quick, and Dusty K. Orman. "An isomorphic theory of stress: the dynamics of person-environment fit." Stress and Health 17, no. 3 (2001): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smi.893.
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Conway, Terry L., Ross R. Vickers, and John R. P. French. "An Application of Person-Environment Fit Theory: Perceived Versus Desired Control." Journal of Social Issues 48, no. 2 (July 1992): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1992.tb00886.x.
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Caplan, Robert D., and R. Harrison. "Person-Environment Fit Theory: Some History, Recent Developments, and Future Directions." Journal of Social Issues 49, no. 4 (January 1993): 253–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1993.tb01192.x.
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Shahidan, Athifah Najwani, Siti Norasyikin Abdul Hamid, and Fais Ahmad. "Mediating Influence of Work Engagement between Person-Environment Fit and Adaptive Performance." Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v4i1.270.
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ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework on the mediating influence of Work Engagement (WE) on the relationship between Person-Environment Fit (PE fit) and Adaptive Performance (AP) among nurses at the public hospitals in Malaysia. This paper is designed to focus on three PE fit dimensions, which are Person-Job Fit (PJ fit), Person-Group Fit (PG fit), and Person-Supervisor Fit (PS Fit) and its impact to employee’s adaptive performance by using Work Engagement as a mediator.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This is a causal study that has used quantitative methodology to draw propositions about the phenomenon under study.
Findings: The finding of the study is supported by two theories which are Theory of Performance (ToP) and Social Exchange Theory (SET). It is expected to produce significant relationship between PE Fit and AP by using a mediator of WE.
Implications/Originality/Value: The contribution of the study delivers useful information and adds knowledge to the literature pointing to increase their employees’ performance in public sector. For a practical implication, deep focus should be given to the factors that can enhance employees’ performance especially in public sector to ensure the employees in their organization are fully fitted with their working environment, thus can deliver the best service to customers. Social implication from the study is the application of adaptive performance concept will promote a healthy and positive working environment that can contribute to positive and healthy life in social community and practice fast respond to reduce the patients’ complaints regarding staff performance in public hospitals.
Keywords : Adaptive Performance, Work Engagement, Person Environment Fit, Person Job Fit, Person Supervisor Fit, Person Group Fit
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Person-environment fit theory"
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Yu, Kang Yang Trevor Edwards Jeffrey R. "Affective influences in person-environment fit theory exploring the role of affect as both cause and outcome of P-E fit /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1415.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Apr. 25, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Kenan-Flagler School of Business Organizational Behavior." Discipline: Business Administration; Department/School: Business School, Kenan-Flagler.
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Puccio, Gerard J. "Person-environment fit : using Kirton's Adaptor-Innovator theory to determine the effect of stylistic fit upon stress, job satisfaction, and creative performance." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303305.
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Lee, Jaeyong. "Understanding Knowledge Sharing Motivation in the Public Sector: Application of Self-Determination and Person-Environment Fit Theories." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5426.
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Knowledge has been recognized as an important resource that should be carefully managed in order to enhance organizational competitiveness. Therefore, it is important to manage knowledge resources that have been learned and stored in organizations. Several scholars in the public administration literature have examined whether public service motivation (PSM) can help employees share their knowledge in ways that contribute to the effective functioning of public organizations. However, the mechanisms by which PSM influences individuals’ propensity to share knowledge have not been clarified by past research.
Against this background, at first, this study contributes to understanding the relationship between PSM and knowledge sharing by applying self-determination theory with a logical insight of the intrinsic knowledge sharing motivation process. This study also examined that relationship by testing three competing psychological mechanisms based on person-environment (P-E) fit theory: (1) person-group (P-G) fit, (2) person-job (P-J) fit, and (3) person-supervisor (P-S) fit. The research questions for this study are as follows: Do individuals with higher levels of PSM have a higher propensity toward knowledge sharing? Does the congruence between employees and their work environment increase employees’ knowledge sharing behavior? Do PSM-driven employees have higher willingness to fit in the work environment? Does P-E fit theory help explain the causal relationship between PSM and knowledge sharing?
