To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Personal income tax.
Journal articles on the topic 'Personal income tax'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Personal income tax.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Rossignolo, Dario. "El Impuesto sobre la Renta Personal y los altos ingresos en América Latina." Revista Hacienda Pública Espñola 214, no. 4 (September 2015): 115–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7866/hpe-rpe.15.3.5.
Full text
2
TKACHYK, Fedir, and Victoriia OSTAPCHUK. "EUROPEAN PRIORITIES FOR PERSONAL INCOME TAXATION." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 2(63) (2020): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2020.02.077.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. In the current conditions of globalization of socio-economic development and formation of a new financial civilization, social aspects of tax policy take a important place. The system of taxation of income of citizens in Ukraine today is not fully coping with the performance of their functions. The experience of developed European countries on the formation of an effective mechanism of taxation of personal income will contribute to the establishment of the newest social and fiscal-oriented paradigm of taxation of citizens in Ukraine. The increased interest in the procedures for administering the personal income tax is also explained by the fact that this tax is one of the main sources of income to the budget of Ukraine. The purpose is to determine the peculiarities of taxation of personal income tax in Ukraine, to find out the common and different features tax system in Ukraine and European countries, to systematize recommendations on improving the mechanism of taxation of personal income. Results. The international typology of personal income tax systems is given. The general features of personal income taxation and mechanisms of application of personal income tax rates in some countries of the European Union are considered. It is argued that the implementation of the European tax experience will facilitate a faster transition to a new and effective system of personal income taxation in Ukraine. To improve personal income taxation in Ukraine, it is necessary to revise personal income tax rates, increase the amount of tax-free minimum incomes, ensure the full functioning of electronic declaration of personal incomes, optimize concessional policies, increase tax literacy and tax culture. Prospects. Further research will focus on the social aspects of taxing citizens' income in terms of differentiation of tax rates, the logic of using preferences in taxing personal income, the introduction of an effective threshold of the non-taxable minimum income, promoting the right to tax rebates, etc.
3
Iżewska, Monika. "Personal Income Tax and Corporate Income Tax in Reverse Factoring." Studenckie Zeszyty Naukowe 19, no. 31 (June 18, 2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/szn.2016.19.31.63.
Full text
4
Yarema, Yaroslav. "The mechanism of personal income taxation and its prospects in Ukraine." Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Bankowej w Poznaniu 92, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9158.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyses the current mechanism of personal income taxation in Ukraine, examining the impact of its individual elements on total revenues from personal income tax. The analysis of revenue contributions from personal income taxation to the consolidated state budget and local budgets indicates that the personal income tax remains the most important sources of revenue. In the structure of personal income tax revenues, wages are the main source of taxable income. The author analyses the mechanism of taxation for natural persons (businessmen) and tax receipts flowing to local budgets from incomes from business activity and highlights its shortcomings. In this context, he proposes introducing progressive tax rates, which will make it possible to shift the tax burden from individuals with low incomes to those who earn higher incomes.
5
ZEE, HOWELL H., and FARHAN HAMEED. "Reforming China's Personal Income Tax." Chinese Economy 39, no. 2 (April 2006): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/ces1097-1475390204.
Full text
6
Sosnowski, Michał. "PROGRESSION IN PERSONAL INCOME TAX." Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, no. 488 (2017): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/pn.2017.488.20.
Full text
7
Dmitro Dema and Iryna Shevchuk. "STATE AND PERSPECTIVES OF PERSONAL INCOME TAXATION." European Cooperation 2, no. 42 (April 30, 2019): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32070/ec.v2i42.38.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the directions of development and elements of the personal income taxation mechanism. The role of the tax in the regulation of incomes of the population is determined and the state of use of its regulatory capabilities in the modern system of taxation is assessed. The peculiarities of the tax burden assessment are determined and the inconsistencies of the proportional system of the social justice principle are emphasized. The necessity of strengthening the tax regulatory function using the tax burden transfer to the prosperous strata of the population by the progressive taxation tools is substantiated. The necessity of the preferential policy improvement is emphasized by introducing a non-taxable minimum of citizens' income and revision of existing privileges on personal income tax. The foreign experience and trends of individual income tax in foreign countries are considered and summarized. The dynamics of the individual income tax receipt to the consolidated budget of Ukraine is analyzed taking into account its fiscal sense. The factors of increasing fiscal efficiency are considered and the influence of changes in the interbudgetary distribution of the tax on local budget revenues is estimated. The directions of the personal income tax reformation on the basis of improvement of certain elements of the taxation mechanism are proposed.
8
Лазутина, Дарья, and Татьяна Ляпина. "Enhancing tax administration of the personal income tax." Известия Иркутской государственной экономической академии 25, no. 4 (2015): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/1993-3541.2015.25(4).645-650.
Full text
9
TULAI, Oksana, and Andrii YAMELYNETS. "PERSONAL INCOME TAX: EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 1(58) (2019): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2019.01.076.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. In the current conditions of the integration movement of Ukraine to the European Union and the reform of the institutions of state power, the issue of studying foreign experience of the system of taxation of individuals' incomes is actualized. The application of effective practices of other states will contribute to increasing the fiscal role of the personal income tax in Ukraine, reducing social inequality and increasing the welfare of the population. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to find out the features, trends and problems of the functioning of the personal income tax in foreign countries. Results. The article deals with the foreign experience of functioning of the system of personal income taxation. The role and role of PIT in the EU and OECD countries is shown. The proportional and progressive approach to taxation of this tax is considered, their key advantages and disadvantages are determined. An analogy has been made between the European states, the OECD member states and Ukraine. The objective necessity of establishing a non-taxable minimum or partial exemption of citizens' incomes from taxes in the context of support of low-income categories of the population and ensuring social justice is substantiated. Conclusions. It is concluded that in developed countries, the progressive system of taxation of the PIT along with the minimum non-taxable minimum is an effective tool for generating budget revenues and solving social inequalities in society. Instead, third-world states can not use this mechanism in a qualitative way due to significant tax compliance problems. They apply a proportional taxation system for PIT that minimizes tax evasion and international competitiveness.
