Academic literature on the topic 'Personal endorsement'
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Journal articles on the topic "Personal endorsement"
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Kurniawati, Maria Eka. "Consumers’ Perception on Multiple Product Endorsements by Celebrity in Instagram Study Case." Communicare : Journal of Communication Studies 5, no. 2 (January 16, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37535/101005220184.
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Internet had made important changes in economic and social life. It provides interaction and a lot of information that create connection for marketers to reach out and touch their customers especially through Social Media. For present, Instagram is the most popular social media sites in Indonesia. Instagram provide an opportunity for one of the marketing strategies by using celebrity endorser to share their visual contents. Unique post and related content can engage consumers in a personal way and affect people on an emotional level. Celebrity Endorsement according to McCracken (1989) is a transfer process of value perception of the endorser to the product and then from product to consumer. The promotion in Instagram happens in simple manner when the celebrities share post in their Instagram feed. Previous study by Tripp (1994) found that multiple product endorsements by celebrities negatively influence consumer perceptions of the endorser and the product. However, in present day, many endorsement activities come from one celebrity endorser with different kind of products posted every day. Multiple product endorsements is imminent and unavoidable otherwise company may need to compensate the celebrity with a huge amount of endorser fee to make one celebrity exclusive only for their product, yet the impact for exclusive endorser has not been proven. This study focuses on Multiple Product Endorsements by Celebrities that happen in Instagram, researcher choose Nikita Willy, Joanna Alexandra and Karin Novilda as the celebrity endorsers. Qualitative approach has been used to explore and generate understanding on consumers’ perspective toward multiple product endorsements by celebrity. Literature review revealed there were lack of study on multiple product endorsements in Instagram. Hence, interviews were done among 10 respondents of active Instagram user during May 2018 to June 2018. It was found most of respondents favor multiple product endorsements as long as the products endorsed match with the endorser image, the type of contents shared by the endorser has impact on the product endorsed and multiple product endorsements by celebrities can benefit other products promote by the endorser. In general, it can be concluded that multiple product endorsements in Instagram is acceptable and may become part of the marketing communication strategy.
Keywords: multiple product endorsement, celebrity endorsement
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Fan, Fei. "Exploratory study about audience response to product endorsements by online DIY celebrities and traditional celebrities." Young Consumers 22, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-10-2020-1224.
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Purpose Celebrity endorsement is common in the marketing communications context, especially in the Asian market. Thanks to the popularity of online DIY celebrities, many marketing communications practitioners have started to involve such celebrities in brand and product endorsement strategies. However, few existing studies have compared the endorsement persuasiveness of online DIY celebrity endorsers with traditional celebrity endorsers, particularly in the Asian market. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to fill the literature gap by examining how consumers perceive and evaluate online DIY and traditional celebrity endorsers. Design/methodology/approach In-depth personal interviews were conducted with 15 interviewees with a median age of 23. They were asked to report their overall evaluations and attitudes toward online DIY celebrity endorsers and traditional celebrity endorsers, and their respective endorsement strategies. Findings Although the popularity of online DIY celebrities is growing in China, they received a lower level of appreciation from interviewees than traditional celebrities. The persuasiveness of online DIY celebrity endorsers was not as effective as that of traditional celebrity endorsers. Interviewees even held an overall negative attitude toward online DIY celebrities and their endorsements. Interviewees perceived traditional celebrity endorsers more positively, and their endorsements to be more effective, than online DIY celebrity endorsers. Research limitations/implications The small sample size may constrain any generalization to be drawn from the findings. Future studies are suggested using survey and experiment methodology to further test and compare the persuasiveness of online DIY and traditional celebrity endorsement. Practical implications We suggest communications practitioners continue to use traditional celebrities to improve overall brand image and enhance the target audience’s purchase intention as the exploratory study reveals that audiences have an overall positive experience with traditional celebrities, instead of online DIY celebrities. If online DIY celebrities are preferred in communications strategies, we suggest practitioners carefully select qualified online DIY celebrity endorsers based on image congruence between such online DIY celebrities and the product category in that audiences in the exploratory study are quite cautious when exposed to product endorsement messages from online DIY celebrities. Besides this, audiences have more confidence in product endorsement if there is a fit between online DIY celebrities’ expertise and the endorsed product type. Originality/value This is the first qualitative study on consumers’ perception of product endorsement at the level of online DIY and traditional celebrity endorsers.
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Kahalon, Rotem, Orly Bareket, Andrea C. Vial, Nora Sassenhagen, Julia C. Becker, and Nurit Shnabel. "The Madonna-Whore Dichotomy Is Associated With Patriarchy Endorsement: Evidence From Israel, the United States, and Germany." Psychology of Women Quarterly 43, no. 3 (May 2, 2019): 348–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684319843298.
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The madonna-whore dichotomy denotes polarized perceptions of women as either good and chaste or as bad and promiscuous. In the present research, we examined the correlates of madonna-whore dichotomy among samples of heterosexual Israeli, U.S., and German women and heterosexual U.S. and German men. Demonstrating cross-cultural generalizability, madonna-whore dichotomy endorsement correlated with endorsement of patriarchy-supporting ideologies across samples. U.S. (but not German) men’s madonna-whore dichotomy endorsement negatively correlated with their sexual satisfaction in romantic relationships, which in turn predicted lower general relationship satisfaction. Among women, madonna-whore dichotomy endorsement did not correlate with sexual or general relationship satisfaction. These findings (a) support the feminist perspective on the madonna-whore dichotomy, which points to the role of the stereotype in policing women and limiting their sexual freedom; and (b) provide evidence that madonna-whore dichotomy endorsement can have personal costs for men. Increasing awareness to the motivations underlying the madonna-whore dichotomy endorsement and its costs can be beneficial at the social and personal levels for women and men, by providing knowledge that may help in developing focused interventions to change existing perceptions and scripts about sexuality, and perhaps foster more satisfying heterosexual relationships.
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Goode, Chris, Lucas A. Keefer, and Ludwin E. Molina. "A Compensatory Control Account of Meritocracy." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 2, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 313–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v2i1.372.
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Why are people motivated to support social systems that claim to distribute resources based on hard work and effort, even when those systems seem unfair? Recent research on compensatory control shows that lowered perceptions of personal control motivate a greater endorsement of external systems (e.g., God, government) that compensate for a lack of personal control. The present studies demonstrate that U.S. citizens’ faith in a popular economic ideology, namely the belief that hard work guarantees success (i.e., meritocracy), similarly increases under conditions of decreased personal control. We found that a threat to personal control increased participants’ endorsement of meritocracy (Studies 1 and 2). Additionally, lowered perceptions of control led to increased feelings of anxiety regarding the future, but the subsequent endorsement of (Study 2) or exposure to (Study 3) meritocracy attenuated this effect. While the compensatory use of meritocracy may be a phenomenon unique to the United States of America, these studies provide important insight into the appeal and persistence of ideologies in general.
