Academic literature on the topic 'Personal Consumer credit'
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Journal articles on the topic "Personal Consumer credit"
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Jureviciene, Daiva, Kamile Taujanskaite, and Vytaute Sukacevskyte. "Indirect Factors Affecting Personal Solvency: Empirical Analysis Of Lithuanian Consumer Credit Market." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 1 (January 29, 2016): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n1p157.
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The aim of this article is to analyze the interrelationship between solvencies of consumer credits customers and indirect factors such as borrowing motivation as well as demographical and socioeconomic factors characterizing the borrowers’ personality. The results of this research were obtained using statistical software SPSS. Systemic scientific literature analysis, correlation analysis of randomly selected records from consumer credit contracts, Student t-test criteria application for testing hypothesis, analysis of Levine's and Pearson’s correlation criteria are used in the article. In addition, previously carried out expert evaluation research results were compared with actual consumer credit contracts data. The novelty of this research is classification of factors influencing personal solvency into direct and indirect. The influence of indirect factors (demographic, socioeconomic and borrowing motives) has been investigated in risky consumer credit market of Lithuania. The results show that the most influencing indirect factor is the purpose of consumer credit.
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Aggarwal, Nikita. "THE NORMS OF ALGORITHMIC CREDIT SCORING." Cambridge Law Journal 80, no. 1 (March 2021): 42–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197321000015.
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AbstractThis article examines the growth of algorithmic credit scoring and its implications for the regulation of consumer credit markets in the UK. It constructs a frame of analysis for the regulation of algorithmic credit scoring, bound by the core norms underpinning UK consumer credit and data protection regulation: allocative efficiency, distributional fairness and consumer privacy (as autonomy). Examining the normative trade-offs that arise within this frame, the article argues that existing data protection and consumer credit frameworks do not achieve an appropriate normative balance in the regulation of algorithmic credit scoring. In particular, the growing reliance on consumers’ personal data by lenders due to algorithmic credit scoring, coupled with the ineffectiveness of existing data protection remedies has created a data protection gap in consumer credit markets that presents a significant threat to consumer privacy and autonomy. The article makes recommendations for filling this gap through institutional and substantive regulatory reforms.
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Hendarsyah, Decky. "Analisis Perilaku Konsumen Dan Keamanan Kartu Kredit Perbankan." JPS (Jurnal Perbankan Syariah) 1, no. 1 (April 13, 2020): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.46367/jps.v1i1.204.
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This paper discusses consumer behavior and banking credit card security. Credit cards are present as one of the non-cash payment methods that simplify business and financial matters so that many consumers use them. After review and discussion, it was found that consumer behavior in using credit cards is more dominated by personal factors. With the drive for needs and lifestyle, many consumers are interested in using a credit card. The bank as a credit card issuer also provides sophisticated and multi-layered security features. Even so, it still has a gap for the presence of fraud crime in various ways and forms. In order for credit cards to be safe from crime and fraud, consumer behavior must be changed by maintaining confidentiality, caution and vigilance in conducting transactions.
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Gao, Lu, and Jian Xiao. "Big Data Credit Report in Credit Risk Management of Consumer Finance." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (June 15, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4811086.
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Traditional consumer finance is a modern financial service method that provides consumer loans to consumers of all classes. With the gradual improvement of China’s credit reporting system, big data credit reporting has effectively made up for the lack of traditional credit reporting and has been widely used in the consumer finance industry. In this context, the in-depth analysis of the specific application of big data credit reporting in the credit risk management of consumer finance and the strengthening of the research on the application of big data credit reporting in the credit risk management of consumer finance are urgently needed to be resolved in the economic and financial theoretical and practical circles’ problem. This article mainly studies the research on credit risk management of consumer finance by big data. The experimental results of this paper show that the model has a good forecasting ability, can distinguish between normal loan customers and default loan customers, and is suitable for practical personal credit risk control business. The prediction accuracy of the default model of the fusion model is 97.14%, and the default rate corresponding to the actual business is 2.86%. By combining the risk items such as the blacklist and gray list in the Internet finance industry, the bad debt rate and illegal usury can be well controlled to meet industry supervision.
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Dhika, Harry, and Fitriana Destiawati. "Application of Data Mining Algorithm to Recipient of Motorcycle Installment." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v6i4.2192.
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The study was conducted in the subsidiaries that provide services of finance related to the purchase of a motorcycle on credit. At the time of applying, consumers enter their personal data. Based on the personal data, it will be known whether the consumer credit data is approved or rejected. From 224 consumer data obtained, it is known that the number of consumers whose applications are approved is 87% or about 217 consumers and consumers whose application is rejected is 16% or as much as 6 consumers. Acceptance of motorcycle financing on credit by using the method of applying the algorithm through CRIS-P DM is the industry standard in the processing of data mining. The algorithm used in the decision making is the algorithm C4.5. The results obtained previously, the level of accuracy is measured with the Confusion Matrix and Receiver Operating characteristic (ROC). Evaluation of the Confusion Matrix is intended to seek the value of accuracy, precision value, and the value of recall data. While the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) is used to find data tables and comparison Area Under Curve (AUC).
