Journal articles: 'Personality and culture Cross-cultural studies'

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Terracciano, Antonio, and Robert R. McCrae. "Cross-cultural studies of personality traits and their relevance to psychiatry." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 15, no. 3 (September 2006): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00004425.

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SUMMARYAims – This article provides a brief review of recent cross-cultural research on personality traits at both individual and culture levels, highlighting the relevance of recent findings for psychiatry. Method – In most cultures around the world, personality traits can be clearly summarized by the five broad dimensions of the Five-Factor Model (FFM), which makes it feasible to compare cultures on personality and psychopathology. Results – Maturational patterns and sex differences in personality traits generally show cultural invariance, which generates the hypothesis that age of onset, clinical evolution, and sex differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders might follow similar universal patterns. The average personality profiles from 51 cultures show meaningful geographical distributions and associations with culture-level variables, but are clearly unrelated to national character stereotypes. Conclusions – Aggregate personality scores can potentially be related to epidemiological data on psychiatric disorders, and dimensional personality models have implications for psychiatric diagnosis and treatment around the world.Declaration of Interest: This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute on Aging. Robert R. McCrae receives royalties from the Revised NEO Personality Inventory.

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Ramírez-Esparza, Nairán, Cindy K. Chung, Gisela Sierra-Otero, and James W. Pennebaker. "Cross-Cultural Constructions of Self-Schemas." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 43, no. 2 (August 28, 2011): 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022110385231.

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A “spontaneous approach” was used to define self-schemas within and across cultures. Specifically, self-schemas were extracted from open-ended personality descriptions from Americans ( n = 560) and Mexicans ( n = 496) using the Meaning Extraction Method (MEM). The MEM relies on text analytic tools and factor analyses to learn about the most salient and chronically activated dimensions of personality that influence individuals’ self-defining process. The results showed that there were seven relevant self-schemas for Americans and six dimensions for Mexicans. Using qualitative and quantitative analyses, it was possible to observe which self-schemas were cross-cultural and which were culture-specific: Self-schemas common across cultures were Sociability, Values, Hobbies/Daily Activities, and Emotionality. Self-schemas unique to Americans were Fun, Existentialism, and College Experience. Self-schemas unique to Mexicans were Relationships and Simpatía. We discuss cross-cultural differences in self-schemas, along with the advantages and limitations of using the MEM in cross-cultural research.

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Allik, Jüri, Koorosh Massoudi, Anu Realo, and Jérôme Rossier. "Personality and Culture." Swiss Journal of Psychology 71, no. 1 (January 2012): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000069.

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A review of nearly three decades of cross-cultural research shows that this domain still has to address several issues regarding the biases of data collection and sampling methods, the lack of clear and consensual definitions of constructs and variables, and measurement invariance issues that seriously limit the comparability of results across cultures. Indeed, a large majority of the existing studies are still based on the anthropological model, which compares two cultures and mainly uses convenience samples of university students. This paper stresses the need to incorporate a larger variety of regions and cultures in the research designs, the necessity to theorize and identify a larger set of variables in order to describe a human environment, and the importance of overcoming methodological weaknesses to improve the comparability of measurement results. Cross-cultural psychology is at the next crossroads in it’s development, and researchers can certainly make major contributions to this domain if they can address these weaknesses and challenges.

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Jankowsky, Kristin, Gabriel Olaru, and Ulrich Schroeders. "Compiling Measurement Invariant Short Scales in Cross–Cultural Personality Assessment Using Ant Colony Optimization." European Journal of Personality 34, no. 3 (May 2020): 470–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2260.

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Examining the influence of culture on personality and its unbiased assessment is the main subject of cross–cultural personality research. Recent large–scale studies exploring personality differences across cultures share substantial methodological and psychometric shortcomings that render it difficult to differentiate between method and trait variance. One prominent example is the implicit assumption of cross–cultural measurement invariance in personality questionnaires. In the rare instances where measurement invariance across cultures was tested, scalar measurement invariance—which is required for unbiased mean–level comparisons of personality traits—did not hold. In this article, we present an item sampling procedure, ant colony optimization, which can be used to select item sets that satisfy multiple psychometric requirements including model fit, reliability, and measurement invariance. We constructed short scales of the IPIP–NEO–300 for a group of countries that are culturally similar (USA, Australia, Canada, and UK) as well as a group of countries with distinct cultures (USA, India, Singapore, and Sweden). In addition to examining factor mean differences across countries, we provide recommendations for cross–cultural research in general. From a methodological perspective, we demonstrate ant colony optimization's versatility and flexibility as an item sampling procedure to derive measurement invariant scales for cross–cultural research. © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

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Ben-Porath, Yossef S., Moshe Almagor, Aviva Hoffman-Chemi, and Auke Tellegen. "A Cross-Cultural Study of Personality with the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 26, no. 4 (July 1995): 360–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022195264002.