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Trakas, Marina. "The sense of mineness in personal memory: problems for the endorsement model." Estudios de Filosofía, no. 64 (July 30, 2021): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.ef.n64a08.
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What does it take for a subject to experience a personal memory as being her own? According to Fernández’ (2019) model of endorsement, this particular phenomenal quality of our memories, their “sense of mineness”, can be explained in terms of the experience of the mnemonic content as veridical. In this article, I criticize this model for two reasons: (a) the evidence that is used by Fernández to ground his theoretical proposal is dubious; and more importantly, (b) the endorsement model does not accommodate many non-pathological everyday memories that preserve their sense of mineness, but whose veridicality is explicitly denied, suspected, not automatically endorsed, or neither denied nor endorsed. Finally, I sketch two alternative explanations: one also problematic, the other one more promising, and present some normative advantages of the latter. This also displays the undesirability of the endorsement model from a normative perspective.
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Rapanta, Chrysi, and Lorenzo Cantoni. "The LinkedIn Endorsement Game: Why and How Professionals Attribute Skills to Others." Business and Professional Communication Quarterly 80, no. 4 (November 24, 2016): 443–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329490616677044.
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The phenomenon of endorsing people for their professional skills on LinkedIn is more and more evident, and it grows along with the expansion of this broadly used professional networking website. This article focuses on the ease with which people endorse others and also accept endorsements and the potential impact of this action on people’s knowledge authority profile. An online survey was answered by 120 professionals from all over the world. The findings reveal some considerations regarding the interrelation between the act of endorsement and how personal, rather than epistemic, its criteria are. Implications for recruiters and educators are discussed.
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Sumaktoyo, Nathanael Gratias, Victor Ottati, and Vinaya Untoro. "The Paradoxical Religiosity Effect: Religion and Politics in Indonesia and the United States." Politics and Religion 9, no. 3 (August 18, 2015): 481–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175504831500053x.
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AbstractWe argue that personal religiosity and political religiosity are distinct attributes of a political candidate. Personal religiosity reflects a candidate's level of personal religious commitment and political religiosity reflects the candidate's policy regarding separating versus blending religion and politics. The paradoxical religiosity hypothesis predicts that, within a democracy, personal religiosity will increase voters' endorsement of a candidate whereas political religiosity will decrease voters' endorsement. We test this hypothesis comparatively in two experiments, one performed within a long-standing democracy containing predominantly Christian voters (the United States), and the other within a more recent democracy containing predominantly Muslim voters (Indonesia). We demonstrate the robustness of the paradoxical religiosity effect and its persistence across the two countries, suggesting that Muslim Indonesians are no less capable than Christian Americans in separating the sacred and the secular.
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Thananchaitaveechote, Anchaleeporn, Amorn Thoongsuwan, and Shayut Pavapanunkul. "The Personal Branding Model by Celebrity Endorsement in Thai Film Business." PSAKU International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12778/235108618x15452373746333.
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Ulloa, Emilio C., Lisa H. Jaycox, Grant N. Marshall, and Rebecca L. Collins. "Acculturation, Gender Stereotypes, and Attitudes About Dating Violence Among Latino Youth." Violence and Victims 19, no. 3 (June 2004): 273–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.19.3.273.65765.
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This study examined the relationship between personal characteristics (gender, acculturation, belief in gender stereotypes, recent dating experiences), and attitudes and knowledge about dating violence in urban Latino youth (N= 678). All participants completed self-administered surveys at school. Relative to girls, boys held more problematic (proviolence) attitudes about dating violence and reported less knowledge about dating violence and its consequences. Teens who were more traditional (less acculturated), those who endorsed gender stereotypes, and those who reported recent fearful dating experiences tended to report less knowledge about abuse and lower endorsement of nonviolent attitudes. Multivariate analyses revealed that all four personal variables predicted dating violence knowledge. By contrast, attitudes were predicted by endorsement of gender stereotypes only, or gender stereotypes and gender. Implications for dating violence interventions and future directions for research are explored.
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Williams, Richard D. "Another invasion! environmental insurance coverage claims based on the personal injury endorsement." Environmental Claims Journal 5, no. 3 (March 1993): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10406029309355077.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Personal endorsement"
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Hambali, Anisah. "Introducing celebrity corporate brand : moving beyond endorsement and exploring its effect on corporate brand enhancement." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15583.
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Celebrity endorsement has received academic attention since the 1970s and it has widely been used by companies in their marcom (marketing communications) activities as an effective strategic tool to promote their brands, companies, products and services. Instead of only being appointed as endorsers, this new phenomenon sees how celebrities have changed their roles as human brands and are now better known as celebrity brands. Celebrities, as they are known today, are progressively becoming brands in their own right (i.e. celebrity brand), have their own value, owning their own products and/or services and businesses/companies (i.e. corporate brand), and endorsing other corporate brands too. Companies use celebrity endorsements to position and communicate their individual/product brand image to consumers at large. However, due to the changing marketing environment (from traditional to digital marketing), companies are finding that their communication through celebrity endorsements have become costly and less efficient when trying to project a coherent corporate image and reputation across various audiences. Rather, the new trending phenomenon of celebrity chefs may achieve the desired effect. Unlike other human brands such as CEOs, athletes or artists, which roles limit to either personal or corporate roles, celebrity chefs are unique as they encompass both. Furthermore, they also endorse other brands and corporate brands simultaneously, enabling them to project their own personal and corporate brand as well as the brand they are endorsing. Hence, this study's novelty lies in the exploration and development of the celebrity chef concept at both the product and corporate brand level of their 'own' and 'endorsed' activities (termed as celebrity corporate brand or CCB in this study); and operationalises the CCB concept. The study aims to investigate whether a change in the celebrity brand roles by addressing both traits (human personality) and states (brand personality) and by associating it at the corporate brand level, given the best contextual setting, is one of the possible ways to strategically use celebrity brand beyond endorsement in marcom activities. The study has three objectives, which are: 1) to explore the concept of celebrity brand at a corporate brand level, known as Celebrity Corporate Brand - CCB; 2) to investigate the impact of CCB on attitudinal (identification, image and reputation) and behavioural (loyalty) outcomes (termed as corporate brand enhancement); and 3) to develop a holistic conceptual model to understand the consumers attitudinal and behavioural response and association impact of celebrity brand at corporate brand level named as Celebrity Corporate Brand Association Impact on Corporate Brand Enhancement Model. A mixed method approach was