Relevant bibliographies by topics / Personal and social robotic

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Personal and social robotic'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Personal and social robotic"

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Torta, Elena, Raymond H. Cuijpers, and James F. Juola. "Design of a Parametric Model of Personal Space for Robotic Social Navigation." International Journal of Social Robotics 5, no. 3 (May 21, 2013): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12369-013-0188-9.

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Ginés, Jonatan, Francisco Martín, David Vargas, Francisco J. Rodríguez, and Vicente Matellán. "Social Navigation in a Cognitive Architecture Using Dynamic Proxemic Zones." Sensors 19, no. 23 (November 27, 2019): 5189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235189.

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Robots have begun to populate the everyday environments of human beings. These social robots must perform their tasks without disturbing the people with whom they share their environment. This paper proposes a navigation algorithm for robots that is acceptable to people. Robots will detect the personal areas of humans, to carry out their tasks, generating navigation routes that have less impact on human activities. The main novelty of this work is that the robot will perceive the moods of people to adjust the size of proxemic areas. This work will contribute to making the presence of robots in human-populated environments more acceptable. As a result, we have integrated this approach into a cognitive architecture designed to perform tasks in human-populated environments. The paper provides quantitative experimental results in two scenarios: controlled, including social navigation metrics in comparison with a traditional navigation method, and non-controlled, in robotic competitions where different studies of social robotics are measured.
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Filyasova, Yu. "Perfectionist Involvement in Social and Labour Relations Depending on Personnel Management Style." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 10, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2305-7807-2021-10-1-30-36.

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Research into personal qualities of employees is acquiring relevance in the modern society as physical and material means and instruments of production are gradually being excluded from immediate interaction with people; their place is being taken by robotic technologies; whereas human labour is turning into intellectual creativity. Perfectionism is one of personal construct characteristics, which allows them to achieve high goals, overcoming different obstacles. The aim of the work was to consider the involvement of employees, characterized by perfectionistic personal construct, in social and labour relations under the authoritarian, democratic and liberal management styles. Perfectionists known for their struggle for high achievements are inclined to work individually and characterized by a low level of socialization. Under the authoritarian style, managers usually diminish individual achievements, focusing on the importance of goals and objectives rather than personality types of employees; therefore, perfectionists risk turning into reserved unsocial individuals. The democratic and liberal personnel management styles give the possibility to integrate perfectionists in teamwork, to activate their positive personal qualities and, in this way, enable them to meaningfully socialize. The democratic and liberal management styles provide conditions for successful combination of personal perfectionist interests and socially relevant objectives. In the age of information-oriented society, targeted at intensive intellectual development, contribution of perfectionists is indispensable; however, it is necessary to facilitate their social integration underlying inseparability of their individual goals and socially significant objectives.
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Kipriyanova, Marionella Arkadievna, and Sergey Natanovich Smolnikov. "Specialists training in a technical university in the transition to a robotic society." SHS Web of Conferences 121 (2021): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112103005.

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The prerequisites for the research of the topic arise from the tasks of society modernization and social training of professional staff for these purposes. The latter has traditionally been based on sociology as a science appropriate to the present moment, studying societal problems at the group and individual levels of individual behavior. However, during the transition to the Bologna model of education, it was withdrawn from the Federal State Educational Standard for training future engineers and dramatically downgraded in status, which had a negative impact on their personal potential as professionals. This was stated by employers who had been given the task of using these graduates for the purposes of Russia’s transition to an information, robotic society. The purpose of the research is to draw the attention of society and the authorities to the importance of strengthening the social training of groups capable of keeping up with the scientific and technological progress of society, using the base of sociological knowledge. For the methodological basis of the topic were used: the sociology of higher education, theories of personal role behavior, as well as the concept of social humanism. Three sets of sources and literature on the topic have been studied, revealing the main problem of society, which centers on the situation with “artificial sociality” as a condition of socialization of student youth, and the conjunction of their behavior with “digital risks”; as well as the impact of these risks on both natural and social environments. It is argued that students who are already taking these risks today are potential creators of new “digital” and other technologies, who have not mastered the skills of forecasting social and professional behavior and have not formed themselves as a whole person. The hypothesis formulated in the article about the tendency to reduce the hours of social training in universities for engineering personnel has been confirmed. The reason for this trend is the neoliberal policy of austerity on education.
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Ruijten, Peter A. M., and Raymond H. Cuijpers. "Do Not Let the Robot Get too Close: Investigating the Shape and Size of Shared Interaction Space for Two People in a Conversation." Information 11, no. 3 (March 6, 2020): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11030147.

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Robotic and other autonomous systems that need to operate in environments with people should respect social rules. One important aspect of this is personal space, which is the space surrounding a person. When two people are in a conversation, they position themselves such that a so-called shared interaction space is created in the middle of them. The aim of the current research was to experimentally investigate the shape and size of this shared interaction space in different formations. In three experiments, we had a robot approaching two people who were having a conversation from 5 different directions, and those people indicated what would be a comfortable distance for the robot to stop. We expected that people would take the personal space of their conversation partner into account when stopping the robot. Findings of the three studies mostly confirm this expectation. Apart from some exceptions, people tend to stop the robot at a similar distance from their conversation partner as from themselves. If these findings are applied in the behavior of robotic and other autonomous systems, people would be more likely to trust and later accept robots in their physical space, ultimately creating natural social interactions between humans and robots.
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ROCCELLA, STEFANO, MARIA CHIARA CARROZZA, GIOVANNI CAPPIELLO, JOHN-JOHN CABIBIHAN, CECILIA LASCHI, PAOLO DARIO, HIDEAKI TAKANOBU, et al. "DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF FIVE-FINGERED HANDS FOR A HUMANOID EMOTION EXPRESSION ROBOT." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 04, no. 01 (March 2007): 181–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843607000996.