Based on primary data of 1,094 occupationally diverse employees working in 33 local governments in South Korea, the current study found that caution should be exercised when making claims regarding the effects of PSM on individuals’ propensity to share knowledge and that greater emphasis should be placed on ways public sector organizations can foster P-G fit and P-J fit. However, this study also found that the relationship between PSM and knowledge sharing is not mediated by the extent to which employees perceive that their values are congruent with those of their supervisors.
Keywords: public service motivation (PSM), person-environment fit (P-E fit), person-group fit (P-G fit), person-job fit (P-J fit), person-supervisor fit (P-S fit), knowledge sharing
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Soldner, James Louis. "Relationships Among Leader-Member Exchange, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Organizational Commitment, Gender, And Dyadic Duration In A Rehabilitation Organization." OpenSIUC, 2009. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/7.
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This study was an investigation of the relationship between subordinates' perceptions of the quality of the leader-member exchange (LMX) relationship and their willingness to engage in organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and organizational commitment (OC). Differences in subordinates' perceptions of the quality of the LMX with their supervisor according to the gender of the supervisor compared to the employee (same sex vs. different sex) and dyadic duration of the LMX were also investigated. The possible moderation of dyadic duration on the relationship between subordinates' perception of the quality of the LMX and their willingness to engage in OCB and OC were also investigated. Lastly, the possible moderation of gender on the relationship between subordinates' perception of the quality of the LMX and their willingness to engage in OCB and OC were also investigated. This study surveyed direct service subordinate staff currently employed at a large rehabilitation organization in the Midwest. Results of research questions (RQ) one through eight are as follows: No significant correlation, r = .15, p = .35 for RQ1, significant correlation for RQ2, r = .38, p =.01, no significant correlation, r = .14, p = .38, for RQ3, no significant correlation, r = .30, p = .05 for RQ4, RQ5 model one was not significant, R2 = .10, F (2,38) = 2.21, p = .12, model two was significant, R2 = .19, F (3, 37) = 2.86, p = .05, RQ6 model one was significant, R2 = .26, F (2, 38) = 7.59, p = .002, model two was significant, R2 = .34, F (3, 37) = 6.34, p = .001, RQ7 model one was not significant, R2 = .10, F (2, 38) = 2.21, p = .12, model two was not significant, R2= .16, F (3, 37) = 2.31, p = .09, and RQ8 model one was significant, R2 = .26, F (2, 38) = 7.59, p = .002, model two was significant, R2 = .32, F (3, 37) = 5.98, p = .002. A summary of results and limitations and delimitations of the study are discussed, as well as implications and directions for future research.
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Shekarriz, Mona. "The foundation of capability modelling : a study of the impact and utilisation of human resources." Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5257.
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This research aims at finding a foundation for assessment of capabilities and applying the concept in a human resource selection. The research identifies a common ground for assessing individuals’ applied capability in a given job based on literature review of various disciplines in engineering, human sciences and economics. A set of criteria is found to be common and appropriate to be used as the basis of this assessment. Applied Capability is then described in this research as the impact of the person in fulfilling job requirements and also their level of usage from their resources with regards to the identified criteria. In other words how their available resources (abilities, skills, value sets, personal attributes and previous performance records) can be used in completing a job. Translation of the person’s resources and task requirements using the proposed criteria is done through a novel algorithm and two prevalent statistical inference techniques (OLS regression and Fuzzy) are used to estimate quantitative levels of impact and utilisation. A survey on post graduate students is conducted to estimate their applied capabilities in a given job. Moreover, expert academics are surveyed on their views on key applied capability assessment criteria, and how different levels of match between job requirement and person’s resources in those criteria might affect the impact levels. The results from both surveys were mathematically modelled and the predictive ability of the conceptual and mathematical developments were compared and further contrasted with the observed data. The models were tested for robustness using experimental data and the results for both estimation methods in both surveys are close to one another with the regression models being closer to observations. It is believed that this research has provided sound conceptual and mathematical platforms which can satisfactorily predict individuals’ applied capability in a given job. This research has contributed to the current knowledge and practice by a) providing a comparison of capability definitions and uses in different disciplines, b) defining criteria for applied capability assessment, c) developing an algorithm to capture applied capabilities, d) quantification of an existing parallel model and finally e) estimating impact and utilisation indices using mathematical methods.