employed by using qualitative data (netnography - Study1; and in depths interviews - Study 2) as well as quantitative data (population-based survey experiments - Study 3). A qualitative approach is used to explore the concept and dimensions of CCB, which is later used to assist the items and measure development for Study 3. Data collection was done covering samples selection from the United Kingdom and Malaysia. Random sampling is used to select respondents that fulfilled the criteria required for the study. The study finds that CCB represents and carries his Personal Brand, Product/Service Brand and Corporate Brand. CCB Product Brand refers to the celebrity chefs own developed products and services which are their foods, cookbooks, kitchen utensils. CCB Corporate Brand refers to the celebrity chefs' businesses, corporations and companies such as their restaurants, colleges and programs. CCB is further conceptualised through the CCB's Authentic and Functional Quality, CCB's Cognition and CCB's Personal Quality. The CCB's Philosophy also projects the celebrity's own corporate brand and endorsed activities. CCB Personal Brand refers to the celebrity chefs' traits such as their interpersonal skills and quality, symbolic value and authenticity; and their and their personality states such as enterprising and technical quality. Theoretically, the research is novel in four different ways: 1) it offers a fresh insight to scholars and practitioners in celebrity endorsement, human or celebrity brand, into how to address the new phenomena of changing consumer and celebrity roles by going beyond the celebrity endorsement concept (i.e. via CCB); 2) it explores, develops, defines and provides measures for the newly developed CCB concept; and 3) it extends the nascent literature on celebrity brand, which explores mainly at product brand level, to corporate brand level (celebrity with personal brand also owning corporate brand), and 4) it test CCB empirically and further investigates its relationship in terms of both attitudinal and behavioural outcomes in an effort to enhance corporate brand (corporate brand enhancement process). Previously, studies on celebrity endorsement only look at the use of celebrity as an endorser and discussion in this area is made based on the Source Model which only discusses the personality traits of the celebrities. In addressing the changing roles of celebrities (having personal brands, product brands and corporate brands), this study defines CCB by including both the celebrity brand personality traits and states and researching its impact on corporate brand enhancement. Furthermore, this study looks at both the attitudinal and behavioural outcome of the CCB on multiple stakeholders (celebrities, consumers and endorsed corporate brands). Methodologically, the study contributes in three ways: (1) a new context (celebrity chefs) is chosen to add new insights to celebrity branding literature; (2) approaching the research with three different studies, namely Study 1- netnography; Study 2 - in depths interviews; and Study 3 - population-based survey experiments; and (3) the inclusion of multiple stakeholders as the samples. Practically, the study proposes marketers to select a new type of celebrity: one that has a personal brand of their own, own product and/or corporate brand to increase the promotional marketing campaign success. Thus, both parties need to work together to build upon their brand strategy to ensure that the consumer identifies closely with them, thereby enhancing their image and reputation and subsequently increasing brand loyalty to the advantage of both parties. Interestingly, once CCB has built upon reputation, this guides the business and marketers to carefully select them in the hope of enhancing its corporate brand. The study's findings also demonstrate that it is essential to address various audiences in this new era by designing an appropriate positioning and communication strategy. The results will assist businesses and organisations in the context of defining and developing strategy alongside celebrity chefs (as the CCB) with their businesses and the endorsed corporate brands.
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Lund, Malin, and Maya Sundlöf. "Produktexponering på sociala medier : En studie om hur bloggar och Snapchat påverkar konsumenters inköpsbeslut." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19551.
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Titel: Produktexponering på sociala medier - en studie om hur bloggar och Snapchat påverkar konsumenters inköpsbeslut. Nivå: C-uppsats i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Maya Sundlöf och Malin Lund Handledare: Jonas Kågström Datum: 2015 Syfte: Vårt syfte är att undersöka om konsumenters inköpsbeslut och val av varumärke påverkas av exponering av produkter på bloggar respektive Snapchat. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om konsumenter blir påverkade av kända personers produktexponeringar på deras bloggar och på deras Snapchat. Metod: I studien genomfördes ett experiment med 98 deltagare som var uppdelade i fyra experimentgrupper. I studien blev en experimentgrupp exponerad av produkter från blogginlägg och en annan experimentgrupp blev exponerad av produkter från bloggares Snapchat. I resterande två experimentgrupper tillämpades defaulteffekten för att se om det skulle påverka deras val av varumärke. Resultat & slutsats: Resultatet visar att Snapchat är den typ av social media som personer i större utsträckning blir påverkade av vid produktexponeringar. Bloggar påverkar i större utsträckning ett inköpsbeslut när kända personer ger rekommendationer. Vår slutsats är att Snapchat är ett fungerande marknadsföringsverktyg när det gäller att marknadsföra produkter och väcka uppmärksamhet hos personer. Bloggar är också ett fungerande marknadsföringsverktyg och påverkar konsumenten mest när någon vill marknadsföra ett varumärke för en produkt. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Se marknadsföring via sociala medier från ett företagsperspektiv, hur företagen tänker vid val av kända personer att marknadsföra sig via samt hur bloggare tänker vid val av företag att samarbeta med. Uppsatsens bidrag: Då bloggar visat sig vara ett bra marknadsföringsverktyg valde vi att genomföra en studie om Snapchat är ett likvärdigt marknadsföringsverktyg då forskningsområdet om detta är svagt. Vi har även undersökt om produktexponering påverkar konsumenters inköpsbeslut. Nyckelord: Sociala medier, celebrity endorsement, blogg, Snapchat, varumärke, defaulteffekt, personal brandingTitle: Product Exposure on social media - a study on how blogs and Snapchat influence consumers' purchasing decisions. Level: Final assignment for Bachelor´s Degree in Business Administration: Marketing Author: Maya Sundlöf and Malin Lund Supervisor: Jonas Kågström Date: 2015 Aim: Our aim of this study is to investigate whether consumers' purchase decisions and brand of choice is affected by exposure of the products on blogs and Snapchat. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether consumers are affected by known person’s product exposure on their blogs and on their Snapchat. Method: The study conducted an experiment with 98 participants who were divided into four experimental groups. The study was an experimental group exposed to products from blog posts and another experimental group were exposed products from bloggers Snapchat. In the remaining two experimental groups were applied default effect to see if it would influence their choice of brand. Results & Conclusion: The result shows that Snapchat is the kind of social media as people increasingly become affected by the product exposures. Blogs influences to a greater extent a purchase decision when famous people give recommendations. Our conclusion is that Snapchat is an effective marketing tool when it comes to marketing products and attract attention of people. Blogs are also an effective marketing tool and affects the consumer the most when someone wants to advertise a brand name for a product. Suggestions for further research: Marketing on social media from a business perspective, how businesses in the choice of celebrity endorsement to work with and how do bloggers in the selection of companies to work with. Contribution of the thesis: When blogs proved to be a good marketing tool, we chose to conduct a study on snapchat is an equivalent marketing then research on this is weak. We also investigated whether the product exposure affects consumers' purchasing decisions. Key words: Social media, celebrity endorsement, blog, Snapchat, trademarks, default effect, personal branding
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Gurel, Atay Eda 1980. "Celebrity endorsements and advertising effectiveness: The importance of value congruence." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11566.
