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Journal articles on the topic 'Personal Savings'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Aguila, Emma. "Personal Retirement Accounts and Saving." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 3, no. 4 (November 1, 2011): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.3.4.1.

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Aging populations are leading countries worldwide to social security reforms. Many countries are moving from pay-as-you-go to personal retirement account (PRA) systems because of their financial sustainability and positive impact on private savings. PRA systems boost private savings at a macro level by converting a government liability into financial wealth managed by private fund managers. However, at a micro level, changes in retirement wealth affect individuals' saving and consumption patterns through their working lives. Retirement wealth increased for lower-income workers after Mexico introduced PRAs, crowding out saving, increasing consumption, and offsetting some of the PRA effect on private savings. (JEL D14, E21, H55, J26, O16)

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2

Pollard, Carol Elaine. "Up close and personal." International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 17, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-03-2014-0043.

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Purpose – The purpose of this research is to explore the drivers of computer-related sustainability behavior at a medium-sized US university and the extent to which an inexpensive energy-saving device installed on 146 administrator, faculty and general staff workstations achieved significant savings in kWh, CO2 kg and dollars. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed-method approach was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data to inform the study, and an intervention was introduced to raise awareness of energy-saving initiatives on a medium-sized university campus at an individual level. A simple computer energy efficiency device to measure the kWh, carbon emissions and monetary savings was installed on office workstations of 146 administrator, faculty and general staff. The research design enabled analysis of university mitigation strategies along with energy-saving behaviors, attitudes and savings in CO2 kg and dollars resulting from the installation of the adaptation intervention. Findings – Extrapolating individual workstation savings over the eight-week study period suggests potential annual average savings of $122,087.21; 1,327,003 kWh of energy; and 577,044 kg CO2. Usage behaviors and attitudes of study participants toward green practices in general and the specific energy-saving device showed participants hold highly positive attitudes toward both. Themes that captured participants’ feeling toward the energy-saving device included: easy to use; enjoyment; feedback; habit and technical issues. Drivers that most highly motivated participants to save energy at work were participants’ sense of social responsibility and the recognition of the need to reduce energy at work. Practical implications – The implementation of a voluntary individual-level energy-saving adaptation has the potential to be more far effective than expensive mandated strategies imposed on university employees and the value of feedback in positively influencing sustainability behavior. Originality/value – This study is one of the first to report on the implementation of a voluntary individual-level climate change adaptation intervention on a university campus. The research addresses concerns voiced in previous literature that higher education is not stepping up the critical role in climate adaptation required of it and contributes to the sustainability in higher education literature by providing empirical evidence of the usefulness of implementing a simple adaptation technique. Specifically, it documents how increasing sustainability awareness in university employees can encourage socially responsible and energy conversation behaviors and achieve significant energy savings in dollars, kWh and CO2 kg.

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3

Yang, Bijou, and David Lester. "National Character and Personal Savings." Psychological Reports 80, no. 3 (June 1997): 1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.3.1018.

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4

Green, Francis, and George Hadjimatheou. "Regional differences in personal savings." Applied Economics 22, no. 7 (July 1990): 933–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036849000000031.

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5

Makgetla, Neva Seidman. "Personal savings, ethnicity and redistribution." Development Southern Africa 12, no. 1 (February 1995): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768359508439784.

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6

Börsch-Supan, Axel, and Konrad Stahl. "Do savings programs dedicated to home-ownership increase personal savings?" Journal of Public Economics 44, no. 3 (April 1991): 265–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(91)90016-u.

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7

Styger, P., and J. H. P. Van Heerden. "Die definiëring van persoonlike besparing: Die Suid-Afrikaanse situasie 1965.1 tot 1984.4." South African Journal of Business Management 18, no. 1 (March 31, 1987): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v18i1.994.