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Hyman, Louis. "Debtor Nation: How Consumer Credit Built Postwar America." Enterprise & Society 9, no. 4 (December 2008): 614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700007552.
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It is difficult to consider debt as having a history, because it seems like debt might be, as one popular historian of money in 1917 described it, a “semi-slavery . . . [which] existed before the dawn of history, and it exists to-day.” People, in a certain sense, have always lent money to one another: to a wayward brother, across a saloon bar, to a coworker. But even by 1917, as that popular history was written in the midst of world war, the ancient personal relationship of personal debt was changing into a modern impersonal one. My dissertation is about how what we call personal debt, that is debt incurred by individuals and not by businesses, went from being owed to other people to being owed to institutions, and what this has meant at the largest level about American capitalism.
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Carlin, Bruce, Arna Olafsson, and Michaela Pagel. "Generational Differences in Managing Personal Finances." AEA Papers and Proceedings 109 (May 1, 2019): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20191011.
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In this article, we provide a descriptive account of how people from different generations vary in their use of financial management technology, their access credit markets, and how they finance consumption and incur financial costs and penalties. We use a detailed panel of transaction-level data from Iceland on individual spending, incomes, balances, and credit limits from a personal financial management software. We find that technology adoption is faster for millennials, but use of consumer credit and financial penalties are higher for older generations. While the “coholding puzzle” exists for all people, it appears to be more severe for baby boomers.
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White, Michelle J. "Bankruptcy Reform and Credit Cards." Journal of Economic Perspectives 21, no. 4 (November 1, 2007): 175–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.21.4.175.
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From 1980 to 2004, the number of personal bankruptcy filings in the United States increased more than five-fold, from 288,000 to 1.5 million per year. By 2004, more Americans were filing for bankruptcy each year than were graduating from college, getting divorced, or being diagnosed with cancer. In 2005, the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act (BAPCPA) became law. It made bankruptcy law much less debtor-friendly. Personal bankruptcy filings fell to 600,000 in 2006. This paper explores why personal bankruptcy rates rose, and will argue that the main reason is the growth of “revolving debt”—mainly credit card debt. It explains how the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act (BAPCPA) of 2005 altered the conditions of bankruptcy. Finally, this essay considers the balances that need to be struck in a bankruptcy system and how the U.S. bankruptcy system strikes these balances in comparison with other countries. I argue that a less debtor-friendly bankruptcy policy should be accompanied by changes in bank regulation and truth-in-lending rules, so that lenders have a greater chance of facing losses when they supply too much credit or charge excessively high interest rates and fees.
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Glover, Lisa. "Creditworthy: A History of Consumer Surveillance and Financial Identity in America by Josh Lauer." Journal of Intellectual Freedom and Privacy 2, no. 3-4 (April 9, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/jifp.v2i3-4.6482.
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In September of 2017 Equifax, one of the three major consumer credit reporting agencies in the United States, announced its system security had been breached and confidential consumer information may have fallen into the hands of hackers. Although reports of system intrusions are released almost daily, this breach was of particular significance: sensitive data, including personal, identifying and financial data, was compromised for an estimated 143 million consumers in the United States. Just this week, Equifax further disclosed another 15 million client records were breached in the United Kingdom. Any consumer who has received credit of any kind is familiar with the big three credit reporting agencies—Equifax, TransUnion, and Experian—as these agencies house the financial identities American consumers. With such vast data stores, credit reporting agencies are prime and potentially profitable targets for hackers. All the information a hacker needs to steal a financial identify of a victim resides in the agencies’ files. Clearly, credit reporting agencies play a critical role in the financial marketplace. How these agencies became the powerful guardians and suppliers of consumer financial information is the topic of Josh Lauer’s book, Creditworthy: A History of Consumer Surveillance and Financial Identity in America. This is the first book authored by Lauer, who is an associate professor of media studies at the University of New Hampshire with specialties in media history and theory, communication technology, consumer and financial culture, and surveillance. Lauer relates in great detail how we moved from a society of relationships and human interaction to one of faceless data designed to symbolize character and reputation. Lauer’s history takes us from a time when Americans desired access to goods and services more than they valued confidentiality, to the financial privacy concerns of these surveillance systems today.
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Ferreira, Fernando A. F., Ieva Meidutė-Kavaliauskienė, Edmundas K. Zavadskas, Marjan S. Jalali, and Sandra M. J. Catarino. "A Judgment-Based Risk Assessment Framework for Consumer Loans." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 18, no. 01 (January 2019): 7–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021962201850044x.