10
UHRYN, Volodymyr. "FISCAL AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF PERSONAL INCOME TAXATION." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 1(66) (2021): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2021.01.163.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Direct taxes are an important financial regulator of socio-economic processes, they are one of the most important sources of budgeting and an essential tool of state regulation. The personal income tax is the main tax through which social policy is implemented in the developed countries of the world. The advantages of this tax include its social justice and fiscal efficiency, as it is able to make the level of taxation directly dependent on the amount of income of taxpayers. In addition, progressive tax rates and benefits can reduce the tax burden on the poor and increase it on high-income earners. The purpose of the article is to considerate the theoretical and practical aspects of administration of the personal income tax in the conditions of reforming of fiscal policy of Ukraine, systematization of directions of improvement of collecting of the personal income tax to local and state budgets. Methods. Methods of dialectical analysis and synthesis, deduction, induction logical generalization, comparison and formalization are used in the article. Results. The article is devoted to the study of the essence and role of personal income tax administration. Peculiarities of citizens’ income formation as an object of taxation are considered. Monitoring and analysis of indicators of personal income tax to local and state budgets was carried out. The growth rates of nominal revenues of personal income tax and military duty, real and nominal wages are studied. It was found that the main factors reducing the level of fiscal efficiency of personal income tax in Ukraine are the shadowing of incomes and the outflow of labor, including skilled personnel. Ukraine’s tax policy for the last five years is fiscally oriented and does not take into account the social aspect of personal income taxation. As a result of the research, the directions of increasing the efficiency of personal income taxation in Ukraine based on foreign experience are systematized. Prospects. The current model of personal income tax does not sufficiently perform a socioeconomic function, does not provide a socially equitable distribution of income between different segments of the population. In recent years, the fiscal significance of the personal income tax has remained, but the system of personal income taxation requires the application of progressive rates. Therefore, promising areas of future research should be the development and improvement of the mechanism of personal income taxation in the context of ensuring their socio-economic interests.
11
Barannyk, Liliia, Olena Dobrovolska, Victoriia Taranenko, Tetyana Koriahinа, and Ludmyla Rybalchenko. "Personal income tax as a tool for implementing state social policy." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 18, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.18(2).2021.23.
Full textAbstract:
Personal income tax (PIT) is one of the most important taxes in Ukraine due to its economic, social and political role. With its help, one can regulate the investment process, the level of real incomes and maintain stability in society. However, the potential of this tax in Ukraine is not fully used. The purpose of the study is to identify the main problems of PIT and further directions of its implementation as an instrument of social policy. Laffer’s tax theory, on the dependence of economic efficiency of taxation on lower tax rates and the degree of progressiveness of taxes, was taken as a conceptual line of research. Consideration of world trends in the practice of PIT allowed tracing its evolution and choose the methods of its optimization that are acceptable for Ukraine. The use of comparative and statistical analyses, grouping, structural modeling method, index method and systematization of results allowed formulating the author’s version of the income taxation reform in Ukraine. The introduction of a progressive taxation scale should take into account the quality of tax administration, the availability of tax benefits, deductions and loans, the amount of fines, and public perception of the tax system in addition to quantitative results. The proposed family taxation, based on the differentiation of taxpayers by their marital status, actual solvency through the introduction of family rates and the establishment of progressive rates of personal income tax, will fully implement the principle of social justice in the distribution of income.
12
Terry, Chris. "Inflation and the Personal Income Tax." Economic Analysis and Policy 15, no. 2 (September 1985): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0313-5926(85)50018-1.
Full text
13
Goerke, Laszlo. "Corporate and personal income tax declarations." International Tax and Public Finance 14, no. 3 (September 15, 2006): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10797-006-9001-0.
Full text
14
Grant-Young, Sean, and Katie Rogers. "Personal Tax Planning: Income-Splitting Update." Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne 67, no. 1 (April 2019): 209–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2019.67.1.ptp.
Full text
15
Sinelnikov-Murylev, S., S. Batkibekov, P. Kadochnikov, and D. Nekipelov. "Assesment of the Results of Personal Income Tax Reform in Russia." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 6 (June 20, 2003): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2003-6-61-77.
Full textAbstract:
The paper contains results of the analysis of personal income tax reform in Russia in 2000, including the influence of the reform on tax base, tax revenues and progressivity of income taxation. On the basis of the theoretical model the authors formulate two main hypotheses, concerning the influence of major factors on personal income tax revenues and tax base. The first hypothesis implies that the decrease in marginal income tax rate caused the decrease in personal income tax evasion, increase in tax revenues and tax base. The second hypothesis is that the decrease in tax evasion, especially among taxpayers with high incomes, increased their tax burden and, as a result, the level of vertical equity. The paper also includes the results of empirical tests of the above hypotheses about the change in tax evasion and progressivity using the regional data in 2000 and 2001; a number of measurers in the sphere of economic policy is put forward.
16
김의석. "A Review of 2009 Corporate Income Tax and Personal Income Tax Cases." Seoul Tax Law Review 16, no. 2 (September 2010): 328–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.16974/stlr.2010.16.2.009.
Full text
17
Celikkaya, Ali. "Dual income tax: A reform option for personal income tax in Turkey." Business and Economic Horizons 3 (October 14, 2010): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15208/beh.2010.26.
