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Journal articles on the topic 'Personal and social robotic'
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Torta, Elena, Raymond H. Cuijpers, and James F. Juola. "Design of a Parametric Model of Personal Space for Robotic Social Navigation." International Journal of Social Robotics 5, no. 3 (May 21, 2013): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12369-013-0188-9.
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Ginés, Jonatan, Francisco Martín, David Vargas, Francisco J. Rodríguez, and Vicente Matellán. "Social Navigation in a Cognitive Architecture Using Dynamic Proxemic Zones." Sensors 19, no. 23 (November 27, 2019): 5189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235189.
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Robots have begun to populate the everyday environments of human beings. These social robots must perform their tasks without disturbing the people with whom they share their environment. This paper proposes a navigation algorithm for robots that is acceptable to people. Robots will detect the personal areas of humans, to carry out their tasks, generating navigation routes that have less impact on human activities. The main novelty of this work is that the robot will perceive the moods of people to adjust the size of proxemic areas. This work will contribute to making the presence of robots in human-populated environments more acceptable. As a result, we have integrated this approach into a cognitive architecture designed to perform tasks in human-populated environments. The paper provides quantitative experimental results in two scenarios: controlled, including social navigation metrics in comparison with a traditional navigation method, and non-controlled, in robotic competitions where different studies of social robotics are measured.
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Filyasova, Yu. "Perfectionist Involvement in Social and Labour Relations Depending on Personnel Management Style." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 10, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2305-7807-2021-10-1-30-36.
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Research into personal qualities of employees is acquiring relevance in the modern society as physical and material means and instruments of production are gradually being excluded from immediate interaction with people; their place is being taken by robotic technologies; whereas human labour is turning into intellectual creativity. Perfectionism is one of personal construct characteristics, which allows them to achieve high goals, overcoming different obstacles. The aim of the work was to consider the involvement of employees, characterized by perfectionistic personal construct, in social and labour relations under the authoritarian, democratic and liberal management styles. Perfectionists known for their struggle for high achievements are inclined to work individually and characterized by a low level of socialization. Under the authoritarian style, managers usually diminish individual achievements, focusing on the importance of goals and objectives rather than personality types of employees; therefore, perfectionists risk turning into reserved unsocial individuals. The democratic and liberal personnel management styles give the possibility to integrate perfectionists in teamwork, to activate their positive personal qualities and, in this way, enable them to meaningfully socialize. The democratic and liberal management styles provide conditions for successful combination of personal perfectionist interests and socially relevant objectives. In the age of information-oriented society, targeted at intensive intellectual development, contribution of perfectionists is indispensable; however, it is necessary to facilitate their social integration underlying inseparability of their individual goals and socially significant objectives.
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Kipriyanova, Marionella Arkadievna, and Sergey Natanovich Smolnikov. "Specialists training in a technical university in the transition to a robotic society." SHS Web of Conferences 121 (2021): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112103005.
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The prerequisites for the research of the topic arise from the tasks of society modernization and social training of professional staff for these purposes. The latter has traditionally been based on sociology as a science appropriate to the present moment, studying societal problems at the group and individual levels of individual behavior. However, during the transition to the Bologna model of education, it was withdrawn from the Federal State Educational Standard for training future engineers and dramatically downgraded in status, which had a negative impact on their personal potential as professionals. This was stated by employers who had been given the task of using these graduates for the purposes of Russia’s transition to an information, robotic society. The purpose of the research is to draw the attention of society and the authorities to the importance of strengthening the social training of groups capable of keeping up with the scientific and technological progress of society, using the base of sociological knowledge. For the methodological basis of the topic were used: the sociology of higher education, theories of personal role behavior, as well as the concept of social humanism. Three sets of sources and literature on the topic have been studied, revealing the main problem of society, which centers on the situation with “artificial sociality” as a condition of socialization of student youth, and the conjunction of their behavior with “digital risks”; as well as the impact of these risks on both natural and social environments. It is argued that students who are already taking these risks today are potential creators of new “digital” and other technologies, who have not mastered the skills of forecasting social and professional behavior and have not formed themselves as a whole person. The hypothesis formulated in the article about the tendency to reduce the hours of social training in universities for engineering personnel has been confirmed. The reason for this trend is the neoliberal policy of austerity on education.
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Ruijten, Peter A. M., and Raymond H. Cuijpers. "Do Not Let the Robot Get too Close: Investigating the Shape and Size of Shared Interaction Space for Two People in a Conversation." Information 11, no. 3 (March 6, 2020): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11030147.
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Robotic and other autonomous systems that need to operate in environments with people should respect social rules. One important aspect of this is personal space, which is the space surrounding a person. When two people are in a conversation, they position themselves such that a so-called shared interaction space is created in the middle of them. The aim of the current research was to experimentally investigate the shape and size of this shared interaction space in different formations. In three experiments, we had a robot approaching two people who were having a conversation from 5 different directions, and those people indicated what would be a comfortable distance for the robot to stop. We expected that people would take the personal space of their conversation partner into account when stopping the robot. Findings of the three studies mostly confirm this expectation. Apart from some exceptions, people tend to stop the robot at a similar distance from their conversation partner as from themselves. If these findings are applied in the behavior of robotic and other autonomous systems, people would be more likely to trust and later accept robots in their physical space, ultimately creating natural social interactions between humans and robots.
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ROCCELLA, STEFANO, MARIA CHIARA CARROZZA, GIOVANNI CAPPIELLO, JOHN-JOHN CABIBIHAN, CECILIA LASCHI, PAOLO DARIO, HIDEAKI TAKANOBU, et al. "DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF FIVE-FINGERED HANDS FOR A HUMANOID EMOTION EXPRESSION ROBOT." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 04, no. 01 (March 2007): 181–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843607000996.
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Among social infrastructure technologies, Robot Technology (RT) is expected to play an important role in solving the problems of the aging society. New generations of personal robots are expected to be capable of assisting humans in a variety of contexts and thus of interacting and communicating with them effectively and even in a friendly and natural way. Expressing human-like emotions is an important capability to this aim. The objectives of this work are the design and development of two five-fingered robotic hands for a humanoid upper body able to generate and express emotions. The specific design goals have been grasping and expression of emotions through hand gestures, as a complement to facial expression of emotions. The paper presents the design process of the robotic hands, named RCH-1 (Robocasa Hand No. 1), starting from the requirements deriving from their use in grasping and gestures. The resulting robotic hands are described in detail, together with the hand sensory systems. Experimental trials are then presented, aimed at assessing the hand performance and at validating their effectiveness in grasping and emotion expression, when mounted on the emotion expression humanoid robot WE-4R (Waseda Eye No. 4 Refined).
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Krakovski, Maya, Shikhar Kumar, Shai Givati, Moshe Bardea, Oded Zafrani, Galit Nimrod, Simona Bar-Haim, and Yael Edan. "“Gymmy”: Designing and Testing a Robot for Physical and Cognitive Training of Older Adults." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 12, 2021): 6431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146431.
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Physical and cognitive training can maintain and improve older adults’ independence and quality of life. Given the demographic growth of the older adult population and the shortage of caregivers, there is a need for personal trainers for physical and cognitive activities. This study suggests that social robots can satisfy this demand and presents the development of “Gymmy”, a robotic system for the physical and cognitive training of older adults. The system design includes a humanoid mechanical-looking robot to demonstrate exercises, an RGB-Depth (RGB-D) camera to measure performance and a touch screen and speakers to provide instructions and feedback. Experiments with 26 older adults (65–84 years of age) were performed in home environments to examine the effect of users’ characteristics (age, gender, education and attitude toward robots), the addition of cognitive training and the success rate of the acceptability of a robot trainer. The results showed that age, attitude and education influenced the acceptance of the robotic system. The findings highlight the importance of customizing the system to the needs of different users and the role of meaningful feedback. The system was proven to be robust and reliable, demonstrating clear potential to be used as a personal trainer and as a means of motivating older adults.
