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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Personal constitution'
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Moolla, Mohammed. "The imperative to implement Muslim personal law in South Africa." University of Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8358.
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Magister Legum - LLMIt has been more than 25 years since the Interim Constitution came into effect and a Bill of Rights was introduced. Yet Muslim Personal Law ( still has no lega l recognition in South Africa. This the sis investigates how this causes serious problems for Muslim women who suffer grave injustices upo n divorce due to the non recognition and non regulati on of Muslim marriages It highlights t he State refus al to enact legislation despite the dicta and obiter comments from the courts spanning more than two decad es enjoining the state to effect legislation to achieve this purpose. South African law is still fundamentally lacking in the recognition of the rights of parties to marriages contracted only in terms of M PL . For couples married in accordance with civil law, marriages and divorces are dealt with under the relevant statutes, namely the Marriage Act 25 of 1961, t he Civil Union Act 17 of 2006 and the Divorce Act 70 of 1979. No provision has been made in statu tor y law for MP L . Previously the courts have held that this was due to the potentially polygyn ous nature of Muslim marriages. Muslim m arriages are inadequately regulated resulting in serious hardships to Muslim women and children. This thesis furthermore inve stigate s the need to recognize MPL .
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Tamanna, Nowrin. "Personal laws of Bangladesh : a gender study in light of the equality-approach of the constitution." Thesis, University of Kent, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422715.
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Lieutaud-Tardivel, Marylène. "Fureur et constitution de soi chez Giordano Bruno : une étude archéologique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040035.
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Centrée sur la thématique de la « fureur héroïque » développée dans le dernier ouvrage écrit en langue italienne par Giordano Bruno, De gli eroici furori (1585), cette recherche explore une double problématique suivant deux perspectives. D’une part, du point de vue historique, quels sont les schèmes philosophiques qui peuvent être considérés comme des conditions de possibilité de l’émergence de la figure du Furioso, le philosophe-poète dont les poèmes et leur commentaire philosophique nous font suivre l’itinéraire affectif et cognitif dans sa poursuite d’une union naturelle et rationnelle avec le principe infini du réel ? Suivant une méthode archéologique, il s’agit de retrouver dans les strates de la culture philosophique des traces précises et exemplaires de la mise en place, de la transmission et de la transformation de ces schèmes fondamentaux chez des auteurs de l’Antiquité, du Moyen Âge ou de la Renaissance. D’autre part, du point de vue conceptuel, comment une expérience psychologique telle que cette rencontre noético-amoureuse, qui n’est jamais totalement aboutie en raison de la disproportion entre « le sujet » et « l’objet », et qui se présente, néanmoins, comme une dissolution de soi dans la disparition de la distinction entre sujet et objet, met-elle en oeuvre, paradoxalement, une constitution de soi ?Focused on the theme of the “heroic frenzy” developed in Giordano Bruno’s last opus written in Italian language, De gli eroici furori (1585), this work explores a double issue from two perspectives. On the one hand, from an historical point of view, what are the philosophical schemes that may be considered as conditions of possibility for the emergence of the Furioso’s figure, the philosopher-poet whose poems and their commentary lead through a path of affects and knowledge in his own intellectual pursuit of a natural and rational bonding with the infinite principle of reality? Following an archeological method, specific and exemplary traces of these fundamental schemes are found within layers of philosophical culture, throughout works of authors of Antiquity, Middle Ages or Renaissance who set, relayed and modified them. On the other hand, from a conceptual point of view, the process of the Furioso’s psychological experience is studied. His both noetic and loving encounter with the Principle is never completely fulfilled because of the disproportion between “the subject” and “the object”. Nevertheless, it is presented as a dissolution of self by ending the distinction between the subject and the object. How does this experience paradoxically implements a constitution of self?
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Rapoport, Yuri. "A critical analysis of the extent to which the personal civil rights recognised in the constitution of the Russian Federation are enjoyed under Russian law /." Gold Coast, QLD : Bond University, 2006. http://epublications.bond.edu.au/theses/rapoport.
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Thesis (SJD) -- Bond University, 2006."This thesis is submitted to Bond University in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Legal Science"-- t.p. Bibliography: pages 117-125. Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Jonas, Sindiswa Cynthia. "The duty to disclose personal financial interest and its implications on good corporate governance and company efficiency with specific reference to SOC’s." University of the Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8070.
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Magister Legum - LLMThe common law duties have been preserved by the partial codification of the duties of directors in terms of the Companies Act of 2008 (‘2008 Act’). One such duty is the duty to disclose personal financial interest in terms of s 75 of the 2008 Act. The need for directors to disclose personal financial interest has become more necessary than ever before in South African companies, particularly State-Owned Companies (‘SOCs’), due to their role in the South African economy. The injury caused by the breach of this duty is not only to the company, but more harm is caused to the economy and the beneficiaries who are the recipients of services rendered by SOCs. There has been a plethora of media reports of poor corporate governance in SOCs which is attributed to conflict of interest due to failure of directors to disclose their personal financial interests in proposed transactions or approved agreements.
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Postan, Emily Rose. "Defining ourselves : narrative identity and access to personal biological information." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25733.
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When biological information about an individual is produced in healthcare or research settings, ethical questions may arise about whether the individual herself should be able to access it. This thesis argues that the individual’s identity-related interests warrant serious attention in framing and addressing these questions. Identity interests are largely neglected in bioethical, policy and legal debates about information access – except where information about genetic parentage is concerned. Even there, the relationship between information and identity, and the interests involved, remain unclear. This thesis seeks to fill this conceptual gap and challenge this exceptionalism. It does so by developing a normative account of the roles that a wide range of information about our health, bodies and biological relationships – ‘personal bioinformation’ – can play in the construction of our self-conceptions. This account is developed in two steps. First, building on existing philosophical theories of narrative self-constitution, this thesis proposes that personal bioinformation has a critical role to play in the construction of identity narratives that remain coherent and support us in navigating our embodied experiences. Secondly, drawing on empirical literature reporting individuals’ attitudes to receiving three categories of personal bioinformation (about donor conception, genetic disease susceptibility, and neuroimaging-based psychiatric diagnoses), the thesis seeks to illustrate, demonstrate the plausibility of, and to refine this theoretically-based proposition. From these foundations, it is argued that we can have strong identity-related interests in whether and how we are able to access bioinformation about ourselves. The practical implications of this conclusion are then explored. It is argued that identity interests are not reducible to other interests (for example, in health protection) commonly weighed in information disclosure decisions. They, therefore, warrant attention in their own right. An ethical framework is developed to guide delivery of this. This framework sets out the ethical responsibilities of those who hold bioinformation about us to respond to our identity interests in information disclosure practices and policies. The framework is informed by indications from the illustrative examples that our interests engaged as much by how bioinformation is communicated as whether it is disclosed. Moreover, these interests are not uniformly engaged by all bioinformation in all circumstances and there is potential for identity detriment as well as benefit. The ethical framework highlights the opportunities for and challenges of responding to identity interests and the scope and limits of potential disclosers’ responsibilities to do so. It also makes recommendations as to the principles and characteristics of identity-supporting disclosure practices.
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Jaffer, Taskeen. "Women’s rights are human rights – a review of gender bias in South African tax law." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80447.
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The role of taxation in gender inequality is something that is perhaps not considered earnestly enough. Both in South Africa and within the context of global initiatives such as the Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) which are aimed at eradicating all forms of gender-based discrimination, the importance of understanding the gender consequences of tax policy, whether intended or not, should not be underestimated.
This study seeks to identify whether or not there are any instances where South Africa’s personal income tax laws have an effect which is potentially inconsistent with both the Constitutional right to equality between genders and international gender equality agreements to which South Africa is bound, namely the CEDAW and the SDG. In doing so, determine whether South Africa’s personal income tax legislation should become a focal point in this regard and be one of the pillars that could further be used as a means to uphold and further the cause of substantive gender equity.Mini Dissertation (MCom (Taxation))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
pt2021
Taxation
MCom (Taxation)
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Farias, Deliane Macedo de. "Sexo n?o ? brincadeira: o sentido de inf?ncia para adolescentes inseridas na explora??o sexual comercial." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17422.
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Previous issue date: 2008-03-31Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The childhood has being highlighted by the great concern about the several contexts in which children are inserted, amongst them, commercial sexual exploitation (CSE). The experience of this violence process brings implications to the person constitution. Thus, this research aimed to understand how commercial sexual exploited adolescents to signify the childhood. Participated of this research four female adolescents that had been assisted by Programa de enfrentamento ao Abuso e Explora??o Sexual de Crian?as e Adolescentes (Sentinela) , with ages between 12 and 17 years. The corpus was composed by the combination of the semi-structured interview and other procedures, like childish stories, draws and photography. Moreover, we used another instruments to constitute the corpus, like the documental research and we proposed the construction of a life story book of each participant. The corpus was analyzed through the Thematic Content Analysis. Five thematic axes emerged from the participants discourse and theoretical perspective: dynamical of family, scholar process, ludic behavior, conception of childhood and insertion on CSE process. The participants presented a conception about childhood as been a preparation and education phase to ingress in adult life. In other words, while children do not grown up, they go to the school, plays, lives with family, are happy and do not have any responsibilities. Nevertheless, the life experience of these girls was implicated by negligence, sexual abuse, child labor, institutionalization and, evidently, the commercial sexual exploitation. Understanding that the childhood experienced by adolescent, as well as, her insertion on CSECA, constitutes her, while person, we investigated how the interrelation expresses it on participants future perspectives. Their goals are defined based on family constitution and professional improvement, although feelings of disillusion and pessimism had been showed up in some moments. According these results, we pointed to the necessity of the effective proposals that promote real improvement of adolescents life quality, through, in which they could to create alternatives to get over the several risks in which they are exposed, mainly, the CSECA condition
Observamos que a inf?ncia vem sendo alvo de grande preocupa??o nos tempos atuais, constituindo-se em diversos contextos, dentre eles, o da explora??o sexual comercial (ESC). A viv?ncia de tal processo de viol?ncia traz implica??es para a constitui??o do sujeito. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa objetivou compreender como adolescentes em situa??o de explora??o sexual comercial significam a inf?ncia. Participaram da pesquisa quatro adolescentes do sexo feminino, com idades entre 12 e 17 anos, atendidas pelo Programa de Enfrentamento ao Abuso e Explora??o Sexual de Crian?as e Adolescentes (Sentinela). Para composi??o do corpus de pesquisa, aliamos a entrevista semi-estruturada a outros procedimentos, como hist?rias infantis, desenho e fotografia. Acrescente-se a esses procedimentos a an?lise documental e a constru??o de um ?lbum da hist?ria de vida de cada participante. O corpus foi analisado ? luz da An?lise de Conte?do Tem?tica. Cinco eixos tem?ticos emergiram dos relatos das participantes e das reflex?es te?ricas, a saber: din?mica familiar, processo de escolariza??o, ludicidade, concep??o de inf?ncia e o processo de inser??o na ESCCA. Pudemos observar que as participantes t?m uma concep??o de inf?ncia marcada pela id?ia desta enquanto fase de prepara??o e de educa??o para o ingresso na cultura adulta. Ou seja, enquanto n?o cresce, a crian?a vai ? escola, brinca, mora com a fam?lia, ? feliz e n?o tem responsabilidades. Por?m, a viv?ncia de inf?ncia dessas meninas foi comprometida por situa??es de neglig?ncia, especialmente materna, abuso sexual, trabalho infantil, institucionaliza??o e, evidentemente, de explora??o sexual comercial. Entendendo que as viv?ncias de inf?ncia, assim como a inser??o na ESCCA, s?o constitutivos do sujeito, investigamos como essa inter-rela??o se manifesta nas perspectivas de futuro das participantes. Essas definem suas metas com base na constitui??o de uma fam?lia e na forma??o profissional, embora sejam atravessadas por sentimentos como desilus?o e pessimismo, em alguns momentos. Diante desses resultados, apontamos para a necessidade da efetiva??o de propostas de melhoria concreta na qualidade de vida dessas adolescentes, a partir das quais poder?o criar alternativas para superar os diversos riscos aos quais est?o expostas, em especial a condi??o de ESCCA
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Ferreira, Júnior Jose Temístocles. "A dêixis pessoal nas interações mãe-bebê: a constituição do sujeito no processo de enunciação." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2009. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6494.