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Church, A. Timothy. "Prospects for an integrated trait and cultural psychology." European Journal of Personality 23, no. 3 (May 2009): 153–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.700.

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Church (2000) discussed a possible integration of trait and cultural psychology perspectives, two dominant theoretical approaches in the study of culture and personality. In this article, I summarise the results of cross‐cultural studies we have conducted to test elements of this integrated perspective, discuss prospects for an integrated approach, and note future research needs. The studies address the measurement of implicit theories regarding the traitedness versus contextuality of behaviour; culture, method, and the content of self‐concepts; culture and explanations of everyday behaviours; accuracy and self‐enhancement in trait assessments; cross‐role consistency and its relation to adjustment; and cross‐situational consistency and trait prediction of daily behaviour. Our results, and those of other researchers, indicate that an integration of trait and cultural psychology perspectives has potential. However, some findings suggest that cultural psychology hypotheses may be more consistently supported in comparisons of Americans with selected Asian cultures than in comparisons of individualistic and collectivistic cultures more generally. Thus, an integrated perspective may need to be recast using theoretical perspectives that go beyond individualism–collectivism. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Bijnen, Emanuel J., Theo Z. J. Van Der Net, and Ype H. Poortinga. "On Cross-Cultural Comparative Studies with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 17, no. 1 (March 1986): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002186017001001.

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Bornstein, Marc H., Chun-Shin Hahn, O. Maurice Haynes, J. Belsky, Hiroshi Azuma, Keumjoo Kwak, Sharone Maital, et al. "Maternal personality and parenting cognitions in cross-cultural perspective." International Journal of Behavioral Development 31, no. 3 (May 2007): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025407074632.

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A total of 467 mothers of firstborn 20-month-old children from 7 countries (103 Argentine, 61 Belgian, 39 Israeli, 78 Italian, 57 Japanese, 69 Korean, and 60 US American) completed the Jackson Personality Inventory (JPI), measures of parenting cognitions (self-perceptions and knowledge), and a social desirability scale. Our first analysis showed that the Five-Factor structure of personality (Openness, Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness) could be extracted from the JPI scales when cross-cultural data from mothers in the 7 countries were analyzed; it was also replicable and generalizable in mothers from so-called individualist and collectivist cultures. Our second analysis showed that the five personality factors relate differently to diverse parenting cognitions in those individualist versus collectivist cultures. Maternal personality has significance in studies of normative parenting, child development, and family process across cultural contexts.

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Harrison, J. Kline, and Elizabeth Voelker. "Two Personality Variables and the Cross-cultural Adjustment of Study Abroad Students." Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 17, no. 1 (December 30, 2008): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v17i1.245.

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This article presents a study which focuses on two personality characteristics--emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial attitude orientation, which are expected to impact the cross-cultural adjustment of students while studying abroad. Based on self-assessments by university students who have studied abroad for a semester, this research examines the impact of both personality characteristics on their adjustment to their host culture.

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McCrae, Robert R., Antonio Terracciano, Anu Realo, and Jüri Allik. "On the validity of culture‐level personality and stereotype scores." European Journal of Personality 21, no. 8 (December 2007): 987–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.659.

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In response to comments by Perugini and Richetin and by Ashton, we discuss the reference‐group effect as a potential source of distortion in cross‐cultural comparisons and suggest some research designs to test its nature and importance. We argue that laboratory studies of personality are of limited utility in understanding personality questionnaire responses in real life. We summarise evidence in favour of the validity of aggregate personality traits and suggest that more scepticism is needed with regard to the accuracy of national character stereotypes. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Church, A. Timothy, and Walter J. Lonner. "The Cross-Cultural Perspective in the Study of Personality." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 29, no. 1 (January 1998): 32–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022198291003.

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Butcher, James N., Jeeyoung Lim, and Elahe Nezami. "Objective Study of Abnormal Personality in Cross-Cultural Settings." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 29, no. 1 (January 1998): 189–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022198291010.