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Credit to personal consumption is an important activity of the financial system and crucial to the socioeconomic development of a country. It is important, therefore, that the methods and techniques used to evaluate consumer credit risk be as efficient and informative as possible, in order to strengthen decisions to approve or reject credit and promote sustainable economic growth. This study aims to create a multiple criteria expert system which integrates cognitive maps and the measuring attractiveness by a categorical-based evaluation technique (MACBETH) to create a complementary framework for consumer credit risk assessment. The results show that this integrated approach allows the evaluation process of consumer credit risk to be more informed and transparent, providing value for the evaluation processes of this type of credit application as a result of the privileged contact established with a panel of credit analysts. Advantages, limitations, and managerial implications are also discussed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Personal Consumer credit"
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Thornley, Marc. "How New Zealand's non-mortgage, individual and household debt has grown since the 1990's looking at the demographic factors behind the debt and how it compares to other OECD countries : a dissertation project submitted to AUT University in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Social Policy , 2008 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/670.
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Fairweather, Karen. "The historical development of the protection of borrowers in personal credit transactions, 1700-1974." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/22987.
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This thesis aims to chart and explain the evolution of credit practices and the law’s reaction to them vis-à-vis the protection of borrowers between 1700 and 1974. The cat-and-mouse game played out between the credit industry and the legislature, and the longstanding tension between the credit needs of the commercial community and those of the small private borrower are of central importance. This thesis is primarily historical rather than theoretical; it seeks to describe and explain legal developments over time. But, in order to illuminate this development, the law will be viewed through the lens of a simple analytical framework based on the dichotomy between public law regulation, on the one hand, and the private law of contract, on the other. Viewed through this lens, it should be possible to position the law at any given stage of its development at a particular point on a scale of ‘regulatoriness’. The framework within which these rules were originally developed was, of course, neither intentionally nor self-consciously theoretical, but that is not to say that a theoretical framework lacks utility in legal historical inquiry.
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Scott, Robert H. Sturgeon James I. "The determinants of default on credit card debt." Diss., UMK access, 2005.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Economics. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2005."A dissertation in economics and social science consortium." Advisor: James I. Sturgeon. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed June 26, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 149-161 ). Online version of the print edition.
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Spooner, J. T. "Personal insolvency law in the modern consumer credit society : English and comparative perspectives." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1419270/.
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My project considers the extent to which personal insolvency law has evolved, and should evolve, to meet the conditions of the modern consumer credit society. I illustrate how unprecedented household borrowing has become essential to sustaining macro-economic growth and household living standards, and present economic theories explaining this development, as well as the legal/regulatory norms which facilitated it. Exploring insolvency law theory (particularly ideas from law and economics), I then contrast the law’s traditional debt collection objective with the more recently developed fresh start policy in arguing that the circumstances of modern consumer over-indebtedness require a re-orientation of the law to prioritise its debt relief objective. I explore next factors influencing the development of consumer insolvency law. I contrast the laws of England and Wales, Ireland, France and Belgium, highlighting the extent to which each law is oriented towards the goals of debt collection or debt relief. Using empirical data to question theories which attribute such differences to contrasting legal traditions, social welfare systems or cultural values, I argue that political factors such as interest group influence and shifting policy salience have been more influential in shaping laws, and may occasionally impede the advancement of the fresh start policy. Next I evaluate the extent to which the realities of consumer over-indebtedness and the fresh start policy have been accepted by English policymakers, administrators and courts. My case studies focus on the conditions for access, scope of debt relief, and sanctions for culpable debtors under English personal insolvency procedures. I argue that in certain aspects English law has not departed sufficiently from its origins in commercial law and its traditional role as a debt collection mechanism. I propose reforms which would allow the law to reflect better its transformation into a de facto consumer law and its need to embrace more comprehensively the fresh start policy.
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Jacobs, Glenda. "Materialism and indebtedness of low income consumers : a survey based on South Africa's leading catalogue retailer." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1022.