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Previous issue date: 2009-12-16Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The enunciation of personal deixis is a point of tension between language and the subject, highlighting the movements of the emergence of subjectivity in discourse. In language acquisition, deictic designation furthers our understanding of the initial process of subjectivity experienced by the infans, while allowing us to glimpse the different mechanism as to initiate the subject in language. On this assumption, we must consider how perceptive the subject is of the process of subjective constitution that he/she is passing through, by the linguistic marks of their registration statement (personal deixis), when invoking the formal apparatus of enunciation (BENVENISTE, 1989, p. 81-84), makes the use of language and its reversibility proper in a situation of enunciative interaction with others. Our goal is therefore to investigate the relationship between language acquisition and the formation of the subject, as proposed by Benveniste (1988 and 1989), by observing the appearance and operation of personal deixis in enunciative productions of the baby in situation of interaction with the mother. To do so, we will take longitudinal data from three mother-infant dyads (12 to 32 months of age), in naturalistic situation of interaction. The results show that, when considering the different movements of the mechanism of personal deixis in children's language, we can see the various subjective shifts in which the child passes: at first, the child seeks a place for himself in the enunciative structure; then comes to the game of reversible deictic personal, and finally enters the logic of the mechanism of personal deixis. In this sense, the use of personal deictic has as a property to express, in the particular circumstances of living / being of each subject in the language, the regularities of enunciative distinct movements contained in the initial stages of language acquisition.
A enunciação da dêixis pessoal constitui um ponto de tensão entre a linguagem e o sujeito, pois evidencia os movimentos de instalação da subjetividade no discurso. Na aquisição da linguagem, a designação dêitica possibilita a compreensão do processo inicial de subjetivação por que passa o infans, ao mesmo tempo em que nos permite vislumbrar os diferentes mecanismos enunciativos de instauração do sujeito na linguagem. Partindo desta premissa, cabe-nos analisar de que modo o sujeito dá a conhecer o processo de constituição subjetiva por que está passando, por meio das marcas lingüísticas de sua inscrição no enunciado (dêixis pessoal), quando, valendo-se do aparelho formal da enunciação (BENVENISTE, 1989, p. 81-84), torna próprio o uso da língua e sua reversibilidade em situação de interação enunciativa com o outro. Nosso objetivo é, portanto, investigar a relação entre a aquisição da linguagem e o processo de constituição do sujeito, tal como proposto por Benveniste (1988 e 1989), através da observação do aparecimento e do funcionamento da dêixis pessoal nas produções enunciativas do bebê em situação de interação com a mãe. Para isso, iremos nos valer de dados longitudinais de três díades mãe-bebê (de 12 a 32 meses de idade), em situação naturalística de interação. Os resultados mostram que, ao analisar os diferentes movimentos do mecanismo da dêixis pessoal na linguagem infantil, podemos perceber os diversos deslocamentos subjetivos pelos quais a criança passa: a princípio, busca um lugar para si na estrutura enunciativa; em seguida esbarra no jogo reversível dos dêiticos pessoais; por fim, adentra na lógica do mecanismo da dêixis pessoal. Nesse sentido, o uso dos dêiticos pessoais tem a propriedade de explicitar, dentro das singularidades do estar/ser de cada sujeito na língua, as regularidades de movimentos enunciativos distintos e constantes na fase inicial de aquisição da linguagem.
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Rus, Éric de. "Anthropologie phénoménologique et théorie de l'éducation dans l'oeuvre d'Edith Stein." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30032.
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Notre projet de recherche est de comprendre, à l’intérieur de l’œuvre d’Édith Stein, le lien fondamental qui unit la structure de la personne humaine dans ses dimensions fondamentales (anthropologie) et l’éducation.Éduquer c’est être inévitablement renvoyé à la question : « Qu’est-ce que l’homme ? » dans la mesure où l'éducation engage « une certaine conception de l’homme, sa place dans le monde, ce à quoi il s’occupe, de même que dans les possibilités d’agir pratiquement sur l’homme et de le former. » Outre le fait qu'Edith Stein ne systématise pas sa conception de l'éducation, d'où la nécessité d'en reconstituer l'architecture d'ensemble, elle ne la fait pas dériver d'une anthropologie préalablement constituée. Notre hypothèse de recherche est que la personne humaine n'est pas une réalité déjà constituée dont une anthropologie statique rendrait compte, mais une réalité qui s'édifie au fil d'un processus de configuration qui « embrasse le corps, l’âme et l’esprit avec toutes leurs facultés » et dont la théorie steinienne de l’éducation examine les possibilités. A partir d'une analyse phénoménologique de la constitution de la personne nous examinerons ses possibilités de déploiement et sa finalité ultime comme une possibilité de sa libertéOur purpose is to understand, on the basis of Edith Stein’s work, the link between the structure of human person and education. Educate is assuming the question : “What is human being ?” On the one hand, Stein does not organize systematically her conception of education, so that we must put in evidence the unity of that vision of education through her work. On the other hand, Stein refuses to derive education from a programmatic anthropology. Our hypothesis of research is : the human person is not a reality yet constituted but developing through a process which “embraces the body, the soul and the spirit”. On the basis of a phenomenological analysis of the constitution of the human person, we will examine the possibilities of her development and its ultimate finality as a possibility of her freedom
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Gellert, Ashley Elizabeth. "Putting Women Back on Top?: (Re)constituting Power and Audience in The Vagina Monologues." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32677.
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Eve Enslerâ s goal in writing The Vagina Monologues was to generate a dialogue regarding womenâ s sexuality to counter the silence that pervades the patriarchal culture that they inhabit. To achieve this goal, Ensler constructs two ideologiesâ one grounded in patriarchy and another supposedly grounded in female agency and dialogueâ to reveal the problems within the current ideology in hopes that her audience will adopt her new ideology and resolve the detrimental silence women endure. To evaluate its success, this study utilizes an eclectic approachâ comprised of constitutive rhetoric, second persona, third persona, and bell hooksâ rhetorical optionsâ to determine if the playâ s content encourages the dialogue Ensler desires.Master of Arts
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Woods, Evan T. "The Problems of the Many." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563318642660876.
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Silva, Kelaniyage Buddhappriya Asoka. "Constitutional rights relating to criminal justice administration in South-Asia : a comparison with the European Convention on Human Rights." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327597.
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Mbida, Germain. "Le rapport de la personne à l'institution dans l'histoire de la vie religieuse : son évolution des origines à la fin du XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAK006/document.
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Ce rapport personne-institution s’appuie sur une double notion : la personne humaine et le salut en Jésus-Christ. Le désir du salut dans l’histoire de l’Église a pris son essor dans l’anachorétisme pour s’épanouir dans le cénobitisme. Les grandes Règles monastiques ont mis au point tout une pédagogie spirituelle, à travers toute une législation où le rapport personne institution se révèle interactif et fécond pour la transformation spirituelle de la personne. La période qui va du Xe au XIIIe siècle, caractérisée par les grandes réformes monastiques de Cluny et de Cîteaux ainsi que l’émergence des Ordres mendiants a permis au rapport personne-institution de confirmer sa fiabilité même au creuset de l’épreuve que fut la Révolution de 1789. L’analyse du rapport personne-institution montre que la personne crée l’institution, lui donne sens et légitimité et l’institution favorise l’avènement de la personne comme être-en-relation, se construisant sans cesse par l’ouverture à l’altéritéThe relationship between the individual person and the religious institution is examined here all along the history of religious community life from the first cenobitc institution of saint Pacomus in the 4th century until the end of 18th century. The work is organised around two basic notions : the human person and salvation in Jesus Christ.With the apearance of monaticism, the notion of salvation clearly appears here in its objective, communal and universal dimension. The monastic reformation initiated in Cluny and Cîteaux, the appearance of the mendicant orders, and the French Revolution enabled the relation between the person and the institution to renew the meaning of religeous commitment. The analysis of the relationship person-institution shows that the person creates the institution, endowing it with meaning and legitimacy and that the institution works toward the advent of the human person seen as « a being in relation with » constantly developing by being open to otherness
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McDonough, Brendan P. "The Personae of Students Without Majors in the State of Ohio." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1491558587859351.
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SANDRI, ANDREA. "Genesi e sovranità. Le dottrine dello Stato federale nell'epoca bismarckiana." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/99.
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Si indaga la costruibilità della figura dello Stato federale a partire dalle teorie con cui alla fine del XIX secolo i principali teorici dello Stato e costituzionalisti tedeschi interpretarono la genesi del Reich. Le strutture genetiche fondamentali individuate servono quindi a valutare il senso delle modificazioni del concetto di sovranità all'interno dello Stato federale e il rapporto tra sovranità e supremazia competenziale che di volta in volta si delinea.It is examinated the possibility of constructing the figure of the Federal state beginning from the theories with which the most important German political theorists and constitutionalists explained the genesis of the Reich. The fundamental genetic structures serve to estimate the sense of the modifications of the concept of Sovereignty within the federal state and relation between Sovereignty and competencial supremacy.
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Eguiguren, Praeli Francisco José. "Sex change and its registration on the Personal Identity Registry. The change that Constitutional Court did not dare to approve." IUS ET VERITAS, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123156.
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In this article, the author tries to clarify various aspects of the fundamental right to Personal identity, this with regard to a recent sentence by the Peruvian Constitutional Court which dismissed the claim of a citizen to register in the National Registry of Identification and Civil status his sex change. Also, the autor analyze the arguments that the Court used to make this decision, as well as also used by two of its judges who expressed their disagreement through unique votes. it is point outs that in Peru, as in other countries, there isn’t a law regulating to the registration of sex change. However, for the author this should not limit the Constitutional Court to approve this change.En el presente artículo, el autor trata de esclarecer diversos aspectos del derecho fundamental a la identidad Personal, esto a propósito de una reciente sentencia emitida por el t ribunal Constitucional peruano donde se desestima la pretensión de un ciudadano a que se inscriba en el Registro Nacional de Identificación y Estado Civil su cambio de sexo. Asimismo, se encarga de analizar los argumentos que el t ribunal empleó para tomar esta decisión, así como también los usados por dos de sus magistrados que expresaron su desacuerdo mediante votos singulares. Se señala que en Perú no existe, como en otros países, una ley que regule el registro de cambio de sexo, sin embargo, para el autor esto no debió impedir que el Tribunal Constitucional aprobará este cambio.
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Arouna-Hardouin, Julie. "Dynamique de constitution des compétences d'innovation dans une FMN. Le cas Valeo." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX013.