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The definition of personal savings: The South African situation 1965.1 to 1984.4 The personal savings definition and through that also the time series of personal savings in South Africa in common use, can be described as personal savings as published, amongst others, by the South African Reserve Bank. In the computation of the above time series there are certain deficiencies and the time series has been queried since the sixties. The objective of this study was to undertake an empirical study of the definition of personal savings in South Africa and through that also the time series of personal savings, and possibly to improve on these. It was indicated that the published personal savings cannot be regarded as a good definition of personal savings in South Africa. Various alternative personal savings definitions were studied critically and it was indicated that it would seem that long-term insurance premiums plus pension fund contributions (i.e. contractual personal savings) should constitute the personal savings definition for South Africa.

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8

FÖLSTER, STEFAN. "Social Insurance Based on Personal Savings." Economic Record 75, no. 1 (March 1999): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1999.tb02429.x.

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9

PEARCE, I. F., and S. H. THOMAS. "PERSONAL SAVINGS AND TRANSACTIONS BALANCE CHANGES." Manchester School 54, no. 4 (December 1986): 380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.1986.tb01280.x.

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10

Doda, Sanie, and Shkelqim Fortuzi. "The Impact of Saving in Personal Finance." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 2, no. 1 (August 30, 2015): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v2i1.p108-112.

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Personal finance shows how we manage of our financial resources. Represents our willingness about money and in general money management our economic and financial. This means you need to decide by yourself for your money, to have success. Savings for each case helps us to overcome such crisis in our lives. Saving helps us to overcome significant problems in our lives. To manage our income means to start a journey towards financial freedom. This does not necessarily mean having a luxurious life, but to adopt effective measures of achieving a certain comfort efficient management of money for each individual brings a qualitative growth. Money is a tool, the means by which we support our unique values and priorities. Therefore it is important to create a financial plan, savings strategies. Goals and opportunities for individuals to save are different and it is difficult to find a suitable solution for all. Albania has not started functioning separate windows or agencies that are only in terms of personal finance.

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11

Samsu Anuar, NOOR Hannah. "THE DETERMINANTS INFLUENCING PERSONAL FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR THROUGH PERSONAL FINANCIAL STRATEGY." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (April 22, 2019): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v4i2.763.

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Bankruptcy problems among the individuals in Malaysia is still a continuous concern regardless of its decreasing trend. Malaysian Department of Insolvency (MdI) reveals that most of the loan defaulters were consist of the early adulthood group. These individuals portray how do they make financial decisions in terms of budgeting, savings and expenditure. This study aims to understand the patterns of the savings and expenditure habit of the early adulthood in financial institutions. It is found that the early adulthood shows a good conduct of financial behavior, however there are not properly planned and organized in terms of savings. Apart from that, the objective of this study also is to investigate the significant determinants of financial management, financial attitude and normative influencer towards personal financial behavior by exploring the relationship exist between variables through multiple regression analysis. A survey approach using convenient sampling has been adopted to conduct the study and it was distributed among the employees of financial institution in selected branch of Employees Provident Fund (EPF), Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (IRBM), CIMB Bank and Hong Leong Bank. Imperatively, Cronbachâ€™s alpha and Exploratory Factor Analysis were tested to improve the reliability of the survey. This study is differed from the previous studies as it adopts Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) for each analysis to gain a meaningful result. To further improve on the previous literatures, this study intends to propose a personal financial strategy which is the Balanced Money Formula on managing personal finance concerning to the allocation of monthly income towards budgeting, savings and expenditure in an optimal manner among early adulthoods. Thus, this particular study uses a real-time data that can be used as references for future research and a new theory on exploring and understanding new financial management methods may be achieved.

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PRESTON., ESME. "PERSONAL SAVINGS THROUGH INSTITUTIONAL CHANNELS (1937-1949)." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 12, no. 9 (May 1, 2009): 243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1950.mp12009001.x.

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13

LYDALL, H. F. "NATIONAL SURVEY OF PERSONAL INCOMES AND SAVINGS." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 15, no. 2-3 (May 1, 2009): 35–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1953.mp15002001.x.

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LYDALL, H. F. "NATIONAL SURVEY OF PERSONAL INCOMES AND SAVINGS." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 15, no. 6-7 (May 1, 2009): 193–236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1953.mp15006001.x.

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LYDALL., H. F. "NATIONAL SURVEY OF PERSONAL INCOMES AND SAVINGS." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 15, no. 10-11 (May 1, 2009): 341–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1953.mp15010001.x.