Full text
18
Cornia, Gary C., R. Bruce Johnson, and Ray D. Nelson. "Personal Income Tax Revenue Growth and Volatility." Public Finance Review 45, no. 4 (September 19, 2016): 458–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142116668255.
Full textAbstract:
In order to reduce the volatility of the personal income tax in Utah, review and reform efforts recommended a simple flat tax that disallowed all deductions or exemptions. Among the reasons for the recommended flat tax was the argument that it would result in a more stable year-over-year tax revenue stream. This was especially important for education financing. The tax system that was finally adopted retained exemptions and deductions through a tax credit. Using a series of simulations based on twenty-one years of tax returns, we establish that by retaining exemptions and deductions, tax reform efforts failed to appreciably reduce the volatility of personal income tax revenues. These simulations also show that the initially proposed flat income tax with no exemptions or deductions would have decreased volatility at the cost of reducing the growth rate. This study contributes insights, caveats, methodology, and potential alternatives for future individual income tax reforms by focusing on the growth and volatility of three different tax systems.
19
Hutagaol, Layon Hocben, Iren Meita, Avincennia Vindy Fitriana, and Nelly Nur Fitriani. "Personal Income Tax Calculation and Reporting Training." JUDIMAS 2, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30700/jm.v2i1.1172.
Full textAbstract:
One of the government's ways, in this case the Director General of Taxes, in optimizing tax revenues is to conduct a tax awareness inclusion program. Tax inclusion to provide an understanding that an important element of the foundation of Republic of Indonesia. Tax inclusion starts from universities, to increase tax awareness of students, teachers, and lecturers. As with the government's intention to optimize taxes and provide tax inclusion, the Bina Insani University campus through Community Service wants to provide training on calculating individual income taxes to students, so that in the future many students who have businesses and become employees can implement tax awareness by providing the best for the country through their income taxes. With this tax training, participants have a better understanding of taxation in general and its functions, calculation of personal income tax and reporting of personal income tax.
20
Milligan, Kevin. "Average Tax Rates in the Canadian Personal Income Tax." National Tax Journal 74, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 513–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/714386.
Full text
21
Tymchenko, Olena, Yuliia Sybirianska, Yevheniia Polishchuk, Nataliia Rudyk, and Volodymyr Korotun. "Personal income tax management in Ukraine on the game theory basis." Public and Municipal Finance 7, no. 1 (August 1, 2018): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/pmf.07(1).2018.05.
Full textAbstract:
One of the main problems of the fiscal decentralization in Ukraine is the substantiation of the optimal proportion of the personal income tax distribution among the state and different types of local budgets in order to insure the sufficient financial resources for the territorial communities. Since period of the Budget Code adoption, the percentage of the personal income tax paid from salaries to the different levels of budgets has changed three times. However, the methodic of such distribution is not clear. The authors suggest approach of analyzing the logic of the personal income tax distribution on the game theory basis. They consider different ways of making decisions and prove that in all of the analyzed cases the winner was the central government of Ukraine. Such behavior of the central government in making decisions does not meet the goals of the fiscal decentralization reform. The main reason of such situation is that the decisions are made by the state government, but not by the local communities or their representatives. Besides, it is difficult to distribute the expenditures among different types of budgets according to the Governments’ competences. The authors suggest some recommendation of the personal income tax distribution in order to ensure benefits for all participants of the game: communities, local governments and central government. But they conclude that the active influence of people on the behavior of the local governments is the basic premise for the scientific research of the PIT optimal distribution.
22
Berlizev, R. N. "Prospective Directions of Personal Income Changes in the Context of Changing Legislation in the Russian Federation." Economics and Management 26, no. 6 (August 25, 2020): 649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2020-6-649-655.
Full textAbstract:
The topic of the study is relevant in light of changes in tax legislation pertaining to the current personal income tax system. From January 1, 2021, the personal income tax rate will change from 13 to 15 percent for incomes exceeding 5 million rubles (applies only to the amount over 5 million), which is basically the first step in the transition from a flat personal income tax rate to a progressive one.Aim. The presented study proposes and substantiates by calculation a new approach to calculating personal income tax based on a progressive rate.Materials and methods. This study uses generalization, synthesis, and systematization to analyze the risks and opportunities of the transition from the current personal income tax rate to progressive taxation.Results. The authors determine that income received by individuals through dividend payments is substantial, while the number of individuals who receive dividends is relatively small, and conclude that income received in the form of dividends can be classified as the so-called “excess income”, which is not defined at the legislative level. Therefore, now it is necessary to introduce and develop a definition of “excess income” in tax legislation and to draw a distinction between the concepts of “dividends” and “remuneration”. It is found by calculation that a relatively small increase in the tax burden on the income of dividend-receiving taxpayers would provide additional funds for the budget system. That said, changes to the system of taxes on personal dividends should be made with allowance for the introduction of a progressive tax rate. The proposal to completely abandon the flat personal income tax rate by introducing fundamental changes to tax rates that would affect almost any category of the population is substantiated. As a result of the proposed progressive tax rate model, budget revenues will increase, tax burden on individuals with the lowest level of income will diminish, and taxes imposed on citizens with income above the minimum level will remain the same.Conclusions. As a result of the proposed progressive tax rate model, budget revenues will increase, tax burden on individuals with the lowest level of income will diminish, and taxes imposed on the middle class will remain the same.
23
AGUZAROVA, F. S. "TAXATION OF PERSONAL INCOME." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 3, no. 8 (2020): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.08.03.009.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the taxation of income of citizens in Russia. The author determined the role and place of the personal income tax, calculating its share in the structure of budget revenues of a particular subject. The ways of improving the taxation of personal income are identified.