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Garcia-Haro, Juan Miguel, Edwin Daniel Oña, Juan Hernandez-Vicen, Santiago Martinez, and Carlos Balaguer. "Service Robots in Catering Applications: A Review and Future Challenges." Electronics 10, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10010047.
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“Hello, I’m the TERMINATOR, and I’ll be your server today”. Diners might soon be feeling this greeting, with Optimus Prime in the kitchen and Wall-E then sending your order to C-3PO. In our daily lives, a version of that future is already showing up. Robotics companies are designing robots to handle tasks, including serving, interacting, collaborating, and helping. These service robots are intended to coexist with humans and engage in relationships that lead them to a better quality of life in our society. Their constant evolution and the arising of new challenges lead to an update of the existing systems. This update provides a generic vision of two questions: the advance of service robots, and more importantly, how these robots are applied in society (professional and personal) based on the market application. In this update, a new category is proposed: catering robotics. This proposal is based on the technological advances that generate new multidisciplinary application fields and challenges. Waiter robots is an example of the catering robotics. These robotic platforms might have social capacities to interact with the consumer and other robots, and at the same time, might have physical skills to perform complex tasks in professional environments such as restaurants. This paper explains the guidelines to develop a waiter robot, considering aspects such as architecture, interaction, planning, and execution.
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Mori, Taketoshi. "Special Issue on Human Modeling in Robotics." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 17, no. 6 (December 20, 2005): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2005.p0607.
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Human modeling is becoming an essential key technology for robotics and mechatronics systems that aid and expand human activities. Human modeling is indispensable in designing systems that conduct tasks difficult or even impossible for human beings to accomplish. Such systems include humanoid robots, power assistance suits, communication robots, intelligent support rooms, and user interface devices. This special issue focuses on the latest state-of-the-art human modeling research, especially in robotics, presenting a wide variety of human modeling areas. To support human beings in real-world environments, human behavior model is considerably important. Adaptation to personal characteristics may be the core function of next-generation system mechanisms, and human social modeling is the principal focus of interfacing for interaction systems. Cognitive and psychological models of human beings have always been an important domain in human-machine systems. Probabilistic and static methods have attracted attention in this research field. Not only mechanical but physiological human modeling may soon become 'vital' for all kind of robotic systems. This special issue is the kernel node for cultivating these rapidly advancing areas. I thank the authors of the articles in this issue for their invaluable effort and contributions. I also thank the members of the Editorial board, without whose work this special issue would not have been possible.
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Berdahl, Andrew, Colin J. Torney, Christos C. Ioannou, Jolyon J. Faria, and Iain D. Couzin. "Emergent Sensing of Complex Environments by Mobile Animal Groups." Science 339, no. 6119 (January 31, 2013): 574–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1225883.
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The capacity for groups to exhibit collective intelligence is an often-cited advantage of group living. Previous studies have shown that social organisms frequently benefit from pooling imperfect individual estimates. However, in principle, collective intelligence may also emerge from interactions between individuals, rather than from the enhancement of personal estimates. Here, we reveal that this emergent problem solving is the predominant mechanism by which a mobile animal group responds to complex environmental gradients. Robust collective sensing arises at the group level from individuals modulating their speed in response to local, scalar, measurements of light and through social interaction with others. This distributed sensing requires only rudimentary cognition and thus could be widespread across biological taxa, in addition to being appropriate and cost-effective for robotic agents.
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Pransky, Joanne. "The Pransky interview: Gianmarco Veruggio, Director of Research, CNR-IEIIT, Genoa Branch; Robotics Pioneer and Inventor." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 44, no. 1 (January 16, 2017): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-10-2016-0271.
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Purpose The following paper is a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry engineer-turned successful innovator and leader, regarding the challenges of bringing technological discoveries to fruition. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The interviewee is Gianmarco Veruggio who is responsible for the Operational Unit of Genoa of the Italian National Research Council Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (CNR-IEIIT). Veruggio is an early pioneer of telerobotics in extreme environments. Veruggio founded the new applicative field of Roboethics. In this interview, Veruggio shares some of his 30-year robotic journey along with his thoughts and concerns on robotics and society. Findings Gianmarco Veruggio received a master’s degree in electronic engineering, computer science, control and automation from Genoa University in 1980. From 1980 to 1983 he worked in the Automation Division of Ansaldo as a Designer of fault-tolerant multiprocessor architectures for fail-safe control systems and was part of the development team for the new automation of the Italian Railway Stations. In 1984, he joined the CNR-Institute of Naval Automation (IAN) in Genoa as a Research Scientist. There, he worked on real-time computer graphics for simulation, control techniques and naval and marine data-collection systems. In 1989, he founded the CNR-IAN Robotics Department (Robotlab), which he headed until 2003, to develop missions on experimental robotics in extreme environments. His approach utilized working prototypes in a virtual lab environment and focused on robot mission control, real-time human-machine interfaces, networked control system architectures for tele-robotics and Internet Robotics. In 2000, he founded the association “Scuola di Robotica” (School of Robotics) to promote this new science among young people and society at large by means of educational robotics. He joined the CNR-IEIIT in 2007 to continue his research in robotics and to also develop studies on the philosophical, social and ethical implications of Robotics. Originality/value Veruggio led the first Italian underwater robotics campaigns in Antarctica during the Italian expeditions in 1993, 1997 and 2001, and in the Arctic during 2002. During the 2001-2002 Antarctic expedition, he carried out the E-Robot Project, the first experiment of internet robotics via satellite in the Antarctica. In 2002, he designed and developed the Project E-Robot2, the first experiment of worldwide internet robotics ever carried out in the Arctic. During these projects, he organized a series of “live-science” sessions in collaboration with students and teachers of Italian schools. Beginning with his new “School of Robotics”, Veruggio continued to disseminate and educate young people on the complex relationship between robotics and society. This led him to coin the term and propose the concept of Roboethics in 2002, and he has since made worldwide efforts at dedicating resources to the development of this new field. He was the General Chair of the “First International Symposium on Roboethics” in 2004 and of the “EURON Roboethics Atelier” in 2006 that produced the Roboethics Roadmap. Veruggio is the author of more than 150 scientific publications. In 2006, he was presented with the Ligurian Region Award for Innovation, and in 2009, for his merits in the field of science and society, he was awarded the title of Commander of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, one of Italy’s highest civilian honors.
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Bogue, Robert. "Robots in a contagious world." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 47, no. 5 (June 18, 2020): 673–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-05-2020-0101.
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Purpose This paper aims to show how robotic technology is being used to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach Following a short introduction, this discusses the role of robots in the following COVID-related applications: disinfection, checking human temperature, monitoring public places, delivering food and other items, food preparation and personal interactions by telepresence. It concludes with a brief discussion. Findings Robots are playing diverse and vital roles. They have helped to reduce the chances of spreading the infection by reducing inter-personal contact; freed-up medical professionals by conducting certain routine teaks; assisted and speeded-up the provision of food and medical supplies; monitored public places; informed the public of the need for social distancing; and allowed those in isolation to remain in contact with friends and family. Originality/value This provides a timely account of the use of robots in efforts to ameliorate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Chetouani, M. "Social signal processing and personal robotics for psychopathology: Signals, communicative acts and behaviours." Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence 60, no. 5 (July 2012): S4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurenf.2012.04.023.