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Among social infrastructure technologies, Robot Technology (RT) is expected to play an important role in solving the problems of the aging society. New generations of personal robots are expected to be capable of assisting humans in a variety of contexts and thus of interacting and communicating with them effectively and even in a friendly and natural way. Expressing human-like emotions is an important capability to this aim. The objectives of this work are the design and development of two five-fingered robotic hands for a humanoid upper body able to generate and express emotions. The specific design goals have been grasping and expression of emotions through hand gestures, as a complement to facial expression of emotions. The paper presents the design process of the robotic hands, named RCH-1 (Robocasa Hand No. 1), starting from the requirements deriving from their use in grasping and gestures. The resulting robotic hands are described in detail, together with the hand sensory systems. Experimental trials are then presented, aimed at assessing the hand performance and at validating their effectiveness in grasping and emotion expression, when mounted on the emotion expression humanoid robot WE-4R (Waseda Eye No. 4 Refined).
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Krakovski, Maya, Shikhar Kumar, Shai Givati, Moshe Bardea, Oded Zafrani, Galit Nimrod, Simona Bar-Haim, and Yael Edan. "“Gymmy”: Designing and Testing a Robot for Physical and Cognitive Training of Older Adults." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 12, 2021): 6431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146431.

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Physical and cognitive training can maintain and improve older adults’ independence and quality of life. Given the demographic growth of the older adult population and the shortage of caregivers, there is a need for personal trainers for physical and cognitive activities. This study suggests that social robots can satisfy this demand and presents the development of “Gymmy”, a robotic system for the physical and cognitive training of older adults. The system design includes a humanoid mechanical-looking robot to demonstrate exercises, an RGB-Depth (RGB-D) camera to measure performance and a touch screen and speakers to provide instructions and feedback. Experiments with 26 older adults (65–84 years of age) were performed in home environments to examine the effect of users’ characteristics (age, gender, education and attitude toward robots), the addition of cognitive training and the success rate of the acceptability of a robot trainer. The results showed that age, attitude and education influenced the acceptance of the robotic system. The findings highlight the importance of customizing the system to the needs of different users and the role of meaningful feedback. The system was proven to be robust and reliable, demonstrating clear potential to be used as a personal trainer and as a means of motivating older adults.
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Garcia-Haro, Juan Miguel, Edwin Daniel Oña, Juan Hernandez-Vicen, Santiago Martinez, and Carlos Balaguer. "Service Robots in Catering Applications: A Review and Future Challenges." Electronics 10, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10010047.

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“Hello, I’m the TERMINATOR, and I’ll be your server today”. Diners might soon be feeling this greeting, with Optimus Prime in the kitchen and Wall-E then sending your order to C-3PO. In our daily lives, a version of that future is already showing up. Robotics companies are designing robots to handle tasks, including serving, interacting, collaborating, and helping. These service robots are intended to coexist with humans and engage in relationships that lead them to a better quality of life in our society. Their constant evolution and the arising of new challenges lead to an update of the existing systems. This update provides a generic vision of two questions: the advance of service robots, and more importantly, how these robots are applied in society (professional and personal) based on the market application. In this update, a new category is proposed: catering robotics. This proposal is based on the technological advances that generate new multidisciplinary application fields and challenges. Waiter robots is an example of the catering robotics. These robotic platforms might have social capacities to interact with the consumer and other robots, and at the same time, might have physical skills to perform complex tasks in professional environments such as restaurants. This paper explains the guidelines to develop a waiter robot, considering aspects such as architecture, interaction, planning, and execution.
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Mori, Taketoshi. "Special Issue on Human Modeling in Robotics." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 17, no. 6 (December 20, 2005): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2005.p0607.

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Human modeling is becoming an essential key technology for robotics and mechatronics systems that aid and expand human activities. Human modeling is indispensable in designing systems that conduct tasks difficult or even impossible for human beings to accomplish. Such systems include humanoid robots, power assistance suits, communication robots, intelligent support rooms, and user interface devices. This special issue focuses on the latest state-of-the-art human modeling research, especially in robotics, presenting a wide variety of human modeling areas. To support human beings in real-world environments, human behavior model is considerably important. Adaptation to personal characteristics may be the core function of next-generation system mechanisms, and human social modeling is the principal focus of interfacing for interaction systems. Cognitive and psychological models of human beings have always been an important domain in human-machine systems. Probabilistic and static methods have attracted attention in this research field. Not only mechanical but physiological human modeling may soon become 'vital' for all kind of robotic systems. This special issue is the kernel node for cultivating these rapidly advancing areas. I thank the authors of the articles in this issue for their invaluable effort and contributions. I also thank the members of the Editorial board, without whose work this special issue would not have been possible.
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Berdahl, Andrew, Colin J. Torney, Christos C. Ioannou, Jolyon J. Faria, and Iain D. Couzin. "Emergent Sensing of Complex Environments by Mobile Animal Groups." Science 339, no. 6119 (January 31, 2013): 574–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1225883.

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The capacity for groups to exhibit collective intelligence is an often-cited advantage of group living. Previous studies have shown that social organisms frequently benefit from pooling imperfect individual estimates. However, in principle, collective intelligence may also emerge from interactions between individuals, rather than from the enhancement of personal estimates. Here, we reveal that this emergent problem solving is the predominant mechanism by which a mobile animal group responds to complex environmental gradients. Robust collective sensing arises at the group level from individuals modulating their speed in response to local, scalar, measurements of light and through social interaction with others. This distributed sensing requires only rudimentary cognition and thus could be widespread across biological taxa, in addition to being appropriate and cost-effective for robotic agents.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Personal and social robotic"

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Rouanet, Pierre. "Apprendre à un robot à reconnaître des objets visuels nouveaux et à les associer à des mots nouveaux : le rôle de l’interface." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14510/document.