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16

Duke, Anne C., and Brenda J. Cude. "Motivating Personal Contributions to Health Savings Accounts." Journal of Consumer Affairs 50, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 652–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joca.12094.

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17

Lee, Woonsik, Kwanwoo Song, and Hyejung Cho. "Visual comfort considered light control methods for energy efficient office buildings: A case study." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 3 (2018): 875–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170915021l.

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This paper presents and investigates the performance of light control methods for energy savings with optimal visual comfort in open-plan office. By grouping personal light zone and tracking user?s location, we can provide an energy efficient light control in the office. Simulation and pilot testing results show that more than 60% energy savings could be achieved while providing recommended visual comfort level for each user. Since the proposed methods provide unprecedented energy savings, it can be said that this is a remarkable energy saving technology in the field of light control.

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18

Akeny, Emmanuel, and David Mwesigwa. "Personal savings and household investments: a cohort study among primary school teachers." Annals of Management and Organization Research 1, no. 4 (May 25, 2020): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/amor.v1i4.468.

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Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relationship between personal savings and household investments among a cohort of primary school teachers in lira city. Research methodology: The study used a cross-sectional survey design with a quantitative research approach. Data were collected from a sample of 103 respondents with the period between October 2020 and January 2021 using self-administered questionnaires. The Content Validity Index was used to establish validity, while the Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient was used to test reliability. Results: Using descriptive and inferential statistics, the results suggest that civil servants' personal financial planning is high due to personal savings. Also, the level of household investment is high and the correlation reveals that the relationship between private savings and household investment is very weak and negative. Limitations: This study focused on personal savings only, yet other constructs affect household investments. Contribution: This study's results help civil servants in Lira city and Uganda in general since personal savings are an essential factor to household investments. Keywords: Personal savings, Household investment, Primary teacher, Financial planning, Lira

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19

Kotzé, Liezel, and Prof A. v. A. Smit. "Personal financial literacy and personal debt management: The potential relationship with new venture creation." Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2008): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajesbm.v1i1.11.

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<p>Prior research shows that personal savings are one of the most important financial sources for start-ups of entrepreneurial firms. The lack of personal savings and seeming shortage of financial knowledge could contribute to the low incidence of new venture creation, and the high failure rate amongst South African entrepreneurs. This paper investigates the perceptions of 286 Business Management students with a minimum of three years’ working and management experience, regarding both their financial literacy and their need and desire for financial education. The outcomes of the study show the necessity for financial education and financial literacy in South Africa. The respondents showed a lack of confidence in their money management skills and expressed a desire for more financial knowledge. It is possible that an increased level of financial literacy could lead to more entrepreneurial activity and a decrease in new venture failures.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Key words and phrases:</strong> personal financial literacy, personal debt, personal savings, personal financial management, new venture creation</p>

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20

Ferri, Piero. "THE PERSONAL SAVINGS RATIO IN A TURBULENT ENVIRONMENT(*)." Metroeconomica 34, no. 1-3 (July 28, 2006): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-999x.1982.tb00072.x.

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21

PRESTON., ESME. "PERSONAL SAVINGS THROUGH INSTITUTIONAL CHANNELS 1949 AND 1950." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 13, no. 9 (May 1, 2009): 294–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1951.mp13009002.x.

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22

Rehman, Sayed Moinuddin, and Anis Mahomed Karodia. "A Commentary on Personal Savings and Societal Responsibility." Nigerian Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review 2, no. 2 (March 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0003721.

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23

Musiał, Marta. "PERSONAL FINANCE MANAGEMENT IN POLAND FROM 2004-2013." CBU International Conference Proceedings 3 (September 19, 2015): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v3.603.

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This article describes the state of household finance management in Poland. The analysis consists of three basic elements of household finance, such as income and expenditure of Polish households, savings and investments of Polish households, and Polish households debt. The presented data represent the time period from 2004 to 2013. The data came from reports of National Central Bank in Poland and Central Statistical Office in Poland. Based on the presented data, it can be said that the situation of Polish household has improved during the analyzed period. Moreover, Polish household characterized risk aversion decision by saving their money mostly in the form of bank deposit or cash.