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Tsomartova, Fatima V. "Robotization in healthcare: legal perspective." Health Care of the Russian Federation 64, no. 2 (April 20, 2020): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.46563/0044-197x-2020-64-2-88-96.
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Introduction. The development and application of medical robotics, medical robotic devices, automated technical systems in the field of health care are already quite successful and have great potential. Such large-scale technological changes inevitably actualize the social roles of law, that should properly settle, protect and guide the development of nascent social relations, which until recently occurred everywhere in a kind of regulatory vacuum. Material and methods. The methodological basis of the study included general scientific methods (dialectical, logical, systemic, historical, sociological, statistical) and private scientific methods of legal science (formal-legal, historical-legal and comparative-legal). The empirical basis of the study was Russian and foreign regulatory legal acts and law enforcement practice, as well as legal doctrine. Results. Based on the comparative legal study a legal definition of the medical robots and various options for their classification, among them a special one, including surgical robots, robots used in restorative medicine, rehabilitation of immobilized patients, nursing and care robots, have been developed. Cyborgs are biological organisms containing mechanical or electronic components are allocated to a special group. Legal mechanisms for ensuring security and cybersecurity in this area are highlighted. The necessity of more flexible legal regulation of personal data concerning the health of citizens and medical confidentiality under new technological conditions is justified. Discussion. Legal regulation of the medical robots should be of a staged nature. General norms of sectoral significance can be formulated at later stages. At the moment, it is more rational to direct efforts to determine the legal regime of certain types of created artificial intelligence systems in the healthcare sector. Conclusion. The legal concept of robotics in healthcare should take a significant place in a wide range of scientific studies of the development of new technologies for the benefit, not to the detriment, of a person.
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Katz, Stephen. "SMART LIFE, FITNESS, WELLNESS, AND THE PROMISE OF DIGITAL HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES FOR OLDER PEOPLE." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.084.
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Abstract Based on the author’s ethnographic observation and collection of product media kits, videos, and photographs from the Consumer Electronics Show 2019, this paper critiques the ways in which positive lifestyle concepts such as ‘smart life’, ‘fitness’ and ‘wellness’ are designed within products aimed at senior marketing to shape the older consumers as composites of health problems open to technological intervention. However helpful sensor clothing, home surveillance cameras, self-tracking appliances, robotic companions, or digital mobility devices may be, they are also opportunities to capitalize on shared personal data and subscription-based monitoring services. Discussion links these concepts to wider concerns about algorithimic standardization of health risks for older people, healthcare austerity programs, and social inequalities based on technical markers of successful aging and privileged life-course trajectories
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STENZEL, ANNA, ERIS CHINELLATO, ANGEL P. DEL POBIL, MARKUS LAPPE, and ROMAN LIEPELT. "HOW DEEPLY DO WE INCLUDE ROBOTIC AGENTS IN THE SELF?" International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 10, no. 01 (March 2013): 1350015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843613500151.
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In human–human interactions, a consciously perceived high degree of self–other overlap is associated with a higher degree of integration of the other person's actions into one's own cognitive representations. Here, we report data suggesting that this pattern does not hold for human–robot interactions. Participants performed a social Simon task with a robot, and afterwards indicated the degree of self–other overlap using the Inclusion of the Other in the Self (IOS) scale. We found no overall correlation between the social Simon effect (as an indirect measure of self–other overlap) and the IOS score (as a direct measure of self–other overlap). For female participants we even observed a negative correlation. Our findings suggest that conscious and unconscious evaluations of a robot may come to different results, and hence point to the importance of carefully choosing a measure for quantifying the quality of human–robot interactions.
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Aniskin, Vladimir Nikolaevich, Aleksandr A. Korostelev, Busygina Alla Lvovna, Anatoly V. Kurochkin, and Tatyana G. Sobakina. "Teaching potential of integrated learning technologies Smart, Stem and Steam." Revista de la Universidad del Zulia 11, no. 29 (February 8, 2020): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.29.21.
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At the current stage of digitization of the Russian economy, educational institutions urgently need new, more advanced and effective training technologies that help improve the quality of training of highly competent and competitive specialists who comply with the social order of society digital. These technologies should promote the introduction of robotic and cyber-physical systems in the training of future specialists. The article shows that SMART, STEM and STEAM integrated learning technologies that encompass the theoretical and practical components of educational programs with the help of special technological equipment: robotic complexes, virtual learning tools and cyber systems, can be used as technologies in the digital education. It is proven that the practical application of mathematical, physical, engineering and technological knowledge, modeling and design of robotic cybernetic devices and others, allow us to more effectively solve the tasks of the competition-oriented educational paradigm, create additional conditions for the development and realization of the personal potential of the students. The integrative didactic potential of SMART, STEM and STEAM technologies is determined, ensuring the achievement of the synergistic effect in the educational process and increasing the productivity of education subjects through the combination of the individual means of the technologies studied in a single system. The advantages of digital education are analyzed, which are optimized using the integrative teaching potential of SMART, STEM and STEAM technologies. Based on the characteristics of the integrative didactic potential of SMART, STEM and STEAM technologies, it is concluded that they are promising in the era of the digitization of Russian education and viable to use them in order to maintain the effectiveness of the educational process.
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Swanson, E. Burton. "Available to meet: advances in professional communications." Information Technology & People 33, no. 6 (July 20, 2020): 1543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-06-2019-0311.
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PurposeThis viewpoint paper calls in to question the current design approach to personal artificial intelligence (AI) assistance in support of everyday professional communications, where a bot emulates a human in this role. It aims to stimulate fresh thought among designers and users of this technology. It also calls upon scholars to more widely share incidental insights that arise in their own encounters with such new AI.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs a case of an email exchange gone wrong to demonstrate the current failings of personal AI assistance in support of professional communications and to yield broader insights into bot design and use. The viewpoint is intended to provoke discussion.FindingsFrom the case, it is indicated that industrial-strength personal AI assistance is not here yet. Designing a personal AI assistant to emulate a human is found to be deeply problematic, in particular. The case illuminates what might be called the problem of blinded agency, in performative contexts where human, robotic and organizational identities are at least partially masked and actions, inactions and intentions can too easily disappear in a thick fog of digital exchange. The problem arises where parties must act in contexts not known to each other, and where who is responsible for what in a mundane exchange is obscured (intentionally or not) by design or by actions (or inactions) of the parties. An insight is that while humans act with a sense of agency to affect outcomes that naturally invoke a corresponding sense of responsibility for what transpires, bots in social interaction simply act and feign responsibility as they have no sense of it beyond their code and data. A personal AI assistant is probably best designed to communicate its artificiality clearly. Missing today are distinctive social conventions for identifying machine agency in everyday interactions as well as an accepted etiquette for AI deployment in these settings.Originality/valueAs a viewpoint contribution, the paper's value is as a stimulant to discussion of alternate approaches to design and use of personal AI assistance in professional communications and where we should be going with this. The presented case of an email exchange gone wrong is simple on the face of it but reveals in its examination a number of complexities and broader insights.
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Čaić, Martina, Dominik Mahr, and Gaby Oderkerken-Schröder. "Value of social robots in services: social cognition perspective." Journal of Services Marketing 33, no. 4 (August 12, 2019): 463–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-02-2018-0080.