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Al-Mohannadi, Ahmad. "The use of the person-environment fit theory to look at the experiences of Qatari physical education teachers, focusing on causes of stress and attitudes toward teaching physical education." Thesis, Brunel University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402508.
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Van, Niekerk Melissa. "The relationship between occupational stress and locus of control among nurses." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29362.
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The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between occupational stress and locus of control, to analyse and investigate the nature of nurses’ work and to determine the sources of stress and how they influence the nurses’ work environment and personal lives. The Work and Life Circumstances Questionnaire (WLQ) and Rotter’s 23-item scale were applied in a probability, simple random sample consisting of 302 South African nursing students and nurses currently employed in the private and public healthcare sector. Significant relationships were observed between the variables. Supporting evidence indicates that there is a negative correlation between occupational stress and locus of control. The results further indicate significant differences among the different locus of control orientations and the participants perceived level of stress; as well as a difference in the correlations between occupational stress and demographics such as marital status, working time and occupational level. Finally, the researcher was able to determine which stressors cause the highest level of stress among the participants. The findings should contribute valuable new information to the employee well-being literature and human resource management practices relating to employee assistance programmes, employee well-being and the retention of staff, especially in the healthcare sector. CopyrightDissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Human Resource Management
unrestricted
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Ho, Tsung-Han, and 何宗翰. "The Application of Person-Environment Fit Theory on Army Recuits of Volunteer Soliders." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44888736226344246475.
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碩士國防大學政治作戰學院
心理碩士班
100
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological function and work adjustment of volunteer soldiers, and develope a ‘Psychological Function Preference Inventory (PFPI)’. The subjects of this study included 170 officer trainees and 305 cadets for establishing the reliability and validity of PFPI; and 508 volunteer soldiers for examining the relationship between psychological function and work adjustment. Four instruments were used for this study including PFPI, ’The Revised Volunteer Soldiers Adaptation Scale’ and ‘Work Satisfaction Scale ". The findings were summarized as the followings. First, All four psychological function of ‘Extroverted / Introverted’, ‘Sensing / Intuition’, ‘Thinking / Feeling’ and ‘Judgment / Perception’ have significant correlation with work adjustment, with Extroverted (E) and Judging (J) performing better than Introverted (I) and Perception(P); "Extroverted / Introverted" has the best predictive effect on positive coping, emotional adjustment, physical combat skills, the preferences of exercise, and overall work adaption; "Judgment / Perception " has the best predictive effect on military identification, work performance, perfunctory work, and work satisfaction. Secondly, the PFPI has good internal consistency reliability, with Cronbach `s α ranged from .68 to .84, and the coefficients of test-retest reliability with six-weeks interval ranged from .34 to.78. Each subscale of PFPI consists of five items, factor loadings of which is greater than .4, and the explained variance ranges from 30.27% to 51.53%, showing PFPI with good construct validity. PFPI also is significantly correlated with "Big Five Personality Traits Inventory", showing PFPI has good criterion-related validity. Finally, based on the findings of this study, recommendations for future study and suggestions for the troop leading cadres and the youth attempting to apply for volunteer soldiers were discussed.