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24

KLAWITTER, MARIEKA M., C. LEIGH ANDERSON, and MARY KAY GUGERTY. "SAVINGS AND PERSONAL DISCOUNT RATES IN A MATCHED SAVINGS PROGRAM FOR LOW-INCOME FAMILIES." Contemporary Economic Policy 31, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 468–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.2012.00325.x.

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25

De Turck, Sven, Nathan Van Den Bossche, and Jelle Laverge. "The potential of Personal Conditioning Systems." MATEC Web of Conferences 282 (2019): 02098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928202098.

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Traditional HVAC systems provide a uniform indoor climate for the whole building or space, whereas the occupants each have their own comfort preferences. The result is suboptimal comfort for the occupants on the one hand, with at best up to 5 % of dissatisfied, and energy losses due to control on the safe side by the building operators. Personalised conditioning systems (PCS) do not aim to heat, cool or ventilate the space but to deliver the heat, cold and fresh air directly to the occupant. This paper provides a systematic assessment about the energy saving potential and potential comfort gains that can be achieved by implementing localized and personal HVAC systems in home environments. Using the Human Thermal Module software that allows to study the thermal sensation and thermoregulation under transient and asymmetric environmental conditions, the energy saving potential was evaluated in TRNSYS, and for a case study with different user behavior patterns it was shown that comfortable micro-climates can be achieved by means of heated chairs for an air temperature as low as 17°C, and the total annual energy savings amount to 30% in winter conditions and 70% in summer conditions.

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26

Gravelle, Jane G. "Do Individual Retirement Accounts Increase Savings?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 5, no. 2 (May 1, 1991): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.5.2.133.

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Do IRAs increase savings or are they merely a windfall for otherwise well-off taxpayers? A major objective of universal IRAs was to encourage saving for retirement. A spirited debate has ensued over the use of IRA tax deductions as a means of promoting private savings. The crucial policy issue is not whether IRA contributions were substantial; they clearly were, representing about 30 percent of personal savings from 1982 to 1986. Rather the important question is the source of IRA contributions. IRAs can be financed out of 1) tax savings themselves; 2) shifting existing assets into IRAs; 3) borrowing; 4) diverting new savings into IRAs; or 5) reducing consumption. The key question is how much of IRA savings comes from reduced consumption. For overall savings to increase, private savings must increase by more than the tax savings. Conventional economic theory and evidence strongly suggests that IRAs were not effective savings incentives. The challenge to this view rests largely on studies which have appealed to a variety of “psychological” factors not normally incorporated in economic analysis. This paper reviews both types of analysis and concludes that the conventional view remains sound. Thus, a dollar devoted to deficit reduction is likely to be a safer bet for increasing savings than a dollar devoted to IRA benefits.

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27

Dagenais, Marcel G. "Measuring Personal Savings, Consumption, and Disposable Income in Canada." Canadian Journal of Economics 25, no. 3 (August 1992): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/135739.

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28

Amoateng, Kofi A. "Do stock and home ownership influence US personal savings?" Managerial Finance 28, no. 4 (April 2002): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03074350210767780.

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Zuanazzi, Pedro Tonon, Adelar Fochezatto, and Marcos Vinicio Wink Junior. "Social Security Reform and Personal Saving: Evidence from Brazil." International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 9 (August 12, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n9p26.

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The population aging process has caused a financial imbalance in the social security systems of countries based on pay as you go system, as is the case in Brazil. To face this challenge, the Brazilian governments have undertaken several reforms since the 1988 Constitution. Confronting the life cycle hypothesis, the aim of this paper is to estimate the causal effects of Social Security Reforms on the Likelihood of Saving in Brazil by exploring two exogenous events, the 41th (of 2003) and 47th (of 2005) Constitutional Amendments, that reduced the expectations of benefits only for public servants. Using data from the House Budget Surveys, the results of differences-in-differences models show that the reform increased in a range of 2.1 to 2.9 percentage points in the probability of saving of the treated group. The results are in line with the recent literature indicating that reforms contribute to an increase in personal savings.