24
Lundberg, Johan. "Horizontal interactions in local personal income taxes." Annals of Regional Science 67, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00168-020-01039-6.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractTheories of inter-jurisdictional tax and yardstick competition assume that the tax decisions of one jurisdiction will influence the tax decisions of other jurisdictions. This paper empirically addresses the issue of horizontal dependence in local personal income tax rates across jurisdictions. Based on a large data set covering Swedish municipalities over a period of 14 years, we test for interactions across municipalities that share a common border, across municipalities within a distance of 100 km of each other, and across municipalities with similar political representation in the local council. We also test the hypothesis that the tax rate of relatively larger municipalities has a greater influence on their neighbors' tax rate compared to the influence of their smaller neighbors. Our results suggest that when lagged tax rates are controlled for, the horizontal correlation across municipalities that share a common border or are within a distance of 100 km from each other becomes insignificant. This result is of importance as it suggests that lagged tax rates should be included or at least tested for when testing for horizontal interactions or mimicking in local tax rates. However, our results support the hypothesis of horizontal interactions across municipalities that share a common border when the influence of neighboring municipalities is also weighted by their relative population size, i.e. relatively larger neighbors tend to have a greater impact on their neighbor's tax rates than their relatively smaller neighbors. This is of importance as it suggests that distance or proximity matters, although only in combination with the relative population size. We also find some evidence of horizontal dependence across municipalities with similar political preferences.
25
Kucherkova, S. "Certain aspects of individual income tax." Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik 73, no. 6 (2021): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2021.06.016.
Full textAbstract:
The personal income tax is the main budget-forming tax, which plays a significant role in the redistribution of personal income and ensuring budget adequacy. Due to this tax, the state has the opportunity to influence the level of income and savings of citizens, it is a social regulator. The objective of the paper is to form a mechanism for collecting personal income tax in Ukraine and to study the fiscal efficiency of personal income tax and to determine the main directions of personal income tax reform. The paper considers the mechanism of personal income tax collection, which is based on the Tax Code of Ukraine and the main elements of the taxation system. It is proved that the tax system of Ukraine is characterized by instability, fiscal orientation with a limited and poorly developed regulatory function. The foreign experience of personal income taxation, tax rates and features of taxation is investigated in this paper. In foreign countries, tax rates are progressive. First of all, it should be noted that wages make up most of the income of individuals, and sometimes it is the only source of income. Taking into account the fact that Ukraine does not apply progressive personal income tax rates, this causes social injustice. It is proposed to use the concept of marginal income and not to tax income in the form of wages in the amount of the minimum amount set for each year. One of the important aspects of reforming the tax system of Ukraine is the introduction of a single reporting on personal income tax and a single social contribution filed by tax agent. It is proposed to declare income and disclose information about the property status of all individuals for the previous year. This will help to control and compare the payment of personal income tax with other tax reports and fill the state budget. Establishing a tax culture of taxpayers and their cooperation with fiscal officials requires some time, during which they must actively carry out explanatory work by fiscal officials and implement a system of preventive measures against tax evasion or concealment of income, and then apply a strict system penalties to the payer. According to this system the payer is unprofitable to hide income, as the fine exceeds its size. These measures will not only ensure the implementation of the regulatory but also the fiscal function of the tax.
26
González de Alvarez, Celina. "Collection of Personal Income Tax. Period 2012-2017." Población y Desarrollo 24, no. 46 (June 30, 2018): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18004/pdfce/2076-054x/2018.024(46).062-070.
Full text
27
Hnydiuk, I. V., L. V. Umanets, and T. V. Goncharenko. "Assessing the Personal Income Tax as a Fiscal Indicator." Business Inform 2, no. 517 (2021): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-2-279-285.
Full textAbstract:
The article is aimed at examining the fiscal efficiency of personal income tax. It is proved that in order to simplify the administration of personal income tax, it is advisable to group the components of the total income of the taxpayer according to the relevant criteria. The results of the research once again testify to the fact that the most important role of personal income tax consists in regulating the cash (income) of the population and stimulating the use of labor force, as well as in being a significant source of income to the Consolidated Budget of Ukraine. To disclose the topic of the research, the authors calculated the fiscal significance of personal income tax in terms of the State budget, which tends to increase and the fiscal significance of personal income tax in terms of the GDP of the State. Also, the analysis of the efficiency of collecting tax revenues using a number of coefficients, one of which is the coefficient of personal income tax collection, is carried out. Having estimated the mobilized amount of personal income tax revenues and tax revenues to the budget from the planned ones, it is proved that the efficiency of personal income tax administration is quite significant and close to 1. That is, the level of expenditures of the population for the maintenance of apparatus of the State Tax Service of Ukraine decreases at a faster pace than the population itself, which can be considered as a positive point. As result of the carried out analysis of the fiscal efficiency of personal income tax, it is concluded that the tax administration under a certain system of implemented tax decisions is deteriorating, and the fiscal significance of personal income tax in both the State’s budget and GDP is reducing, while the real value of revenues from this tax is decreasing. Assessing the efficiency of personal income tax according to the above indicators will allow to more accurately plan the receipt of this tax to the budget, will facilitate in the development of measures to improve the regulatory and fiscal action of personal income tax, eliminate deficiencies in the taxation mechanism, form a rational structure of tax revenues to the budget, and contribute to the development of an efficient tax policy.
28
Smiley, Gene, and Richard H. Keehn. "Federal Personal Income Tax Policy in the 1920s." Journal of Economic History 55, no. 2 (June 1995): 285–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700041061.
Full textAbstract:
During the 1920s, federal personal income tax rates, which had been dramatically increased during World War I, were sharply reduced. These tax rate cuts have often been cited as an example of a successful supply-side policy, but they have also been criticized as policies designed primarily to benefit the wealthy. We argue that a primary motive for the tax cuts of the 1920s was the desire to reduce the tax avoidance by wealthier individuals that occurred as a result of the previous tax rate increases and that the tax cuts enacted did reduce tax avoidance.