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Purpose The technological revolution in the service sector is radically changing the ways in which and with whom consumers co-create value. This conceptual paper considers social robots in elderly care services and outlines ways in which their human-like affect and cognition influence users’ social perceptions and anticipations of robots’ value co-creation or co-destruction potential. A future research agenda offers relevant, conceptually robust directions for stimulating the advancement of knowledge and understanding in this nascent field. Design/methodology/approach Drawing from service, robotics and social cognition research, this paper develops a conceptual understanding of the value co-creation/destruction potential of social robots in services. Findings Three theoretical propositions construct an iterative framework of users’ evaluations of social robots in services. First, social robots offer users value propositions leveraging affective and cognitive resources. Second, users’ personal values become salient through interactions with social robots’ affective and cognitive resources. Third, users evaluate social robots’ value co-creation/destruction potential according to social cognition dimensions. Originality/value Social robots in services are an emerging topic in service research and hold promising implications for organizations and users. This relevant, conceptually robust framework advances scholarly understanding of their opportunities and pitfalls for realizing value. This study also identifies guidelines for service managers for designing and introducing social robots into complex service environments.
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Pransky, Joanne. "The Pransky interview: Dr Maja Matarić, Professor, University of Southern California; Pioneer, field of socially assistive robotics; co-founder of Embodied." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 46, no. 3 (May 20, 2019): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-04-2019-0069.
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Purpose The following paper is a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry PhD and innovator regarding her pioneering efforts and the challenges of bringing a technological invention to market. This paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The interviewee is Dr Maja Matarić, Chan Soon-Shiong Distinguished Professor in the Computer Science Department, Neuroscience Program, and the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Southern California, founding director of the USC Robotics and Autonomous Systems Center (RASC), co-director of the USC Robotics Research Lab and Vice Dean for Research in the USC Viterbi School of Engineering. In this interview, Matarić shares her personal and business perspectives on socially assistive robotics. Findings Matarić received her PhD in Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence from MIT in 1994, MS in Computer Science from MIT in 1990 and BS in Computer Science from the University of Kansas in 1987. Inspired by the vast potential for affordable human-centered technologies, she went on to found and direct the Interaction Lab, initially at Brandeis University and then at the University of Southern California. Her lab works on developing human–robot non-physical interaction algorithms for supporting desirable behavior change; she has worked with a variety of beneficiary user populations, including children with autism, elderly with Alzheimer’s, stroke survivors and teens at risk for Type 2 diabetes, among others. Originality/value Matarić is a pioneer of the field of socially assistive robotics (SAR) with the goal of improving user health and wellness, communication, learning and autonomy. SAR uses interdisciplinary methods from computer science and engineering as well as cognitive science, social science and human studies evaluation, to endow robots with the ability to assist in mitigating critical societal problems that require sustained personalized support to supplement the efforts of parents, caregivers, clinicians and educators. Matarić is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Fellow of the IEEE and AAAI, recipient of the Presidential Awards for Excellence in Science, Mathematics & Engineering Mentoring (PAESMEM), the Anita Borg Institute Women of Vision Award for Innovation, Okawa Foundation Award, NSF Career Award, the MIT TR35 Innovation Award, the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Early Career Award and has received many other awards and honors. She was featured in the science documentary movie “Me & Isaac Newton”, in The New Yorker (“Robots that Care” by Jerome Groopman, 2009), Popular Science (“The New Face of Autism Therapy”, 2010), the IEEE Spectrum (“Caregiver Robots”, 2010), and is one of the LA Times Magazine 2010 Visionaries. Matarić is the author of a popular introductory robotics textbook, “The Robotics Primer” (MIT Press 2007), an associate editor of three major journals and has published extensively.
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Pransky, Joanne. "The Pransky interview: Dr Cory Kidd, Founder and CEO at Catalia Health." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 44, no. 3 (May 15, 2017): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-03-2017-0049.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry PhD-turned-entrepreneur regarding the evolution, commercialization and challenges of bringing a technological invention to market. Design/methodology/approach The interviewee is Dr Cory Kidd, an inventor, entrepreneur and leading practitioner in the field of human–robot interaction. Dr Kidd shares his 20-year journey of working at the intersection of healthcare and technology and how he applied innovative technologies toward solving large-scale consumer healthcare challenges. Findings Dr Kidd received his BS degree in Computer Science from the Georgia Institute of Technology and earned a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow in Computer and Information Science & Engineering. Dr Kidd received his MS and PhD degrees at the MIT Media Lab in human–robot interaction. While there, he conducted studies that showed the psychological and clinical advantages of using a physical robot over screen-based interactions. While finishing his PhD in 2007, he founded his first company, Intuitive Automata, which created interactive coaches for weight loss. Though Intuitive Automata ceased operations in 2013, Dr Kidd harnessed his extensive knowledge of the healthcare business and the experiences from patient engagement and launched Catalia Health in 2014 with a new platform centered specifically around patient behavior change programs for chronic disease management. Originality/value Dr Kidd is a pioneer of social robotics and has developed groundbreaking technology for healthcare applications that combines artificial intelligence, psychology and medical best practices to deliver everyday care to patients who are managing chronic conditions. He holds patents, including one entitled Apparatus and Method for Assisting in Achieving Desired Behavior Patterns and in an Interactive Personal Health Promoting Robot. Dr Kidd was awarded the inaugural Wall Street Journal and Credit Suisse Technopreneur of the Year in 2010, which is meant to “honor the entry that best applies technology with the greatest potential for commercial success”. He is also the Director of Business Development for the nonprofit Silicon Valley Robotics and is an impact partner for Fresco Capital. He consults, mentors and serves as a Board Member and Advisor to several high-tech startups.
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Pransky, Joanne. "The Pransky interview: Dr Ken Goldberg, Professor, Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, UC Berkeley; Inventor and Artist." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 46, no. 2 (March 18, 2019): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-02-2019-0026.
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Purpose The following article is a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business, and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry PhD and inventor regarding his pioneering efforts and the commercialization of bringing a technological invention to market. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The interviewee is Dr Ken Goldberg, an inventor working at the intersection of art, robotics, and social media. He joined the UC Berkeley faculty in 1995 where he is the UC Berkeley William S. Floyd Jr Distinguished Chair in Engineering and recently served as Chair of the Industrial Engineering and Operations Research Department. He has secondary appointments in UC Berkeley’s Electrical Engineering/Computer Science, Art Practice and the School of Information. Goldberg also holds an appointment at the UC San Francisco Medical School’s Department of Radiation Oncology where he pursues research in medical robotics. Goldberg is Director of the CITRIS “People and Robots” Initiative and the UC Berkeley’s Laboratory for Automation Science and Engineering (AUTOLAB) where he and his students research machine learning for robotics and automation in warehouses, homes, and operating rooms. In this interview, Goldberg shares some of his personal and business perspectives from his career-long pursuit of making robots less clumsy. Findings Goldberg earned dual BS degrees in Electrical Engineering and Economics from the University of Pennsylvania in 1984, and MS and PhD degrees in Computer Science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1990. Goldberg also studied at Edinburgh University and the Technion. From 1991-95 he taught at the University of Southern California, and in fall 2000, he was visiting faculty at the MIT Media Lab. Goldberg and his students pursue research in three primary areas: Geometric Algorithms for Automation, Cloud Robotics, and Robot Learning. Originality/value Goldberg developed the first complete algorithms for part feeding and part fixturing, and developed the first robot on the Internet. His inventions have been awarded nine US Patents. Goldberg has published over 250 peer-reviewed technical papers and edited four books. He co-founded and served as Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering (T-ASE). He is also Co-Founder of the Berkeley AI Research (BAIR) Lab, the Berkeley Center for New Media (BCNM), the African Robotics Network (AFRON), the Center for Automation and Learning for Medical Robotics (CAL-MR), the CITRIS Data and Democracy Initiative (DDI), Hybrid Wisdom Labs, and Moxie Institute. He has presented over four hundred keynote and invited lectures. Goldberg's artwork, closely linked with his research, has appeared in over seventy venues. Ken was awarded the Presidential Faculty Fellowship in 1995 by Bill Clinton, the Joseph Engelberger Robotics Award in 2000, elected IEEE Fellow in 2005, and selected by the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society for the George Saridis Leadership Award in 2016.