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30

Mayhew, Les, and David Smith. "Personal Care Savings Bonds: A New Way of Saving Towards Social Care in Later Life." Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice 39, no. 4 (October 2014): 668–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/gpp.2014.30.

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31

Benartzi, Shlomo, and Richard H. Thaler. "Heuristics and Biases in Retirement Savings Behavior." Journal of Economic Perspectives 21, no. 3 (July 1, 2007): 81–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.21.3.81.

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Standard economic theories of saving implicitly assume that households have the cognitive ability to solve the relevant optimization problem and the willpower to execute the optimal plan. Both of the implicit assumptions are suspect. Even among economists, few spend much time calculating a personal optimal savings rate. Instead, most people cope by adopting simple heuristics, or rules of thumb. In this paper, we investigate both the heuristics and the biases that emerge in the area of retirement savings. We examine the decisions employees make about whether to join a savings plan, how much to contribute, and how to invest. Saving for retirement is a difficult problem, and most employees have little training upon which to draw in making the relevant decisions. Perhaps as a result, investors are relatively passive. They are slow to join advantageous plans; they make infrequent changes; and they adopt naive diversification strategies. In short, they need all the help they can get. We discuss the possible role of interventions aiming to improve retirement decision making. Fortunately, many effective ways to help participants are also the least costly interventions: namely, small changes in plan design, sensible default options, and opportunities to increase savings rates and rebalance portfolios automatically.

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Lulaj, Enkeleda, Blerta Dragusha, Donjeta Lulaj, Vjollca Rustaj, and Albiona Gashi. "HOUSEHOLDS SAVINGS AND FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR IN RELATION TO THE ABILITY TO HANDLE FINANCIAL EMERGENCIES: CASE STUDY OF KOSOVO." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 20, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2021.20.1.4.

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To reflect the financial situation of households, especially for emergencies, the main purpose of this research is to analyze financial behavior in relation to savings. This research explains the interaction of minimum savings rules and committed forms of saving, which means that the use of personal budgets depends on financial behavior due to insecurity and the financial situation of families. The research is consistent with some empirical findings on financial behavior in relation to savings, which affect the growth or decline of the economy, because the lower the well-being of families the lower the economic growth or vice versa. The validation of the hypotheses was realized through the analysis of field findings, using the econometric model of savings in relation to financial behavior through factor analysis, reliability analysis and multiple regression analysis. The main finding of this research is the lack of financial behavior to save for emergencies. These findings are important in order for households to be aware of financial behavior in relation to savings, because there is no emergency fund to cover their needs.

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33

Barrell, Ray. "UK Savings and Pensions." National Institute Economic Review 190 (October 2004): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795010419000105.

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The lack of savings by the UK personal (and private) sector has been a matter of concern to us for some time, in part because it has been clear that inadequate provision has been made for future pension liabilities. The recently published Turner report has highlighted this problem and suggested that on current commitments some 5.2 per cent more of GDP needs to be directed to pensioners in 2050 than is currently the case. Assets have to be built up to provide this extra income, and increased saving is necessary in order to do this. In this note we consider the macroeconomic impacts of building up assets to ensure that the increasing allocation of income to pensioners that an aging population may require is managed efficiently.

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34

Darku, Alexander Bilson. "Income inequality, status seeking, and savings rates in Canada." Canadian Studies in Population 41, no. 3-4 (December 10, 2014): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p63w4d.

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This paper uses Canadian provincial-level data and a variant of James uesenberry’s relative income hypothesis proposed by Frank et al. (2010) to examine the relationship between income inequality and savings rates. The theory predicts that increased expenditure of top income earners leads those just below them in the income scale to spend more as well, then the next group also spends more, and so on. This phenomenon is due to people’s status seeking behaviour. Hence, increased income inequality will trigger increases in consumption by individuals in all income groups, which in turn leads to declining personal savings rates. The empirical analysis based on this theory led to some interesting findings. First, at the national level, increased income inequality has a significant negative effect on personal savings rates. At the provincial level, the relationship also emerges in eight of ten provinces. Second, both the national and provincial results imply that growth in per capita income that worsens income inequality impacts negatively on personal savings rates. I interpret the results as evidence that social factors such as status-seeking generate consumption interdependence and are significant determinants of consumption and savings decisions of Canadians.