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La thèse traite de la manière dont des firmes multinationales (FMNs) historiquement occidentales, pilotent la dynamique de constitution des compétences nécessaires pour supporter leur stratégie de croissance et d’innovation, lorsque leur marché bascule depuis l’Europe vers l’Asie.La littérature sur le management de l’innovation dans les FMNs propose différents modèles d’organisation globale des processus d’innovation mais n’aborde pas la question de la dynamique de constitution de ces modèles, à partir d’une situation historique et d’une stratégie d’internationalisation spécifique.La thèse traite de cette question de la dynamique à partir d’une recherche interactive menée au sein de l’équipementier automobile mondial Valeo. Elle montre (i) que l’internationalisation en Chine constitue une triple rupture de vitesse, de volume ainsi que de contexte pour la FMN occidentale historique, (ii) que la stratégie mise en œuvre par la FMN en Chine depuis l’Europe permet de gérer la situation à court terme, mais n’est pas particulièrement propice à la constitution des compétences nécessaires aux équipes locales pour devenir progressivement autonomes.A partir d’un diagnostic des difficultés rencontrées, la thèse propose alors (i) au niveau micro, un modèle de reconception des dispositifs de formation dispensés, de manière à optimiser les apprentissages des collaborateurs chinois et favoriser le développement de leurs compétences, (ii) au niveau macro, une trajectoire d’optimisation du développement des compétences de R-I-D (Recherche, Innovation, Développement) dans la firme-réseau global, d’une part en Chine via la formation de formateurs locaux et la constitution de communautés de pratiques, d’autre part globalement via la constitution d’un véhicule organisationnel de type Université d’Entreprise, qui permettrait d’adresser, ensemble, les problématiques d’identification et d’attrait des talents, de montée en compétence, ainsi que d’engagement et de fidélisationThis thesis focuses on the way multinational corporations (MNCs) develop and manage the required competences to sustain their innovation strategy when their market dynamism is shifting towards Asia.The literature presents various models to organize innovation processes globally but does not answer the question of their dynamic constitution based on a given situation.Drawing upon an interactive research conducted within Valeo – a worldwide automotive supplier – this thesis focuses on that dynamic dimension. It sheds light on how (i) China constitutes a disruptive experience for the Western MNC because of the speed and scale of the phenomenon, as well as the context, (ii) the strategy implemented by the MNC in China from Europe has helped to deal with the difficult situation in the short term, but is not the best way to develop the necessary competences locally to enable the local teams to become autonomous.We thus suggest: (i) at the micro level, a new way of designing training programs that involves shifting from a teaching-centered approach to a learning-centered approach, (ii) at the macro level, a trajectory to improve the constitution of R-I-D (Research, Innovation, Development) competences in the global firm, on the one hand in China via the coaching of local trainers and the development of communities of practice, and on the other hand globally via the constitution of an organizational vehicle such as a Corporate University, to address simultaneously learning and talent management issues – both individually & collectively, locally & globally, in-house & in link with the outside world
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Lasauskas, Dainius. "Lygiateisiškumo principas Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinio Teismo jurisprudencijoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090122_103917-89292.
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Šiame darbe atskleidžiama konstitucinio asmenų lygiateisiškumo principo samprata ir kilmė, analizuojama konstitucinio lygiateisiškumo principo doktrina, suformuota Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinio Teismo jurisprudencijoje. Konstituciniams principams tenka pagrindinis vaidmuo konstitucinio reguliavimo procese. Konstituciniai principai organizuoja į darnią visumą visas Konstitucijos nuostatas.
Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinio Teismo jurisprudencijos analizė leidžia teigti, kad konstitucinis asmenų lygiateisiškumo principas yra vienas universaliausių ir dažniausiai taikomų teisės aktų atitikties Konstitucijai tikrinimo matų. Konstitucinis Teismas, tirdamas teisės aktų konstitucingumą, suformavo plačią ir išsamią lygiateisiškumo principo doktriną. Konstitucinis asmenų lygiateisiškumo principas yra pamatinis šiuolaikinės demokratinės visuomenės principas. Lygiateisiškumo principas formuluojamas ne tik Konstitucijos 29 straipsnyje, reikšmingi šio principo aspektai įtvirtinti ir Konstitucijos 33, 38, 50, 55, 78, 82, 119 straipsnių nuostatose.
Konstitucinio Teismo nutarimuose atskleista, kad tai formalios teisinės lygybės principas, šio principo turi būti laikomasi ir leidžiant įstatymus, ir juos taikant, ir vykdant teisingumą. Lygiateisiškumo principo turi būti laikomasi ne tik Lietuvos Respublikos piliečių, bet ir užsienio piliečių bei asmenų be pilietybės atžvilgiu, šis principas taikytinas ne tik fiziniams, bet ir juridiniams asmenims.
Asmenų lygiateisiškumo principas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The study discusses origins and concepts of the constitutional principle of the persons equality, furthermore, it analyzes doctrine of persons equality in jurisprudence of Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania. Constitutional principles take leading role in process of constitutional regulation. The analyzis of the jurisprudence of Constitutional Court allows to state that the constitutional principle of the persons equality is one of the most applicable measures for the correspondence between law acts and the Constitution. While construing Article 29 of the Constitution, the Constitutional Court has formed an extensive and thorough doctrine of the principle of the persons equality. The Constitutional Court has noted that this is a principle of the formal legal equality. The constitutional principle of the persons equality must be followed while passing laws, applying them and administering justice. This principle is applied not only in the aspect of citizens of the Republic of Lithuania, but also of citizens of foreign states and persons without citizenship, this principle is applicable not only to natural but also to legal persons. The study points out that in the Article 29 of Constitution the feature list, which specifies when the privilege rendering is not allowed and when the rights can not be limited, is not comprehensive, furthermore, this discrimination is impossible for other features, which are not foreseen in the Constitution, too. The constitutional... [to full text]
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Heite, Martin. "Privacy, Constitutions and the Law of Torts: a Comparative and Theoretical Analysis of Protecting Personal Information Against Dissemination in New Zealand, the UK and the USA." University of Canterbury. Law, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2955.
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The New Zealand Court of Appeal has recently acknowledged the existence of a freestanding tort of invasion of privacy in Hosking v Runting. The tort is in its infancy and the courts are still grappling with essential problems, the most prominent of which is the conflict with countervailing interests in freedom of speech. In need of guidance, the courts turn to overseas authorities, predominantly from the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The commonly found descriptive nature of the comparison invites a broader analysis of these jurisdictions. In this thesis, I offer a theoretically informed comparative law analysis of New Zealand's new tort with the American public disclosure of private facts tort and the British extended breach of confidence action. In all three jurisdictions, the conflict of privacy with individual and societal concerns in freedom of speech has led to an exten-sion of (quasi-) constitutional norms derived, for instance, from the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 into the common law sphere – the horizontal effect. The horizontal application of constitutional rights poses significant legal problems to the common law, because it has learned to deal with duties rather than rights. The time has come to re-consider the nature of rights in both constitutional and tort law. The comparison shows that New Zealand has effectively adopted two torts – one following the duty-based lead of the United States of America and an alternative modelled along the lines of the more rights-orientated British law. The law of the United Kingdom and the USA differ to a degree that calls their comparability into question. I present the preferable British ap-proach as a 'constitutionalised common law tort of privacy.' The results also show that this model represents a competitive third way to traditional solutions based on common law or statute by means of utilising a statutory human rights instrument as an analytical framework for the common law.
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Moosa, Fareed. "The 1996 Constitution and the Tax Administration Act 28 of 2011 : balancing efficient and effective tax administration with taxpayers' rights." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5532.
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Doctor Legum - LLDTaxation is fundamental for development in South Africa (SA), a developing country with an emerging economy in which taxation is essential to capacitate the government so that it can fulfil its mandate under the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (Constitution). This mandate includes bringing about socio-economic transformation, part of transformative constitutionalism, through progressively realising socio-economic rights. This dissertation examines the way in which tax administration may take place efficiently and effectively with due respect for taxpayers' rights. A clear link is shown between taxation, human rights and the South African government's responsibilities to attain its transformation targets. To facilitate this process, the Constitution creates a legal framework for the imposition of tax and for the equitable distribution of tax revenue among the three spheres of government. For historical, political and other reasons, South Africans generally, as happens elsewhere in the world, lack a strong culture of voluntary tax compliance. Wilful non-payment of tax is antithetical to the values of democracy, ubuntu and the rule of law. Tax non-compliance minimises revenue collected from taxation. This, in turn, hinders the attainment of transformation in all its facets. A pressing need exists for laws that, on the one hand, promote tax morality and, on the other, strengthen the South African Revenue Service (SARS) so that it can effectively administer SA's national tax system (or grid). To this end, the Tax Administration Act 28 of 2011 (TAA) is pivotal. It regulates tax administration, a part of public administration. Under the Constitution, SARS is obliged to execute its functions in a manner respectful of taxpayers' rights and that upholds the Constitution’s values and democratic principles. Consequently, the TAA must strike a fair balance between, on the one hand, protecting taxpayers' rights and, on the other, arming SARS with adequate powers with which it can effectively combat the mischief of tax non-compliance. This dissertation shows that, when viewed through the prism of s 36 of the Bill of Rights (BOR), the powers conferred on SARS by ss 45(1), (2), 63(1) and (4) of the TAA to conduct warrantless inspections and searches, as the case may be, limit taxpayers' rights to, inter alia, privacy. It concludes that, whilst ss 63(1) and (4) ought to pass muster, ss 45(1) and (2) are susceptible to a declaration of invalidity under s 172(1) of the Constitution.
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Khatrouch, Ikram. "Contribution à un modèle d'aide à la constitution et aux choix des équipes multidisciplinaires dans les systèmes hospitaliers." Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080011.
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L'objet de cette thèse est de développer une approche d’aide à la constitution et aux choix des équipes multidisciplinaires. Deux méthodologies ont été développées afin d’apporter une contribution au le domaine du management des équipes d’une manière générale et aux systèmes hospitaliers particulièrement. Nous nous sommes intéressés dans la conception de ces méthodologies aux méthodes d’aide à la décision multicritère et aux méthodes cognitives. La première méthodologie TBS 1, se base sur les expériences des opérations passées afin de fournir l’équipe adéquate pour une nouvelle opération. Nous développons une hybridation entre un outil d’aide à la décision multicritères AHP et une méthode cognitive RàPC. Dans une deuxième méthodologie TBS 2, nous combinons deux méthodes d’aide à la décision multicritères AHP et ELECTRE afin de proposer aux responsables la meilleure équipe et les liens avec les autres équipes. Pour valider ces deux démarches, nous les avons expérimentées en bloc opératoire de CHU Habib Bourguiba. Bien qu’un certain nombre de limites ait pu être mis en évidence, les retours terrain nous amènent à penser que l’intérêt des deux démarches d’aide à la constitution et au choix des équipes dans le bloc opératoire semble validéThe subject of this thesis is to develop a support approach to the constitution and to the choices of the multidisciplinary teams. Two methodologies have been developed in order to provide a contribution to the domain of the team management in a general manner and to the hospital systems particularly. We are interested in the conception of these methodologies in the support method to the multi-criterion decision and to the cognitive methods.The first methodology TBS 1, is based on the experiences of the past operations in order to supply the adequate team for a new operation. We develop hybridization between the support tool to the multi-criterion decision AHP and a cognitive method CBR. In a second methodology TBS 2, we combine two support methods to the multi-criterion decision AHP and ELECTRE in order to suggest to the persons in charge the best team and the links with the other teams.In order to approve these two approaches, we have experimented them in the operating theatre of CHU Habib Bourguiba. Even though certain number of limits could be highlighted, the operation issues lead us to think that the interest of the two support approaches to the constitution and to the choices of the teams in the operating theatre seems to be approved
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Chambardon, Nicolas. "L'identité numérique de la personne humaine : contribution à l'étude du droit fondamental à la protection des données à caractères personnel." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2072.