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Majidi, Carmel. "Artificial Skin." Mechanical Engineering 138, no. 03 (March 1, 2016): S17—S21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2016-mar-9.
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This article presents a brief overview of advent and future of the concept of artificial skin. Sensorized electronic skins are an essential element in wearable computing and co-robotic systems that engage in physical interaction with humans. Wearable computing is a rapidly growing sub-domain in the electronics industry and has the potential to transform how we work, play, get information, and interact with others. Due to its close connection to personal electronics and fashion, artificial skin technologies represent a good opportunity for science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) outreach at the middle- and high-school levels. Wearable technology is a promising path to STEM education, since it is relevant to the daily experiences of teens and pre-teens, regardless of their social, cultural, and economic background. Middle-school students are an especially appropriate target, since they have adequate intellectual preparation for hardware prototyping but are still at the earliest stages of developing their academic interests.
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Yamafuji, Kazuo. "Celebrating JRM Volume 20 and Three Epoch-making Robots from Japan." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 20, no. 1 (February 20, 2008): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2008.p0003.
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The Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics is celebrating its 20th volume since its launch in 1989. As the JRM’s founding Editor-in-Chief, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all of those persons and organizations that have helped make the JRM so successful. This is also a time for celebrating the development of three epoch-making robots in Japan between 1978 and 1997. Scara Robot: The Scara robot was developed in 1978 by Professor Hiroshi Makino of Yamanashi University and four Japanese companies – Fujitsu, Telmec, Ultrasonic Ind. Co., and Sankyo. As John Hartley wrote in ""The Industrial Robot"" (March 1982, UK), ""More startling, perhaps, was the announcement that IBM was to sell Sankyo Skilam robot in the USA as the IBM 7535. Most of Japanese robots were based on overseas designs. The exception, of course, is the Scara robot.” The Scara was honored as the first Japanese robot dedicated at the Robotic Pavillion at Carnegie Mellon University in 2006. Parallel Bicycle Robot: The parallel bicycle (PB) robot developed in 1986 by Professor Kazuo Yamafuji of the University of Electro-Communications was driven by a parallel bicycle consistting of a pair of parallel wheels and an inverted pendulum body supported on the wheel axis. The PB robot has been applied both to locomotion for mobile robots and to personal vehicles. It was first successfully commercialized as the Segway Personal Transporter developed by Dean Kamen in 2001 in the US. Applications to a humanoid drive were realized by Toyota in 2004 and by Hitachi in 2007. Biped Walking Robot: Honda introduced its epoch-making humanoid P2 with biped and double hand in 1997. Driven by an on-board battery, the biped robot walked smoothly for over 30 minutes at 4 km/h similar to a human being. Honda P2 movie surprised and delighted people worldwide, and its release of ASIMO in 2002 was an advanced type of P2. ASIMO has became the de facto standard of the biped humanoid and is expected to have many applications in social and industrial environments.
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Suslov, Alexey Viktorovich. "Digital society in ethical-axiological context: from postmodern to hi-tech society." Философия и культура, no. 10 (October 2020): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0757.2020.10.33079.
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The object of this research is the modern digital society as a new civilizational level in development of humanity. The subject of this research is the evolution of ethical values and principles in the context of transition from postindustrial stage to information society, as well as ethical aspect of implementation of digital technologies and artificial intelligence systems into the realm of social management. The article familiarizes the audience with the Chinese system of social score – the largest social experiment on the basis of digital technologies, as well as with the trends and prospects of digitalization process in modern Russia. Having analyzed the national and foreign experience, the author demonstrates the risks of hurried implementation of digital solutions based on artificial intelligence without extensive ethical examination, point out the contradiction between scientific-technological and economic freedom, and the need for limiting these freedoms for the sake of human welfare. The conclusion is made that despite all advantages, digital technologies bear the risks of unethical usage of personal data and violation of privacy. Turning data into the product as a means for gaining profit, difficulties of legal regulation and control thereof, makes a human extremely vulnerable in the new digital world. Therefore, in the process of collection and processing of data, as well as in creation of robotic systems based on artificial intelligence, it is essential to adequately assess the risks and formulate ethical restrictions, which should be taken into account in their design and exploitation.
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Froese, Tom, and Shaun Gallagher. "Getting interaction theory (IT) together." Interaction Studies 13, no. 3 (December 19, 2012): 436–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.13.3.06fro.
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We argue that progress in our scientific understanding of the ‘social mind’ is hampered by a number of unfounded assumptions. We single out the widely shared assumption that social behavior depends solely on the capacities of an individual agent. In contrast, both developmental and phenomenological studies suggest that the personal-level capacity for detached ‘social cognition’ (conceived as a process of theorizing about and/or simulating another mind) is a secondary achievement that is dependent on more immediate processes of embodied social interaction. We draw on the enactive approach to cognitive science to further clarify this strong notion of ‘social interaction’ in theoretical terms. In addition, we indicate how this interaction theory (IT) could eventually be formalized with the help of a dynamical systems perspective on the interaction process, especially by making use of evolutionary robotics modeling. We conclude that bringing together the methods and insights of developmental, phenomenological, enactive and dynamical approaches to social interaction can provide a promising framework for future research. Keywords: theory of mind; cognitive science; phenomenology; embodied cognition; dynamical systems theory; enactive approach; social cognition; interaction theory; evolutionary robotics
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Breazeal, Cynthia. "Role of expressive behaviour for robots that learn from people." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1535 (December 12, 2009): 3527–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0157.
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Robotics has traditionally focused on developing intelligent machines that can manipulate and interact with objects. The promise of personal robots, however, challenges researchers to develop socially intelligent robots that can collaborate with people to do things. In the future, robots are envisioned to assist people with a wide range of activities such as domestic chores, helping elders to live independently longer, serving a therapeutic role to help children with autism, assisting people undergoing physical rehabilitation and much more. Many of these activities shall require robots to learn new tasks, skills and individual preferences while ‘on the job’ from people with little expertise in the underlying technology. This paper identifies four key challenges in developing social robots that can learn from natural interpersonal interaction. The author highlights the important role that expressive behaviour plays in this process, drawing on examples from the past 8 years of her research group, the Personal Robots Group at the MIT Media Lab.
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Jain, Manish, Albert Xin Jiang, Takashi Kiddo, Keiki Takadama, Eric G. Mercer, Neha Rungta, Mark Waser, et al. "Reports of the 2014 AAAI Spring Symposium Series." AI Magazine 35, no. 3 (September 19, 2014): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v35i3.2550.
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The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence was pleased to present the AAAI 2014 Spring Symposium Series, held Monday through Wednesday, March 24–26, 2014. The titles of the eight symposia were Applied Computational Game Theory, Big Data Becomes Personal: Knowledge into Meaning, Formal Verification and Modeling in Human-Machine Systems, Implementing Selves with Safe Motivational Systems and Self-Improvement, The Intersection of Robust Intelligence and Trust in Autonomous Systems, Knowledge Representation and Reasoning in Robotics, Qualitative Representations for Robots, and Social Hacking and Cognitive Security on the Internet and New Media). This report contains summaries of the symposia, written, in most cases, by the cochairs of the symposium.