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Wu, Pei-Chi, and 吳珮琪. "An investigation on the work-attitudes of Merchant-ship seafarers between Taiwan and mainland China by using Person-Environment fit theory." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84382478098152907259.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
商船學系所
101
Shipping business has a direct impact on the international economy. But in this time of Europe debt crisis, supply surplus of ships and decline of global economy, whether or not employing foreign sailors can indeed reduce costs is a question that needs to be re-examined by all the major shipping companies. The situation is worsened by the stricter and stricter inspections necessary which inevitably increase the seafarers' workload. The shipping companies are forced to be more active in preventing the shipwreck from happening. If the seafarers have a higher organizational citizenship behavior, it can improve the shipping safety from reluctantly preventing it to happen to actively preventing it from happening. Also, seafarer's satisfaction toward their work will directly affect their working. It follows that it is important to pay attention to the level of seafarers' satisfaction toward their works and their organizational citizenship behavior as it can have a positive impact on shipping safety. Therefore, this study use the theory of Person－Environment Fit as a base to create a mode that will affect Chinese and Taiwanese seafarers' working attitude; to gather levels of satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior from seafarers’ by way of questionnaire by using statistical calculation method based on hierarchical regression to study "person-organization" fit, "person-job" fit and "perception of discrimination" for Chinese and Taiwanese seafarers and its impact on seafarer's working attitude. The study shows that: (1) "person-organization" fit, "person-job" fit and "Taiwan and mainland China differences " does significantly impact both Chinese and Taiwanese seafarers' level of Job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. (2) Chinese seafarers' Job satisfaction is significantly lower than the Taiwanese seafarers but organizational citizenship behavior is significantly higher than the Taiwanese (3) "Taiwan and mainland China differences " will have an influence on "person-organization" fit, "person- job" fit and "organizational citizenship behavior". (4) "Perception of discrimination" will influence "person-organization" fit and "job satisfaction". Further, according to the study, the author recommends that when shipping companies are recruiting either Chinese or Taiwanese seafarers, they should also consider "person-organization" fit and "person-job" fit. Also, they should adopt appropriate measure according to different nationality in the delegation of works and management and should actively create a fair and non-discriminating working culture and environment in terms of salary, employment, promotion and training.
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Adams, Sabirah. "Children’s perceptions of the natural environment: creating child and environmentally friendly cities." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3197.
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Masters of ArtA child friendly city (CFC) is the embodiment of the rights of the child manifested in the policies, programs, and laws of a city. A critical aspect in the creation of a CFC is the consideration of the natural environment (NE). Premised upon a child participatory perspective, this study explored the manner in which adolescents perceive and attach meaning to the NE, as there is limited research concerning this. The primary aim of the study was to investigate children’s perceptions of the NE, and within this process to elucidate the meanings that children attach to environmental issues, and how these meanings contribute toward the creation of CFC’s. This study employed the broad epistemological position of social constructionism, and the theoretical framework of the Person-environment (P-E) fit theory. Methodologically, a qualitative research design was adopted, employing focus group interviews as the method of data collection. The study was conducted in an impoverished community on the Cape Flats in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Four focus group interviews were conducted with two groups of 8 children between the ages of 13 and 14 in grade 9. Thematic Analysis was utilised to analyse and interpret the findings. The findings indicate that the participants perceive the NE through the lens of safety as natural areas in the community are characterised by crime, violence, pollution, and a haven for gangsters. The participants’ worldviews appear to be permeated with this milieu of danger which is pervasive in their community. Although the participants express the need to engage in the NE, their mobility is greatly restricted due to their own, parental, or guardians fears of threat. There is evidently incongruence between the participants’ expectations for the NE, and the reality of the unsafe nature of the NE. The participants thus fall outside the prevailing categories of the social and cultural construction of childhood, as they undergo an immense burden of adversity and suffering which breaches what childhood is supposed to signify.Along with many children in South Africa, the participants are exposed to an escalating level of crime and community violence which has a negative impact upon their sense of wellbeing,their ability to negotiate their mobility and to freely explore NE’s, and engage in childled initiatives to counteract impending safety and security concerns within their communities.It was also found that the participants consider the natural world as crucial in the creation of a CFC. Ultimately, the participants revealed that their community is not child friendly, and thereby suggest the requirement for a child and environmentally friendly city. The participants therefore proposed that environmental education (EE) be incorporated into the school curriculum to instil a greater awareness of environmental issues among their peers.
Books on the topic "Person-environment fit theory"
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Puccio, G. J. Person-environment fit: using Kirton's Adaptor-Innovator Theory todetermine the effect of stylistic fit upon stress, and creativeperformance. Manchester: UMIST, 1990.