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xvi, 152 p. : col. ill.Millions of dollars are spent on celebrity contracts each year by assuming that the benefits of using celebrities will exceed the costs. Accordingly, many researchers have studied the impact of celebrity endorsements on advertising effectiveness. One of the theories used frequently by these researchers is the match-up hypothesis. This theory suggests that there should be a good fit between the celebrity and the product; however, it is not clear what constitutes a good fit. Some researchers suggested that attractive celebrities will be more effective if they are used to promote attractiveness-related products. Other researchers claimed that when there is congruence between the product type and the celebrity profession, advertising effectiveness will be enhanced; however, these existing dimensions of the match-up hypothesis fall short of explaining some popular celebrity endorsement campaigns (e.g., Sharpie Pens and David Beckham). The current research contributes to the study of celebrity endorsements by adding another dimension, values, to the match-up hypothesis. Specifically, the congruence between celebrity values (as perceived by consumers) and values represented by products was considered as an alternative to the attractiveness and expertise dimensions. In a series of six experiments, support for the positive impact of celebrity-product value congruence on advertising effectiveness was found. College students exposed to the high value congruence ad spent less time in examining the ad, suggesting that participants were easily and quickly able to match up the celebrities and products. Moreover, participants who were exposed to the high value congruence ad had significantly more favorable attitudes toward ad and brand, had higher intentions to buy the product, and were more likely to recommend the product to other people than were participants who were exposed to the low value congruence ad. The results also suggested that value congruence with unfamiliar celebrities was more effective than value congruence with familiar celebrities for generating more favorable attitudes toward ad and brand and higher behavioral intentions, due probably to the minimized effect of pre-established thoughts or feelings about unfamiliar celebrities. Together these results suggest that the congruence between celebrity and product values plays an important role in advertising effectiveness.
Committee in charge: Lynn R. Kahle, Chairperson; Joan Giese, Member; David Boush, Member; Deborah Morrison, Outside Member
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Graham, Mary A. "THE EFFECT OF PERSONAL SCANDAL ON CELEBRITY ATHLETES AND SHOPPER’S PURCHASE INTENTIONS AND ATTITUDE FAVORABILITY." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/mat_etds/2.
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Athletes have become more than sports professionals; they are million dollar investments for brand images. Businesses worldwide have transitioned old promotional schemes to athlete endorsements and have experienced positive reactions to the public change. Athletes connected with consumers on a heroic level and translated the brand’s message to purchasers through the theory of transference of affect (White, Goddard, & Wilbur, 2009). Subsequently, there had been an equal rise in the caution businesses exercised as several athletes found occupancy in negative press. Those involved in scandals posed reputational risks for businesses and could reduce positive transference to consumers. The purpose of this study was to test the impact of negative media portrayal (reputation) about athlete endorsers on male consumer’s purchase intentions and attitude favorability towards high or low involvement products. Online surveys were distributed to a Midwestern University, 196 surveys were analyzed. Findings showed purchase intention was affected by reputation for high involvement products; reputation was not an accurate predictor of consumer attitude toward high or low involvement products. Athletes involved in scandals remained effective as endorsers for low involvement products whereas, athletes with positive reputations succeeded when promoting high involvement products.
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Stenman, Erika. "Strong Employer Brands and Employee Advocacy in Social Media : exploring the Employee Perspective." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-19682.
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Employer Branding activities in the competitive labour market are becoming increasingly interactive rather than being a top-down exercise. Limited resources together with new technology is playing a role in this development. Little, but some research exists on Employee Advocacy or the voluntary promotion and defence of a brand by its employees. While some researchers suggest that strong Employer Brands fosters Employee Advocacy, there seem to be little empirical support or comprehensive models incorporating the supportive factors. Earlier studies have been primarily quantitative in nature, focusing on the corporate perspective. This research adds a qualitative angle with focus on the Employee Perspective. The purpose with this thesis is to explore how employees in companies with strong Employer Brands practice Employee Advocacy in a Social Media context, Because of the subjectivist and abductive approach, the method was qualitative in form of interviews with employees of different companies in the service sector as primary data together with secondary data. The findings indicate that Employee Advocacy, although largely driven by employee commitment, in practice seem to be a rather temporary phenomenon. The dominating intrinsic motives for Employee Advocacy does not seem to translate in a Social Media Context, where nature of expression ultimately seem to depend more on external or situational factors. The limitations of this study are the small number of respondents made up of a convenience sample. The narrow theoretical base also limits the study to explore and broaden a phenomenon rather than developing an entirely new concept. The conceptual model could act as a basis for other studies with a combined qualitative/quantitative approach or as a basis for discussion in companies formulating their Employer Branding or Social Media strategies. The original value of the conducted study is a comprehensive model of shapers and some new empirical insights regarding complexities of the Employee Advocacy phenomenon.
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Hunter, Erik. "Celebrity entrepreneurship and celebrity endorsement : Similarities, differences and the effect of deeper engagement." Doctoral thesis, Jönköping : Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-9284.
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Håkansson, Johanna, and Kajsa Hållö. "Tillsammans mot cancer : En retorisk analys av Cancerfondens användande av offentliga personer på Instagram." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45881.
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Vilken roll spelar offentliga personer i Cancerfondens externa kommunikation på Instagram, och vilka tänkbara identiteter kan detta generera i? Vi har gjort en kvalitativ retorisk undersökning med material insamlat från Cancerfondens Instagram, där specifikt inlägg med offentliga personers medverkan studerats. I analysen diskuteras materialet utifrån tre identitetskategorier som var särskilt utmärkande bland inläggen: Familj, Det vardagliga livet och Det hälsosamma livet. Vi presenterar ett resultat som tyder på att offentliga personer har en central roll i skapandet av relationer till en tänkt publik, vilket i sin tur kan genereras i olika identiteter. Cancerfondens kommunikativa arbete tolkas ha ett genomgående fokus med syfte att skapa en gemenskapskänsla i deras relationer med hjälp av de offentliga personerna. Denna relation tycks styras mer eller mindre av en medieframställd bild av den offentliga personen, som dessutom ska gestalta en “vanlig” människa. Det gör att vi kritiserar hur trovärdig och äkta denna relation faktiskt är.
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Lin, Hong-hui. "Attachment relationships and psychological outcomes: a comparison of Singaporean and Australian young adults." Phd thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/13583.