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Pransky, Joanne. "Geoff Howe, senior vice president, Howe and Howe, Inc., a subsidiary of Textron Systems; co-pioneer of robotic firefighting technologies, including Thermite™ firefighting robots." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 48, no. 2 (June 19, 2021): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-12-2020-0266.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, industry engineer-turned entrepreneur regarding his pioneering efforts in bringing a robotic invention to market. This paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The interviewee is Geoff Howe, Senior Vice President of Howe & Howe, Inc., a subsidiary of Textron Systems and a leader in advanced robotic platform solutions and applications built and proven for the most extreme conditions in the world. Geoff and Michael Howe founded Howe & Howe Technologies in 2001 and was acquired by Textron Systems in 2018. In 2010, Howe and Howe developed one of the world’s first robotic fire-fighting solutions. Geoff Howe describes the evolution of the Thermite robotic firefighter’s commercial development, along with the challenges of breaking ground in this new industry. Findings Geoff and his identical twin brother, Michael Howe, are inventors, military contractors, actors and entrepreneurial businessmen famous for their philanthropic drive to give back to their community. When Geoff and Mike were just six years old, they were known as “Howe and Howe Construction.” At the age of eight, Mike and Geoff built their own one room log cabin with the power tools their mom had given them for their birthday. At 16 years old, they started tinkering with vehicles before they even had their drivers’ licenses. They both graduated from Maine high school and colleges with honors. The company’s portfolio includes the RIPSAW® , Thermite, the Badger, Subterranean Rover and other extreme vehicles used for numerous applications. In 2010, Howe and Howe completed three new vehicles. First was the Thermite™ which entered the unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) market as the USA’s first firefighting UGV. The second vehicle was Ripchair™, the development of an off-road wheelchair for those that have become disabled and are unable to walk. The third vehicle was Riptide, the amphibious version of the RIPSAW. Year 2015 saw the commercial development of the Big Dog Extreme 4x4 fire truck and the Thermite RS1 and RS3 firefighting robots. The Big Dog is an off-road truck and also serves as an all-terrain multi-use firetruck. The Thermite provides firefighters and first responders immediate eyes inside the fire as well the ability to safely attack industrial, chemical and HAZMAT fires from their core. The Thermite robot provides safety and inside access on containing and defeating fires of any magnitude. Originality/value Howe & Howe Technologies first gained notoriety in 2001, with the development of the world’s fastest tank, the RIPSAW. Successful demonstrations soon followed, which eventually allowed the Howes, at the age of 31, to be named among the youngest in history to ever receive a multi-million dollar military contract from the USA. Soon after, in 2010, Howe & Howe received a Guinness World Record for developing the world’s smallest armored vehicle, the Badger. By the time the Howes were 36, they had one world record, multiple patents pending for their product developments, as well as military contracts. The Howes also had their own reality television show on a major US network. In 2010, they completed the Thermite, Fire Fighting Unmanned Ground Vehicle. In 2012, the Howes founded “Outdoors Again,” a nonprofit 501c3 organization that holds outdoor events and social activities for those who require the use of a wheelchair.
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Kayerova, Elena V., Natalya S. Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina A. Kozina, and Olga V. Shakirova. "Restoration of Upper Limb Motor Function After Stroke." Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine 20, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2021-20-1-21-26.
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Since the task of eliminating the consequences of a stroke remains unsolved, research on the use of robotic simulators equipped with feedback to restore upper limb motor functions is of particular relevance. Aim of the study was to conduct an experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of the Anika sensory glove with biological feedback for the restoration of upper extremity motor function in the early period of ischemic stroke. Materials and methods. We analyzed 108 medical histories and selected 28 patients with a single history of stroke and moderate cognitive disorders, which were divided into 2 groups - control and experimental with 14 individuals each. Patients of the control group engaged in therapeutic physical culture according to the traditional methodology adopted in neurological practice and aimed at restoring muscle strength, passive and active movements of the upper extremity. Trainings using the sensory glove Anika with biological feedback were included in the therapeutic physical culture training program for the experimental group. Results. The inclusion of special exercises on the Anika simulator with biological feedback in a comprehensive physical rehabilitation program increases the effectiveness of the recovery process, contributing to improving articular mobility, reducing spasticity, increasing muscle strength of the hand, reducing the level of personal and situational anxiety, normalizing psychoemotional state and increasing the functional mobility of stroke patients. Conclusion. The use of the sensory glove Anika with biological feedback in the early recovery period contributed to the expansion of the motor activity of patients, the development of self-care skills, psychological and social adaptation.
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Fekete, Alexander, and Jakob Rhyner. "Sustainable Digital Transformation of Disaster Risk—Integrating New Types of Digital Social Vulnerability and Interdependencies with Critical Infrastructure." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 10, 2020): 9324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229324.
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This article explores the relationship between digital transformation and disaster risk. Vulnerability studies aim at differentiating impacts and losses by using fine-grained information from demographic, social, and personal characteristics of humans. With ongoing digital development, these characteristics will transform and result in new traits, which need to be identified and integrated. Digital transformations will produce new social groups, partly human, semi-human, or non-human—some of which already exist, and some which can be foreseen by extrapolating from recent developments in the field of brain wearables, robotics, and software engineering. Though involved in the process of digital transformation, many researchers and practitioners in the field of Disaster Risk Reduction or Climate Change Adaptation are not yet aware of the repercussions for disaster and vulnerability assessments. Emerging vulnerabilities are due to a growing dependency on digital services and tools in the case of a severe emergency or crisis. This article depicts the different implications for future theoretical frameworks when identifying novel semi-human groups and their vulnerabilities to disaster risks. Findings include assumed changes within common indicators of social vulnerability, new indicators, a typology of humans, and human interrelations with digital extensions and two different perspectives on these groups and their dependencies with critical infrastructure.
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Monteiro, Ana Francisca, Maribel Miranda-Pinto, and António José Osório. "Coding as Literacy in Preschool: A Case Study." Education Sciences 11, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11050198.
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Coding is increasingly recognized as a new literacy that should be encouraged at a young age. This understanding has recontextualized computer science as a compulsory school subject and has informed several developmentally appropriate approaches to computation, including for preschool children. This study focuses on the introduction of three approaches to computation in preschool (3–6 years), specifically computational thinking, programming, and robotics, from a cross-curricular perspective. This paper presents preliminary findings from one of the case studies currently being developed as part of project KML II—Laboratory of Technologies and Learning of Programming and Robotics for Preschool and Elementary School. The purpose of the KML II project is to characterize how approaches to computation can be integrated into preschool and elementary education, across different knowledge domains. The conclusions point to “expression and communication” as an initial framework for computational approaches in preschool, but also to multidisciplinary and more creative methodological activities that offer greater scope for the development of digital and computational competences, as well as for personal and social development.
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Ngo, Ha Quang Thinh, Van Nghia Le, Vu Dao Nguyen Thien, Thanh Phuong Nguyen, and Hung Nguyen. "Develop the socially human-aware navigation system using dynamic window approach and optimize cost function for autonomous medical robot." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 12 (December 2020): 168781402097943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020979430.