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Thesis (MDevF (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the realm of consumer behaviour research, discussions regarding materialism – commonly defined as the desire to consume – indebtedness and low-income consumerism have become almost unavoidable. This is to be expected in a society where spending patterns are constantly evolving, levels of indebtedness are steadily increasing and interest in the so-called ‘bottom of the pyramid’ consumers has been heightened. In South Africa, studies have found changes in consumption and credit usage to not only be significant, but also particularly relevant amongst low-income consumers. While this changing culture of consumption has been widely acknowledged, there has been little empirical research on consumer behaviour in South Africa and even less on low-income consumerism. For this reason a study was developed, which sought to explore the relationship between materialism and indebtedness among a sample of low-income, instalment paying consumers of South Africa’s leading catalogue retailer. Through use of a mailed self-completion survey questionnaire, consumers of the targeted retailer were asked to indicate their level of materialism, as measured using a materialism scale, and to report their level of indebtedness, measured as the number of retail store accounts held. In addition, key demographic data, consisting of the respondents’ age, gender and monthly income, was drawn from the retailer’s database. Using this data the study assessed whether (i) the sampled consumers displayed strong characteristics of materialism and (ii) whether materialism is a significant variable in predicting the sampled consumers’ propensity for incurring debt. Data analysis techniques applied in this study included tests to measure the reliability of the materialism scale as well as a variety of descriptive and inferential statistical tools, designed to identify relationships in the collected data. Using these techniques, this study found that sampled low-income consumers are indeed highly materialistic, with levels of materialism observed in this study being significantly higher than in a previous materialism study where a low-income earning consumer sample was used. Regarding levels of indebtedness, regression and correlation analysis performed suggested the presence of statistically significant relationships between consumers’ levels of indebtedness and each of the demographic variables of age and gender. However, materialism and monthly income was not found to be significant variables in determining a consumer’s level of indebtedness. While the decision to delineate this study based on the consumers of one particular retailer limits the extent to which findings can be generalised to the larger South African population, the results do provide a number of important insights, which contributes to the scant body of literature on low-income consumer behaviour in this country.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Op die navorsingsveld oor verbruikersgedrag het die gesprek rondom die voorkoms van materialisme (wat gewoonlik gedefinieer word as die behoefte om te verbruik), verbruikersdruk en die skuldlas onder lae inkomstegroepe byna onvermydelik geword. Dit is te verwagte in ’n samelewing waar bestedingspatrone voortdurend ontwikkel, skuldlasvlakke aan die groei is en die belangstelling in verbruikers op die onderste vlak van die sogenaamde piramide verskerp het. Studies in Suid-Afrika dui aan dat, onder lae inkomste verbruikers, die verskille in verbruikersgedrag en kredietgebruik nie net opvallend nie maar ook besonder ter saaklik is. Hoewel die verandering in verbruikerskultuur rondom besteding reeds wyd beskryf is, is daar nog nie veel empiriese navorsing oor verbruikersgedrag gedoen nie – en nog minder onder lae inkomstegroepe. Dit is om hierdie rede dat ’n studie ontwerp is om die verhouding tussen materialisme en skuldlas te ondersoek onder ’n steekproef van lae inkomste huurkoopverbruikers van Suid-Afrika se grootste kataloguskleinhandelaar. Daar is gebruik gemaak van ’n vraelys vir die opname, wat aan die verbruikers gepos is en deur hulle ingevul is. Verbruikers is gevra om die vlak van hul materialisme aan te dui, soos gemeet volgens die gebruik van ’n skaal of maatstaf vir materialisme; en om hul skuldlas weer te gee, gemeet aan die aantal rekeninge wat hulle by kleinhandelwinkels het. Belangrike demografiese data, soos die respondente se ouderdom, geslag en maandelikse inkomste, is verkry uit die kleinhandelaar se databasis. Hierdie data is gebruik om te bepaal, (i) of die steekproefverbruikers ’n sterk neiging tot materialisme toon, en (ii) of materialisme ’n beduidende rol speel in die voorspelbaarheid van die mate waartoe die steekproefverbruikers hulle aan skuld sal blootstel. Tegnieke wat in die studie gebruik is vir data-analise sluit toetse in wat die betroubaarheid van die maatstawwe vir materialisme meet, asook ’n aantal beskrywende en afleibare statistiese metodes wat ontwerp is om verhoudings in die versamelde data te identifiseer. Deur die gebruik van hierdie tegnieke het die studie gevind dat hierdie steekproef van lae inkomste verbruikers inderdaad hoogs materialisties is, en dat die vlakke van materialisme wat waargeneem is, beduidend hoër is as wat gevind is in ’n vorige studie onder ’n steekproef van lae-inkomste verbruikers. Met betrekking tot skuldlasverpligtinge, het die regressie- en korrelasie-analise wat gedoen is die bestaan van statisties beduidende verhoudinge tussen verbruikers se skuldlasvlakke en die demografiese veranderlikes van ouderdom en geslag aangedui. Daar is egter gevind materialisme en maandelikse inkomste is nie beduidende veranderlikes in die bepaling van ’n verbruiker se skuldlas nie. Hoewel die ontwerp van hierdie studie om verbruikers van slegs ’n enkele kleinhandelaar in te sluit ’n beperking plaas op die toepasbaarheid van die bevindinge op die wyer Suid-Afrikaanse bevolking, het die resultate ’n aantal belangrike insigte verskaf wat bydra tot die klein hoeveelheid bestaande literatuur oor lae inkomste verbruikersgedrag in die land.