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Cette thèse s’intéresse au rôle de l’interface dans l’interaction humain-robot pour l’apprentissage. Elle étudie comment une interface bien conçue peut aider les utilisateurs non-experts à guider l’apprentissage social d’un robot, notamment en facilitant les situations d’attention partagée. Nous étudierons comment l’interface peut rendre l’interaction plus robuste, plus intuitive, mais aussi peut pousser les humains à fournir les bons exemples d’apprentissage qui amélioreront les performances de l’ensemble du système. Nous examinerons cette question dans le cadre de la robotique personnelle où l’apprentissage social peut jouer un rôle clé dans la découverte et l’adaptation d’un robot à son environnement immédiat. Nous avons choisi d’étudier le rôle de l’interface sur une instance particulière d’apprentissage social : l’apprentissage conjoint d’objets visuels et de mots nouveaux par un robot en interaction avec un humain non-expert. Ce défi représente en effet un levier important du développement de la robotique personnelle, l’acquisition du langage chez les robots et la communication entre un humain et un robot. Nous avons particulièrement étudié les défis d’interaction tels que le pointage et l’attention partagée.Nous présenterons au chapitre 1 une description de notre contexte applicatif : la robotique personnelle. Nous décrirons ensuite au chapitre 2 les problématiques liées au développement de robots sociaux et aux interactions avec l’homme. Enfin, au chapitre 3 nous présenterons la question de l’interface dans l’acquisition des premiers mots du langage chez les robots. La démarche centrée utilisateur suivie tout au long du travail de cette thèse sera décrite au chapitre 4. Dans les chapitres suivants, nous présenterons les différentes contributions de cette thèse. Au chapitre 5, nous montrerons comment des interfaces basées sur des objets médiateurs peuvent permettre de guider un robot dans un environnement du quotidien encombré. Au chapitre 6, nous présenterons un système complet basé sur des interfaces humain-robot, des algorithmes de perception visuelle et des mécanismes d’apprentissage, afin d’étudier l’impact des interfaces sur la qualité des exemples d’apprentissage d’objets visuels collectés. Une évaluation à grande échelle de ces interfaces, conçue sous forme de jeu robotique afin de reproduire des conditions réalistes d’utilisation hors-laboratoire, sera décrite au chapitre 7. Au chapitre 8, nous présenterons une extension de ce système permettant la collecte semi-automatique d’exemples d’apprentissage d’objets visuels. Nous étudierons ensuite la question de l’acquisition conjointe de mots vocaux nouveaux associés aux objets visuels dans le chapitre 9. Nous montrerons comment l’interface peut permettre d’améliorer les performances du système de reconnaissance vocale, et de faire directement catégoriser les exemples d’apprentissage à l’utilisateur à travers des interactions simples et transparentes. Enfin, les limites et extensions possibles de ces contributions seront présentées au chapitre 10
This thesis is interested in the role of interfaces in human-robot interactions for learning. In particular it studies how a well conceived interface can aid users, and more specifically non-expert users, to guide social learning of a robotic student, notably by facilitating situations of joint attention. We study how the interface can make the interaction more robust, more intuitive, but can also push the humans to provide good learning examples which permits the improvement of performance of the system as a whole. We examine this question in the realm of personal robotics where social learning can play a key role in the discovery and adaptation of a robot in its immediate environment. We have chosen to study this question of the role of the interface in social learning within a particular instance of learning : the combined learning of visual objects and new words by a robot in interactions with a non-expert human. Indeed this challenge represents an important an lever in the development of personal robotics, the acquisition of language for robots, and natural communication between a human and a robot. We have studied more particularly the challenge of human-robot interaction with respect to pointing and joint attention.We present first of all in Chapter 1 a description of our context : personal robotics. We then describe in Chapter 2 the problems which are more specifically linked to social robotic development and interactions with people. Finally, in Chapter 3, we present the question of interfaces in acquisition of the first words of language for a robot. The user centered approach followed throughout the work of this thesis will be described in Chapter 4. In the following chapters, we present the different contributions of this thesis. In Chapter 5, we show how some interfaces based on mediator objects can permit the guiding of a personal robot in a cluttered home environment. In Chapter 6, we present a complete system based on human-robot interfaces, the algorithms of visual perception and machine learning in order to study the impact of interfaces, and more specifically the role of different feedback of what the robot perceives, on the quality of collected learning examples of visual objects. A large scale user-study of these interfaces, designed in the form of a robotic game that reproduces realistic conditions of use outside of a laboratory, will be described in details in Chapter 7. In Chapter 8, we present an extension of the system which allows the collection of semi-automatic learning examples of visual objects. We then study the question of combined acquisition of new vocal words associated with visual objects in Chapter 9. We show that the interface can permit both the improvement of the performance of the speech recognition and direct categorization of the different learning examples through simple and transparent user’s interactions. Finally, a discussion of the limits and possible extensions of these contributions will be presented in Chapter 10
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CHOQUEHUANCA, CESAR RAUL MAMANI. "DESIGN AND ROBUST CONTROL OF A SELF-BALANCING PERSONAL ROBOTIC TRANSPORTER VEHICLE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=17228@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Nesta dissertação, um transportador pessoal robótico auto-equilibrante (TPRE) foi desenvolvido, consistindo de uma plataforma com duas rodas que funciona a partir do equilíbrio do indivíduo que o utiliza, assemelhando-se ao funcionamento do clássico pêndulo invertido. Entre as características que o TPRE tem, podem-se destacar a rapidez na movimentação, o uso de um espaço reduzido, alta capacidade de carga, e capacidade de fazer curvas de raio nulo. Ao contrário de veículos motorizados tradicionais, o TPRE utiliza alimentação elétrica, portanto não gera emissões poluentes e, além disso, não contribui com poluição sonora. Para a locomoção, são utilizados dois motores de corrente contínua de potências entre 0,7HP e 1,6HP. Para medir o ângulo de inclinação e a velocidade da variação do ângulo de inclinação, é utilizado um acelerômetro de três eixos e um girômetro de um eixo. Para indicar a direção do TPRE, foi utilizado um potenciômetro deslizante. A modelagem dinâmica do sistema foi feita usando o método de Kane, utilizada posteriormente em simulações na plataforma Matlab. O controlador lê os sinais provenientes do acelerômetro, do girômetro e do potenciômetro deslizante, e envia o sinal de controle, em forma de PWM, a placas controladoras de velocidade dos motores, usando a linguagem eLua. Os algoritmos de controle desenvolvidos neste trabalho foram PID, Fuzzy e Robusto, tendo como variáveis de controle o erro e a velocidade da variação do erro do ângulo de inclinação. Experimentos demonstram que os controles Fuzzy e Robusto reduzem significativamente as oscilações do sistema em terrenos planos em relação ao PID. Verifica-se também uma maior estabilidade para terrenos irregulares ou inclinados.
A Self Balancing Personal Transporter (SBPT) is a robotic platform with two wheels that functions from the balance of the individual who uses it, resembling the operation of classic inverted pendulum. In this thesis, a SBPT is designed, built and controlled. Among the features from the developed SBPT, it can be mentioned: relatively high speeds, agility, compact aluminum structure, zero turn radius, and high load capacity, when compared to other SBPT in the market. Unlike traditional motor vehicles, the SBPT uses electric power, so there is no polluent emissions to the environment and no noise pollution. It is powered by two motors with output powers between 0.7HP and 1.6HP. To measure the tilt angle and its rate of change, a three-axis accelerometer and a gyroscope are used. The turning commands to the SBPT are sent through a potentiometer attached to the handle bars. The method of Kane is used to obtain the system dynamic equations, which are then used in Matlab simulations. The controller, programmed in eLua, reads the signals from the accelerometer, gyroscope and potentiometer slider, process them, and then sends PWM output signals to the speed controller of the drive motors. This thesis studies three control implementations: PID, Fuzzy and Robust Control. The control variables are the error and error variation of the tilt angle. It is found that the Fuzzy and Robust controls are more efficient than the PID to stabilize the system on inclined planes and on rough terrain.
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Buckenham, M. A. "Reconstructing personal construct psychology : personal and social worlds." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264709.