29
Gerber, Claudia, Alexander Klemm, Li Liu, and Victor Mylonas. "Personal Income Tax Progressivity: Trends and Implications." IMF Working Papers 18, no. 246 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781484383087.001.
Full text
30
Zhuravka, F., O. Kravchenko, N. Ovcharova, Zh Oleksich, and O. Podmarov. "PERSONAL INCOME TAX IN UKRAINE: DETERMINANTS` ANALYSIS." Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 2, no. 33 (June 30, 2020): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v2i33.206938.
Full text
31
Tiutiunyk, I., and O. Mazurenko. "PERSONAL INCOME TAX GAPS: BIBLIOMETRIC AND ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS." Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 4, no. 39 (September 10, 2021): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v4i39.241308.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The article is devoted to the essence and features of the formation of personal income tax gaps. The object of the paper is 1795 publications indexed in the Scopus database on the tax gaps in the national economy. The time horizon of the study was in 1935—2021. On the basis of bibliometric analysis, the main directions of the study of tax gaps are determine, the trend of changing the number of publications on this issue is analyzed. It is concluded that the theory of tax gap management is quite young and is currently only in its infancy. By the VOSViewer tools, five patterns of frequency of use of keywords in scientific works devoted to the issues of forming tax gaps have been identified, their connection with other economic categories have been determined. The analysis of the publications indexed in the Scopus database on a geographical basis is carried out. Clustering international research networks based on bibliometric analysis of scientific papers on the theory of tax gaps management by geographical location have been done. The article identifies the top Scientific Journals indexed by the Scopus database in which the issues of tax gap management were published most often. According to the Scopus database the most popular theories within this problem are: social theories, inequality and tax morality, management and motivation theories, sustainable development theory, production theory, concepts of fiscal policy implementation. A methodical approach to the assessment of tax gaps for personal income tax is proposed. The personal income tax gaps for Ukraine and European Union countries has been estimated. An average volume of personal income tax gaps within 7—28 %, and there is no positive dynamics in its reducing. The countries with the highest volume of personal income tax gaps include Greece, Poland, the Slovak Republic, Turkey, with the lowest — Germany, Belgium, Latvia, Luxembourg. Based on the Multiple regressions test, the hypothesis about the significant impact of tax gaps on personal income tax on the country’s economic development indicators was tested. Graphical interpretation of the link between the personal income tax gap and GDP for Ukraine and European Union countries indicates a negative correlation between them. Keywords: tax gap, shadow economy, tax evasion, GDP, economic development, state policy. JEL Classification E60, E63, C23 Formulas: 1; fig.: 4; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 17.
32
Li, Rong, and Guangrong Ma. "Personal-Income-Tax Reforms and Effective-Tax Functions in China." FinanzArchiv 73, no. 3 (2017): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/001522117x14932991128976.
Full text
33
Krajnak, Michal. "Do Selected Tax Advantages Affect Tax Revenue from the Personal Income Tax?" Journal of Competitiveness 11, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7441/joc.2019.04.05.
Full text
34
Papanikolaou, Nikolaos. "Tax Progressivity of Personal Wages and Income Inequality." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14020060.
Full textAbstract:
The paper examines tax progressivity and income inequality using Census Bureau Current Population Survey (CPS) personal income data. The Kakwani index is used to derive tax progressivity for All, Male, Female, White and African American personal wage income of CPS respondents, respectively. The tax progressivity results show a tax system that is partly progressive and mostly regressive. Due to its regressive nature, the tax system did not display tax progressivity for the entire period under analysis for personal wage income respondents as well as when broken-down by race and gender in the United States for years 1996 to 2011.
35
K.C., Jit Bahadur, and Anant Lal Karn. "Personal Income Tax Structure in Nepal: An evaluation." NCC Journal 4, no. 1 (July 5, 2019): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nccj.v4i1.24739.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – This paper aims to evaluate the structure of the PIT in Nepal.
Methodology/design/approach –This study adopts descriptive and quantitative research approach, sourcing the data and information from both primary and secondary, which include books, reports (economic survey, report/statement of Central Bureau of Statistics, etc.), journals, bulletins, newspapers, websites, etc. For the objective result, we use statistical tools to confirm the value of the PIT structure.
Findings and conclusion – The PIT is a major ingredient of income tax, which contains a complex and critical structure in income components, exemption limit, tax base, units, and tax rates. The study found increment in the exemption limit based on equity, equality and with the rate of inflation. However, the method of determination of exemption limit was unscientific. The tax slabs and rates observed three categories progressive, digressive and mild progressive under the three governments regimes inconsistent with national tax policy. Different era of government imposed the tax burden on different slabs and observed decline in tax progressivity in the later year. In the studied period, the PIT payers sacrificed27.81% amount as tax and saved only 72.19% of their total taxable net earnings. It showed a high rate of tax. The tax burden on PIT reached as high as 45.49%in 1989-90 and as low as 24.13% in 1998-99. The gap between maximum and minimum ranged 22.89%, with a great disparity in the tax policy and an average tax, the burden remained 32.56% during the studied period. A high rate of tax encourages the evasion; taxpayers alter their decisions on the financial activities, which reduce the benefit of both the public authorities and taxpayers or citizens. Good tax policy should strive to provide benefit to both the concerned parties.
Originality/value – This is descriptive research to find out the structure of Piton Nepal, which is derived and written by the author using the primary as well as secondary sources of data and information. Thus, this is original writing in the context of Nepal and in PIT literature.
36
Wołowiec, Tomasz. "Potential and Possible Ways of Harmonizing the Personal Income Taxation Process." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 21, no. 3 (September 18, 2018): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cer-2018-0022.