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35

Ruza, Christina. "Savings neutrality for the new personal income tax in Spain." International Advances in Economic Research 7, no. 3 (August 2001): 296–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02295399.

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Wardana, Talung, Mulyadi Mulyadi, and Santi Nururly. "Analisis Pengaruh Kebijakan Promotional Mix Terhadap Nilai Tabungan Nasabah." ALEXANDRIA (Journal of Economics, Business, & Entrepreneurship) 1, no. 1 (November 30, 2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/alexandria.v1i1.21.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the level of significance of Promotional mix activities on the value of customer savings at PD. BPR. LKP Kotaraja (East Lombok) and to find out which promotional tools have a greater influence on the value of customer savings at PD. BPR. LKP Kotaraja (East Lombok). This type of research is descriptive research. The data collection method used is a case study. Data collection techniques by interview and documentation. The analysis tool used is multiple linear regression. From the results of data analysis, the regression equation Y = -1850682618 + 433.402X¬¬1 + 90.036X2 is obtained. Multiple linear correlation coefficient of 0.995. The coefficient of determination is 0.990, meaning that it is 99 percent of the value of customer savings in PD. BPR. LKP Kotaraja (East Lombok) can be explained by the cost of the promotion mix. Based on the analysis of the partial determination coefficient, it was obtained a value of 0.962 (96.2%) for personal selling and for sales promotion of 0.670 (67%). After the F test is carried out, it is obtained that the F count is 98.779 with an F table of 19.00. For the t test, respectively, the values were 7.192 for personal selling and 2.020 for sales promotion costs. The results showed that the personal selling activity and sales promotion simultaneously had a significant effect on the value of customer savings at PD. BPR. LKP Kotaraja (East Lombok). Personal selling activity has a significant effect (7,192> 4,303) on the value of customer savings at PD. BPR. LKP Kotaraja (East Lombok). That personal selling activities provide a greater influence than sales promotion activities

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37

Wadhwani, R. Daniel. "The Institutional Foundations of Personal Finance: Innovation in U.S. Savings Banks, 1880s–1920s." Business History Review 85, no. 3 (2011): 499–528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000768051100078x.

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The system of personal finance that developed in the United States was more fragmented than comparative arrangements in most industrializing countries, where savings banks had become large, diversified financial institutions. The federalist political structure of the U.S., combined with lobbying by existing intermediaries, inhibited the establishment of a centralized public provider of financial services for households such as emerged elsewhere. Moreover, the United States did not develop strong, diversified savings institutions at the local level, due in part to regulations that stifled innovation by savings banks and in part to the risk-averse organizational culture of the banks themselves. These factors enabled the proliferation of specialized intermediaries that aggressively marketed new financial services to households and facilitated the growth of new patterns of financial behavior among ordinary Americans.

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38

Hsu, Chungwen. "Information Sources and Retirement Savings of Working Women." Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning 27, no. 2 (2016): 252–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1052-3073.27.2.252.

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This study examined how retirement planning information search was related to retirement savings of working women. By controlling for sociodemographic variables, the study further explored factors associated with individual information sources for retirement planning. An online survey was developed to collect data from a national population, obtaining 591 valid responses. The results showed that women who learned about retirement planning through discussions with friends/relatives tended to save less in their personal retirement savings, whereas those who obtained information from financial advisors tended to save more. Personal income was positively associated with seeking information from financial advisors. The study concluded by discussing the implications for financial service providers, retirement plan marketers, financial educators, researchers, and policymakers.

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39

Randjelovic, Sasa. "Estimating the impact of income tax on personal savings in Serbia: The two channels approach." Acta Oeconomica 66, no. 2 (June 2016): 261–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2016.66.2.4.