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Greguras, Gary J., James M. Diefendorff, Jacqueline Carpenter, and Christian Tröster. Person-Environment Fit and Self-Determination Theory. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199794911.013.002.
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ROUNDS, JAMES B. MEASUREMENT OF PERSON-ENVIRONMENT FIT AND PREDICTION OF SATISFACTION IN THE THEORY OF WORK ADJUSTMENT. 1987.
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Matthews, Russell A., Julie Holliday Wayne, and Sara J. McKersie. Theoretical Approaches to the Study of Work and Family. Edited by Tammy D. Allen and Lillian T. Eby. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199337538.013.3.
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In an effort to move the field forward work–family scholars continue to evaluate their research with an ever-increasing critical eye. Yet, one area work–family scholars often struggle with is the development and application of theory. Building on previous discussions of theory within the literature, we focus on five theories (i.e., social-exchange theory, person–environment fit theory, adaptation theory, affective events theory, and theory of planned behavior) that have the potential to propel work–family scholarship forward. Also provided in the chapter is a discussion concerning how some theories are misused in the literature. Throughout the chapter, particular emphasis is placed on discussing steps researchers may take to further develop, apply, and refine theories when examining the work–family interface.
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Chao, Georgia T., and Philip D. Gardner. Healthy Transitions to Work. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190260637.003.0009.
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Despite generational stereotypes, young adults have always faced challenges upon transitioning from college into the workforce, with prolonged job searches, early career adjustments, and testing different jobs. Further, the current generation of young adults has been branded as narcissistic, while it has also been anointed as a hero generation, dedicated to the greater good. Reconciling these two perspectives is not easy. Still, young adults can flourish in their early careers, but they approach these years differently than their elders. Centrality of work, person-environment fit, and organizational socialization shed light on how young adults can make healthy transitions to work. Best advice to young adults: find a mentor.
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Sensen, Oliver. Respect for Human Beings with Intellectual Disabilities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812876.003.0005.
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Respect for persons is a central element of our ordinary moral views. However, there is a growing demand to include not just normal human adults, but also animals, the environment, and other traditions, etc., and to uphold a unified account of respect that seamlessly includes all of these beings. This chapter argues that this demand is best captured not by a third-person account that grounds the requirement to respect others in an objective value the other possesses, nor in a second-person account, but if one holds that there are internal, first-person reasons to adopt an attitude of respect. This chapter further argues that such reasons can be supported by every major normative outlook, such as Virtue Ethics, Consequentialism, and Deontology. The chapter considers which understanding of respect best fits our intuitions, and it then applies this view to the question of respect for intellectually disabled human beings.
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Sappok, Tanja, Sabine Zepperitz, and Mark Hudson. Meeting Emotional Needs in Intellectual Disability: The Developmental Approach. Hogrefe Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/00589-000.
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Using a developmental perspective, the authors offer a new, integrated model for supporting people with intellectual disability (ID). This concept builds upon recent advances in attachment-informed approaches, by drawing upon a broader understanding of the social, emotional, and cognitive competencies of people with ID, which is grounded in developmental neuroscience and psychology. The book explores in detail how challenging behaviour and mental health difficulties in people with ID arise when their basic emotional needs are not being met by those in the environment. Using individually tailored interventions, which complement existing models of care, practitioners can help to facilitate maturational processes and reduce behavior that is challenging to others. As a result, the ‘fit’ of a person within his or her individual environment can be improved. Case examples throughout the book illuminate how this approach works by targeting interventions towards the person’s stage of emotional development. This book will be of interest to a wide range of professionals working with people with ID, including: clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, occupational therapists, learning disability nurses, speech and language therapists, and teachers in special education settings, as well as parents and caregivers.
Book chapters on the topic "Person-environment fit theory"
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Pasca, Romana. "Person-Environment Fit Theory." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 4776–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_2155.
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Armitage, Lynne Audrey, and Johari Hussein Nassor Amar. "Person-Environment Fit Theory." In A Handbook of Theories on Designing Alignment between People and the Office Environment, 14–26. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003128830-2.