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Saucier, Gerard. "Is religiousness a form of variation in personality, or in culture, or neither? Conceptual issues and empirical indications." Archive for the Psychology of Religion 41, no. 3 (November 2019): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0084672419894677.

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It has become widely recognized that religiousness has a predictable pattern of small associations with Big Five personality dimensions, and has some intersections with cultural psychology. But just how large are those culture-religiosity intersections, and are there additional associations with personality when one extends beyond the restricted spectrum represented by Big Five traits? Moreover, do the answers to these questions depend on how religiousness is defined and measured? I argue that, both conceptually and empirically, religiousness itself meets the criteria for a personality dimension (including stability, heritability, and other grounds), and is simultaneously for the most part a cultural phenomenon reflecting often widely shared sets of beliefs, values, worldviews, and norms. The patterns of modest associations with other personality dimensions, from the Big Five and beyond, are consistent with both arguments. A distributive model of culture, under which culture is aggregated personalities (and especially mindsets) helps make sense of these relations. Tradition-oriented religiousness tends to have a prominent position in enduring-order (as contrasted with evolving-order) cultures, which helps account for its occasional expressions in political religion. In contrast, mystical spirituality is more prone to manifest as a sub-cultural phenomenon peripheral to mainstream culture. But for either conception—religiousness or spirituality—the same personality-and-culture propositions appear to hold. Nonetheless, religiousness seems not totally reducible to a variable for personality or cultural psychology, and considerations are introduced regarding what that irreducible element is most likely to be.

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Piedmont, Ralph L., and Joon-Ho Chae. "Cross-Cultural Generalizability of the Five-Factor Model of Personality." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 28, no. 2 (March 1997): 131–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022197282001.

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Saroglou, Vassilis. "Trans-Cultural/Religious Constants vs. Cross-Cultural/Religious Differences in Psychological Aspects of Religion." Archive for the Psychology of Religion 25, no. 1 (January 2003): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157361203x00057.

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Are there trans-religious, trans-cultural constants in psychological aspects of religion across different religions and cultures? An excessively culturalistic approach may overlook this possibility, putting an emphasis on the uniqueness of the religious phenomenon studied as emerging from a complex of multiple contextual factors. This article reviews empirical studies in psychology of religion in the 1990s that mainly include participants from different Christian denominations, but also from other religions: Muslims, Jews and Hindus. It appeared, at first, that several cross-cultural/religious differences can be documented (especially between Catholics and Protestants), but the interpretation of these differences is not simple, as other factors may interfere. Secondly it turned out that an impressive series of psychological constants also exist across different denominations, religions, and cultures. These constants include personality correlates, gender and gender orientation, positive and negative values, cognitive and affective aspects, identity formation, social attitudes and consequences.

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Fetvadjiev, Velichko H., Tia Neha, Fons J. R. van de Vijver, Martin McManus, and Deon Meiring. "The Cross-Cultural Relevance of Indigenous Measures: The South African Personality Inventory (SAPI), Family Orientation, and Well-Being in New Zealand." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 52, no. 1 (November 16, 2020): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022120969979.

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Indigenous personality research often remains limited to its cultural context of origin. Previous cross-cultural examinations of indigenous models have typically focused on East–West comparisons and have paid scant attention to the predictive validity of indigenous models in new contexts. The present study addresses the replicability of the South African Personality Inventory (SAPI) and its predictive validity for family orientation and well-being in New Zealand European ( n = 428) and Māori students ( n = 226). The structure of the SAPI in New Zealand was equivalent to the structure identified in South Africa and had metric invariance between the two New Zealand groups. The SAPI social-relational scales explained additional variance above neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness in family orientation, but not in well-being. Mediation path analyses suggested that personality played a similar role for family orientation and well-being in the two groups when assessed by the SAPI, although group differences were suggested when using the Big Five Inventory. Our findings indicate that indigenously derived models, developed with the aim to represent culturally salient concepts, can be relevant well beyond their culture of origin and offer an enriched understanding of personality’s role for important outcomes across cultures.

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Angleitner, Alois, David M. Buss, and Andrea I. Demtröder. "A cross‐cultural comparison using the act frequency approach (AFA) in West Germany and the United States." European Journal of Personality 4, no. 3 (September 1990): 187–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410040303.