Full textAbstract:
Personal income tax (hereinafter referred to as PIT) has a short history, as it appeared in tax systems of EU countries as late as at the end of the 18th century. As a specific universal structure it performs two economic functions: providing financial means for covering some public expenses (fiscal function), leveling inequalities – through its structure – in population incomes (a redistribution function). It also implements social functions of taxation through various tax reliefs and exemptions or the structure of the tax scale. Contemporary personal income tax in European countries has been shaped by many years of evolution. This proces is continuing, taking into account the process of European integration and the processes of standardizing and harmonizing tax systems in European Union countries. Most EU states only sporadically implement major reforms of personal income taxation. The scope of such changes is usually limited and determined by current fiscal needs or the need to stimulate a particular behavior of taxpayers. The current taxation of personal incomes is a very complex phenomenon which should be analyzed not only from the legal point of view, but also taking into account its social, cultural, economic and political system aspects.
37
Oktaviani, Dewi, and Waluyo Waluyo. "Pengaruh Jumlah Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Terdaftar, Pemeriksaan Pajak dan Rasio Pencairan Tunggakan Pajak Terhadap Penerimaan Pajak Penghasilan Orang Pribadi." Jurnal ULTIMA Accounting 7, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/akuntansi.v7i2.179.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this research is to examine the effect of personal taxpayers, tax inspection disbursement of tax arrears ratio towards revenue from personal income tax. The object of this study is KPP Pratama Kosambi for the period 2011-2013. The samples in this study was determined based on convenience sampling. Number of samples taken are 36 data from January 2011 to December 2013. The testing method used in this research is multiple regression method. The data used in this study are secondary data. The results of this study are (1) number of individual taxpayers has significant effect towards revenue from personal income tax (2) tax inspection has significant effect towards revenue from personal income tax (3) tax arrears disbursement ratio has significant effect towards revenue from personal income tax.
Keywords: number of individual taxpayers, tax inspection, rasio disbursement of tax arrears, revenue from personal income tax.
38
Randjelovic, Sasa. "Dual income tax: An option for the reform of personal income tax in Serbia?" Ekonomski anali 53, no. 178-179 (2008): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka0879183r.
Full textAbstract:
Contemporary tax theory and practice provides two fundamental concepts for taxation of personal income: scheduler and global. Several systems have been derived from these basic models, including combined, flat, dual and negative income tax. Dual income tax, the subject of this paper, requires progressive taxation of income from employment and proportional taxation of income from capital. However, strict application of this system significantly violates the principle of equitability of taxation, both horizontally and vertically.
39
Selvi, Selvi, Notika Rahmi, and Pebriana Arimbhi. "Membangun Kepatuhan Perpajakan Sejak Dini Melalui Workshop Pengisian SPT PPh Orang Pribadi di SMKN 10 Jakarta." Jurnal Komunitas : Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31334/jks.v2i2.735.
Full textAbstract:
Tax is the largest source of state income. However, people's compliance with paying taxes is still low. Therefore, tax education is needed early on. The research question in this activity is how to calculate and fill in the Personal Income Tax Return. The method of this activity is by lecture, demonstration and practice of calculating income tax and filling in the Personal Income Tax Return at SMKN 10 Jakarta. Conclusion of this activity Workshop Completion of Personal Income Tax Return can be held well and run smoothly. Participants are able to manually calculate and record the Personal Income Tax Return. The shortcomings are the absence of learning media, namely dummy e-filing to be practiced by participants
40
Artemov, Nikolay M., and Karina A. Ponomareva. "Taxation of personal income in the context of issues of social fairness." Law Enforcement Review 4, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2542-1514.2020.4(4).46-55.
Full textAbstract:
The subject. The leading position of the personal income tax in most countries is due to a number of circumstances. First, it is a personal tax, the object of which is the income actually received by the payer, and not the estimated average income that could be received in specific economic conditions. Second, income tax allows to maximize the implementation of the basic principles of taxation - universality and uniformity. In recent decades, national regimes of personal income taxation regimes have been actively developed both in foreign countries and in Russia. Purpose of the study. The article shows the results of analysis of the framework of personal income taxation in the Russian Federation in the context of the principle of the social fairness. Dealing with selected provisions of the national legislation of European countries and Russia the article shows that elements of progressive taxation can be applied only in particular aspects. The proposals of taxation of rich taxpayers are also brought into light. Methodology. The research was carried out with the application of the formally legal interpretation of legal acts as well as the comparative analysis of Russian and European legal literature. Structural and systemic methods are also the basis of the research, The main results. After studying the European experience of personal income taxation the authors come to the conclusion that some of the ideas described can be transferred to the Russian tax legislation, but this should be done with caution. It is not necessary to introduce a progressive tax system in its pure form in the Russian Federation, but it is worth considering options for switching to a dualistic system. The authors believe that the elements of borrowing foreign experience should be aimed rather at a fair distribution of benefits, for example, through rules that fix tax benefits. Conclusions. The following proposals can be formulated to improve the legal regulation of personal income taxation in the Russian Federation: the distinction between taxation of taxpayers with ultra-high incomes and those with minimal incomes should be based not on the income criterion, but on the expenditure criterion; to establish a non-taxable minimum in the amount of the minimum wage, which will ensure tax fairness for taxpayers with lower-average incomes; to review the criteria of taxation of luxury vehicles, raising the border separating the mass and premium segments of the Russian car market by at least two times - up to 6 million rubles. The best solution would be to abolish the vehicle tax and impose an increased excise tax on fuel and lubricants for personal transport.