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Hayosh, Daniel G. "Development of a Low-Cost Social Robotic Platform." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case156760134522865.

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Zylberstein, Adam, and Fredrik Mälberg. "ENSURING PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE OF ROBOTIC TECHNOLOGY : A study exploring the determinants of robotic acceptance." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-38002.

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Williams, Kenton J. (Kenton James). "Physics-, social-, and capability- based reasoning for robotic manipulation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70445.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-128).
Robots that can function in human-centric domains have the potential to help humans with the chores of everyday life. Moreover, dexterous robots with the ability to reason about the maneuvers they execute for manipulation tasks can function more autonomously and intelligently. This thesis outlines the development of a reasoning architecture that uses physics-, social-, and agent capability-based knowledge to generate manipulation strategies that a dexterous robot can implement in the physical world. The reasoning system learns object affordances through a combination of observations from human interactions, explicit rules and constraints imposed on the system, and hardcoded physics-based logic. Observations from humans performing manipulation tasks are also used to develop a unique manipulation repertoire suitable for the robot. The system then uses Bayesian Networks to probabilistically determine the best manipulation strategies for the robot to execute on new objects. The robot leverages this knowledge during experimental trials where manipulation strategies suggested by the reasoning architecture are shown to perform well in new manipulation environments.
by Kenton J. Williams.
S.M.
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Poblano, Raul-David Valdivia. "Exploration of robotic-wheel technology for enhanced urban mobility and city scale omni-directional personal transportation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45756.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-52).
Mobility is traditionally thought of as freedom to access more goods and services. However, in my view, mobility is also largely about personal freedom, i.e., the ability to exceed one's physical limitations, in essence, to become "more than human" in physical capabilities. This thesis explores novel designs for omni-directional motion in a mobility scooter, car and bus with the aim of increasing personal mobility and freedom. What links these designs is the use of split active caster wheel robot technology. In the first section, societal and technological impacts of omni-directional motion in the city are examined. The second section of the thesis presents built and rendered prototypes of these three designs. The third and final section, evaluates implementation issues including robotic controls and an algorithm necessary for real world omni-directional mobility.
by Raul-David Valdivia Poblano.
S.M.
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Carinus, Suzaan. "Articulating a personal social media strategy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95672.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: History and statistics confirm that social media and the internet has come a long way and is bound to keep evolving and growing in the future. But many opposing views and criticism surround the ubiquitous use thereof. One’s personal social media strategy is the basis of personal branding. Managing the strategy pro-actively and creatively is thus very important. The report gives a quick overview of the web key concepts, technologies and tools currently available for social media participation. These tools are grouped by looking at various current social media classification frameworks that exist. Alas, classification must also somehow make provision for forthcoming platforms – and is thus not conclusive. A discussion of the latest technological, digital and social media trends and adoption factors were also included. Knowledge of the trends influence the personal social media strategy formulation heavily. Intermediaries can also assist to provide the required knowledge or experience and also more extensive services if chosen, because creating content is much different from merely consuming it and the technologies, tools and trends change incredibly fast. Several case studies were analysed to gain insights about guidelines, etiquette, risks, challenges and achievements in the social media arena. The various lessons demonstrated the importance of establishing guidelines for social media participation. The case studies further demonstrated that the level of transparency the world has now, won’t support having different identities for a person. Everybody need to understand and accept the societal shift and adjust their behaviour accordingly, if they want to achieve success in the digital arena. This is also of the essence to CEO’s – as their companies will increasingly require their involvement in the social media arena, in order to remain relevant. All the relevant factors were taken into consideration in order to compile a suggested framework for personal social media strategy compilation. Following the framework, not as a recipe but as a mere guideline, will assist individuals to draw up their own personal social media strategy. The strategy consists of four phases, namely planning, organising, execution and monitoring and are set out with several building blocks contained in each, as well as advice on how to approach each building block. Despite the formality of the given framework, it is imperative to remember to have fun – if the creator is not, the audience certainly also won’t and all the effort will most definitely be wasted. Key words: Personal social media strategy; Social media; Social networking; Social media guidelines; Personal social media strategy framework
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Roberts, Francis Charles. "Social structures, epistemology and personal identity." Thesis, Open University, 1991. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57338/.