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The impact close relationships have on development, functioning, and wellbeing makes its research important in enriching understanding about the social conditions that support better socio-emotional functioning. While the literature has seen voluminous research on close relationships, cross-cultural research on the topic has received relatively less attention. This dissertation addresses this literature gap by studying close relationships across two cultures, using attachment theory as the theoretical framework. A review of available adult attachment studies between Western and East Asian populations show that: 1) East Asians typically score higher culture level means in attachment insecurity (i.e., attachment anxiety and avoidance) on survey measures, and 2) attachment insecurity appears to more strongly predict worse psychological functioning among East Asians, than Westerners. These differences have been largely attributed to East-West differences in individualism and collectivism levels or related reasons, which are often vaguely defined and not systematically evaluated in existing studies. Current cross-cultural studies also almost overwhelmingly examine individual differences but not attachment normative processes. These findings informed two cross-cultural, cross-sectional studies that sampled college students from Western (Australian) and Eastern/Asian (Singaporean) backgrounds to examine if attachment differences are associated with individualism and collectivism at the individual level. The first study assessed participants’ (Australian n = 143; Singaporean n = 146) personal endorsement of individualism and collectivism, their associations with attachment orientation, and their roles in moderating the relation between attachment and psychological outcomes (i.e., attachment-psychological outcomes link). It also compared the attachment networks and transfer between Singaporeans and Australians. The second study (Australian n = 206;
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Singaporean n = 322) used two complementary approaches to assess culture to tease apart the separate associations of personal endorsement and perceived norms of individualism and collectivism with attachment, and assessed the moderating role of person-culture fit in the attachment-psychological outcomes link. Results showed that, across two studies using different attachment scales, the two populations did not score reliably differently in their culture level means of individualism and collectivism or attachment constructs. The two studies corroborated results showing that individual differences in personal endorsement of individualism and collectivism (also perceived norm of collectivism) were associated with individual differences in avoidance, in directions consistent with their conceptual definitions. However, personal endorsement and perceived norm of individualism and collectivism showed non-significant associations with attachment anxiety. At the individual level, there was qualified support that personal endorsement of individualism and collectivism and person-culture fit moderated the attachment-psychological outcomes association. Comparisons of attachment network and transfer showed that Singaporean and Australian late adolescents/young adults showed typical sequential attachment transfer. Romantic partners appeared to play a central role as attachment figures among individuals in a romantic relationship. Entering a romantic relationship seemed to accentuate differences in young adults’ preferences towards different relationship targets as attachment figures between cultures. Overall, results highlighted more similarities than differences in attachment patterns between the cultures examined. It is argued that cultural influences on attachment is better understood through directly examining associations between them rather than comparisons of culture level means. Implications of results, limitations of studies, and future directions for research are discussed.
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Kennedy, Amanda Lee. "Beyond celebrity endorsement: new opportunities for celebrity advertising and branding." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1452341.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)Celebrities appear in up to 70% of all advertising, and brands may allocate more than a quarter of their advertising budget to securing a celebrity endorser. Numerous celebrities however are moving away from endorser roles and are instead creating celebrity-brands, which can generate millions of dollars in revenue. For brands that continue to enlist celebrity endorsers, alternative approaches to presenting celebrities within campaigns are being used to generate attention. This thesis comprises of four core papers and two supplementary articles which examine the influence of various applications of celebrities in marketing, on consumer attitudes and behavioural intentions. Using primarily causal research, this thesis examines new avenues for celebrity advertising and branding, providing guidance for marketing academics and practitioners. Findings indicated that consumer attitudes and intentions to purchase were more favourable for celebrity-brands than endorsed brands. Results showed that this can be attributed to the perception that a celebrity has higher investment in a celebrity-brand and is more authentic when promoting their own brand as opposed to endorsing another brand. As with endorsed brands, celebrity-brands may at some point suffer from the celebrity’s involvement in a scandal, however as terminating the relationship is impossible for a celebrity-brand, alternative strategies needed investigation. Results show consumers are more likely to forgive a celebrity when an appropriate punishment has been implemented, with forgiveness leading to positive outcomes for the celebrity-brand. Finally, an examination of the effectiveness of film personas revealed that consumers respond more positively to film persona endorsements when compared to endorsements by traditional celebrities. This thesis recommends that celebrities need to have high levels of investment in their celebrity-brand to be perceived as authentic and to encourage positive consumer attitudes and behavioural intentions. Furthermore, a celebrity should enact an appropriate punishment strategy in response to a personal crime to protect their celebrity-brand. Brands using endorsements can present celebrities as film personas to generate positive consumer judgements and shield the brand from celebrity scandals.
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Mendes, Cedric Alain Jesus. "Determinantes da seleção de celebridades desportivas para "endorsement"." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/15828.
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A utilização de celebridades desportivas para "endorsement" representa uma importante
estratégia de comunicação para as marcas na atualidade, com o intuito de criarem formas de
conexão e vínculos relacionais com a audiência, e também de diferenciação em relação aos
principais competidores. A forte cobertura mediática subjacente ao fenómeno desportivo e o
interesse que suscitam atletas, treinadores e dirigentes desportivos junto do público,
posicionam-nos no topo das preferências das marcas para a realização de contratos de
"endorsement".
Este trabalho analisa os fatores a ter em consideração na seleção de celebridades desportivas
para "endorsement" com o objetivo de desenvolver atitudes favoráveis em relação à marca e
aumentar as intenções de compra. Com base numa amostra de 329 inquiridos e decorrente da
aplicação de modelos de regressão linear múltipla, concluiu-se que as perceções positivas das
atividades nos social media das celebridades desportivas e o seu grau de ajustamento com o
produto impactam positivamente as atitudes em relação à marca e as intenções de compra. A
confiabilidade da celebridade desportiva apenas influencia positivamente as atitudes em
relação à marca e o seu estilo de vida tem um impacto negativo nas intenções de compra. Não
se identificaram efeitos estatisticamente significativos da atratividade física, da expertise, da
"performance" desportiva e da capacidade de entretenimento das celebridades desportivas quer
nas atitudes em relação à marca, quer nas intenções de compra.
Tendo em consideração estes resultados, são apresentadas recomendações estratégicas às
marcas com o objetivo de as auxiliar no processo de escolha de celebridades desportivas para
"endorsement".The use of sports celebrities for endorsement represents an important communication strategy to the brands nowadays, with the aim of creating ways of connection and relational links with the audience, and also of differentiation in relation to the main competitors. The strong media coverage underlying the sporting phenomenon and the interest that athletes, coaches and sports executives arouse among the public, place them on the top of brand preferences for endorsement contracts. This work analyses the factors to be taken into consideration in the selection of sports celebrities for endorsement with the purpose of developing favorable attitudes towards the brand and increasing purchase intentions. Based on a sample of 329 respondents and resulting from the application of multiple linear regression models, it was concluded that the positive perceptions of the social media activities of sports celebrities and their fit with the product impact positively the attitudes towards the brand and purchase intentions. The trustworthiness of the sports celebrity only affects positively the attitudes towards the brand and his/her lifestyle has a negative impact in the purchase intentions. Statistically significant effects were not identified regarding the physical attractiveness, the expertise, the sports performance and the entertainment capability of the sports celebrities, whether in the attitudes towards the brand or in the purchase intentions. Taking into consideration these results, strategic recommendations are presented to the brands with the aim of helping them in the sports celebrity selection process for endorsement.