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Les données à caractère personnel sont appréhendées par le droit comme des objets distincts de la personne à laquelle elles se rapportent. Ce statut particulier serait justifié par la transformation résultant du traitement de données. La loi du 6 janvier 1978 suggère pourtant un rattachement en définissant la donnée personnelle comme une « information relative à une personne physique identifiée ou qui peut être identifiée, directement ou indirectement ». Lesdites données sont donc des éléments identifiants, et en cela, par une interdépendance des éléments subjectifs et objectifs, des composantes de l’identité. Elles forment l’identité numérique de la personne, toujours plus sollicitée et collectée. L’hypothèse intuitive de l’identité est contrariée par le droit positif français, au sein duquel la loi Informatique et libertés marque son autonomie par rapport à l’article 9 du Code civil, matrice des droits de la personnalité. Le droit de l’Union européenne isole également, au sein de la Charte des droits fondamentaux, la protection des données à caractère personnel de la protection de la vie privée. Cette autonomisation permet l’accélération de la patrimonialisation des données à caractère personnel, visées comme éléments isolés par une multitude de contrats d’adhésion autorisant le traitement. Le sectionnement du lien entre la personne et ses données n’est toutefois pas inéluctable : la protection de l’autonomie de la personne peut maintenir cette connexion. La Cour européenne des droits de l’Homme, qui intègre la protection des données à celle de la vie privée, affirme le lien entre ces informations personnelles et l’identité. En outre, sa jurisprudence relative à la protection de l’autonomie personnelle peut constituer une réponse à l’objectivation des personnes. Dans le même sens, la jurisprudence du Conseil constitutionnel relative à la liberté personnelle, vecteur du droit au développement de la personnalité et de la protection de l’identité en France, a déjà accueilli favorablement la protection des données à caractère personnel. Une réflexion qui prend l’identité comme point de départ de l’étude d’un droit à la protection des données met en lumière le véritable enjeu de la collecte exponentielle des données à caractère personnel et du profilage qui s’en suit : l’autonomie des personnes, dont la préservation est assurée à travers le concept de personne humaine, sujet des droits fondamentauxFrench law approaches personal data and the person they are related to as separated objects. This special status would be justified by the transformation resulting from the data processing. However, by defining personal data as "information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person, directly or indirectly", the law of 6 January 1978 suggests that they are in fact connected to each other. Therefore, those data are to be understood as identifying elements. Following the interdependence of subjective and objective elements, they are components of identity. They form the person’s digital identity, which is increasingly solicited and gathered. The intuitive assumption of personal data as components of identity is thwarted by French positive law, within which the Data Protection Act marks its autonomy in comparison to Article 9 of the Civil Code – the latter being the matrix of rights related to personality. The same way, protection of personal data is distinguished from protection of privacy in the European Union’s Charter of Fundamental Rights. This increasing autonomy allows the accelerated conversion of personal data into assets. In a multitude of conventions, they are regarded as isolated elements of which processing is allowed. Yet the split between the person and their data could be avoided: protection of the autonomy of the person can ensure a connexion. The European Court of Human Rights considers data protection as part of the right to privacy, hence asserting the existence of a link between personal data and identity of the individual. Moreover, its case law regarding the protection of personal autonomy may constitute an answer to the objectification of individuals. Correlatively, the French Constitutional Court has already taken data protection as a part of personal freedom, the latter being considered in its case law as the embryo of the right to the development of personality and the protection of identity. By taking identity as the starting point of a study examining a right to data protection, it is possible to reveal the stakes of exponential gathering of personal data and ensuing profiling: the autonomy of the individual. Therefore, the latter can be protected by the concept of human person as subject of fundamental rights
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Claisse, Christophe. "Les pulsations de la mobilité en entreprise : entre reconfiguration d’un marché interne et constitution d’un régime d’épreuve à la mobilité professionnelle." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0001/document.
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La thèse porte sur l’étude d’un dispositif d’accompagnement à la mobilité professionnelle au sein d’une ancienne administration d’État devenue société anonyme. Réalisée dans les centres financiers de la Banque Postale, l’enquête ethnographique combine entretiens et observations pour analyser conjointement la mobilité en cours de carrière comme l’agencement subjectif des séquences d’une vie, et la mobilité comme modalité de gestion du personnel d’une entreprise en transformation. Dans un contexte où l’individualisation des politiques de l’emploi se joint à celle des dispositifs de gestion des ressources humaines (Gazier, 2010), la thèse propose une analyse de la mobilité en contexte organisé, qui met en évidence le caractère normatif d’une injonction à la réalisation de soi par le travail. Elle met en avant le caractère multidimensionnel des transactions qui se jouent dans une épreuve de mobilité (sur le plan biographique, sur celui des usages – et détournements – des dispositifs de gestion, sur le rôle joué par les managers ou encore le cadre collectif négocié par les organisations syndicales). Ainsi, la thèse dissout les catégories dichotomiques utilisées pour décrire les parcours professionnels (mobilité subie ou choisie) en montrant que des mobilités dites subies peuvent être l’expression de véritables choix de carrière au service d’un projet de vie et que des mobilités dites choisies peuvent s’avérer foncièrement contraignantes. Au final, la thèse montre que le rapport entretenu par les individus avec leur carrière et l’usage qu’ils font de la mobilité comme outil au service de celle-ci, s’avère bien plus déterminantThe focus of the thesis is the study of a support mechanism for employee mobility in a former state owned public administration that became a limited company. Carried out in the financial centres of La Banque Postale, the ethnographic inquiry combines qualitative interviews with workplace observations in order to analyse both career mobility as a subjective combination of life sequences, and professional mobility as a way of managing people in a firm in a state of transformation. In a context where both employment policies and human resources management systems tend towards individualized actions (Gazier, 2010), the thesis offers an analysis of professional mobility within an organized and structured context that highlights the normative nature of an injunction to self-realization through work. It emphasizes the multidimensional nature of bargainings involved in the course of mobility (on a biographical level, on the use - and misuse - of management tools, on the role played by managers or the collective framework negotiated by Trade Unions). Thus, the thesis dissolves the dichotomous categories used to describe professional careers (imposed or chosen mobility) by showing that so-called imposed mobility can be the expression of true career choices to serve a life project and that so-called chosen mobility may be fundamentally constraining. Finally, the thesis shows that the relationship maintained by individuals with their career and the use they make of professional mobility as a tool in order to achieve it, is far more decisive
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Mbousngok, Aubain-Didier. "La protection constitutionnelle des droits de l’homme dans les États d’Afrique noire francophone." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0146.
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Les bouleversements en Europe à la fin des années 1980 n’ont pas épargné l’Afrique subsaharienne. Si au niveau mondial ces bouleversements ont conduit à la dislocation du bloc de l’Est et à la remise en cause des équilibres géostratégiques, en Afrique noire, ils ont permis la chute des régimes autoritaires et dictatoriaux. L’Afrique noire francophone qui fait l’objet de cette étude n’est pas restée en marge de cette évolution. C’est au niveau constitutionnel, plus précisément, dans le domaine de la protection des droits de l’homme que l’on constate le changement le plus significatif. Celui-ci est marqué par l’adoption de nouvelles constitutions à tendance libérale, la création des juridictions constitutionnelles autonomes et spécialisées, la reconnaissance des communautés ethnoculturelles qui constituent le substrat humain de l’État. Cette thèse qui porte sur « la protection constitutionnelle des droits de l’homme dans les États d’Afrique noire francophone » depuis 1990 veut justement montrer que la garantie des droits et libertés dans cette zone géographique vise le respect de la dignité humaine, que cette garantie relève en partie du droit positif à travers notamment la Constitution, la loi et les instruments juridiques auxquels les États africains souscrivent, ce qui semble conférer au système africain de protection des droits de l’homme une dimension universelle. Mais il s’agit aussi de convaincre dans cette étude que la norme juridique n’est pas le seul élément qui participe à la protection des droits de l’homme dans les États d’Afrique noire francophone : les us, les coutumes, la pratique, les usages et les traditions en vigueur dans la société participent aussi, à certains égards, à la protection des droits de l’homme. Pour cette raison, l’universalité des droits de l’homme qui apparaît dans le nouveau constitutionnalisme africain doit être relativisée à cause de la prégnance du droit traditionnel, et, surtout, de l’influence des facteurs anthropologiques (culture, religion, tradition…) dans la société. Le constituant africain semble de plus en plus tenir compte de cette influence. Depuis 1990, il intègre les règles traditionnelles dans la Constitution, ce qui confère au droit constitutionnel africain toute son originalité et un caractère dualiste. Ce dualisme se traduit particulièrement par la conciliation entre le droit moderne et le droit traditionnelUpheavals in Europe at the end of 1980s did not save (spare) sub-Saharan Africa. If at the world level these upheavals led (drove) to the dislocation of the east block and to the questioning of the geostrategic balances, in Black Africa, they allowed the fall of the authoritarian and dictatorial diets (regimes). French-speaking Black Africa which is the object of this study did not stay outside this evolution. It is at the constitutional level, more exactly, in the field of the protection of the human rights that we notice the most significant change. This one is marked by the adoption of new constitutions with liberal trend (tendency), the creation of the autonomous and specialized constitutional jurisdictions, the gratitude (recognition) of the ethnocultural communities which establish (constitute) the human substratum of the State.This thesis which carries (wears) “the constitutional protection of human rights in the States of French-speaking Black Africa” since 1990 exactly wants to show that the guarantee of the rights and the liberties in this geographical zone aims at the respect for the human dignity, that this guarantee is partially (is partially a matter) of the substantive law through in particular the Constitution, the law and the legal instruments to which the African States subscribe, what seems to confer on the African system of protection of human rights a universal dimensions.But it is also a question of convincing in this study that the legal rule is not the only element which participates in the protection of human rights in the States of French-speaking Black Africa : customs (US), customs, practice, uses (practices) and current traditions in the society participate so, in some respects, in the protection of human rights. For that reason, the universality of the human rights which appears in the new African constitutionalism must be put in perspective because of the prégnance of the traditional right (law), and, especially, the influence of the anthropological factors (culture, religion, tradition…) in the society.The African constituent seems more and more to take into account this influence. Since 1990, he integrates (joins) the traditional rules into the Constitution, what confers on the African constitutional law all its originality and a dualistic character. This dualism is particularly translated by the conciliation between the modern right (law) and the traditional right (law)
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Bachour, Samir Dib. "Poder constituinte derivado de equivalência às emendas constitucionais: os tratados de direitos humanos após a EC nº 45/04." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2134/tde-11022015-124424/.