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Two studies were conducted in West Germany and the United States to investigate cultural similarities and differences on features of personality assessed through act frequency methods. The first study analysed the acts considered to be central and peripheral to each of six dispositional categories: dominance, quarrelsomeness, gregariousness, submissiveness, agreeableness, and aloofness. The results indicated moderate to strong similarity between the cultures in the prototypicality structure for all categories except agreeableness, which showed little concordance. The second study examined the manifested structure of act performance as assessed through retrospective act reports. The results indicated greater similarity of act endorsements between the two sexes within each culture than between cultures within each sex. Generally, the Americans showed higher base rates than the Germans. Furthermore, over all samples, females showed lower base rates than males. The correlations between relative base rates within each of the six different categories were moderately strong between the cultures (0.56, p < 0.001). Analyses of the relations between the prototypicality structure and the manifested structure yielded a complex picture that was highly dependent on dispositional category. For quarrelsome acts, for example, the more central acts were reported to be performed less frequently in both cultures, while other categories showed positive correlations between base rates and prototypicality. The limitations of these studies are described, and future research directions regarding expanding the range of act frequency methods and the number of nations in the search for personality functioning across cultures are suggested.

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Connelly, Brian, and Deniz Ones. "NATIONAL CORRUPTION, NATIONAL PERSONALITY AND NATIONAL CULTURE." Psihologia Resurselor Umane 5, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24837/pru.v5i1.308.

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Even though corruption continues to mar economic progression, worker enthusiasm, and societies' moral constitution, most studies of corruption have been confined to the fields of economics and political science. However, psychological variables, such as personality and cultural values, are likely to be relevant to studying corruption. In the present study of 62 countries, we examined how national averages on the Big Three personality traits, a measure of social desirability, and Hofstede's cultural dimensions relate to perceptions of a nation's level of corruption. The Big Three personality traits showed modest relationships with corruption. However, national averages on a social desirability measure were strongly and positivel correlated with corruption, suggesting that national dishonesty in responding to personality items is related to national dishonesty in corruption. In addition, the discrete, combined, and unique effects of personality and culture on corruption were compared. The findings suggest that both cultural values and personality have relevance for understanding corruption. As globalization continues to promote the exchange of cultural values and the assimilation of both individuals and organizations into new cultures, these findings highlight the need for I/O psychologists to be attentive to both culture and personality in designing human resource systems.

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Costello, Cory K., Dustin Wood, and William Tov. "Revealed Traits: A Novel Method for Estimating Cross-Cultural Similarities and Differences in Personality." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 49, no. 4 (March 5, 2018): 554–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022118757914.

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Cross-cultural research on personality has often led to surprising and countertheoretical findings, which have led to concerns over the validity of country-level estimates of personality (e.g., Heine, Buchtel, & Norenzayan, 2008). The present study explores how cross-cultural differences can be indexed via revealed trait estimates, which index the personality traits of individuals or groups indirectly through their likelihood of responding in particular ways to particular situations. In two studies, we measure self-reports of personality, revealed traits, and revealed preferences for different expected effects (e.g., experiencing excitement) of two cultural groups (U.S. and Singaporean participants). We found typical East–West differences in personality using self-report scales, such as lower levels of Conscientiousness- and Extraversion-related characteristics among Singaporean participants relative to U.S. participants. We found evidence of scale use extremity differences in self-report personality scales but not in revealed trait estimates. Using revealed traits, we found evidence of strikingly high levels of similarity in terms of overall action endorsement, revealed trait estimates, and revealed preferences. However, this was qualified by consistent differences in revealed trait estimates of Extraversion-related characteristics and less consistent differences in revealed trait estimates of Conscientiousness-related characteristics. We also found consistent differences in preferences for different expected effects; for example, Singaporean participants reported lower likelihood of performing actions expected to result in experiencing stimulation or excitement than U.S. participants. Results suggest that similarities in action endorsements and revealed traits may be driven by common preferences for social inclusion and benevolence, and differences may be driven by differing preferences for expending effort, experiencing stimulation, and social attention.

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Maree, Claire. "Writing Onê: Deviant Orthography and Heternormativity in Contemporary Japanese Lifestyle Culture." Media International Australia 147, no. 1 (May 2013): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1314700111.