Books on the topic "Personal endorsement"
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Services, Dearborn Financial. Personal Lines Endorsements. Dearborn a Kaplan Professional Company, 2004.
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Kaplan Financial Education (Firm) Staff. Personal Lines Endorsements. Dearborn Financial Publishing, 2010.
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Barlow, Christine G. Personal Lines Endorsements Coverage Guide. National Underwriter Company, 2016.
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Barlow, Christine G. Personal Lines Endorsements Coverage Guide, 2nd Edition. National Underwriter Company, 2022.
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Webber, Jonathan. The Future of Existentialism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198735908.003.0011.
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This chapter argues that existentialism, as this book has articulated it, has the potential to make significant contributions to moral thought, philosophy of mind, social psychology, and psychotherapy, and that sophisticated engagements with these areas of inquiry should in turn refine existentialism. The existentialist theory of project sedimentation is an important perspective on the development of personal character, the socialization of the individual, the role of endorsement in mental life, the origins of unendorsed biases and stereotypes, and the social problems and psychic distress that these can cause. The eudaimonist and moral arguments for authenticity are significant contributions to contemporary philosophical inquiry into the grounding of moral and more generally normative value. The chapter closes with a brief sketch of some implications of this existentialism for reading and writing.
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Hoinski, Ronald, and Ronald Polansky. The Modern Aristotle: Michael Polanyi’s Search for Truth against Nihilism. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474412094.003.0010.
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David Hoinski and Ronald Polansky’s “The Modern Aristotle: Michael Polanyi’s Search for Truth against Nihilism” shows how the general tendencies of contemporary philosophy of science disclose a return to the Aristotelian emphasis on both the formation of dispositions to know and the role of the mind in theoretical science. Focusing on a comparison of Michael Polanyi and Aristotle, Hoinski and Polansky investigate to what degree Aristotelian thought retains its purchase on reality in the face of the changes wrought by modern science. Polanyi’s approach relies on several Aristotelian assumptions, including the naturalness of the human desire to know, the institutional and personal basis for the accumulation of knowledge, and the endorsement of realism against objectivism. Hoinski and Polansky emphasize the promise of Polanyi’s neo-Aristotelian framework, which argues that science is won through reflection on reality.
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Yarrow, Simon. 1. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199676514.003.0001.
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Saints are persons who by various means have demonstrated such worth in their lifetimes as to posthumously merit the company of God. The saint is a ‘holy one’, someone whose exemplary and exceptional qualities bring him or her close to God. But how is saintly merit defined and acquired? How can one be sure of a saint’s closeness to God and posthumous presence in heaven? Do saints need official endorsement, or special witnesses or followers to confirm their status? Or is saintliness an intensely private and mysterious relationship that need concern none but an individual and their god? The Introduction explains how this VSI will help answer these questions.
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Hellie, Benj. Praxeology, Imperatives, and Shifts of View. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777991.003.0010.
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Recent neo-Anscombean work in praxeology (aka ‘philosophy of practical reason’), salutarily, shifts focus from an alienated ‘third-person’ viewpoint on practical reason to an embedded ‘first-person’ view: for example, the ‘naive rationalizations’ of Michael Thompson, of form ‘I am A-ing because I am B-ing’, take up the agent’s view, in the thick of action. Less salutary, in its premature abandonment of the first-person view, is an interpretation of these naive rationalizations as asserting explanatory links between facts about organically structured agentive processes in progress, followed closely by an inflationary project in ‘practical metaphysics’. If, instead, praxeologists chase first-personalism all the way down, both fact and explanation vanish (and with them, the possibility of metaphysics): what is characteristically practical is endorsement of nonpropositional imperatival content, chained together not explanatorily, but through limits on intelligibility. A connection to agentive behavior must somehow be reestablished—but this can (and can only) be done ‘transcendentally’.
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Kelley, Christopher. The Inherent Dignity of Empty Persons. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190499778.003.0016.
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The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, has expressed strong support for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. While this may seem to be consistent with his outspoken promotion of basic human values and universal responsibility, there is an unresolved metaphysical conflict between his endorsement of the UDHR and concomitant ideas like inherent dignity and inalienable rights, on the one hand, and, on the other, his espousal of the Buddhist Middle Way or “centrist” (Madhyamaka) thesis that all phenomena (i.e., persons, things, and ideas like human rights) lack “intrinsic existence” (svabhāva). This chapter explores the possibility of an unforced consensus on rights between Tibetan Buddhism and the Western human rights tradition through a novel application of Madhyamaka Buddhism that can help us make sense of the metaphysics of rights in the 21st century, as well as combat the fundamentalist mind-set that contributes to human rights violations.
Book chapters on the topic "Personal endorsement"
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Swaine, Lucas. "Conclusion." In Ethical Autonomy, 217–20. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190087647.003.0005.
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From its early emergence in the discourse of classical antiquity to its expression in contemporary democratic life, autonomy has proven to be a gripping and engaging prospect. But the expansion of personal autonomy casts a long shadow across democracies, fostering unhealthy, morally defective understandings of the nature and limits of individual self-rule. Vaunted in philosophical scholarship and celebrated in the democratic mind, personal autonomy proves excessively lax in a normative sense, faulty and unworthy of endorsement in its elemental form. That problem cannot be solved by ignoring autonomy’s sinister side or by imagining personal autonomy as a singularly positive condition. Autonomy for individual human persons requires qualification and tighter moral specification in order to be worthy of endorsement and allegiance....
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Brown, Abbe, Smita Kheria, Jane Cornwell, and Marta Iljadica. "18. Control of information, reputation, and intellectual property." In Contemporary Intellectual Property, 726–50. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198799801.003.0018.
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This chapter considers the extent to which individuals can and should be able to prevent others referring to them and their activities and, conversely, the extent to which individuals and companies should be able to commercialise and control a reputation that they have built up. The discussions cover the evolving right to personal privacy (through the tort of misuse of private information) and its base in human rights, particularly in respect of photographs; obtaining and dealing with trade marks in respect of well-known personalities; the relationship between passing off and endorsement and merchandising; and the extent to which individuals and businesses can and do control the use of their image through endorsement and sponsorship. The chapter also considers data protection, as well as the balancing of privacy and freedom of expression.
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Price, David H. "Dürer’s Reformation." In In the Beginning Was the Image, 161–208. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190074401.003.0004.
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This chapter offers an interpretation of Albrecht Dürer’s energetic promotion of the Reformation during the first decade of the movement. As evidenced from personal documents and artwork, his firm adherence to humanism shaped his perception and support of the Reformation. Unquestionably, Dürer advanced the ideals of biblical humanism as the foundation of the new movement in his portraits of Melanchthon, Erasmus, and biblical saints. He also captured the core principles of Luther’s Bible, including the status of good works in a theology of solafideism, in his innovative Last Supper (1523). His Four Holy Men (1526) is a powerful endorsement of Lutheran reform that reveals the political crises arising from Protestant activism. In this important work, Dürer acknowledges that the sudden diversity of Protestantism has fomented political chaos; nonetheless, he defends biblicism, specifically by portraying the preservation of biblicism (and a biblically based orthodoxy) as the right and responsibility of governmental authority.