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This paper provides an empirical evaluation of the effects of income taxation on personal savings in Serbia, by taking into account both transmitting channels: the direct impact of capital income tax on the rate-of-return and the indirect impact of labour income tax on disposable income. The estimated elasticity of bank deposits to the rate of return of 0.3 and the estimated elasticity of employment income to a labour tax wedge of −0.38 suggest that income tax function aimed at minimising the efficiency losses should not considerably differentiate the tax burden on labour and capital income. We show that in the case of the introduction of a revenue-neutral income tax, with a single marginal tax rate of 15% and considerably larger labour income exemption, households’ savings in Serbia would decline by 0.27%. This means that the negative impact of a rise in the capital income tax wedge on savings would prevail over the positive effects of a labour tax wedge cut. The results imply that the overall possibility to boost savings using tax policy is modest.

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GERRANS, PAUL, and MARILYN CLARK-MURPHY. "Gender differences in retirement savings decisions." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 3, no. 2 (July 2004): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747204001477.

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As members of the Australian workforce approach retirement, they are being presented with increased choice in their superannuation investments. With increased choice has come greater personal responsibility for ensuring adequate retirement savings. This paper explores gender differences in superannuation investment choices through a range of interactions with individual demographics and in doing so a gender effect can be further refined than previous research has identified. The data for this paper comes from a survey of members of the Superannuation Scheme for Australian Universities (SSAU).

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Ajwa, Martine T., Gerald D. Martin, and Ted Vavoulis. "Estimating Personal Consumption With and Without Savings in Wrongful Death Cases." Journal of Forensic Economics 13, no. 1 (December 1, 2000): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5085/0898-5510-13.1.1.

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Meltzer, Judy. "‘Good citizenship’ and the promotion of personal savings accounts in Peru." Citizenship Studies 17, no. 5 (August 2013): 641–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2013.818382.

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Block, Fred. "Bad Data Drive Out Good: The Decline of Personal Savings Reexamined." Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 13, no. 1 (September 1990): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01603477.1990.11489828.

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Hall, Crystal C. "Promoting Savings for Financial Resilience: Expanding the Psychological Perspective." Current Directions in Psychological Science 30, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721420979603.

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In the United States, the lack of personal savings has been a perennial concern in the world of public policy. Policymakers and other practitioners constantly struggle with how to encourage families to accumulate funds in preparation for inevitable, but often unpredictable, financial emergencies. The field of applied behavioral science has attempted to address this challenge—often with mixed or modest results. I argue that psychological science (personality and social psychology in particular) offers underappreciated insights into the design and implementation of policy interventions to improve the rate of individual savings. In this article, I briefly discuss examples of prior interventions that have attempted to increase saving and then lay out some opportunities that have not been deeply explored. Future research in this area should broaden and deepen the way that psychology is leveraged as a tool to improve the financial security of the people who are the most vulnerable.

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Carter, Susan Payne, and William Skimmyhorn. "Can Information Change Personal Retirement Savings? Evidence from Social Security Benefits Statement Mailings." AEA Papers and Proceedings 108 (May 1, 2018): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20181041.

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Despite concern about the viability of public retirement programs and potential undersaving for retirement, we still know little about the impact of government provided information on individual behavior. We exploit plausibly exogenous variation in exposure to the world's largest personalized retirement benefits statement from the US Social Security Administration to evaluate the effects of information and encouragement on individual retirement savings decisions. Using three natural experiments between 2011 and 2014 and administrative data, we find no impact of the statements on individual retirement savings in their employer provided retirement accounts.

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Manrique Morteo, Georgina, Milka Elena Escalera-Chavez, and Elena Moreno-Garcia. "Formal and Informal Savings Habits and Income Levels: A Case Study in Mexico." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 5 (June 10, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n5p1.

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Saving represents one of the most important determinants of personal success and economic development. However, in developing economies, opportunities for structured and institutionalized savings are rare. The intention of the study is to generate evidence on the type of relationship existing between income levels and formal and informal saving habits of a group of people from three different cities in Mexico. From a non-probabilistic convenience sampling, the data of 260 participants were obtained. A logit model was estimated. The results show that there is a positive relationship between higher income levels and formal saving habits and an inverse relationship between higher income levels and informal saving practices. Although the size of the sample does not allow conclusions to be drawn to the level of generalization, it has allowed the generation of evidence that in future studies can be contrasted with a larger sample.