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In this thesis a set of interlocking arguments is fashioned. Each argument serves a dual purpose: it contributes to the acceptability of the main theme developed In the thesis and it increases the acceptability of the other arguments. At all stages the price paid for refusing to accept the conclusions drawn is cited. There are two driving forces behind the construction of the set of arguments. The first involves a recognition that there is a need for some 'underiabouring' work to be done for the Social Sciences; the second, relatedly. that there is a need to relocate the current debate in Anglo-Saxon Philosophy on, the question of Personal Identity. The colligation of the arguments accomplishes an 'underlabouring' task for the Social Sciences. This task consists of the identification of some of the Implications of the acceptance (whether tacit or explicitly stated) of two notions: the notions of what constitutes a person and what constitutes society. it Is argued that Possible uses of the concept of a person, inherent in any Interpretation of social phenomena, will constrain the explanatory power of any social scientific theory (or even ofa common system of beliefs) In which the interpretation is embedded. If one accepts a social scientific theory (or any common system of beliefs) which subsumes a concept of a person which does not see persons as essentially subjective, essentially social and essentially knowledge-seeking then one has to pay a series of penalties. Foremost among the penalties Is the sacrifice of the possibility of the expansion of the understanding of social phenomena. There are two concepts of society, embedded in contrasting systems of beliefs, whose acceptance has the effect of reinforcing the constraint on the explanatory power of the systems. One concept Involves a view of society as an object with causal powers, the other sees only Individuals as social causal agents. Whether it is Implicit or explicitly stated, the acceptance of either concept of society will cement the constraint on the expansion of one's understanding of social phenomena. The arguments go on to show that only the acceptance of a concept of society seen as an ensemble (itself devoid of detectable causal power) of social structures with causal powers can induce a lifting of some of the restrictions on the expansion of one's understanding of social phenomena. At the core of the arguments lies a fundamental distinction. This is the distinction which needs to be made between the functions of epistemological and ontological concepts which underpin one's understanding of social phenomena. It Is argued that, while such a distinction needs to be made, the relationship between the two functions is a symbiotic one - neither can operate without the other. The differentiation between the two functions is achieved by focusing on the distinction between knowledge and being - encapsulated in Chapter 2 by the distinction made between 'cultural environments' and 'social environments'. Linked to, and sustaining, the distinction between social and cultural environments is a distinction between two aspects of cognitive interactions between Individuals. These two aspects Involve a contrast between an Individual's sense of 'Interacting with' and a sense of 'being with' other Individuals. The former involves individuals in operating 'social kinds' while the latter involves them in sustaining the operating parameters of social kinds. Operations of social kinds are needed for changes in states of understanding to occur (in other words the operations have epistemological significance); by contrast the sustaining of the operational parameters of social kinds is significant with respect to the functions of ontological concepts. The failure of many theories of Personal Identity to address the problems generated by conflating epistemology and ontology In the social sciences renders such theories Inadequate to the task of providing a comprehensive analysis of Personal Identity. The arguments In the thesis pinpoint the nature of this Inadequacy, and show how it might be avoided.
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Fosch, Villaronga Eduard. "Towards a legal and ethical framework for personal care robots. Analysis of person carrier, physical assistant and mobile servant robots." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457739.