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A teoria do Poder Constituinte Derivado de Equivalência às Emendas Constitucionais busca abarcar por completo o fenômeno jurídico da aprovação de tratados e convenções internacionais sobre direitos humanos como equivalentes às emendas constitucionais, nos termos do §3º do art. 5º da Constituição, inserido pela Emenda Constitucional nº 45/04. Após a descrição crítica do panorama constitucional, doutrinário e jurisprudencial em que foi engendrado este novo dispositivo do art. 5º e o procedimento pelo qual foi aprovada a incorporação da Convenção sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência e de seu Protocolo Facultativo como equivalentes às Emendas, seguem as três partes essenciais e imprescindíveis que compõem a abordagem do tema. A primeira está voltada à caracterização da presença de uma nova manifestação de Poder Constituinte, com o objetivo de oferecer soluções coerentes e consistentemente respaldadas em um arcabouço teórico comum para toda a problemática envolvida, que será especificamente examinada a partir das questões enfrentadas na Parte II. Já a terceira parte está mais atrelada às questões materiais, ao se preocupar com o objeto da equivalência constitucional: se esta inclui todo o diploma internacional; exclusivamente os direitos humanos nele previstos; ou também normas de outra natureza, abstraindo e projetando conclusões a partir da experiência concreta da Convenção. A mais intensa contribuição para o pensamento jurídico encontra-se evidentemente na identificação de uma nova modalidade do Poder Constituinte Derivado; mas também, na conceituação das normas equivalentes às emendas constitucionais; ao se apontar o exato objeto do §3º do art. 5º, desvelando-se a complexidade dos fenômenos envolvidos na introdução da Convenção e de seu Protocolo Facultativo; na delimitação do espectro normativo das normas equivalentes às emendas constitucionais; e na obtenção de uma maior conformidade teórica com os fundamentos dos sistemas jurídicos constitucional e internacional, a partir do entrelaçamento entre as teorias do direito e do Estado; e as disciplinas do direito constitucional; internacional; e dos direitos humanos.The theory of Constitutional Amendments Equivalence of Derived Constitutional Power seeking to embrace fully the phenomenon of legal approval of international treaties and conventions on human rights as equivalent to constitutional amendments, pursuant to §3º of art. 5º of the Constitution, inserted by Constitutional Amendment nº 45/04. After critically describing the constitutional, jurisprudential and doctrinaire panorama in that was engendered in this new device of art. 5º and the procedure by which the incorporation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its Optional Protocol was approved as equivalent to the Amendments, follow three essential parts that make up the approach to the subject. The first is directed to describe the presence of a new manifestation of constituent power, with the goal of providing solutions coherent and consistently backed into a theoretical framework common to all the problems involved, which will be examined specifically from the issues faced in Part II. The third part is more tied to material issues, to worry about the object of constitutional equivalence: if this includes the entire international diploma; exclusively human rights therein, or also rules otherwise, abstracting and projecting findings from the concrete experience of the Convention. The most intense contribution to legal thought is evidently in the identification of a new type of constitutional derived power; but also in the conceptualization of equivalence to constitutional amendments norms; when pointing the exact object of §3º of art. 5º; revealing the complexity of the phenomena involved in the introduction of the Convention and its Optional Protocol; the delimitation of the spectrum of equivalent to constitutional amendments norms; and in obtaining greater theoretical conformity with the fundamentals of the constitutional and international legal systems, from entanglement between the theories of law and the State; and the disciplines of constitutional law; international law; and human rights
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Saks, David. "The failure of the Coloured Persons' Representative Council and its constitutional repercussions, 1956-1985." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015907.
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The thesis starts by providing a brief overview of South African ''Coloured" politics from the passing of Ordinance 50 in 1828 to the removal of the Cape Coloured people from the common voter's roll in 1956. It then goes on to discuss in detail the structures instituted by successive Nationalist Governments to serve as an alternative to parliamentary representation for the coloured people, the role of the various coloured political parties within such structures and the latter's gradual adaptation and development, culminating in the inauguration of the Tricameral Parliament in early 1985. The thesis is, on the one hand, a detailed record of coloured political activity following the loss of common roll voting rights in the Cape, focusing on specifically coloured political parties rather than on broader, non-ethnic resistance movements in which many coloured people took part during the same period. This covers the rise and rapid decline of a conservative grouping within the coloured community which sought to foster an exclusively coloured nationalism operating within the Government's policy of parallel development, and attempted to use the Coloured Persons' Representative Council as a means towards achieving the economic, social and political upliftment of the coloured people. It also deals with the important role of the Labour Party after 1966, showing how a moderate resistance movement carne to use the Council as a platform from which to confront the Government's apartheid policies and to render the institutions of parallel development unworkable through noncooperation and boycotting. The second important preoccupation of the thesis concerns the ambiguous and often contradictory attitudes towards the "coloured question" within the National Party itself. This ambivalence, it is argued, not only had much to do with the eventual failure of the Coloured Persons' Representative Council to become a viable substitute for Parliamentary representation acceptable to the majority of coloured people, but was also a primary cause of the National Party split in 1982. It shows too how the collapse of Grand Apartheid had its origins in the failure to incorporate the coloured population within its framework. The thesis is concerned primarily with coloured political developments. When relevant, however, the establishment and development of representative institutions for the Indian people is also dealt with, in so far as this overlaps with issues and events concerning the coloured Council. Finally, the five year period following the dissolution of the Coloured Persons' Representative Council in 1980 and the inauguration of the Tricameral Parliament in 1985 is briefly dealt with in a concluding chapter. This mainly concerns the gradual accommodation reached between the Government and the Labour Party when the latter eventually agreed, conditionally, to take part in the new constitution.
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Sloth-Nielsen, Rachel. "A Third Gender in South Africa: Does the legal non-recognition of a third gender violate non-binary transgender person's Constitutional rights to dignity and equality?" Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32350.
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This dissertation will attempt to answer question whether, in terms of the right to dignity in s10 and the prohibition of unfair discrimination in s9 of the South African Constitution, the State must recognise in law a third gender for transgender individuals who do not identify as either male or female. It does so, first, by asking whether the failure by the state to provide for the legal recognition of a third gender violates transgender person's right to dignity. Second, the enquiry proceeds to discuss whether s9(3) of the Constitution (which prohibits unfair discrimination on any ground, including on the listed grounds of sex, gender and sexual orientation) requires the state to recognise a third gender. After discussing the lived experiences of transgender persons in South Africa, the thesis reviews the terminology and concepts relevant to this area of study, in order to lay the foundation for the subsequent examination of relevant case law, the Constitutional Court's approach to dignity, and the analysis of the application of s(9)(3). I submit that transgender persons fall within the Constitutional Court's definition of a vulnerable group in that they have suffered past patterns of disadvantage, they constitute a minority in South Africa and are subject to stereotyping and bias. Despite the Constitutional Courts erroneous pronouncement that transsexualism falls under the umbrella of sexual orientation, it is argued, rather, that since the expression of their gender identity by gender nonconforming persons shares many of the characteristics of the specified grounds listed in s9(3), unfair discrimination can be found on a ground analogous to those grounds listed in the Constitution. The failure to allow for recognition of a third gender is thus under-inclusive. It cannot be justified under the limitations analysis. Further, if objections were to be raised by the state that recognition is not feasible or affordable and is, hence, justified, I conclude that because there are ways to accommodate individuals who do not identify as binary which are not unduly taxing on the State, this argument would fail.
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Rego, Arthur Paiva Monteiro. "Fundamentos constitucionais da sujeição passiva tributária." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6786.
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Previous issue date: 2015-05-11Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This dissertation investigates the personal criteria of the rule tax incidence matrix from the Constitution. As preliminary aspects for theme development, philosophy of language concepts were brought forward to explain the construction of knowledge, and how to get to the crucial point of law, the rule of law. From an analytical and hermeneutical method, the structure of the rule of law was analyzed, using the lessons of Paulo de Barros Carvalho, with regard to the rule array of tax incidence, focusing on the legal relationship, precisely on personal criteria. Thus, a study was done on the tax liability, tax constitutional principles and of its relationship with personal criteria. Finally, we tried to show that there is a "constitutional recipient tribute" from the examination of the materiality of taxes put in the Constitution
Esta dissertação buscou investigar o critério pessoal da regra-matriz de incidência tributária a partir da Constituição da República. Como aspectos preliminares para desenvolvimento do tema, foram trazidas noções da filosofia da linguagem, na tentativa de explicar a construção do conhecimento, sendo forma de se chegar ao elemento basilar do Direito a norma jurídica. A partir de um método analítico e hermenêutico, foi analisada a estrutura da norma jurídica, utilizando-se das lições de Paulo de Barros Carvalho, no que se refere à regra-matriz de incidência tributária, focando na relação jurídica, mais precisamente no critério pessoal. Assim, foi feito um estudo sobre a obrigação tributária, os princípios constitucionais tributários e qual a relação deste com o critério pessoal. Por fim, tentou-se demonstrar que há um destinatário constitucional do tributo a partir do exame das materialidades dos tributos postas na Constituição
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Gabela, Zandile Sebenzile. "The Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) case as a model for the protection of the right to health in Africa, with particular reference to South Africa and Cameroon." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1144.
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"The Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) case, as a model for Africa, marks a positive step in protecting the right to health, particularly pregnant women and their infants. It provides a rich jurisprudence on protection of the right to health in Africa, and particularly in the context of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The TAC case definitely portrays the strength and role of an independent judiciary in the enforcment of constitutional rights such as socio-economic rights. The competence, legitimacy and power of the courts to pronounce on the constitutional validity of socio-economic rights justifies that it is indeed a model for the enforcemnt of the right to health in Africa. However, the right to health is not justiciable in many African constitutions. It is submitted that failure to address human rights violations, particularly the right to health, fuels the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This calls for government to take measures to protect the rights of persons living with HIV/AIDS, particularly women. The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR), of which most African countries are state parties to, obligates states parties to take necessary measures to give effect to the rights enshrined therein, including socio-economic rights. Socio-economic rights, in most African countries, including particularly Cameroon, are not constitutionally protected as justiciable rights. Thus, the jurisprudence of the TAC case could inspire African countries whose legislation and case law on socio-economic rights are underdeveloped, to make use of the jurisprudence issued by the Court in this field. The TAC case could also be used to persuade national courts to enforce socio-economic rights, given the prevalence of socio-economic rights violations in Africa. Thus, in this regard, it will be argued that governments have a fundamental obligation to ensure that the right to health is respected, protected, promoted and fulfilled as provided in regional and international human rights instruments. ... Chapter 1 of this study highlights the structure of the whole study. Chapter 2 provides an in-depth analysis of the TAC case, the basis of the ratio decidendi of the TAC case. The analysis includes the implications of the TAC case on the SA government. Chapter 3 reviews the application of international and regional human rights instruments protecting the right to health, and how these instruments are interpreted by human rights treaty monitoring bodies and municipal courts to impose on the state the duty to protect the right to health. Section 27 of the Constitution is also lightly considered. The discussion concentrates on the relevance of these norms and jurisprudence to the protection of the right to health in the context of HIV/AIDS in South Africa. The thrust of the theory of separation of powers is extensively discussed on the basis that the right to health encompasses seeking redress whenever it is violated. Thus, the study explores the judicial role in the HIV/AIDS era, to ensure that the right to health is enforced. However, it is noted that judicial independence and the theory of separation of powers, amongst others, may impede the enforcement of the right to health when it is challenged. Chapter 4 evaluates the Cameroon approach to the right to health in the Constitution, and seeks to find answers as to whether the judiciary has capacity and expertise to impose on the government the obligation to respect, protect and fulfill the right to health. Furthermore, the reasons are provided as to why the TAC case serves as a model for Africa. Chapter 5 is a summary of the conclusions drawn from the whole study and makes some recommendations." -- Introduction.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2005.
Prepared under the supervision of Dr. A.N. Atangcho at the Association for the Promotion of Human Rights in Central Africa (APDHAC), Catholic University of Central Africa, Catholic Institute, Yaounde, Cameroon
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Larsson, Katarina. "Vem bär ansvar för Somalias internflyktingar?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-34772.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine the rights of internally displaced persons as well as finding out whose responsibility it is to maintain these rights. The questions being answered are: what policies, laws and conventions are addressing internally displaced persons in Somalia (mainly from within Somalia, UN and AU)? And; which principal similarities and differences in these documents are to find regarding what type of protection internally displaced persons can get? Whose responsibility is it to intervene if these rights and rules are not maintained? To answer these questions I have used a liberal-universal theoretical framework. The analysis is a describing case study of comparative nature between the Provisional Somalia Constitution, UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the Kampala Convention. The result shows that there are many different rights of internally displaced persons in Somalia. Instead the problem seems to be based on the rights not being maintained in combination with the complex question of whose responsibility it is.
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Borea, Rieckhof Costanza. "Disability and human rights." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/108818.