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Lay, Nico Yudhinata, Erna Listiana, and Heriyadi Heriyadi. "Analisis Pengaruh Service Quality, Personal Selling dan Complain Handling Melalui Satisfaction Serta Trust terhadap Customer Retention (Survei Nasabah Tabungan Bank Harda Internasional Cabang Pontianak)." Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan 7, no. 2 (August 18, 2018): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jebik.v7i2.25694.

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This study aims to determine the effects of service quality, personal selling and complain handling through satisfaction and trust on customer retention on the customer of Harda International Savings Bank, in Pontianak branch. The sample of this study consisted of 100 respondents of customers of Harda International Savings Bank, Pontianak. This associative study employed a survey method and a path analysis. The results of hypothesis test using test-F shows that the variables of service quality, personal selling, and complain handling have significant influence on satisfaction. Likewise the t-test results of hypothesis shows the variables of service quality, personal selling, and complain handling significantly influence satisfaction. Subsequently, satisfaction variable has significant influence on trust and customer retention. Meanwhile, trust variable has significant influence on customer retention.

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Nelson, Arthur C. "PART 3: Society: Social Benefits of Transit: Case Study of Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1576, no. 1 (January 1997): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1576-16.

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Advocates of transit suggest that there are several important social benefits of transit systems—savings in pollution, congestion, and general social costs. Estimates of such savings have been limited to general comparisons with the personal occupancy vehicle (POV) mode usually on a vehicle-miles-traveled basis. Those savings are simulated in the context of the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA). It is estimated that between 1980 and 1994, MARTA generated about $2.2 billion in total social cost savings by diverting POV riders to transit. Compared with the POV alternative, MARTA generates an average of about $107 million annually in savings to society even after considering society’s subsidies to transit. Shortcomings of the analysis and policy implications are discussed.

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Sussman, Abigail B., and Rourke L. O'Brien. "Knowing When to Spend: Unintended Financial Consequences of Earmarking to Encourage Savings." Journal of Marketing Research 53, no. 5 (October 2016): 790–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmr.14.0455.

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Maintaining savings is an important financial goal. Yet there are times when savings should be spent, such as when people face unavoidable costs, and spending their savings allows them to avoid high interest rate debt. Existing behavioral research has focused on consumer decisions between savings and discretionary spending and has proposed interventions to promote savings in these contexts. However, when spending is not discretionary, such interventions could risk exacerbating a pattern found in economic research in which people borrow high interest rate debt while maintaining savings that earn low levels of interest. To examine how mental accounting interacts with considerations of personal responsibility and guilt to contribute to this pattern, this article explores whether people spend their savings when they need money most: during emergencies. Six studies reveal that people's tendency to preserve savings by borrowing from a high interest rate credit option varies as a function of the savings’ intended use. Paradoxically, people are most likely to turn to high interest rate credit with the belief that doing so is the responsible option.

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Bednarczyk, Teresa H., Ilona Skibińska-Fabrowska, and Anna Szymańska. "An Empirical Study on the Financial Preparation for Retirement of the Independent Workers for Profit in Poland." Risks 9, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks9090160.

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Modern pension schemes are based on the delegation of responsibility for pension provision from state institutions to individuals, which implies voluntary retirement saving. Workers for profit (independent workers in household market enterprises) hold much greater personal responsibility for financing their pensions than workers for pay. The main aim of this study was to provide an empirical identification of economic and social factors that would determine the propensity toward long-term saving for pensions by independent, for-profit workers in Poland. Additionally, the study recognizes the level of saving accumulated by them as well as preferred forms in which this saving is made.In order to select determinants of pension saving, a logistic regression model was used. The data come from the direct survey conducted in 2020 by CAWI method (Computer-Assisted Web Interview) on a random nationwide sample of Poles. The analysis of the data also used other methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics. The conducted research showed that the respondents’ individual decisions concerning saving for retirement are affected by such factors as gender, age, family situation, amount of revenue, share of revenue from business activity in total revenue, and subjective assessment of the respondents’ financial situation. The respondents declared holding various, though not high, savings. Moreover, it turned out that independent workers for profit in Poland opt for non-conventional forms of gathering pension savings.

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