41
Kulicki, Jacek. "Opodatkowanie podatkiem dochodowym wynagrodzenia i innych świadczeń otrzymywanych przez posłów wybranych w Polsce do Parlamentu Europejskiego oraz świadczeń otrzymywanych przez posłów i senatorów wybranych do parlamentu krajowego." Zeszyty Prawnicze Biura Analiz Sejmowych 3, no. 71 (2021): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31268/zpbas.2021.50.
Full textAbstract:
The salary of a Member of European Parliament is taxed on the same terms as salaries of officials and other employees of the European Union. Benefits related to exercising of a MEP mandate are tax free (exempt from EU tax). MEPs’ salaries, parliamentary allowances and other incomes are exempt from Polish income tax. The Polish domestic MPs’ salaries are taxed with a personal income tax as an income from employment. The parliamentary allowance and certain other benefits are exempt from the income tax.
42
HUA, HU. "DECOMPOSITION OF SOCIAL INCOME ADJUSTMENT EFFECT OF CHINA’S PERSONAL INCOME TAX AND SELECTION AMONG DIFFERENT UNIFORM INCOME TAX MODES." Singapore Economic Review 63, no. 04 (September 2018): 917–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590817420036.
Full textAbstract:
Based on 10342 Chinese family samples, by means of non-linear models, the effects of wage income tax (WIT), individual business income tax (IBIT) and other income tax (OIT) on the income gap in China are analyzed. It is found that China’s classified income tax is helpful to narrow the income gap. WIT plays a very important role in narrowing the income gap, with IBIT and OIT widening the income gap. Such income taxes, especially WIT, cause differences of the tax burden between taxpayers who have the same income amount. Uniform income tax is an indispensable measure to solve the problems. On the basis of the income tax systems of 13 countries, 16 different kinds of personal or household uniform income tax modes were built up. Namibia’s household uniform income tax mode is practical to China, because the income adjustment effect of such mode is stronger than that of China’s classified income tax, but the average tax rate of it is lower than that of China’s classified income tax.
43
Kakaulina, M. O. "Projected shortfall in personal income tax revenues of regional governments in Russia due to the COVID-19 pandemic." Journal of Tax Reform 7, no. 1 (2021): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/jtr.2021.7.1.089.
Full textAbstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic has put a great strain on the Russian economy and budget revenue. The study aims at furnishing an estimate of losses in personal income tax revenue in regional government budgets in 2020–2023 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to investigate the shortfall in tax revenues, three factors were studied: the amount of damage caused by the COVID-19 outbreak to the whole economic system; the sensitivity of the state revenue base to the crisis; the sensitivity of regional tax revenue to the revenue base. The study was based on the annual reports of the Federal Tax Service of Russia, Rosstat data, Forecast of the Social and Economic Development of the Russian Federation, and data from the “National action plan to ensure the recovery of employment and incomes of population, economic growth and long-term structural changes in the economy”. It was found that recession will lead to a significant reduction in people’s income over the given period. As a result, personal income tax revenues will decrease. The budget losses will reach 416.6 billion rubles by the end of the 2020 fiscal year. This is equivalent to 0.4% of GDP and 9.7% of total income from personal income tax in an economic situation unmarred by the pandemic. The largest fall in public revenue is expected in the regions which stand out in regard to personal income tax revenues per capita. The research results confirm the initial hypothesis that the negative impact of the pandemic on personal income tax revenues depends on the share of income tax revenues of a particular region or municipality. The findings can be used by the regional and municipal financial authorities for developing draft budgets for 2022 and the planning period of 2023–2024.
44
Gromov, V. V. "Introduction of the personal tax-free allowance in Russia and its budget implications." Journal of Tax Reform 7, no. 1 (2021): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/jtr.2021.7.1.088.
Full textAbstract:
The social problem of poverty can be mitigated by introduction of a personal tax-free allowance. In this paper the likely effects that a personal tax-free allowance will have on the Russian budget is investigated. It has been assumed that a tax-free allowance will hit regional budgets because they depend greatly on income tax revenue. The indicated effects were estimated by applying a personal tax-free allowance to the data on economic conditions in 2019. Rosstat data on population, poverty, wages and gross regional product and Federal Tax Service data on the number of taxpayers and personal income tax revenues were used. For the purpose of the paper, two scenarios were calculated. In the first scenario, a zero personal income tax rate is applied to wages below the minimum cost of living. We found that under this scenario the consolidated budget of Russia loses over 1 trillion rubles while regional tax revenues reduce by more than 10%. In the second scenario, citizens whose income is below the minimum cost of living are exempt from personal income tax. We found that under this scenario regional tax revenues would be reduced by 1-5%. In both cases the introduction of the personal tax-free allowance puts greater pressure on regions that critically depend on the personal income tax receipts. It was concluded that the negative effect of an introduction of a personal tax-free allowance would be greater, the greater the prevalence of low-income taxpayers in a region. Also considerable regional disparities create a risk that such tax reform will deepen regional inequality and be disruptive for the Russian budgetary system.
45
Kwak, Sunjoo, and Jongmin Shon. "Tax Salience and Cyclical Asymmetry in Tax Rate Adjustments: Testing the Indirect Tax Hypothesis." Revista Hacienda Pública Española 240, no. 1 (March 2022): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7866/hpe-rpe.22.1.1.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, we explore the hypothesis that politicians prefer using direct taxes with relatively high salience for tax cuts during booms, while they prefer using indirect taxes with relatively low salience for tax increases during recessions. Using a panel data set of U.S. states from 1992 to 2014, we analyzed how cyclical fluctuations in resource availability affect the statutory rates of five major state taxes: general sales tax, personal income tax, corporate income tax, and two excise taxes (gasoline and cigarette taxes). Our results suggest that cyclical improvements in resource availability during booms lead to reductions in personal income tax rates, whereas cyclical deteriorations in resource availability during recessions result in increases in general sales tax rates.