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Bi, Lan. "The influence of uncertainty and liquidity constraints on liquid asset holdings of credit card revolvers." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1127153217.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 174 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 154-160). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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De, Kock Stephan Glynn. "An investigation into the viability of applying regression analysis and mathematical science to enhance marketing strategies for the Woolworths financial services personal loans product." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80772.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: is a common misconception that marketing is all about advertising and other promotional activities. These activities are only part of the marketing process which is in fact about identifying the wants and needs of certain customers and satisfying them better than the competition. However, it must also be borne in mind that these needs and wants change over time as customers change positions in the customer lifecycle. The customer lifecycle of a Woolworths Financial Services personal loan customer is not unlike the generic customer lifecycle of acquisition, development and retention and as such aligns with the principles associated with this theory – acquire, develop and retain as many customers as possible at the lowest cost. The current marketing practices of Woolworths Financial Services are not targeted, focusing on the entire base of prospective customers without any differentiation between those who would most likely respond and those who would not. These practices, however, have provided the opportunity to gain valuable information about the characteristics of those who do respond and those who do not. The use of data mining and regression analysis models (developed on this data) can provide the ability to effectively predict the response curve – ranking and assigning probabilities based on customer behaviour. That being said, these probabilities are of little use if they are not used to optimise the structure of marketing campaigns by determining where to differentiate an offer or not. It is here that mathematical science provides a solution through the optimisation process – the process of computing the mix of variables that provides the best result – in this case the highest number of customers acquired, developed and retained within the constraints of a defined marketing budget. Finally, the result of this process culminates in an increase in shareholder value which would not have been achieved through existing marketing products. The risk associated with implementing this process is negligible, based on empirical evidence regarding the impact of differentiated offers on response rates and as such must be implemented wherever possible.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is ‘n algemene wanopvatting dat bemarking net oor advertensie en ander reklame aktiwitiete gaan. Hierdie aktiwiteite is slegs ‘n deel van die bemarkingsproses wat eintlik gaan oor die identifisering van die behoeftes van sekere kliënte en om hulle beter as die opposisie te kan bedien. Dit moet egter in gedagte gehou word dat die behoeftes van kliente oor tyd verander as hulle posisies skuif in die kliëntelewenssiklus. Die kliëntelewenssiklus van ‘n Woolworths Finansiële Dienste persoonlikeleningskliënt is nie anders as die gemiddelde kliëntelewensiklus van verkryging, ontwikkeling en retensie nie, en vergelyk dus met die beginsels wat met hierdie teorie geassosieer word – verkry, ontwikkel en behou so veel as moontlik kliënte teen die laagste koste. Die huidige bemarkingsprosesse van Woolworths Finansiële Dienste is nie beperk nie en fokus op die algehele moontlike kliëntebasis sonder om te onderskei tussen dié wat heel moontlik sal reageer en dié wat nie sal nie. Hierdie praktyk het egter die geleentheid geskep om waardevolle inligting te bekom oor dié wat reageer en dié wat nie reageer nie. Die gebruik van dataontleding en regressie analise modelle (ontwikkel op hierdie data) kan die vermoë skep om effektief die reaksiekurwe te voorspel – rangskikking en aanwysing van waarskynlikhede gebaseer op kliëntegedrag. Gegewe dié afleiding, is hierdie waarskynlikhede van geringe belang as dit nie aangewend word om die struktuur van die bemarkingsveldtog te optimeer deur te bepaal of ‘n aanbieding gewysig moet word of nie. Dit is hier waar wiskundige metodes ‘n oplossing bied deur die optimeringsproses – in hierdie geval die meeste kliënte wat verkry, ontwikkel en behou kan word binne die beperkinge van ‘n geïdentifiseerde bemarkingsbegroting. Ten slotte, die resultaat van hierdie proses lei tot ‘n toename in aandeelhouerwaarde wat nie moontlik sou wees deur bestaande bemarkingsprodukte nie. Die risiko met die implementering van hierdie proses is weglaatbaar klein, gebaseer op die empiriese bewyse aangaande die impak van gedifferensieerde aanbiedings op reaksiekoerse en moet dus geïmplementeer word waar moontlik.
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Cupples, William Sam. "An investigation of the behavioral, normative, and control beliefs of college students who do not intend to possess a credit card: a reasoned action approach." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34482.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Human Ecology-Personal Financial Planning
Kristy L. Pederson-Archuleta
The purpose of this dissertation was to examine the factors associated with students’ intentions to not possess and use a credit card. This dissertation focused on exploring a sample of undergraduate college students who do not possess a credit card. There is little known research on this group of students. The dissertation was directed by the following over-arching research question: The goal of this study was to explore college students’ beliefs about not possessing a credit card using the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). The research questions for this dissertation were: (a) How is personality (i.e., individual background factor) of undergraduate college students associated with their behavioral, normative, and control beliefs to not possess a credit card, (b) How are education level, age, gender, income level, religiosity, marital status, and ethnicity (i.e., social background factors) of undergraduate college students associated with their behavioral, normative, and control beliefs to not possess a credit card, and (c) How is financial knowledge (i.e., information background factor) of undergraduate college students associated with their behavioral, normative, and control beliefs to not possess a credit card. This study collected primary data. A pilot study was conducted to set the stage for the data collection of the current study. The data analysis methodology for this study consisted of the following four methods: (a) Factor Analysis, (b) Correlation Analysis, (c) MANOVA, and (d) Discriminant Function Analysis. Factor analysis identified questions were used to develop scales to measure the dependent variables. Strong reliability estimates were obtained, ranging from .84 to .94. The MANOVA test identified seven hypotheses with statistically significant results < .05. Control beliefs were significantly associated with personality. The five personality types, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness, were all found to be significantly associated with either behavioral beliefs, control beliefs, or injunctive normative beliefs. Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism were all found to be associated with control beliefs. While agreeableness was also associated with injunctive normative beliefs, openness was found to be associated with behavioral beliefs. Financial knowledge was found to be associated with control beliefs. Discriminant function analysis was performed as a confirmatory test of the results from the MANOVA test, and supported the results of the MANOVA for six of the hypotheses.