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Inukai, Yumiko. "Hōnen’s Senchaku-Shū." In Neglected Classics of Philosophy, Volume 2, 78—C4.P55. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190097196.003.0005.
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Abstract This chapter explores Hōnen’s teachings of the nembutsu presented in the Senchaku Hongan Nembutsu Shū, a doctrinal text of the Pure Land Buddhism founded in Japan in the twelfth century ce. It is shown how intriguing and astute Hōnen is, especially with regard to his sole endorsement of the nembutsu and his insight into its psychological implications. It is argued particularly that his teachings of the nembutsu are informed by his own spiritual journey of profound self-reflection and self-realization, and he consequently places much weight on the psychological process of the nembutsu practice in which the practitioner’s sense of the self becomes transformed to the point where she “forgets herself.” It aims to show the authenticity of the Senchaku-Shū, as it represents personal experiences and awareness of what it is to be a human, written by someone who indeed underwent very common aspects of human life—failure and disappointment.
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Ashdown, Michael. "Void or Voidable?" In Trustee Decision Making. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198727316.003.0006.
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For almost as long as the existence of the Re Hastings-Bass rule has been acknowledged, there has been uncertainty as to the consequences of the rule being successfully invoked in respect of the exercise of a power or discretion. Three principal possibilities have been put forward: first, that the trustee or fiduciary exercising the power may incur personal liability, but the exercise is nevertheless valid and effective; secondly, that the exercise of the power is voidable, and so is effective until set aside; and thirdly, that the purported exercise is wholly void and ineffective. The first of these has attracted no judicial support, and in any case Pitt v Holt puts beyond doubt that the validity of trustees’ decision can be called into question by the Re Hastings-Bass rule, with Lord Walker in the Supreme Court giving a clear endorsement of Lloyd LJ’s judgment to this effect in the Court of Appeal. As between the second and third options, though, the question of ‘void’ versus ‘voidable’ has been hard-fought.
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"ENTHUSIASTIC ENDORSEMENTS FROM BOTH FOUNDERS OF THE NIELSEN NORMAN GROUP!" In The Persona Lifecycle, i. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-566251-2.50022-8.
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Nancarrow, Susan, and Alan Borthwick. "Conclusion." In The Allied Health Professions, 191–202. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447345367.003.0009.
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This concluding chapter considers the policy and practice implications of the preceding chapters. Despite the prolific use of the term 'allied health', the analysis brings the reader no closer to a unifying definition of the confederation of allied health professions. It is clear that allied health professionals are distinct from medicine and nursing; however, those professional boundaries are beginning to blur as allied health professions take on traditional medical roles, such as prescribing and point-of-care testing. Despite their largely successful professionalisation strategies, the allied health professions still face many challenges in influencing service delivery in a way that optimises the use of their services. Despite many common origins to both the Australian and UK health systems, the divergence of the two systems after the Second World War created some significantly different contexts for the evolution of allied health. A defining feature of the UK NHS is the provision of almost all personal care through the health and social care portfolios. These portfolios help to create a singular definition of 'health' and 'social care', and, with few exceptions, most allied health is provided within the 'health' portfolio. The Australian system, in contrast, is highly pluralistic and there is no legislatively endorsed central recognition of or endorsement for the collective allied health professions. It remains likely that the allied health professions must continue to assume that to be a professional means to act professionally, to observe and maintain standards of behaviour that fit the image of professionalism, to construe their actions as altruistic, and to promote a service ethic and orientation.
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Jinxia, Dong, Zhong Yijing, and Li Luyang. "The Interaction of Personal, Local, and Global Forces." In More than Cricket and Football, 75–98. University Press of Mississippi, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496809889.003.0005.
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Yao Ming, while not the first Chinese athlete to play in the NBA, is the most well known and regarded Chinese athlete to star in America’s professional league. Groomed at a young age to follow his parents into the sport of basketball, Yao Ming has competed for the Chinese national team, in addition to the NBA. Yao Ming’s stardom in the NBA translated into the NBA’s successful expansion of the league into one of the world’s largest populations. The all-star appeared in a number of commercial endorsements, making him a familiar face to Chinese and American consumers.
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Dang, Chau-Sa T., and Susan L. Kline. "“I Can't Afford for You to Flunk”." In Modern Societal Impacts of the Model Minority Stereotype, 1–34. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7467-7.ch001.
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While self-endorsing positive stereotypes such as high achievement and perseverance could be beneficial to Asian college students, pressures to fit all expectations of the Asian model minority myth could be psychologically damaging. The way we interact with our family and friends is influential in how we perceive ourselves and our ability to cope with life's stresses. The current chapter examines the way distinct types of endorsement of positive Asian stereotypes are related to the quality of family interaction, social support, and coping among 128 Asian college students. Results indicate that family satisfaction and parental perfectionism are positively related to the endorsement of Asian stereotypes at the group level, while family satisfaction, subjective social support, and highly person-centered messages are positively related to self-endorsed positive Asian stereotypes. Family satisfaction, social support, and highly person-centered messages predicted Asian students' ability to cope with their academic problems and stresses.
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Barney, Rachel. "Becoming Bad." In Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, Volume 57, 273–308. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850847.003.0009.
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Aristotle says little about moral badness [kakia], but his four central claims about it suffice to entail a rich and plausible account. Badness is the disposition opposed to virtue, and so symmetrical with it in various ways; it is acquired by habituation; it is unlike akrasia in that the bad person’s reason endorses his wrong actions; and this endorsement involves the exercise of a corrupted reason. The activity of corrupted reason must be a kind of (as we now say) motivated reasoning—rationalization, denial and the like—which serves to conceal the correct ends of action from the corrupt person and to sustain their habitual bad behaviour. Although badness is located in the non-rational soul, it is this corruption of reason which turns it into a stable disposition.
Conference papers on the topic "Personal endorsement"
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Shankaralingappa, Darshan M., Gianmarco De Fransicsi Morales, and Aristides Gionis. "Extracting Skill Endorsements from Personal Communication Data." In CIKM'16: ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2983323.2983884.
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Sugawara, Shin-etsu, and Hiroshi Kimura. "The Role of Local Governments in the Japanese Nuclear Governance: Case Analysis of “Safety Agreements” in Siting Areas." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75470.