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All persons are subjects of law, but not everyone has the “capacity” to fully exercise them. On this basis, people with disabilities have seen their opportunities for development as human beings limited.Why it that people with disabilities have been historically marginalized by the Law? In this article, the author presents a detailed analysis on the subject, including the legal paradigm change that was the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.Todas las personas somos sujetos de Derecho, perono todos tenemos la “capacidad” para poder ejercerlos plenamente. Bajo este argumento, las personas con discapacidad han visto limitadas sus posibilidades de desarrollarse como seres humanos.¿Por qué las personas con discapacidad han sido históricamente marginadas por el Derecho? En el presente artículo, la autora nos presenta un detallado análisis sobre la materia, incluyendo el cambio de paradigma jurídico que supuso la adopción de la Convención sobre los Derechos de la Personacon Discapacidad.
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Yassin, Mahi Mariam. "Mellan politisk övergång och klan : En fallstudie av Somalias försök till inrättandet av ett demokratiskt valsystem och relaterade motstånd." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176926.
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The aim of this study was to see what the fundamental efforts were to bring about a democratic electoral system in Somalia? What are the significant obstacles in relation to the planned electoral system and what can the clan, the constitution and external actors mean in this context? What efforts can be made to introduce a democratic electoral system? This study was conducted by using five semi-structured interviews and material collected on Somalia’s history, current state, and clan society. This paper concludes that there are different factors such as the International Community, the federal member states, Clan representatives, and major donors, which have had an effect on the democratization process in Somalia. Furthermore, it shows that the main problem is the application of the Constitution that is being hindered by the political elite and the federal member states. This research suggests several measures that must be enforced to carry out a democratic election, 1. A will from the political elite to speed up the process around the new electoral system, 2. The Constitution process must continue and be implemented, 3. Stable institutions, laws and regulation must be implemented, 4. The country’s security must be strengthened. This study discovers that Somalia is in the decision phase in accordance with Rustow’s transition theory, where the country is slowly but surely applying democratic principles and rules into the Constitution.
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Malherbe, Ethel Denise. "Intergenerational solidarity and the provision of support and care to older persons." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3503_1274312139.
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This thesis deals with a very important issue in South African society, i.e. the provision of financial and non-cash support to older persons. Older persons in South Africa can be described as a sizeable but vulnerable group requiring specific protection. Section 27 of the South African Constitution of 1996 obliges the state to take reasonable legislative and other measures within available resources to progressively realise the right of access to social security. Hence, the steps taken by the state to promote older persons&rsquo
right of access to social security and to protect their right to dignity need to be evaluated. The legislative framework for the provision of financial and non-cash support to older persons currently is fragmented into various statutes dealing with retirement income, state grants to older persons and care and support services for older persons. Therefore, the current legislation lacks an integrated approach to the provision of support and care to older persons, as well as a central principle on which to base future legislation concerning older persons. One such principle that could potentially be adopted is intergenerational solidarity, which can be described as the solidarity between the active working-age population, as one generation, from which benefits flow to older persons as the other. This thesis evaluates whether intergenerational solidarity should form the basis of South African legislation on the provision of retirement income and the provision of care and support to older persons, and if so, whether it in fact does. If the answer to the latter is in the negative, the thesis further examines whether the current process to reform the retirement income system and related legislation in South Africa would be a suitable platform to introduce the concept of intergenerational solidarity to legislation concerning older persons.
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Lima, Torrado Jesús. "The legitimacy of the theorical, systematic and practical study of Human Rights foundation." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118240.
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What this study proposes is, first, to state the essential questions the foundation of human rights. Secondly, we will answer to the problem of the theoretical, systematic and practical relevance of the foundation of human rights. It concludes with the idea of the need to base the rights from the ethics, philosophy of law, legal science and Sciences on the law as an instrument to consolidate the necessary link between theory and praxis and consequently as an instrument of guarantee rights.Lo que se propone este trabajo es, en primer lugar, enunciar las preguntas esenciales que plantea la fundamentación de los derechos humanos. En segundo lugar, responderemos al problema de la legitimidad teórica, sistemática y práctica de la fundamentación de los derechos humanos. Se concluye con la idea de la necesidad de fundamentar los derechos desde la Ética, la Filosofía del Derecho, la Ciencia Jurídica y las Ciencias sobre el Derecho como instrumento de consolidar la necesaria unión entre teoría y praxis y, consiguientemente, como instrumento de garantía de los derechos.
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Ouali, Dorra. "L'immatriculation au registre du commerce : étude des droits tunisien et français." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D080/document.
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Le registre du commerce présente le double aspect d'institution civile et d'institution de police. L'intérêt privé des tiers et l'intérêt public de l’État sont simultanément présents et protégés. Mais, on peut se demander si les rédacteurs de la loi relative au registre du commerce n'ont pas créé une situation délicate en ne tenant pas en compte suffisamment le souci de la sécurité juridique. La réponse à cette question est tributaire de l’étude des effets juridiques attachés à l'immatriculation. On envisage une étude comparative du droit tunisien et du droit français à travers laquelle on a pu constater qu'une définition de l'immatriculation par l'effet constitutif n'est pas apte à appréhender cette institution dans son ensemble. Il s’agit d’une notion ambivalente. Elle est ambivalente quant à son rôle à cause de l'hétérogénéité de son effet constitutif et de la diversité de ses effets. Elle est aussi ambivalente quant à sa finalité puisque le souci de la protection individuelle des tiers ne constitue pas son objectif prioritaire. D'abord, une certaine existence juridique est reconnue à la société avant son immatriculation. Il existe même une notion particulière de personnalité morale, dite à la fois judiciaire et processuelle, forgée par le juge civil pour les besoins du procès et en dehors de toute formalité d'immatriculation. Ensuite, le contrôle auquel est soumise l'immatriculation demeure un contrôle formel ; il n'empêche pas l'annulation de la société immatriculée. Enfin, l'immatriculation ne purge pas les irrégularités de la situation extériorisée aux tiers, elle crée désormais, une situation appareille. A travers la technique de la présomption et celle de l'opposabilité mises en œuvre par l'immatriculation, le législateur prend la défense de l'apparence sur la réalité. Il admet aussi la qualification de fait d'une situation non immatriculée. Cependant, les règles régissant l'immatriculation et le défaut d'immatriculation paraissent être insuffisantes. D'une part, elles ne peuvent régler tous les litiges, d'où l'intérêt du recours à la théorie d'apparence afin d'assurer aux tiers de bonne foi une sécurité absolue, D'autre part, la prise en considération de la situation de fait s'avère inutile puisqu'on a noté une assimilation quasi-complète entre le commerçant non immatriculé et celui immatriculé. Le contraste est saisissant avec la notion de société de fait puisque c'est le législateur qui accepte de l'assimiler à la société de droit. Pour faire face au risque de perturber l'ordre juridique engendré par cette assimilation, le législateur a favorisé la régularisation de la situation à travers l'injonction d'immatriculation et l'immatriculation d'office. Puisque ces mesures sont réservées aux seules personnes physiques, se pose alors avec acquitté la question de les généraliser pour intéresser même les sociétés non immatriculéesThe register of commerce entails a dual aspect of both a civil institution and of an administrative police. The private interest of the third party as well as the public interest of the State are simultaneously present and safeguarded. Nevertheless, one might ask if the drafters of the law pertaining to the register of commerce have set up a critical situation by not taking into account sufficient concern for the legal security. The answer to this question depends on the study of the legal effects linked to registration. The target of this paper is to provide a comparative study of the Tunisian law and French law whereby it has been found that a definition of the registration by its constituent effect is not able to tackle this institution as a whole. It is about an ambivalent registration concept. It is ambivalent as to its role because of the heterogeneity of its constituent effects and the diversity of these effects. It is also ambivalent as to its purpose, since protecting the third party is not its priority. First, a certain legal existence is admitted to the company before its registration. There exists even a particular notion of the artificial entity of the company which is considered both procedural and legal, advocated by the judge in order to satisfy the needs of the case far away from the registration formalities. Moreover, the control that registration is subject to prove to be a very formal one i.e. it does not prevent the dissolution of the registered company. Finally, registration does not purify the anomalies of the situation that a third party may face as it creates as such an apparent situation. Through the presumption technique as well as the opposability implemented by registration, the legislator is much more defending the appearance than the reality. The legislator also acknowledges a qualification of a nonregistered situation. However, registration rules as well as its defects turn to be insufficient. On the one hand, it does not solve all lawsuits, which makes the theory of appearance the best guarantee of an absolute security for third parties. On the other hand, taking into account a de facto situation turns to be useless as we have noticed a quasi-complete assimilation between a registered trader and a non-registered one. The contrast is striking with the notion of the de facto situation since the legislator has accepted to treat it in the same way as a registered company. In order to avoid the disturbance of legal order caused by this simulation, the legislator opted for a peaceful settlement of the conflicting situation through either a judge or a court order for registration. Since these measures are the prerogatives of a physical person, the question to tackle is to what extent these measures can be extended to suit the interests of the non-registered companies
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Louis-Sidney, Marguerite. "Régularisation foncière de l’occupation sans titre de la propriété des personnes publiques dans les collectivités territoriales de l’article 73 de la Constitution." Thesis, Antilles, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANTI0498.
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L’occupation sans titre porte atteinte au droit de propriété des personnes publiques sur leurs domaines public et privé. Il s’agit de faits récurrents dans les collectivités territoriales de l’article 73 de la Constitution que sont la Guadeloupe, la Martinique, la Guyane, La Réunion, et Mayotte. Pour juguler cette occupation illégale, vectrice d’insécurité juridique et foncière, nonobstant l’atteinte portée à leur droit de propriété, ces personnes publiques procèdent à des régularisations foncières axées sur la délivrance ou la validation d’un titre de propriété au profit des occupants sans titre de leur domaine public, dont la zone des cinquante pas géométriques, grâce à des dispositifs légaux, et de leur domaine privé, grâce à des dispositifs locaux. Ces procédures de régularisation sont-elles appropriées pour répondre de manière définitive à l’objectif du législateur de juguler l’occupation sans titre outre-mer, dans les collectivités territoriales de l’article 73 de la Constitution, et ne constituent-t-elles pas la légitimation d’une atteinte portée au droit de propriété des personnes publiques = ? Devant la persistance de l’occupation sans titre outre-mer, il conviendrait de passer d’une régularisation foncière à moyens inégaux à une régularisation d’intérêt public, mieux encadrée. La régularisation foncière est une limite nécessaire au droit de propriété, dont le fondement est dans la volonté du propriétaire, dans l’intérêt public, voire dans l’utilité publique. Adossée au respect de la dignité humaine et au droit au logement digne, elle induit une amélioration de ses outils, et contribue à l’émergence d’un véritable droit de la régularisation foncière outre-merUntitled occupancy infringes the property rights of public persons in their public and private domains. These are recurrent facts in the local authorities of Article 73 of the Constitution: Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyana, Reunion, and Mayotte. To curb this illegal occupation, which is the vector of legal and land insecurity, notwithstanding the infringement of their property rights, these public persons carry out land regularizations focused on the issuance or validation of a title of property for the benefit of untitled people of their public domain, including the fifty geometric steps zone, through legal arrangements, and their private domain, through local arrangements. However, the question is: are these regularization procedures appropriate to definitively respond to Parliament's objective of curbing untitled overseas occupation in local authorities of Article 73 of the Constitution and, on the contrary, do they not constitute the legitimization of an infringement on the property rights of public persons? Given the persistence of untitled occupation overseas, it would be appropriate to move from unequal land regularization to public interest land regularization, better regulated. Land regularization is a necessary limit to the right of ownership, the basis of which is in the will of the owner, in the public interest, or even in the public utility. Backed by respect for human dignity and the right to dignified housing, it leads to an improvement in its tools, and contributes to the emergence of a real right of land regularization overseas
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N'Takpé, Adjoua Marie-Hortense. "La société anonyme unipersonnelle en droit OHADA : étude critique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0097.