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Since the turn of the millennium, Japanese variety television has witnessed a revival in onê-kyara (queen personalities). In contemporary lifestyle media, the trans-gendered onê-personality figure is demonstrative of how suitable consumption and personal effort can bring forth the transformational happiness of the individual. The transgressive, radical potential of the figure of transformative non-normative gender is muffled by the onê-personality's positioning within variety television as a friendly expert of extraordinary and often comical proportions. Language is one of the key sites where the tensions of critical expertise and queerness are negotiated via synthetic friendship and comic relief. In lifestyle media, onê-kyara-kotoba (queen-personality-talk) is juxtaposed with conventional Japanese and emerging practices of digital orthography. This social practice of writing effectively facilitates the contemporary fetish of the onê (queen), and the consumption of homosexual and trans-gendered lifestyle experts selling the promise of heteronormative romantic love.

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Bijnen, Emanuel J., and Ype H. Poortinga. "The Questionable Value of Cross-Cultural Comparisons with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 19, no. 2 (June 1988): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022188192005.

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Wasserman, Jason Adam, Naser Aghababaei, and Drew Nannini. "Culture, Personality, and Attitudes Toward Euthanasia." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 72, no. 3 (March 4, 2015): 247–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222815575280.

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This article reports cultural differences in the relationship between personality characteristics and euthanasia attitudes using samples from Iran and the United States. Survey data from university students were analyzed using multivariate regression. Results indicate that while attitudes toward euthanasia are significantly more positive among the U.S. sample, there is significantly greater variation among the Iranian sample. Honesty-Humility and Openness to Experience are predictive factors in both samples, where Agreeableness is only significant among the Iranian group. Additionally, Chow tests of structural features of the multivariate models show significant differences between the two samples. We conclude by discussing implications of these results for understanding cultural similarities and differences in attitudes toward euthanasia, including the practical implications of this work for patient care in an increasingly globalized world.

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Abe, Jo Ann A. "Personality, Well-Being, and Cognitive-Affective Styles: A Cross-Sectional Study of Adult Third Culture Kids." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 49, no. 5 (April 13, 2018): 811–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022118761116.

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Third Culture Kids (TCKs) and their adult counterparts (ATCKs) refer to individuals who spent part of their developmental years abroad and are an important demographic to study in this rapidly globalizing world. To date, the bulk of the research on (A)TCKs has been descriptive and little is known about their developmental trajectories in adulthood. The major objective of this study was to examine the personality traits, dimensions of well-being, and cognitive-affective styles of ATCKs across the adult life span using well-validated psychological measures. A subsidiary goal was to develop a new multidimensional international experiences scale to assess levels of multicultural engagement in ATCKs. The participants in this study ( N = 700+; age = 18-80+) were recruited from the Alumni Office of an international school in Japan. Somewhat contrary to how they are often depicted in the news media and in qualitative studies, the ATCKs showed normative changes in personality and well-being in the direction of greater maturity and adjustment during adulthood, with those reporting higher levels of multicultural engagement generally exhibiting a more resilient personality profile, higher levels of well-being, and more adaptive cognitive and affective styles.

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Lin, Ellen Jia-Ling, and A. Timothy Church. "Are Indigenous Chinese Personality Dimensions Culture-Specific?" Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 35, no. 5 (September 2004): 586–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022104268390.

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BOCK, PHILIP K. "Culture and Personality Revisited." American Behavioral Scientist 44, no. 1 (September 2000): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027640021956071.

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MASTOR, KHAIRUL A., PUTAI JIN, and MARTIN COOPER. "Malay Culture and Personality." American Behavioral Scientist 44, no. 1 (September 2000): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027640021956116.

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Kolchina, O. N., N. P. Dmitrenko, and D. V. Mosova. "THE ROLE OF THE SOCIOCULTURAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE FORMATION OF A CULTURAL DIALOGUE IN THE STRUCTURE OF A LANGUAGE PERSONALITY." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 31, no. 3 (July 13, 2021): 478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2021-31-3-478-483.

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The article is devoted to the issues of the formation of a special language personality type, which is defined through the collaboration of cultures in its structure. The originality of the language personality is based on the interaction of different types of speech culture and different national cultures. The article studies sociocultural factors that can lead to a dialogue of cultures in the structure of a language personality. These factors can be common for the whole society and for an individual. The example of a language personality, in the structure of which there is a dialogue of speech cultures, is Maxim Gorky, a writer who is known for a creative attitude to the word. The dialogue of different national cultures is a mark of originality of the language personality of a modern rock poet Boris Grebenshchikov. It influenced his poetic language. The quality of assimilation of different cultures is realized at the level of meanings of a polysemous word, while either the meanings of the word refer to different cultures, or connotations, related to a particular culture, stick to the major meaning of the word.