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Podria donar-se el cas que qui creï un robot que interactua amb humans desconegui quins són els requeriments legals que ha de seguir per a complir amb la llei, ja sigui perquè no existeixi una llei específica per a dit producte, perquè no sigui molt clar quins són els impactes que dits dispositius tenen a nivell legal o simplement perquè la llei és massa genèrica i sigui necessària una concreció al cas concret. D’altra banda, no és menys cert que el ràpid avenç de les noves tecnologies també dificulta la resposta del sistema legislatiu: per exemple, la regulació de vehicles i transport no contempla un vehicle autònom sense conductor com a categoria, així com tampoc un hominoide que va pel carrer gaudeix de cap categoria concreta com altres (vianant, motocicleta, camió) tenen. Per aclarir, així doncs, quins són els aspectes legals a tenir en compte davant la creació d’una nova tecnologia – en aquest cas un robot – és important conduir un anàlisi dels diferents impactes que aquests poden tenir a nivell legal. Aquesta avaluació s’hauria de fer, primer de tot, amb les regulacions existents i així determinar si la creació tecnològica es manté dins l’espai de llibertat legal. Si dit espai no s’oposa a la creació, els roboticistes podran continuar desenvolupant-la. En canvi, si els roboticistes troben algunes limitacions bé podran 1) ajustar el robot a les demandes del marc regulador existent; 2) iniciar una negociació amb el legislador per a canviar la llei, de manera que el robot compleixi amb la nova normativa; o 3) dur a terme el pla original i assumir el risc de no ser conforme a la normativa. El legislador pot, per altra banda, discutir les regulacions existents amb els desenvolupadors de robots i donar una resposta jurídica en conseqüència. En un món idíl·lic, els robots no comporten cap espècie de risc i, per tant, qualsevol amenaça podria abordar-se des de la prevenció, i qualsevol oportunitat des de la facilitació. La realitat nogensmenys és molt més complexa i tot sovint els impactes són ben incerts, sobretot quan es tracta de robots enfocats a l’assistència personal. Així doncs, el legislador haurà de fer front a dita incertesa, a efectes ambigus, i a efectes desconeguts. Com veiem, legislador i creador de tecnologia robòtica hauran d’arribar a un acord per tal d’establir aquests nous escenaris incerts i inesperats. Un anàlisi exhaustiu i rigorós d’aquesta realitat evolutiva seria, per tant, útil per a entendre millor la tecnologia i preparar el camí per a un futur marc legal i ètic d’aquestes tecnologies robòtiques. Com es pot entreveure, aquest és un objectiu ampli i complex, tenint en compte la gran varietat de tecnologies robòtiques emergents. És per aquest motiu que aquesta tesi se centra en la identificació i l’avaluació dels impactes dels robots per a l’assistència personal. En concret, la tesi acompanya als roboticistes en el seu camí de compliment legal tot utilitzant les més innovadores metodologies d’avaluació de l’impacte (impact assessment en anglès). Al dur a terme la metodologia de l’impacte es poden identificar més fàcilment els buits legals existents així com la manca de claredat del sistema normatiu. Dita informació s’ha recollit al llarg d’aquest treball per a què pugui ser considerada pel futur legislador que s’ocupi de la creació del marc jurídic per als robots d’assistència personal, incloent transportadors de persones, assistents físics i robots mòbils de servei.
Roboticists building robots that interact with humans may be clueless about what regulations apply to their product. They might not even know whether they are legally responsible for their products. Sometimes, even law is not prepared to promptly accommodate new types of technology, e.g. driverless cars. Therefore, when a new robot is created or a new function/use is introduced, an assessment of the impacts should be carried out. This assessment should be made first against regulations to make sure that this new technology or its new use remains within the existing liberty space. If the creators of the robot do not encounter any limitations, they can then proceed with its development. On the contrary, if there are some limitations, robot creators will either (1) adjust the robot to comply with the existing regulatory framework; (2) start a negotiation with the regulators to change the law, so that the original robot is compliant with a new regulation; or (3) carry out the original plan and risk to be non- compliant. The regulator can discuss existing (or lacking) regulations with robot developers and give a legal response accordingly. In an ideal world, robots are clear of impacts and therefore threats can be responded in terms of prevention and opportunities in form of facilitation. In reality, the impacts of robots are often uncertain and less clear, especially when they are inserted in care applications. Therefore, regulators will have to address uncertain risks, ambiguous impacts and yet unknown effects. Technology is rapidly developing, and regulators and robot creators inevitably have to come to terms with new and unexpected scenarios. A thorough analysis of this new and continuously evolving reality could be useful to better understand the current situation and pave the way to the future creation of a legal and ethical framework that takes into proper account all these new technologies. This is clearly a wide and complex goal, considering the variety of new technologies available today and those under development. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the evaluation of the impacts of personal care robots. In particular, it analyzes how roboticists adjust their creations to the existing regulatory framework for legal compliance purposes. By carrying out the impact assessment analysis, existing regulatory gaps and lack of regulatory clarity can be highlighted. These gaps should of course be considered further on by lawmakers for a future legal framework for personal care robot.
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Books on the topic "Personal and social robotic"

1

Genet, Russell. Robotic observatories: Remote-access personal-computer astronomy. Mesa, Ariz: AutoScope Corp., 1989.

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Shaw, William H. Social and personal ethics. 2nd ed. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1996.

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MacBeath, John. Personal and social education. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic, 1988.

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Shaw, William H. Social and personal ethics. 3rd ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub., 1999.

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Social and personal ethics. 7th ed. Australia: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2011.

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Jewish personal & social ethics. West Orange, N.J: Behrman House, 1990.

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Social and personal ethics. 5th ed. Australia: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, 2005.

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MacBeath, John E. C. Personal and social education. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1988.

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Social and personal ethics. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth Pub., 1993.

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Social and personal ethics. 4th ed. Australia: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Personal and social robotic"

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Baumann, Timo, and Felix Lindner. "Incremental Speech Production for Polite and Natural Personal-Space Intrusion." In Social Robotics, 72–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25554-5_8.

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Datta, Chandan, Bruce A. MacDonald, Chandimal Jayawardena, and I.-Han Kuo. "Programming Behaviour of a Personal Service Robot with Application to Healthcare." In Social Robotics, 228–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34103-8_23.

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Fosch Villaronga, E. "Legal Frame of Non-social Personal Care Robots." In New Trends in Medical and Service Robots, 229–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59972-4_17.