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MALBURG, LUIZA SICUPIRA. "IMPLICATIONS OF PERSONAL CREDIT USE ON HOUSEHOLD BUDGET OF LOW INCOME CONSUMERS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16210@1.
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O presente trabalho investiga a utilização do crédito concedido à população
de baixa renda e o comportamento dos membros dessa população diante da
necessidade de gerir endividamentos. O estudo se concentra na dificuldade -
atestada pelo IBGE - desses consumidores chegarem ao final do mês com seus
pagamentos em dia e com recursos para satisfazer as necessidades básicas de
consumo. O estudo se desenvolve por meio de entrevistas qualitativas, com as
quais explora a experiência e vivência do consumidor de baixa renda durante o
processo de empréstimo e gerenciamento das dívidas. As entrevistas - gravadas e
transcritas - produzem dados que são utilizados para identificar tanto os temas
relacionados ao endividamento quanto a problemática associada aos consumidores
tais como negociação de dívidas, acúmulo de dívidas, compulsividade na
utilização de cartões de crédito, controle de gastos e outros mais. O estudo mostra
que, apesar da oferta de crédito para a população de baixa renda vir sofrendo uma
significativa expansão ao longo dos anos, ela causa transtornos para pessoas que
utilizam o crédito sem planejamento rigoroso de seus gastos. Enquanto a maior
oferta pode vir a desempenhar um papel estratégico no alívio da pobreza das
classes menos favorecidas, a utilização do crédito ainda revela dificuldades
decorrentes da manipulação, implícita ou explícita, por parte das instituições que
operam nesse mercado. Além de outros resultados, o estudo salienta a necessidade
de conscientização e esclarecimento em relação à utilização do crédito e a adoção
de valores mais razoáveis tanto com relação aos juros referentes à quitação das
dívidas quanto pelos objetivos para os quais os empréstimos são concedidos.This document is a survey on the use of credit available to low income class in Brazil, and about the behavior of these consumers in managing their debts. The study focus on the difficulty - confirmed by IBGE (the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics) - this population has to get to the end of the month with their bills duly paid and still have enough resources to provide their basic needs. The study has been developed using qualitative interviews to explore the experience and the way the low income consumer faces the process, from borrowing money to the management of the debt. These interviews, recorded and transcript, produced data used to identify subjects related to indebtedness, accumulation of debt, compulsive use of credit cards, as well as the control of expenses and some others. The research shows that, in spite of the significant expansion on the offer of credit to the low income population along the years, it is a cause of trouble for people that use credit without planning carefully their expenses. While, on one hand, the larger offer of credit may play a strategic role in relieving the poverty effects in the less fortunate classes, on the other, using what could be a benefit remains difficult due to the manipulation practices that, explicit or implicitly, credit institutions operating in this sector commonly use to make business. Besides other outputs, the current study points out the need for the taker to be more conscious and to get clarification on the use of credit, but also on the adoption of more reasonable interest rates related to payment term, as well as on a careful previous analysis by the financial institution on the objectives for which the money is being lent.
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Ouedraogo, Saïdou. "Participation, coopération et développement : le cas du réseau des caisses populaires du Burkina Faso /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1994. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textBooks on the topic "Personal Consumer credit"
1
American Center for Consumer Education, ed. Credit when credit is due. 2nd ed. Rapid City, SD: Consumer Credit Counseling Service of the Black Hills, 2007.
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Strassels, Paul N. Credit when credit is due. Rapid City, S.D: Consumer Credit Counseling Service of the Black Hills, 1997.
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Williams, Terri Lynn. Personal guide to perfect credit: Unveil the mystery of credit. [Palo Alto, Calf. (212 High St. Palo Alto 95062): Software Republic, 1992.
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4
Beares, Paul. Consumer lending. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C: American Bankers Association, 1992.
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Beares, Paul. Consumer lending. Washington, D.C. (1120 Connecticut Ave., N.W., Washington 20036): Education Policy & Development, American Bankers Association, 1987.
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Beares, Paul. Consumer lending. 3rd ed. Washington, D.C: American Bankers Association, 1997.
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Corrigan, Arnold. How to use credit and credit cards. Stamford, Conn: Longmeadow Press, 1987.
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Lawrence, David B. Handbook of consumer lending. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1992.
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Beck, Richard E. Consumer lending. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Bankers Association, 2001.
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L, Farrell Kathlyn, and American Bankers Association, eds. Consumer lending. 6th ed. Washington, DC: American Bankers Association, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Personal Consumer credit"
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Luckett, Charles A. "Personal Bankruptcies." In The Impact of Public Policy on Consumer Credit, 69–108. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1415-2_4.