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Non-institutional measures often play an important role in the governance between technology and institutional system which have legal basis. In this study, we analyze the role of the “safety agreements” in Japan’s current regulation system of nuclear power plants (NPPs). In Japan, the national government regulates exclusively the safety of nuclear facilities based on the regulaions. But local governments also involve in the nuclear safety regulation de facto, to protect the publics’ safety and welfare. All the local governments in the siting areas concluded “safety agreements”, a gentleman-like agreement between local governments and power companies on safety issues. These Agreements contain various provisions, such as, the immediate notification procedures of accidents in NPPs, the access and inspection of NPPs after accidents, etc... However, these provisions don’t have a legal-binding of the power companies but, the local governors and local governments sometimes strongly assert the control for the restart operation of NPPs after the accidents utilizing the “safety agreements” as the pretext. This situation has sometimes been criticized by some experts who argue that the “safety agreements” have become an obstacle for stable NPPs operation and electricity supply. Since there are no studies which analyze the actual situations of local governments’ control on nuclear safety based on the “safety agreements,” we analyzed the situation by performing a qualitative survey and conducting a series of interview with personnel of the power companies and local governments. We found from our analysis that the “safety agreements” were utilized positively. For example, the inspection of NPPs by local government functions as an endorsement for the national regulation and assures public confidence. In this case the “safety agreements” promote and provide public acceptance on nuclear governance. However, the measures in these “safety agreements” could be over-extended in the political contexts because of the ambiguity and flexibility in the interpretation. In our paper, we would illustrate the merits and demerits of the role of local governments based on these “safety agreements” and suggest to improve the nuclear safety governance within the local governments’ capacity.
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Pilatti, Angelina, Adrian Bravo, Yanina Michelini, Gabriela Rivarola Montejano, and Ricardo Pautassi. "Contexts of Marijuana Use: A Latent Class Analysis among Argentinean College Students." In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.23.
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Background: Substance use and the association between substance-related variables and outcomes seem to be context dependent. We employed Latent Class Analysis (LCA), a person-centered approach, to identify distinct subpopulations based on contexts of marijuana use. We also examined whether the resulting classes differ in a set of marijuana-related variables that hold promise as potential targets of interventions. Method: A sample of 1083 Argentinean college students (64% women; M age = 19.73±3.95) completed an online survey that assessed substance use and related variables (motives for substance use, protective behavioral strategies [PBS] and internalization of the college marijuana use culture). For the present study, only data from students that reported last month (i.e., past 30-day) marijuana use (n = 158) were included in the analysis. Participants reported whether or not they used marijuana in different places (i.e., own house, party at home, friends’ house, parties at friends' house, university party, non-university party, bar, dance-club, outside [street, park], or pregaming) or social contexts (i.e., alone, with family members, strangers, boyfriend/girlfriend, close friend, small group of same-sex friends, ≥10 same-sex friends, small co-ed group of friends, ≥10 co-ed friends). Results: LCA identified a 2-classes model for marijuana use context. Class 1 comprised 40% of last-month marijuana users. Students within this class endorsed a high probability of consuming marijuana across different places (e.g., at home, at parties, outdoors) and social contexts (e.g., close friend and in small same sex and coed groups). Participants in Class 2 exhibited a low endorsement of marijuana use across contexts, yet they reported a moderate to high probability of using marijuana with a small group of same-sex friends or with the close friend, at a friend’s home. The two classes significantly differed, as shown by Student’s t, on all marijuana outcomes (i.e., use and negative consequences) and marijuana-related variables (motives, PBS and internalization of the college marijuana use culture). Students in class 2 exhibited significantly less marijuana use, both in terms of frequency and quantity, and less marijuana-related negative consequences than those in class 1. The latter class exhibited more normative perceptions about marijuana use in college, more marijuana use motives -particularly social, coping and expansion motives- and less use of PBS than students in class 2 did. Conclusions: Our findings revealed subpopulations of college students that are heterogeneous regarding contexts of marijuana use, patterns of use and in a number of relevant variables. These distinctive subpopulations require different targeted interventions.
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Berry, Katherine, and Alison Looby. "Differences in alcohol and cannabis motives among simultaneous, concurrent, alcohol-only, and cannabis-only users." In 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.02.000.09.
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Substance use motives are strong predictors of alcohol and cannabis use and consequences among college students. Both simultaneous alcohol and cannabis (i.e., marijuana; SAM) and concurrent alcohol and cannabis (i.e., marijuana; CAM) use are associated with higher endorsement of certain types of motives compared to single drug-only use, which may explain heightened risks for experiencing negative consequences evidenced by co-users. Understanding whether motives differ according to type of use could provide an important avenue for intervention efforts; however, research has not yet examined if motives differ between SAM and CAM users. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine how SAM, CAM, and single drug-only users differ on alcohol and cannabis motives. Participants were 2295 college students (72.4% female, 50.6% white) from seven US universities who reported past-month alcohol and/or cannabis use (41.2% SAM, 12.4% CAM, 39.1% alcohol-only, 7.3% cannabis-only). Participants completed measures of alcohol and cannabis motives and past-month substance use frequency via online survey. Two multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA) models were conducted to examine differences on cannabis motives (i.e., enjoyment, celebration, conformity, and coping) and alcohol motives (i.e., social, coping, enhancement, and conformity) separately by past-month user status, controlling for sex and frequency of use. The overall cannabis model was significant, with between-group effects on conformity (F(2,1398)=3.90, p=.02), coping (F(2,1398)=6.96, p=.005), and celebration (F(2,1398)=5.83, p=.015) motives. Pairwise comparisons utilizing a Bonferonni-corrected alpha (p<.017) indicated that SAM users endorsed greater coping (p=.002) and celebration (p=.004) motives than CAM users. Moreover, cannabis-only users held greater coping motives than CAM users (p=.009). SAM and cannabis-only users did not differ on any motives. The overall alcohol model was also significant, with between-group effects on all four alcohol motives. Pairwise comparisons indicated that SAM users endorsed greater social (p=.012), coping (p=.003), and enhancement (p<.001) motives than CAM users. Moreover, SAM users were higher on all four motives (all ps<.01) than alcohol-only users, and CAM users were higher on social motives (p=.013) than alcohol-only users. Results indicate that SAM and CAM users can be importantly differentiated by alcohol and cannabis motives, with SAM users reporting greater motives for use related to coping with negative mood and enhancing positive mood/celebrating for both substances. Interestingly, SAM users did not differ from single drug-only users on cannabis motives, though they uniformly reported greater alcohol motives. Given that SAM users reported stronger enhancement and coping motives than CAM users across both drugs, it is possible that college students may opt to combine their substances when they are predominantly motivated to use for mood-related reasons. Considering that SAM users only differed from single-drug users with regard to alcohol, but not cannabis motives, it may be that simultaneous use particularly enhances alcohol-related desirable outcomes, though not necessarily desirable cannabis outcomes. As such, intervention efforts designed to reduce SAM use may benefit from specifically targeting alcohol and mood-related motives. Moreover, research is needed to examine the within-person effects that motives may have on type of use.