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Coeckelbergh, Mark. "Talking to Robots: On the Linguistic Construction of Personal Human-Robot Relations." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 126–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19385-9_16.

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Megarry, Jessica. "‘I don’t see any strategy really, I see more […] personal venting’: Consciousness-Raising, Theory-Building and Activism in Digital Space." In Social and Cultural Studies of Robots and AI, 183–228. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60629-9_5.

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Niemelä, Marketta, Lina van Aerschot, Antti Tammela, and Iina Aaltonen. "A Telepresence Robot in Residential Care: Family Increasingly Present, Personnel Worried About Privacy." In Social Robotics, 85–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70022-9_9.

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van der Heide, Edwin. "Spatial Sounds (100dB at 100km/h) in the Context of Human Robot Personal Relationships." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 27–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19385-9_4.

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Bartl, Andrea, Stefanie Bosch, Michael Brandt, Monique Dittrich, and Birgit Lugrin. "The Influence of a Social Robot’s Persona on How it is Perceived and Accepted by Elderly Users." In Social Robotics, 681–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47437-3_67.

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Anzalone, Salvatore M., Antonio Nuzzo, Nicola Patti, Rosario Sorbello, and Antonio Chella. "Emo-dramatic Robotic Stewards." In Social Robotics, 382–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17248-9_40.

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Weinberg, Gil, Mason Bretan, Guy Hoffman, and Scott Driscoll. "“Be Social”—Embodied Human-Robot Musical Interactions." In Robotic Musicianship, 143–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38930-7_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Personal and social robotic"

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Barea, R., L. M. Bergasa, E. Lopez, M. S. Escudero, and C. Leon. "Face Recognition for Social Interaction with a Personal Robotic Assistant." In EUROCON 2005 - The International Conference on "Computer as a Tool". IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurcon.2005.1629942.

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Nejat, Goldie, and Maurizio Ficocelli. "Social Intelligence for a Task-Driven Assistive Robot." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28674.

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The objective of a socially assistive robot is to create a close and effective interaction with a human user for the purpose of giving assistance. In particular, the social interaction, guidance and support that a socially assistive robot can provide a person can be very beneficial to patient-centered care. However, there are a number of conundrums that must be addressed in designing such a robot. This work addresses one of the main limitations in the development of intelligent task-driven socially assistive robots: Robotic control architecture design and implementation with explicit social and assistive task functionalities. In particular, in this paper, a unique emotional behavior module is presented and implemented in a learning-based control architecture for human-robot interactions (HRI). The module is utilized to determine the appropriate emotions of the robot, as motivated by the well-being of the person, during assistive task-driven interactions. A novel online updating technique is used in order to allow the emotional model to adapt to new people and scenarios. Preliminary experiments presented show the effectiveness of utilizing robotic emotional assistive behavior during HRI in assistive scenarios.
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McColl, Derek, and Goldie Nejat. "A Socially Assistive Robot That Can Interpret Body Language." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48031.

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Socially assistive robots can engage in assistive human-robot interactions (HRI) by providing rehabilitation of cognitive, social, and physical abilities after a stroke, accident or diagnosis of a social, developmental or cognitive disorder. However, there are a number of research issues that need to be addressed in order to design such robots. In this paper, we address one main challenge in the development of intelligent socially assistive robots: A robot’s ability to identify human non-verbal communication during assistive interactions. In this paper, we present a unique non-contact automated sensory-based approach for identification and categorization of human upper body language in determining how accessible a person is to a robot during natural real-time HRI. This classification will allow a robot to effectively determine its own reactive task-driven behavior during assistive interactions. The types of interactions envisioned include providing reminders, health monitoring, and social and cognitive therapies. Preliminary experiments show the potential of integrating the proposed body language recognition and classification technique into socially assistive robotic systems partaking in HRI scenarios.
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Alves, Diego Cardoso, and Paula Dornhofer Paro Costa. "Multimodal social scenario perception model for initial human-robot interaction." In XXXII Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sibgrapi.est.2019.8309.

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Human-robot interaction imposes many challenges and artificial intelligence researchers are demanded to improve scene perception, social navigation and engagement. Great attention is being dedicated to the development of computer vision and multimodal sensing approaches that are focused on the evolution of social robotic systems and the improvement of social model accuracy. Most recent works related to social robotics rely on the engagement process with a focus on maintaining a previously established conversation. This work brings up the study of initial human-robot interaction contexts, proposing a system that is able to analyze a social scenario through the detection and analysis of persons and surrounding features in a scene. RGB and depth frames, as well as audio data, were used in order to achieve better performance in indoor scene monitoring and human behavior analysis.
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Subramani, Guru, Aubrey M. Fisher, Moria F. Bittmann, Andrea H. Mason, Brittany G. Travers, and Michael R. Zinn. "Development of a Robotic Motor Skills Assessment System for Children With Autism." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3447.

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Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by atypical social interactions and repetitive behaviors/restricted interests[1]. It is found that children with autism also experience delayed or impaired motor skills development [2]. It would be advantageous to develop methods that precisely evaluate these motor skills impairments. The use of robots for evaluating upper limb motor competency have been looked at in the stroke literature [3]. We would like to leverage robotic tools for motor skills assessment but with focus for children with autism spectrum disorder. Robotic methodologies provide a unique way of testing upper limb motor skills. For instance, if a person holds on to the end of a robot arm and moves the robot arm in space, the robot can apply forces and prevent or assist the person with these motions. In this fashion, the robot can apply perturbations in a repeatable and precise manner with high fidelity. Since individuals with autism have anxieties interacting with other individuals[4], using an impersonal robot would alleviate the anxiety of social interactions. These individuals learn motor skills best with consistent repetition and strong reinforcement, qualities that robots provide. Therefore, a robot based evaluation strategy and therapy paradigm for children with Autism would be beneficial for the community.
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Zhang, Zhe, and Goldie Nejat. "Human Affective State Recognition and Classification During Human-Robot Interaction Scenarios." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87647.