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Cate, Fred H. "Privacy, Consumer Credit, and the Regulation of Personal Information." In The Impact of Public Policy on Consumer Credit, 229–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1415-2_9.
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Hyman, Louis. "How Commercial Bankers Discovered Consumer Credit." In Debtor Nation. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691140681.003.0004.
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This chapter focuses on personal loan departments. On May 4, 1928, National City Bank opened the nation's first personal loan department. Curiously, despite the popularity of the department and despite the prominence of National City Bank—one of the country's largest commercial banks—few other banks opened their own personal loan departments in the late 1920s. Nonetheless, by the end of the 1930s, personal loans were a standard part of commercial banks' offerings. The chapter then asks why banks would begin to loan to consumers in the middle of the 1930s when jobs were so precarious, rather than in the 1920s when prosperity reigned. In answering this question, one can see how powerful federal policy can be in transforming the most basic practices of capitalism, since it was through a previously overlooked federal program—the FHA's Title I loan program—that bankers learned consumer lending could be a good idea.
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Aveyard, Stuart, Paul Corthorn, and Sean O’Connell. "Truth in Lending? Consumer Credit and Social Policy after Crowther." In The Politics of Consumer Credit in the UK, 1938-1992, 170–95. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198732235.003.0008.
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Chapter 7 addresses consumer protection issues from the 1970s onwards. It discusses the increasingly complex connections between mortgage and consumer credit, particularly in terms of second mortgages. It discusses the consumer credit protection put in place by the Consumer Credit Act. It explains how important decisions taken at that point increased further the UK’s diverse and liberalized consumer credit markets and enabled the survival (and growth) of forms of sub-prime credit that died elsewhere in Europe. The chapter also addresses issues around credit discrimination on the grounds of race and gender. It probes the reaction of consumer groups to the backlash to consumerism and the liberalization of personal finance markets under the Thatcher regime. The chapter also breaks new ground in exploring the impact of Europe, with an exploration of the hostile response that emerged when the European Parliament’s Consumer Directive threatened to curtail the UK’s consumer credit markets.
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Hyman, Louis. "Legitimating the Credit Infrastructure." In Debtor Nation. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691140681.003.0007.
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This chapter discusses credit access. By the 1960s, credit access was deemed to be unequivocally beneficial. Credit use, far from marking one as immoral or unthrifty as it might have in the 1910s, denoted high social status and personal responsibility. In the 1960s, those without credit agitated for more “fair” or “equal” access. By the end of the decade, as access to credit became a social marker of independence and prosperity, various credit activists for women and people of color demanded access to credit. As such, congress passed laws to guarantee impartial access to credit. At the same time, these laws legitimated practices that would have seemed usurious two generations earlier. By the 1970s, consumer credit—legitimated as fair through federal policy—grew to an unprecedented volume and creditors extended it to all Americans with uncertain consequences for the country's economic future.
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Aveyard, Stuart, Paul Corthorn, and Sean O’Connell. "‘Too Much of a Good Thing’." In The Politics of Consumer Credit in the UK, 1938-1992, 196–221. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198732235.003.0009.
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By the 1980s, the Labour and Conservative parties were more receptive to radical ideas that had great implications for the consumer credit market. Labour’s left pursued plans to nationalize financial institutions. The Conservatives embraced monetarism as a solution to Britain’s high levels of inflation. While ideology played a role, it does not provide sufficient explanation for the liberalization that followed. Hire purchase terms controls were eventually abolished in 1982, alongside the more generalized attempts to restrict personal lending, but the persistent search for a more effective means to the same end continued for longer than might have been supposed. Liberalization, in turn, led to a boom in the use of consumer credit in the 1980s, producing renewed Labour demands for its restraint. The debate that followed is revealing of how new technological and international influences made devising a workable system of credit control ever more difficult.
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Luskey, Brian P. "Capital in Self." In Men Is Cheap, 78–111. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469654324.003.0004.
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Soldier recruitment, experienced and understood through the prism of consumer capitalism and narratives about fraud, forced northern families to create new circulations of credit and capital that connected army camps and distant homes. Some soldiers sought to build on this source of credit to speculate for more individual and family income. Others’ struggles with accumulating credit and capital led them to speak of their desire for black laborers as a means to increase their personal autonomy as employers and heads of household. Union soldiers could not take advantage of the “chattel principle,” which served as the foundation for human commodification in southern slavery. In the context of their other speculations about credit and wages, soldiers believed that becoming an employer meant earning economic and cultural capital and the independence it conferred. To many Union soldiers, personal autonomy could only be earned—and validated by peers—through the control of workers’ labor. American men arrived at recruiting offices driven by a variety of ideological and material forces. Their decisions to enlist and the government’s efforts to recruit them cannot be understood apart from the culture of capitalism from which northerners hailed and the flows of capital that the war would produce.
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Majewski, Grzegorz, Abel Usoro, and Pattarin Chumnumpan. "Building a Conceptual Model of Factors affecting Personal Credit and Insolvency in China based on the Methodologies used in Western Economies." In Leveraging Developing Economies with the Use of Information Technology, 204–15. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1637-0.ch012.