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Le régime juridique de la société anonyme unipersonnelle (SAU) de droitOHADA est défini par renvoi au régime prévu pour la SA pluripersonnelle, avec desadaptations minimales. En réalité, le caractère unipersonnel de la SA lui confère une certaineparticularité qui rend inappropriée la transposition pure et simple des règles du modèlepluripersonnel. Outre les difficultés d’application qu’elle entraîne souvent, la technique durenvoi laisse irrésolues de nombreuses questions suscitées par l’unipersonnalité. Le régimejuridique de la SAU dans son ensemble en ressort insuffisamment adapté à l’unicitéd’actionnaire.Une adaptation du régime juridique de la SAU de droit OHADA au particularisme del’unipersonnalité devient alors nécessaire. Elle doit être entreprise sous fond de simplificationdes règles, d’une part à l’égard de la société, à travers les règles relatives à sa constitution et àson évolution, d’autre part, à l’égard des acteurs que sont l’actionnaire unique, les organesd’administration et de contrôle.Au-delà de son approche critique, l’étude a surtout pour ambition de proposer unmodèle de société anonyme unipersonnelle au régime juridique plus lisible, simple et attractifThe one-person limited company under the OHADA LAW has seen itslegal regime being defined with reference to the regime of the multi-persons limited company,with minimum adaptations. In fact the one-person character of the Limited company gives it a certain peculiarity that renders inappropriate the pure and simple transportation of rules of the multi-person limited company model. Besides the difficulty of implementation that it oftenentails, the technique of referring leaves unresolved many questions raised by the one-personlimited company model. The legal regime of the one-person limited company as a whole thatarises is insufficiently adapted to the unique shareholder.An adaptation of the one-person limited company legal regime of the OHADA LAWto the particularity of the one-person thus becomes necessary. It has to be undertaken underthe simplification of rules, on the one hand with regards to the company, through rules relatedto its constitution and its evolution, on the other hand, with respect to the actors that are thesole shareholders, administrative and control bodies
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Soares, Ricardo Maurício Freire. "O discurso constitucional da dignidade da pessoa humana: uma proposta de concretização do direito justo no pós-positivismo brasileiro." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da UFBA, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10500.
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O pós-positivismo oferece um paradigma metodológico mais compatível com o funcionamento dos sistemas jurídicos contemporâneos, reafirmando os laços éticos privilegiados entre o direito e a moralidade social. Nesse contexto, a dignidade da pessoa humana, antes mesmo de seu reconhecimento jurídico nas Declarações Internacionais de Direito e nas Constituições de diversos países, figura como um valor, que brota da experiência histórica e cultural de cada sociedade humana. O princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana importa o reconhecimento e a tutela de um espaço de integridade física e moral de todo ser humano, que deve ser assegurado por sua existência no mundo, relacionando-se tanto com a manutenção das condições materiais de subsistência, quanto com a preservação dos valores espirituais do indivíduo. O Discurso constitucional da dignidade da pessoa humana inaugura uma nova etapa do desenvolvimento da ciência jurídica brasileira, visto que permite a realização de uma justiça concreta, com a superação das posições tradicionais do jusnaturalismo e do positivismo jurídico, conciliando as exigências de legalidade e legitimidade do Estado Democrático. A dignidade da pessoa humana torna-se, assim, o centro de um sistema constitucional baseado na idéia de justiça, fundamentando e legitimando um novo significado para o Direito justo. O princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana permite reconstruir o modo de compreensão e aplicação dos direitos fundamentais no sistema jurídico brasileiro, potencializando a realização da justiça ao oportunizar: a aceitação da aplicabilidade direta e imediata dos direitos fundamentais; o reconhecimento da fundamentalidade dos direitos sociais; a inadequação dos conceitos de “reserva do possível” no constitucionalismo brasileiro; a aceitação da idéia de vedação ao retrocesso no campo dos direitos fundamentais; e a recusa à hipertrofia da função simbólica dos direitos fundamentais. Ademais, o respeito à dignidade da pessoa humana exige o reconhecimento de um novo processo legal, que desponta como o instrumento capaz de materializar e tutelar o respeito à existência digna no âmbito dos conflitos concretos de interesses.
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Hurpy, Hélène. "Fonction de l'autonomie personnelle et protection des droits de la personne humaine dans les jurisprudences constitutionnelles et européenne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1015.
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Le concept d'autonomie personnelle est apparu récemment dans l'ordre juridique européen, comme la faculté pour la personne humaine de mener sa vie comme elle l'entend. Ce concept trouve son ancrage dans un système juridique en pleine mutation, tiraillé entre deux traditions, l'une anglo-saxonne qui constitue un modèle autonomique de protection des droits de la personne, et l'autre continentale, plus paternaliste. Le rôle des juges constitutionnels européens et des organes de la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme s'est révélé décisif pour faire émerger la notion d'autonomie personnelle au sein de l'ordre juridique, et pour l'ériger progressivement en principe matriciel des droits fondamentaux. La prise en considération de l'autonomie personnelle vise, en effet, à modifier la protection juridique de la personne humaine, qui n'est plus générale et abstraite mais ajustée et concrète, répondant ainsi aux enjeux actuels de la protection des droits de l'homme et de la réalité sociale.Le but de cette étude est d'analyser la fonction de l'autonomie personnelle, vecteur d'intégration sociale de toute personne humaine, et élément participatif au pluralisme interne essentiel à une société démocratique. L'analyse porte sur les avancées permises par la reconnaissance de l'autonomie personnelle dans la protection des droits individuels et dans ceux des minorités. Malgré certaines réticences doctrinales, cette fonction se révèle limitée dans la remise en cause des valeurs sociales qu'elle pouvait induire, mais elle s'avère primordiale au développement de la protection des droits de la personne humaineThe concept of personal autonomy recently appeared in the European justice system as a means by which people can lead their lives as they wish. This concept has its roots in an evolving justice system, torn between two traditions: the Anglo-Saxon model of individual rights; and the paternalist Continental approach. The role of constitutional European judges and the inner-workings of the European Convention on Human Rights has proved decisive for the development of the idea of personal autonomy which lies at the heart of the justice system, and its evaluation within the matrix of fundamental rights. Taking into account personal autonomy aims to effectively alter the judicial protection of the rights of the person which is no longer general and abstract but rather concrete and refined, and also addresses current issues of the protection of human rights and the reality of society.The aim of this study is to analyse the function of personal autonomy and the direction of human social interaction and the participative element of internal pluralism which is essential to a democratic society. The analysis focuses on advances permitted by the recognition of personal autonomy in the protection of individual rights and those of minorities. In spite of some doctrinal reluctance, this function proves limited in light of questions regarding social values which it might raise, but it proves essential to the development of the protection of the rights of the person
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Duffy, Maureen T. "The U.S. immigration detentions in the war on terror : impact on the rule of law." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82658.
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The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, resulted in dramatic legal changes in the U.S. As part of its investigation into the attacks, the U.S. Government detained approximately 5,000 "aliens" from predominantly Muslim countries. These detentions were characterized by minimal, and sometimes non-existent, habeas corpus and due-process protections. During times of crisis, care should be taken that panic not be allowed to prevail over long-cherished constitutional values. This thesis examines Government actions in light of constitutional principles to examine the larger question of whether the War on Terror detention practices have permanently undermined the rule of law in the U.S.The factual and legal scenarios in this area have been changing at a rapid rate, and they will certainly continue to change. Those constant changes have presented a special challenge in writing this thesis. The facts and legal scenarios described herein, therefore, are current as of January 31, 2005.
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Bragato, Fernanda Frizzo. "Pessoa humana e direitos humanos na constituição brasileira de 1988 a partir da perspectiva pós-colonial." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2009. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2494.
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Previous issue date: 16Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Ao assumir expressamente o princípio da dignidade humana como fundamento da República Federativa do Brasil, a Constituição de 1988 consagrou um corpo de direitos voltados à proteção da pessoa humana que ocupa, portanto, posição central no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Compreender a razão de ser dos direitos humanos e da centralidade da pessoa humana no texto constitucional implica antes reconhecer que existe um discurso hegemônico que pressupõe que o ocidente criou e desenvolveu essa idéia e, após tê-la amadurecido suficientemente, exportou-a para os demais países do mundo. Valores individualistas ganharam espaço no mundo moderno e contemporâneo, fundando um modelo de sociedade baseado na exclusão, na agressividade e no estranhamento. Nesse sentido, os direitos humanos passaram a ser vistos como a continuidade de um processo de expansão de questionáveis valores ocidentais, após o fim do período colonialista que sucedeu a Segunda Guerra Mundial, constituindo, dessa forma, a derivação de um projeto genuiname
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Trindade, Sérgio Carvalho. "Direito fundamental ao ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado enquanto elemento indispensável da dignidade da pessoa humana." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2011. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/546.
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O presente estudo tem por objeto a qualidade ambiental como requisito para uma vida pautada em um dos fundamentos da Constituição, qual seja: a dignidade da pessoa humana. Necessário se faz, pois, adentrar algumas especificidades do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, sobretudo no que concerne ao seu tratamento pela Carta Republicana de 1988, bem como defender a proteção ambiental como direito humano fundamental. No contexto de uma sociedade globalizada em que a crescente preocupação com o desenvolvimento econômico se dá em detrimento da conservação do patrimônio ambiental, é imperioso que sejam adotadas políticas públicas garantidoras do tão apregoado direito fundamental ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado. O trabalho tem por escopo expor sucintamente os aspectos da fundamentalidade do direito ao ambiente sob o viés jurídico-constitucional, no intuito de que sejam instigados alguns questionamentos de ordem axiológica que gravitam em torno do tema, à luz do que preceitua a Constituição de 1988.Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-06-03T16:14:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Sergio Carvalho Trindade.pdf: 511995 bytes, checksum: 92948e049782a28753843aad55e8c8b8 (MD5)
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The present study has as purpose the environmental quality within itself as a requirement for a life grounded in one of the foundations of the Constitution, that is: the dignity of the human person. Therefore it is necessary to enter into some specificities of the dignity of the human person principle specially concerning its treatment by the Republican Letter of 1988 as well as defending the environmental protection as a fundamental human right. In the context of a globalized society in which the increasing concern with economic development occurs at the expense of conserving the environmental heritage, it is imperative that public policies are adopted in order to guarantee the so proclaimed fundamental right to an ecologically balanced environment. The work has as scope to briefly expose the fundamentality aspects of the right to the environment under the legal constitutional bias with the intent of instigating some axiological order questionings which gravitate towards the theme, in the light of what the Constitution of 1988.
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Tozo, Ricardo Rodrigo Marino. "A inserção dos tratados internacionais de direitos humanos na Constituição brasileira: uma perspectiva sobre a proteção da dignidade da pessoa humana." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6708.
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-26The present study aims to delineate the trajectory and the construction of Human Rights for the consequent need to materialize them in International Human Rights Treaties. From an international legal perspective solidified in the Treaties, the work seeks to evaluate the theories of reception and jurisdictionalization the Brazilian legal system, from the viewpoint of the principle of human dignity
O estudo em apreço visa delinear a trajetória e a construção dos direitos humanos para a consequente necessidade de materializá-los em tratados internacionais de direitos humanos. A partir de um plano jurídico internacional solidificado em tratados, o trabalho busca avaliar as teorias de recepção e a jurisdicionalização no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro sob a ótica do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana
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Nery, Sebastiao Araújo. "Educação infantil como direito fundamental à formação da criança: contornos do conteúdo do direito exigível." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6968.