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In previous works, the perceived safety and comfort are currently not the principal objectives of all industries, especially robotics system. It might lead not to take psychological safety into consideration of adjusting robot behavior, hence, the human-robot interaction lacks of ease and naturalness. In this paper, a novel framework of human’s zones to ensure safety for social interactions in human-machine system is proposed. In the context of service robot in hospital, machine should not produce any actions that may induce worry, surprise or bother. To maintain the comfortable interaction, an algorithm to update human’s state into personal space is developed. Then, a motion model of robot is demonstrated with assumption of the reference path under segmentation. Dynamic Window Approach is employed for motion planning while Optimize Cost function searches the shortest path in a graph. To validate our approach, three test cases (without human-aware framework, with basic model of human’s zone and with extended personal space) are carried out in the same context. Moreover, three interactive indicators, for instance collision index (CI), interaction index (CII) and relative velocity of robot (Vr), are analyzed in different situations. Lack of human-aware framework, robot might break all thresholds and meet the potential collisions. While robot with basic model of human’s zone in its perception maintains the physically safe thresholds but not socially, it respects whole criterions in both physical constraints and social relations. As a result, our findings are useful for robot’s navigation in presence of human while the socially comfortable interaction is guaranteed.
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Abeles, Tom P. "Send in the robots." On the Horizon 24, no. 2 (May 9, 2016): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oth-07-2015-0031.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore how the introduction of robots and artificial intelligence raises questions regarding the role of “work” not just in meeting societal material needs but challenges the idea of work as an underlying paradigm of human society, particularly as personal identity. Design/methodology/approach This paper takes the form of an editorial opinion piece. Findings “Work” is a defining characteristic of an individual. The entrance of robots and artificial intelligence could be a greater challenge to an individual’s sense of well-being and identity than only for filling traditional functions and basic needs of society. Social Implications The question is raised as to the psychological and social implications of the “immigration” of a new “culture” in the form of artificial intelligence and robotics beyond a local or regional basis. Originality/value The increasing presence of robots and artificial intelligence not only offers alternative ways for society to function but also sharpens the challenges that one culture faces when confronted by other communities who are able to fill traditional positions beyond the traditional one of “work”.
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Han, Jeonghye, and Daniela Conti. "The Use of UTAUT and Post Acceptance Models to Investigate the Attitude towards a Telepresence Robot in an Educational Setting." Robotics 9, no. 2 (May 13, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics9020034.
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(1) Background: in the last decade, various investigations into the field of robotics have created several opportunities for further innovation to be possible in student education. However, despite scientific evidence, there is still strong scepticism surrounding the use of robots in some social fields, such as personal care and education. (2) Methods: in this research, we present a new tool named the HANCON model, which was developed merging and extending the constructs of two solid and proven models—the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model used to examine the factors that may influence the decision to use a telepresence robot as an instrument in educational practice, and the Post Acceptance Model used to evaluate acceptability after the actual use of a telepresence robot. The new tool is implemented and used to study the acceptance of a double telepresence robot by 112 pre-service teachers in an educational setting. (3) Results: the analysis of the experimental results predicts and demonstrate a positive attitude towards the use of telepresence robot in a school setting and confirm the applicability of the model in an educational context. (4) Conclusions: the constructs of the HANCON model could predict and explain the acceptance of social telepresence robots in social contexts.
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Mukherjee, Soumya, James Meacock, and Paul Chumas. "Is surgery more about doing than thinking?" British Journal of Hospital Medicine 80, no. 10 (October 2, 2019): 605–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2019.80.10.605.
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Detailed thought, knowledge, complex analysis, reasoned judgment and professionalism all fundamentally underpin a surgeon's work and training, yet there is a popularly held view that accomplished surgeons are primarily concerned with performing procedures. A review of pedagogical, social and medical literature, together with personal reflections from the authors, shows that a surgeon's work is multi-faceted. This article discusses the technical skills of operating as a reflection of the ‘tip of the iceberg’ of a surgeon's cognition, the increasingly multidisciplinary strategic approach of surgeons today, the importance of surgical decision making, the influence of robotics, the role of non-medically trained staff, surgeons' role in postoperative care, adaptive expertise and the formation of professional identity. In so doing, a much wider view of a surgeon than simply ‘doing’ or ‘thinking’ is presented with implications for surgical training.
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Samani, Hooman. "The evaluation of affection in human-robot interaction." Kybernetes 45, no. 8 (September 5, 2016): 1257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-09-2015-0232.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel method for evaluation of human-robot affection. The model is inspired by the scientific methods of human-human love evaluation. This paper would benefit the researchers in the field of developing new technologies where emotional interaction is involved. Design/methodology/approach Among the two available options of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and user study, the latter is adopted and the conventional method of Love Attitude Scale is transformed for human-robot interaction as Lovotics (love + robotics) Love Attitude Scale. A user study is conducted to evaluate the emotional effect of interaction with the robot. Findings The proposed method is employed in order to evaluate the performance of Lovotics robot. In total, 20 users experienced interaction with Lovotics robot and answered questionnaires which were designed based on the psychology of love, especially to measure love scales between the participants and the robot. Data from the user study are analyzed statistically to evaluate the overall performance of the designed robot. Research limitations/implications Various aspects including human to robot love styles, robot to human love styles, overall love values and gender study are investigated during the data analysis. The concept of human-robot affection is still in initial stage of development. Personal and social robots are increasing and much limitation from artificial intelligence, mechanical development and integration still exist. Practical implications This is a multidisciplinary research field utilizing fundamentals concepts from robotics, artificial intelligence, philosophy, psychology, biology, anthropology, neuroscience, social science, computer science and engineering. Social implications Considering the recent technical advancement in robotics which is brining robots closer to home, this paper aims to bridge the gap between human and robot affection measurement. The final goal is to introduce robots to the society which are useful and can be especially used to take care of those in need such as elderly. Originality/value This paper is one of the first kind to get inspired from scientific human love evaluation methods and apply that to human-robot application.
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Nakauchi, Yasushi. "Special Issue on Human Robot Interaction." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 14, no. 5 (October 20, 2002): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2002.p0431.
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Recent advances in robotics are disseminating robots into the social living environment as humanoids, pets, and caregivers. Novel human-robot interaction techniques and interfaces must be developed, however, to ensure that such robots interact as expected in daily life and work. Unlike conventional personal computers, such robots may assume a variety of configurations, such as industrial, wheel-based, ambulatory, remotely operated, autonomous, and wearable. They may also implement different communications modalities, including voice, video, haptics, and gestures. All of these aspects require that research on human-robot interaction become interdisciplinary, combining research from such fields as robotics, ergonomics, computer science and, psychology. In the field of computer science, new directions in human-computer interaction are emerging as post graphical user interfaces (GUIs). These include wearable, ubiquitous, and real-world computing. Such advances are thereby bridging the gap between robotics and computer science. The open-ended problems that potentially face include the following: What is the most desirable type of interaction between human beings and robots? What sort of technology will enable these interactions? How will human beings accept robots in their daily life and work? We are certain that readers of this special issue will be able to find many of the answers and become open to future directions concerning these problems. Any information that readers find herein will be a great pleasure to its editors.
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Kodagoda, Sarath, Stephan Sehestedt, and Gamini Dissanayake. "Socially aware path planning for mobile robots." Robotica 34, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 513–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574714001611.
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SUMMARYHuman–robot interaction is an emerging area of research where a robot may need to be working in human-populated environments. Human trajectories are generally not random and can belong to gross patterns. Knowledge about these patterns can be learned through observation. In this paper, we address the problem of a robot's social awareness by learning human motion patterns and integrating them in path planning. The gross motion patterns are learned using a novel Sampled Hidden Markov Model, which allows the integration of partial observations in dynamic model building. This model is used in the modified A* path planning algorithm to achieve socially aware trajectories. Novelty of the proposed method is that it can be used on a mobile robot for simultaneous online learning and path planning. The experiments carried out in an office environment show that the paths can be planned seamlessly, avoiding personal spaces of occupants.
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Yereshko, Julia, and Iryna Kreidych. "Intellectual theory of value: substantiation and formulation." Technology audit and production reserves 2, no. 4(58) (April 30, 2021): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.230777.