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Anderson, E. N. "Chinese Nutritional Therapy." In Ecologies of the Heart. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195090109.003.0007.
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Chinese nutritional therapy—the use of food as medicine, to treat illness and physical challenge—provides an ideal ground for studies of how people think about their place in the organic world. Unlike many folk systems of medicine, Chinese nutrition has a long written history. Doctors and food experts have devoted much effort to articulating and systematizing a vast amount of information. Much of the data comes from folk observation—the empirical experience of generations of farmers and workers. In Chinese medicine, humans as total persons confront a world of plants, animals, and minerals that have varied medical functions. The line between food and medicine does not exist; all foods have some medical significance, and many medicinal herbs are eaten in enough quantity to count as foodstuffs. Theoretically, there is an infinite number of possible ways of thinking about food and health. The Chinese have constructed a system that represents empirical experience well; fits with their cosmology (the cosmology we have already seen in the preceding chapter); and fits with their views on the individual and society. It is a system that classifies and arranges a great number of facts—statements that are true by the standards of Western laboratory science as well as Chinese experience. It incorporates these truths into a plausible and logical structure, and ties the whole thing to the network of emotions, personal values, and deeply held beliefs that sustain Chinese society. To put it a bit crudely, the system wouldn’t sell if it didn’t work. But, also, it wouldn’t sell if it didn’t fit with the rest of the Chinese system of thought and feeling. In this chapter, I provide a rather thorough account of the traditional Chinese construction of nutritional knowledge. I then show how and why it is logically compelling, given the assumptions of Chinese logic. Finally, I suggest some ways in which it seems to fit well with the Chinese experience of being a person in society. Cultural ecology concerns itself with all human relationships with the environment. Food is one of the field’s main concerns. Foodways provide good examples of demand-driven systems.
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Lai, Meng-Chuan, Stephanie H. Ameis, and Peter Szatmari. "Young Women on the Autism Spectrum." In Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder, edited by Nicholas W. Gelbar, 289–319. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190624828.003.0012.
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Females on the autism spectrum often face unique challenges in social-communication areas, sensory environments, mental health, physical health, gender-related issues and identity development. Autism tends to be less-recognized in females than in males. Anecdotal reports suggest that they may show more social interests and motivation, heightened emotion contagion or affective empathy, increased imagination, more friendships but with different quality, greater camouflaging of social difficulties, and different kinds of narrow interests. The diagnostic processes are independent of sex or gender, but they need to be optimized by taking into account influences from sex and gender (including gendered sociocultural contexts). Optimized support for young women on the autism spectrum is best based on the understanding of their characteristics, targeting resilience and person–environment fit, and taking into account the influences of gendered sociocultural contexts; this often involves not only skill-building and graded exposure for the individual, but more importantly, adjustments to the social and physical environments.
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Rosmarin, Caryn. "The Host-Parasite (Microbe) Relationship." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0011.
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No and yes. The skin, oropharynx, upper airways, gastrointestinal tract, and lower female genital tract are full of bacteria, with the highest concentration being in the colon and in dental plaque. Overall, humans are made up of slightly more bacterial cells than human cells; about 40 versus 30 trillion respectively. Although much less prominent, fungi and viruses are also present. In addition to these endogenous microbes, humans come into contact with numerous others on a daily basis—they are inhaled, ingested with food and drink, and picked up on the skin from the environment. Some of these remain in and on the human body for periods of time, while others slough off or die. In contrast to this, there are certain areas of the body where microbial agents are not expected to occur under normal circumstances. These are called sterile sites and include: major organs and their surrounding fluids and capsules; blood and body fluids other than faeces and saliva (yes, including urine!); bone, bone marrow, and joint fluid; subcutaneous tissue, fat, muscle, and tendons; the lower respiratory tract; and some of the genital tract. Microbes only enter these protected sterile sites through various breaches in physical and immunological defences. Again— no and yes. This is a question that has posed much debate over the centuries and seems to evolve as understanding of both humans and microbes expands. Early understanding of infectious diseases was based on the idea that the microbe was an aggressor and the host a passive victim. Currently there is a better understanding of the relationship between microbe and host, which is more of a dance than a war. In order to express an understanding of the relationships between host humans and microbes, a language is required that describes this confusing and complex interaction, especially considering that knowledge in this field is still evolving. The bacteria that reside in or on human bodies on a semi- permanent basis are called normal flora, or indigenous microbiome. Each person has a relatively unique set of fairly stable microbes likely determined by early experience, and continued exposures and diets.