46
Kwak, Sunjoo, and Jongmin Shon. "Tax Salience and Cyclical Asymmetry in Tax Rate Adjustments: Testing the Indirect Tax Hypothesis." Revista Hacienda Pública Española 240, no. 1 (March 2022): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7866/hpe-rpe.22.1.1.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, we explore the hypothesis that politicians prefer using direct taxes with relatively high salience for tax cuts during booms, while they prefer using indirect taxes with relatively low salience for tax increases during recessions. Using a panel data set of U.S. states from 1992 to 2014, we analyzed how cyclical fluctuations in resource availability affect the statutory rates of five major state taxes: general sales tax, personal income tax, corporate income tax, and two excise taxes (gasoline and cigarette taxes). Our results suggest that cyclical improvements in resource availability during booms lead to reductions in personal income tax rates, whereas cyclical deteriorations in resource availability during recessions result in increases in general sales tax rates.
47
Levina, Maria. "PENGARUH EKSTENSIFIKASIPAJAK,KEPATUHAN WAJIBPAJAK, DANPENCAIRAN TUNGGAKANPAJAK TERHADAPPENERIMAAN PAJAKPENGHASILANORANGPRIBADI." Jurnal Wahana Akuntansi 10, no. 2 (December 30, 2015): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/10.21.009/wahana.010/2.3.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of extensification of tax, assessable compliance, and disbursement of tax arrears on tax revenue of personal income. This research uses secondary data with observation in KPP Pratama Jakarta Duren Sawit in 2012-2014. While the research uses multiple regression method to test the hypothesis at 5% significance. From the analysis performed in this research, it can be concluded that extensification of tax and assessable compliance have significant influence to tax revenue of personal income. While disbursement of tax arrears has no significant influence to to tax revenue of personal income.
Keywords: Tax, Extensification, Assessable Compliance, Disbursement of TaxArrears,Tax Revenue of Personal Income
48
Avram, Silvia. "Who benefits from the ‘hidden welfare state’? The distributional effects of personal income tax expenditure in six countries." Journal of European Social Policy 28, no. 3 (December 31, 2017): 271–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928717735061.
Full textAbstract:
We use a tax-benefit microsimulation model to investigate the size and distributional effects of tax allowances and tax credits in six European countries. Results indicate that tax allowances and tax credits benefit large sections of the population, not just individuals with high incomes and that together they amount to substantial amounts of foregone revenue. However, with some (important) exceptions, their effect on inequality is small. Tax allowances are generally regressive while tax credits tend to be proportional or mildly progressive. Yet, the redistributive effect of tax allowances and tax credits works in complex and often unanticipated ways. Other features of the income tax system (such as the tax rate schedule or the definition of the taxpayer unit) are as important in determining the size and direction of the redistributive effect as the characteristics of the tax allowances/tax credits themselves. Even instruments inversely linked to taxable income can be more beneficial to high-income households in some contexts. Consequently, tax allowances and tax credits appear ill-suited to target resources towards households in the bottom part of the income distribution.
49
Cebula, Richard J. "Where Has The Currency Gone? And Why? The Underground Economy And Personal Income Tax Evasion In The U.S., 1970-2008." Review of Economic Analysis 6, no. 1 (September 7, 2014): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/rea.v6i1.1411.
Full textAbstract:
Unaccounted for currency in the U.S. is argued to reflect the presence of widespread income tax evasion. This empirical study seeks to identify determinants of the underground economy in the U.S. in the form of federal personal income tax evasion over the period 1970-2008. In this study, we use the most recent data available on personal income tax evasion, data that are derived from the General Currency Ratio Model and measured in the form of the ratio of unreported AGI (adjusted gross income) to reported AGI. Other studies of federal income tax evasion for the U.S. are dated and do not use data this current. It is found that personal income tax evasion was an increasing function of the maximum marginal federal personal income tax rate, the percentage of federal personal income tax returns characterized by itemized deductions, and unpopular military engagements, in this case, the War in Iraq, and a decreasing function of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (during its first two years of being implemented), the ratio of the tax free interest rate yield on high grade municipals to the interest rate yield on ten year Treasury notes (as a measure of the incentive effect of a better return to tax avoidance, which is legal), and higher audit rates of filed federal income tax returns (as a measure of risk from tax evasion) by IRS personnel.
50
Tanchev, S. "Long-run equilibrium between personal income tax and economic growth in Bulgaria." Journal of Tax Reform 7, no. 1 (2021): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/jtr.2021.7.1.090.
Full textAbstract:
The study analyzes the relationship of personal income tax and economic growth in the long and short runs to show which type of income tax (progressive or proportional) is more compatible with Bulgaria’s economic growth. The methods of Vector Error Correction and Correlation are applied to determine the long-run and short-run impacts of the two types of income tax. The research covers the period from the first quarter of 1999 to the first quarter of 2020. Eurostat data (85 observations) were used. The empirical research has been divided into two periods. The long-run and short-run relationships between economic growth and tax revenue from progressive income tax in Bulgaria have first been studied, followed by the relationship between economic growth and the tax revenue from proportional income tax. The research results show that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship, but not a short-run relationship, between personal income tax and economic growth. The results imply that the progressive income tax is more compatible with economic growth than proportional income tax in Bulgaria in the long run. In the short run, the progressive income tax and proportional income tax have not shown statistically significant relationships with economic growth. Therefore, a progressive income tax leads to greater economic growth than a proportional income tax. From a long-run equilibrium standpoint, it is advisable that Bulgaria switch from proportional to progressive income taxation. It may be inferred that progressive taxation is more appropriate for economic growth than proportional taxation. The results are in conformity with the theory of endogenic growth and reject the neoclassical theory.