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The object of research is the role of the intellectual capital and knowledge in modern economics and value creation process. Therefore, taking into account the intellectual component of value due to the transformation of the society’s productive forces structure in the transition to a post-industrial economic system, there was proven the necessity of rethinking the existing theories of value. Based on the classic politeconomists, neoclassics and institutionalists groundwork analysis, there was defined the economic essence of the intellectual capital. This essence consisted in the people’s capacity, using the personal factor of production, rather part of it – the knowledge and intellect, to produce objectified factors. Also, there was justified the place of an intellectual capital in a system of productive forces – its feature of simultaneous affiliation to an immaterial (as a form of individual development), as far as to a material (applied knowledge) spheres. Due to active modern automation and robotics in manufacturing, labour as a factor of production is gradually replaced by knowledge: personal and ones materialized in the means of production. Thus, there are grounds for the assumption that namely knowledge, not labour, that is present in all spheres of social production, but rather, more accurately, the productive part of knowledge – an intellectual capital is the source of the value of goods in a post-industrial (neoindustrial) economic system. Modern economy has inherent significant share the intellectual component that participates in generating the innovative goods as the new value. Therefore, based on the above stated, the «intellectual theory of value» was formulated, which defines directions for the intellectual economics paradigm development in future.
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Bewley, Harvey, and Laurens Boer. "Social robotic donuts." Interactions 26, no. 3 (April 23, 2019): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3320503.
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Bischoff, R., and V. Graefe. "HERMES - a versatile personal robotic assistant." Proceedings of the IEEE 92, no. 11 (November 2004): 1759–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2004.835381.
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Chlebowicz, Marlena. "WeDo Lego Robotics as a tool for developing children’s 21st century competences." Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze 582, no. 7 (September 30, 2019): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5395.
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The article presents the potential of Lego WeDo robotics classes for developing children’s 21st century competences. There is a postulate to shape children’s competences in times of dynamic changes. The key competences and their classifi cation are described in the introduction. There is also a description of competences in the fi eld of entrepreneurship, personal, social and learning skills competences as well as digital competences relevant in the context of the studied activities. Lego WeDo 1.0 robotics and programming classes are an opportunity to develop partecipant’s 21st century competences – evaluation of the effectiveness of using sets of bricks has become the purpose of the author’s own research. Research questions related to how creative competences, meta-learning competences and team collaboration competences developed. The research was carried out using the method of pedagogical experiment, technique of one group. The author prepared a schedule including creative exercises. Participant observation was carried out, children’s products were collected and J. P. Guilford’s test was used twice. After analyzing the results, it turned out that children achieved skills in building robots, part of the group was able to create their own instruction designs. Pupils collaborated in pairs, were more eager to construct than to program robots. The children expressed their competences of metalearning while making drawings, were able to make associations by comparing themselves to the machine, and also insight into their own minds. Some participants were aware of the complexity of the learning process. During the semester of classes, the skill of creative thinking developed, with the best results were obtained in the development of fl exibility of thinking. Participation of children in robotics and programming classes infl uenced the development of their competences – Lego WeDo bricks were an effective tool for developing the 21st century competences of participants.
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Van Aerschot, Lina, and Jaana Parviainen. "Robots responding to care needs? A multitasking care robot pursued for 25 years, available products offer simple entertainment and instrumental assistance." Ethics and Information Technology 22, no. 3 (May 20, 2020): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10676-020-09536-0.
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Abstract Twenty-five years ago, robotics guru Joseph Engelberger had a mission to motivate research teams all over the world to design the ‘Elderly Care Giver’, a multitasking personal robot assistant for everyday care needs in old age. In this article, we discuss how this vision of omnipotent care robots has influenced the design strategies of care robotics, the development of R&D initiatives and ethics research on use of care robots. Despite the expectations of robots revolutionizing care of older people, the role of robots in human care has remained marginal. The value of world trade in service robots, including care robots, is rather small. We argue that the implementation of robots in care is not primarily due to negative user attitudes or ethical problems, but to problems in R&D and manufacturing. The care robots currently available on the market are capable of simple, repetitive tasks or colloquial interaction. Thus far, also research on care robots is mostly conducted using imaginary scenarios or small-scale tests built up for research purposes. To develop useful and affordable robot solutions that are ethically, socially and ecologically sustainable, we suggest that robot initiatives should be evaluated within the framework of care ecosystems. This implies that attention has to be paid to the social, emotional and practical contexts in which care is given and received. Also, the political, economic and ecological realities of organizing care and producing technological commodities have to be acknowledged. It is time to openly discuss the drivers behind care robot initiatives to outline the bigger picture of organizing care under conditions of limited resources.
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Sato, Tomomasa, Mehrab Hosseinbor, Takeru Kuroiwa, Rui Fukui, Jun Tamura, and Taketoshi Mori. "Behavior and Personal Adaptation of Robotic Lamp." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 17, no. 1 (February 20, 2005): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2005.p0069.
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Based on the concept of “behavior adaptation,” this paper presents an intelligent desk lamp called “Robotic Lamp” that supports users by illuminating desired areas in desired way according to user’s behavior. The user defines desired scenario using a GUI. A high resolution pressure sensor distributed floor is used to recognize user behavior. The system utilizes a five degree-of-freedom robotic lamp not only as an illumination tool but also as an input device in case the user moves it by physical contact. Experiments showed that the system can adapt to user behavior and can receive commands in case it has been moved by user. The adaptation process for the robotic lamp is proved to realize an automatic system that illuminates user-defined areas based on user behavior.
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Bilyea, A., N. Seth, S. Nesathurai, and H. A. Abdullah. "Robotic assistants in personal care: A scoping review." Medical Engineering & Physics 49 (November 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2017.06.038.
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Dario, Paolo, Cecilia Laschi, and Eugenio Guglielmelli. "Design and experiments on a personal robotic assistant." Advanced Robotics 13, no. 2 (January 1998): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156855399x00199.
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Dario, Paolo, Cecilia Laschi, and Eugenio Guglielmelli. "Design and experiments on a personal robotic assistant." Advanced Robotics 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156855399x01062.
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Satava, Richard M. "Robotic surgery: from past to future—a personal journey." Surgical Clinics of North America 83, no. 6 (December 2003): 1491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6109(03)00168-3.
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Dahir, Muna Ali, Alyaa Obaid, Aisha Ali, Amna Mohammed, Ali Abou-ElNour, and Mohammed Tarique. "Mobile Based Robotic Wireless Path Controller." Network Protocols and Algorithms 8, no. 2 (July 21, 2016): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/npa.v8i2.8947.
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For the past decade robotic systems have been successfully used to perform specific tasks with various degree of intelligence. Now-a-days, commercial robotics solutions are focusing more on personal services. Personal services robots are designed with necessary mobility and functional capabilities so that they can operate in a wide range of environments and can provide variety of services including health care, educational, domestic chore, entertainment, and rehabilitation. These personal robots perform various tasks and duties that are often unpredictable in nature. But, there are some technological challenges that need yet to be resolved. Integrating a robotic system with its components is usually a very complex task. Developing a modular robotic system that can perform well in various environments is also challenging. In addition robots should be provided with necessary skills so that they can perform various tasks. Keeping all these challenges in mind we presents a networked robotic system in this paper. The system is controlled by a smart phone. The path followed by the robot can be monitored via an LED panel. In order to control the operation an Android OS mobile application has been developed. Through this application a user can set a path for the robot to follow or can choose a path from a set of already defined paths. We tested our system in a controlled environments and the test results show that the robot can follow a path (either user defined or chosen) with a high accuracy.