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Este trabalho objetiva apreender os sentidos contidos nos artigos da Constituição Federal de 1988 que tratam da Educação Nacional e em particular da Educação Infantil. Procura relacioná-los ao modo como o sistema brasileiro, por meio das legislações educacionais: Plano Nacional de Ensino PNE; Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Fundamental; Diretrizes Nacionais de Qualidade à Educação Infantil, Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional Lei 9394/96 e outros; executa as políticas direcionadas à Educação Infantil.
Do mesmo modo na discussão acerca do referido documento busca-se a tradução do pleno desenvolvimento da pessoa humana nos textos sobre a qualidade na Educação. Para isso analisa o tratamento da criança, sob a perspectiva dos direitos fundamentais, fixando-se no Direito à Educação Infantil como um Direito à formação Integral da Criança e os contornos do conteúdo do direito exigível para tal fim.
Para se alcançar tal objetivo parte da ideia, principalmente de Immanuel Kant, sobre a importância de o processo educativo acompanhar a experiência da criança. Assim, a educação por esse viés não pode ser meramente mecânica e nem se fundamentar no raciocínio puro, tendo em vista que nesta linha o sujeito passa a ser alheio à sua realidade. Logo, a educação por esse parâmetro não contribuirá para a superação das condições de heteronomia; por isso, deve se apoiar em princípios empíricos correlacionados à categoria do sensível para atingir o inteligível que as leis e/ou normas predispõem à área educacional. Neste aporte tratamos sobre a condição e os aspectos da condição humana em busca da autonomia. Nessa perspectiva encontram-se as defesas de Kant e de Paulo Freire, Edgard Morin, Vicente Zatti, Hannah Arendt e outros, pois para ambos a autonomia se dá justamente quando o cidadão segue a lei universal que sua própria razão determina, respeitando a liberdade de cada um. Prossegue analisando as disposições legais pertinentes à Educação Infantil e como o Direito articula e estrutura os fundamentos educacionais para atingir as metas qualitativas, de defesa da cidadania, do desenvolvimento pleno da pessoa humana. Por fim, ainda pela perspectiva do Direito como se dão os contornos e conteúdos voltados à Educação Infantil à formação da criança e os modos como exigi-los para a concretização efetiva dessa modalidade de ensino.
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Armah, Benedicta. "The right of women with psycho-social disabilities to access mental health care in South Africa : a critical analysis." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/36793.
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Huskanovic, Edina. "Förtal mot juridisk person och bristen på effektiva rättsmedel i svensk rätt : Ett skadeståndsrättsligt perspektiv." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Affärsrätt, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-147554.
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Sammanfattning Yttrandefriheten utgör en av grundbultarna i en demokratisk rättsstat. I svensk rätt är den grundlagsskyddade yttrandefriheten, reglerad i TF och YGL, starkt förankrad. De inskränkningar som får göras i denna bygger på noggranna överväganden. Att utpeka annan fysisk person såsom brottslig, klandervärd i sitt levnadssätt eller eljest lämna uppgift som är ägnad att utsätta denna för andras missaktning utgör förtal. Förtal är såväl ett yttrandefrihetsbrott enligt 7 kap. 4 § p. 14 TF, som ett brott mot person enligt 5 kap. 1–2 §§ BrB. Det som den svenska förtalsregleringen syftar till att skydda är den objektiva äran: anseendet, det goda namnet och ryktet hos det potentiella offret. I svensk rätt har intagits en ståndpunkt om att juridiska personer inte är berättigade till ett rättsligt skydd vid förtal, eftersom förtalet inte anses angripa någons anseende. Införandet av ett straffrättsligt ansvar vid förtal mot juridisk person har föreslagits, men avfärdats med motiveringen att det skulle utgöra en omotiverad inskränkning i yttrandefriheten. I vissa utländska rättssystem, vilka upprätthåller en stark yttrandefrihet, åtnjuter juridiska personer dock ett rättsligt skydd mot förtal genom straffrättslig eller civilrättslig lagstiftning. Juridiska personer åtnjuter därtill flertalet grundläggande ekonomiska och personliga fri- och rättigheter inom unions- och konventionsrätten. Av nämnda fri- och rättigheter är rätten till effektiva rättsmedel av särskild betydelse. Därtill är medlemsstater i Europeiska unionen (EU) skyldiga att tillhandahålla effektiva rättsmedel till enskilda för att säkra ett effektivt domstolsskydd. Det har ännu inte prövats huruvida en särskild civilrättslig skadeståndsreglering vid förtal mot juridisk person bör införas i svensk rätt, i syfte att skapa ett effektivt rättsmedel som är mindre benäget att inskränka yttrandefriheten. I förevarande framställning konstateras att juridiska personer åtnjuter ett kommersiellt anseende och ett rykte som kan bli föremål för kränkningar genom förtal. Skadeverkningarna av förtal är i huvudsak ekonomiska. Svensk rätt, avseende bristen på rättsmedel vid förtal mot juridisk person, är oförenlig med unions- och konventionsrätten, eftersom den riskerar att direkt kränka juridiska personers grundläggande fri- och rättigheter. I svensk rätt existerar en möjlighet att reglera förtal mot juridisk person i skadeståndslagen (1972:207). Direkta ingrepp i den grundlagsskyddade yttrandefriheten undviks därigenom. Det särskilda civilrättsliga skyddet som i förevarande framställning föreslås, bör omfatta ogrundade uppgifter som utgör anklagelser om brott vilka har begåtts inom den juridiska personens verksamhet eller i dennas namn, eller eljest ogrundade uppgifter om specifik omständighet. Det nämnda skyddet mot förtal bör kunna göras effektivt genom införandet av en särskild skadeståndsregel.
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Seidl, Ruben Marcos. "Da ação afirmativa como política de inclusão acadêmica e seus limites constitucionais." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2007. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1100.
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Previous issue date: 2007-03-29The World Conference on Racism that took place in Durban in 2001 shaped a new position of the Brazilian government concerning its policies on minorities´ protection and promotion of equality. Affirmative action policies, until then timorous, gained a new drive and several laws were rapidly arranged in order to support them. Nevertheless, many of these laws established fixed racial and social quotas, ignoring the historical process in other countries, mainly the U.S., where racial quotas had been considered unconstitutional, although other kinds of affirmative policies, somehow less belligerent, are still in place in North America. This study seeks to establish legal limits for affirmative action, taking into account not only similar experiences in other countries, but the own formation of the Brazilian people and the possibilities of promotion of equality vis-à-vis the Federal Constitution.
A Conferência Mundial contra o Racismo, realizada em Durban em 2001, marcou uma nova posição do governo brasileiro em relação às políticas de proteção a minorias e promoção da igualdade. Políticas de ação afirmativa, até então tímidas, ganharam novo impulso e diversas normas foram rapidamente promulgadas para suportá-las. Entretanto, muitas dessas normas acabaram por fixar cotas raciais e sociais, ignorando o processo histórico em outros países, marcadamente os EUA, onde cotas raciais foram consideradas inconstitucionais, embora outras políticas menos contundentes de ação afirmativa ainda continuam sendo promovidas. A pesquisa procura estabelecer limites das ações afirmativas, levando em conta não apenas as experiências de outros países, mas a própria formação do povo brasileiro e as possibilidades de promoção da igualdade vis-à-vis a Constituição Federal.
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Moraes, Carlos Eduardo Guerra de. "A Teoria da assunção do risco e a prática esportiva, análise à luz do direito civil-constitucional." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4295.
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O presente trabalho analisa a teoria da assunção do risco, que se originou no Direito francês com influência do commow Law, aplicável na atividade desportiva à luz dos princípios e valores do Direito Civil-Constitucional. O risco é estudado a partir dos conceitos de liberdade e dignidade, demonstrando que a liberdade não é absoluta, limitada pela dignidade. Nesta acepção, surge o risco, inerente à natureza humana, que é fruto da liberdade, portanto, também, pela dignidade. Na atividade desportiva, o risco é inseparável, o atleta na busca pela superação o assume naturalmente. Assim, a teoria da assunção do risco só se legitima, se presentes o respeito aos valores e princípios constitucionais, principalmente, a dignidade e aceitabilidade social, fatores vitais no estudo dos danos causados na prática desportiva. Por fim, se legítima a aceitação do risco, haverá exclusão do nexo causal.This study analyzes the theory assumption of risk, which originated in French law with influence of commow law, applicable in the sporting activity base of the principles and values of the civil law-Constitutional. The risk is studied based on the concepts of freedom and dignity, showing that freedom is not absolute, limited dignity. In sports, as the risk is inseparable from the athlete in the pursuit of overcoming the naturally assume.
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Kindel, Marcelo. "A constitucionalização do direito privado e os seus reflexos na propriedade imobiliária rural à luz da principiologia constitucional." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4447.
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Com o desfecho do período submetido ao Direito Natural e o consequente surgimento do modelo de conformação estatal, aparecem com ele a segmentação entre o público e o privado e entre nacionais e estrangeiros. Sendo o território questão de interesse nacional, toca a cada Estado soberano decidir sobre como tratar a aquisição de imóveis por estrangeiros. Embora seja relevante uma análise comparativa sobre a condução do tema em outros países, a temática será desenvolvida sob a perspectiva do Direito brasileiro. Trata-se de tema que, de forma inerente, envolve Direito Privado e Direito Público. Afinal, a propriedade encontra respaldo tanto na Constituição Federal quanto no Código Civil, o que demanda uma análise da Constitucionalização do Direito (Privado), logo, do movimento dicotômico vislumbrado entre estas ramificações do Direito ao longo do tempo. Em uma sociedade transnacional de complexidade extrema, como a hoje experimentada, verificam-se significativas mudanças na concepção de ser humano, enquanto indivíduo, enquanto integrante da sociedade e enquanto partícipe da figura do Estado. Nesse cenário, aparece o específico e conturbado tratamento dado à pessoa jurídica brasileira equiparada a estrangeira, no tocante à imposição das restrições. A sua viabilidade passa pela inarredável leitura hermenêutica da influência da garantia fundamental da função social da propriedade, pautada no fundamento da dignidade da pessoa humana, na nova visão de propriedade inaugurada no século XXI. Ao pretender sejam impostas às pessoas jurídicas brasileiras as restrições típicas de aquisição de imóvel rural por estrangeiros, uma série de medidas precisam ser planejadas e implementadas.
With the outcome of the period referred to the Natural Law and the consequent emergence of the state conformation model, appear with him the segmentation between the public and private and between nationals and foreigners. Being the territory issue of national interest, touches every sovereign state to decide how to treat the acquisition of real estate by foreigners. Although relevant a comparative analysis on the driving theme in other countries, the theme will be developed from the perspective of Brazilian law. It is a topic that inherently involves private law and public law. After all, the property is supported by both the Federal Constitution and the Civil Code, which requires an analysis of the Constitutionalization of (Private) Law, so thus dichotomous glimpsed movement between these branches of the law over time. In a transnational society of extreme complexity, as experienced today, are reported to be significant changes in the conception of human being as an individual, as a member of society and as a participant in the figure of the State. In this scenario, appears the particular and troubled treatment given to Brazilian entity treated as foreign, concerning the imposition of restrictions. Its viability passes by the unmoved hermeneutic reading of the influence of the fundamental guarantee of the social function of property, based on the grounding of the dignity of the human person, in the new view of property opened in the XXI century. When you want the typical restrictions acquisition of rural property by foreigners are imposed on the Brazilian legal entities, a number of measures need to be planned and implemented.