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Chinese economy is developing at an unprecedented pace. This expansion is prominent not only in the external aspect (increased export), but also internally in the increase in the demand for goods and services by common Chinese families. This demand cannot always be met by the monthly salary and therefore the need for personal credit. Because of the substantial risk involved in lending, there is need for robust and reliable credit evaluation procedures, strategies, policies, and systems. Lessons learned from the subprime mortgage crisis in U.S. are that lending can be a very risky activity that can lead to recession for a whole economy. Banks and other financial institutions in China are in need of appropriate procedures and systems should a barrier to further economic development be avoided. Besides, existing models and systems that are prevalent in the West may not fully match Chinese banking environment or the society itself. An appropriate personal credit rating methodology should take into account the differences between the Western and Chinese society and culture. There apparently does not exist such a methodology in literature that takes into consideration the unique Chinese situation. The aim of this chapter is to begin to fill this gap in knowledge by building a conceptual model of factors influencing demand for consumer credit and insolvency (bad debts) in China, based on the available methodologies used in the Western societies.
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"Chapter Three. How Commercial Bankers Discovered Consumer Credit The Federal Housing Administration and Personal Loan Departments, 1934–1938." In Debtor Nation, 73–97. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400838400-005.
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Clarke, MA, RJA Hooley, RJC Munday, LS Sealy, AM Tettenborn, and PG Turner. "17. Payment cards." In Commercial Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780199692088.003.0017.
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This chapter focuses on the use of payment cards in commercial transactions. Contactless cards are becoming increasing popular and account for 49 per cent of all cards in issue. Contactless payment is made through the tap of a card on (or by waiving it over) a reader, without requiring a personal identification number or signature. With the increased availability of mobile payment technology, contactless payments are likely to shift from cards to smartphones. This chapter begins with a discussion of the main types of payment card in general circulation in the UK, including credit (and charge) cards, debit cards, and ATM cards. It then considers contractual networks and the regulation of contractual relationships, along with liability for unauthorised transactions under the Consumer Credit Act 1974 (CCA) and Payment Services Regulations 2009. It also describes connected lender liability under CCA.
Conference papers on the topic "Personal Consumer credit"
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Li, Xue, Hongdi Zhang, Qian Wang, Xiaogang Chen, Juan Shi, and Qian Jia. "The Influence of Online Personal Consumer Credit Products on Consumers' Impulse Purchasing Intention." In the 2019 3rd International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3355166.3355179.
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Cheng, Frank, Yagil Engel, and Michael P. Wellman. "Cap-and-Trade Emissions Regulation: A Strategic Analysis." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/27.
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Cap-and-trade schemes are designed to achieve target levels of regulated emissions in a socially efficient manner. These schemes work by issuing regulatory credits and allowing firms to buy and sell them according to their relative compliance costs. Analyzing the efficacy of such schemes in concentrated industries is complicated by the strategic interactions among firms producing heterogeneous products. We tackle this complexity via an agent-based microeconomic model of the US market for personal vehicles. We calculate Nash equilibria among credits-trading strategies in a variety of scenarios and regulatory models. We find that while cap-and-trade results improves efficiency overall, consumers bear a disproportionate share of regulation cost, as firms use credit trading to segment the vehicle market. Credits trading volume decreases when firms behave more strategically, which weakens the segmentation effect.
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Raimi, Lukman, Mirela Panait, and Eglantina Hysa. "Financial Inclusion in ASEAN Countries – A Gender Gap Perspective and Policy Prescriptions." In 2nd International Conference Global Ethics - Key of Sustainability (GEKoS). LUMEN Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/gekos2021/4.
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Financial inclusion is an increasingly intense issue that is of concern to the credit institutions and the public authorities. It has become topical and gained new value during this period of Covid-19 crisis. Although financial exclusion cuts across demographic categories, but certain categories of financial consumers such as women, young people, people with disabilities and those residing in rural areas have a low presence in the financial services sector. Previous studies attribute the incidence of financial exclusion of some segment of the society to low income, low level of financial education or difficult access to financial products and services generated by poor development of physical infrastructure. Is this true in the case of ASEAN region? A quantitative research approach was adopted in this study, while relying on the secondary data of the World Bank spanning 2011-2017, the UN Women ASEAN Gender Outlook report (2020 -2021), and enriched by scholarly works. The article focuses on the dimensions of the phenomenon of financial inclusion in ASEAN countries, with emphasis on the gender gap financial inclusion. The analysis of the extracted data reveals multiple differences among the countries in the region, a fact that can be explained by the different levels of financial technology development and the governmental interventions implemented to improve financial inclusion. On the strength of the findings, this paper argues that digitalization and financial innovation can also be solutions through which new consumers can be attracted to the financial system, but with these solutions come new challenges related to the protection of personal data and cyber security. For this reason, we believe that increasing financial inclusion must be approached at several levels and must involve joint efforts by public authorities, credit institutions and other categories of stakeholders.