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A new novel breed of robots known as socially assistive robots is emerging. These robots are capable of providing assistance to individuals through social and cognitive interaction. The development of socially assistive robots for health care applications can provide measurable improvements in patient safety, quality of care, and operational efficiencies by playing an increasingly important role in patient care in the fast pace of crowded clinics, hospitals and nursing/veterans homes. However, there are a number of research issues that need to be addressed in order to design such robots. In this paper, we address one main challenge in the development of intelligent socially assistive robots: The robot’s ability to identify, understand and react to human intent and human affective states during assistive interaction. In particular, we present a unique non-contact and non-restricting sensory-based approach for identification and categorization of human body language in determining the affective state of a person during natural real-time human-robot interaction. This classification allows the robot to effectively determine its taskdriven behavior during assistive interaction. Preliminary experiments show the potential of integrating the proposed gesture recognition and classification technique into intelligent socially assistive robotic systems for autonomous interactions with people.
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Chan, Jeanie, and Goldie Nejat. "The Design of an Intelligent Socially Assistive Robot for Person-Centered Cognitive Interventions." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28681.

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Recently, there has been a growing body of research that supports the effectiveness of using non-pharmacological cognitive and social training interventions to reduce the decline of or improve brain functioning in individuals suffering from cognitive impairments. However, implementing and sustaining such interventions on a long-term basis is difficult as they require considerable resources and people, and can be very time-consuming for healthcare staff. The objectives of our research are to validate the effectiveness of these training interventions and make them more accessible to healthcare professionals through the aid of robotic assistants. Our work focuses on designing a human-like socially assistive robot, Brian 2.0, with abilities to recognize and identify human affective intent to determine its own appropriate emotion-based behavior while engaging in natural and believable social interactions with people. In this paper, we present the design of a novel human-robot interaction (HRI) control architecture for Brian 2.0 that allows the robot to provide social and cognitive stimulation in person-centered cognitive interventions. Namely, the novel control architecture is designed to allow a robot to act as a social motivator by encouraging, congratulating and assisting a person during the course of a cognitively stimulating activity. Preliminary experiments validate the robot’s ability to provide assistive interactions during a HRI-based person-directed activity.
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Strand, Marcus, Thomas Schamm, Ahmed Benazza, Thilo Kerscher, Marius Zollner, and Rudiger Dillmann. "Control of an autonomous personal transporter towards moving targets." In 2009 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/arso.2009.5587083.

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Silva, Renato Ramos da, Maria de Jesus Dutra dos Reis, and Roseli Ap Francelin Romero. "Personal identity module using psychoevolutionary emotion theory for social robots." In 2012 RO-MAN: The 21st IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/roman.2012.6343809.

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Zhou, Wei, Xiaoming Jiang, Xuefeng Zhou, Xiaoguang Liu, and Taobo Cheng. "Progress in standardization for personnel qualification and safety of robotic welding." In 2016 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/arso.2016.7736301.

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Reports on the topic "Personal and social robotic"

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Geanakoplos, John, and Stephen Zeldes. Reforming Social Security with Progressive Personal Accounts. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13979.

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Oppel, Annalena. Beyond Informal Social Protection – Personal Networks of Economic Support in Namibia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2020.002.

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This paper poses a different lens on informal social protection (ISP). ISP is generally understood as practices of livelihood support among individuals. While studies have explored the social dynamics of such, they rarely do so beyond the conceptual space of informalities and poverty. For instance, they discuss aspects of inclusion, incentives and disincentives, efficiency and adequacy. This provides important insights on whether and to what extent these practices provide livelihood support and for whom. However, doing so in part disregards the socio-political context within which support practices take place. This paper therefore introduces the lens of between-group inequality through the Black Tax narrative. It draws on unique mixed method data of 205 personal support networks of Namibian adults. The results show how understanding these practices beyond the lens of informal social protection can provide important insights on how economic inequality resonates in support relationships, which in turn can play a part in reproducing the inequalities to which they respond.
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Shiller, Robert. The Life-Cycle Personal Accounts Proposal for Social Security: A Review. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11300.

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Goldberg, Fred, and Michael Graetz. Reforming Social Security: A Practical and Workable System of Personal Retirement Accounts. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6970.

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Sampson, Paula B. Social Media or Personal Selling? Strategy for Successful Sales of Student Projects. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-23.

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Gustman, Alan, and Thomas Steinmeier. The New Social Security Commission Personal Accounts: Where Is the Investment Principal? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9045.

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Frink, Dwight D., and Gerald R. Ferris. Personal and Structural Influences on Performance in Dynamic Environments: An Investigation of Social Skill/Intelligence and Social Contingencies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada416400.

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Keim, Sylvia, Andreas Klärner, and Laura Bernardi. Fertility-relevant social networks: composition, structure, and meaning of personal relationships for fertility intentions. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2009-006.

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Feldstein, Martin, and Andrew Samwick. Maintaining Social Security Benefits and Tax Rates through Personal Retirement Accounts: An Update Based on the 1998 Social Security Trustees Report. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6540.

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Yamada, Tetsuji, and Tadashi Yamada. The Effects of Japanese Social Security Retirement Benefits on Personal Savings and Elderly Labor Force Behavior. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2661.

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