Conference papers on the topic "Person-environment fit theory"
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Tommasi, Francesco, Andrea Ceschi, and Riccardo Sartori. "PERSON-ENVIRONMENT MISFIT AND MENTAL DISORDER AMONG PHD STUDENTS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF MEANINGFUL WORK." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact045.
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"In organizational psychology, the authors’ awareness of the concerns about the current academic working conditions and their potential impacts on PhD students’ mental health is increasing. Accordingly, authors have witnessed increased the attention to PhD students’ perception of their fit with the environmental conditions, i.e., organizational policies, co-workers’ and supervisors’ relations and supports, as an antecedent of their PhD experience. In particular, such environmental conditions seem to be related to the high diffusion of state anxiety and depression among PhD students that perceive a certain level of misfit between them and the environment. However, studies suggested that, despite the working conditions, in the presence of positive experience at work, such as meaningful work, individuals are less at risk of developing mental disorders as well as of quitting their job. Indeed, meaningful work construct regards a positive individual phenomenon of experience and perception of meaningfulness at work. Then, it might be a potential experience that might mitigate the experience of negative states at work. The present paper aims to address the current need for knowledge by involving a literature review of the role played by meaningful work in the PhD experience. Then, the paper explores the potential mediational role of meaningful work between the path from P-E misfit and mental disorders’ symptoms and students’ intention to quit. A cross-sectional study has been devised via the use of an online questionnaire with self-report measures on P-E misfit, meaningful work, mental health disorders symptoms, and intention to quit. In a sample of N = 251 Italian PhD students, the results showed a prevalence of three mental health disorders symptoms, i.e., depression, anxiety and hostility, among doctorate students, which resulted to be positively related to the levels of P-E misfit. Then, the results showed a negative mediating role of meaningful work on the paths from P-E misfit to (a) mental disorders and (b) intention to quit. Finally, the paper advances further steps for research as well as for practical implications for supporting PhD students."
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Woiceshyn, Leo, Yuchi Wang, Goldie Nejat, and Beno Benhabib. "A Socially Assistive Robot to Help With Getting Dressed." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3467.
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Getting dressed is a universally performed daily activity, and has a substantial impact on a person’s well-being. Choosing appropriate outfits to wear is important, as clothes protect a person from elements in the environment, and act as a barrier against harsh surfaces [1]. Studies have shown strong correlation between clothing choices and perceptions of sociability, emotional stability, and impression formation (e.g., [2]). This activity, however, can be difficult for some individuals, as they may lack the required reasoning and judgement required [3]. They include children with intellectual and learning disabilities [4] (e.g., Down syndrome [5], dyspraxia [6], autism spectrum disorder [7]), and older adults suffering from dementia including Alzheimer’s disease [8,9], or HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders [10]. In this paper, we present the development of a novel autonomous robotic clothing recommendation system to provide appropriate clothing options, which are personalized to a user’s wardrobe. This research expands on our previous work on socially assistive robots providing assistance with other daily activities, including meal eating [11] and playing Bingo games [12]. Currently, a few smartphone applications exist for providing outfit choices (e.g., [13,14]); however, unlike our proposed system, they are fashion-focused and not able to adapt online to a user’s preferences. Furthermore, by utilizing a socially assistive robot, we provide a more engaging interaction. We utilize the small Nao social robot, Leia, to guide and interact with a user in order to obtain information regarding his/her preferences, the activity for which the clothing will be worn, as well as the environment in which the activity will take place in order to make outfit recommendations, Fig. 1.