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Allik, Jüri, A. Timothy Church, Fernando A. Ortiz, Jérôme Rossier, Martina Hřebíčková, Filip de Fruyt, Anu Realo, and Robert R. McCrae. "Mean Profiles of the NEO Personality Inventory." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 48, no. 3 (February 12, 2017): 402–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022117692100.

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The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and its latest version, the NEO-PI-3, were designed to measure 30 distinctive personality traits, which are grouped into Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness domains. The mean self-rated NEO-PI-R scores for 30 subscales have been reported for 36 countries or cultures in 2002. As a follow-up, this study reports the mean scores of the NEO-PI-R/3 for 71,870 participants from 76 samples and 62 different countries or cultures and 37 different languages. Mean differences in personality traits across countries and cultures were about 8.5 times smaller than differences between any two individuals randomly selected from these samples. Nevertheless, a multidimensional scaling of similarities and differences in the mean profile shape showed a clear clustering into distinctive groups of countries or cultures. This study provides further evidence that country/culture mean scores in personality are replicable and can provide reliable information about personality dispositions.

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Dikcius, Vytautas, Eleonora Seimiene, and Ramunas Casas. "Brand Personality Scale: is It Applicable for a Small Emerging Country?" Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 324–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/omee.2018.10.00017.

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In Lithuania, a small emerging country, up to now the J.Aaker brand personality scale has been used without a proper validation. Previous researchers have made conclusions that the J.Aaker brand personality scale is both culture- and country-sensitive. Moreover, some studies show that not all dimensions might be suitable for measuring brand personality in a specific country or cross-cultural studies. Therefore, this paper aims to adapt and validate the scale proposed by J. Aaker in a context of a small emerging country. The scale validation takes place in several stages: starting with a qualitative study, involving experts, and finishing with an extensive quantitative study in three product categories. The research has revealed that in the Lithuanian context, the brand personality scale is composed of three dimensions, such as Sincerity, Modernity-Excitement and Competence. The scale, valid for a small emerging country, consists of 13 instead of 42 traits.

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Chen, Sylvia Xiaohua, Ben C. P. Lam, Emma E. Buchtel, and Michael Harris Bond. "The Conscientiousness Paradox: Cultural Mindset Shapes Competence Perception." European Journal of Personality 28, no. 5 (September 2014): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1923.

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Studies comparing personality across cultures have found inconsistencies between self–reports and measures of national character or behaviour, especially on evaluative traits such as Conscientiousness. We demonstrate that self–perceptions and other–perceptions of personality vary with cultural mindset, thereby accounting for some of this inconsistency. Three studies used multiple methods to examine perceptions of Conscientiousness and especially its facet Competence that most characterizes performance evaluations. In Study 1, Mainland Chinese reported lower levels of self–efficacy than did Canadians, with the country effect partially mediated by Canadian participants’ higher level of independent self–construal. In Study 2, language as a cultural prime induced similar effects on Hong Kong bilinguals, who rated themselves as more competent and conscientious when responding in English than in Chinese. Study 3 demonstrated these same effects on ratings of both self–perceived and observer–perceived competence and conscientiousness, with participants changing both their competence–communicating behaviours and self–evaluations in response to the cultural primes of spoken language and ethnicity of an interviewer. These results converge to show that self–perceptions and self–presentations change to fit the social contexts shaped by language and culture. Copyright © 2013 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Yoon, Kuh, Frank Schmidt, and Remus Ilies. "Cross-Cultural Construct Validity of the Five-Factor Model of Personality among Korean Employees." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 33, no. 3 (May 2002): 217–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022102033003001.

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Bond, Michael Harris, Qing Lu, Vivian Miu-Chi Lun, and Peter B. Smith. "The Wealth and Competitiveness of National Economic Systems Moderates the Importance of Big Five Personality Dimensions for Life Satisfaction of Employed Persons in 18 Nations." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 51, no. 5 (May 29, 2020): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022120924756.

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Measures of personality have been shown to predict employee satisfaction at work and in life, but these findings arise mostly from research conducted in national cultures of Anglo heritage. To broaden the generality of such findings, we explore the relationships between Big Five dimensions of personality and satisfaction with life across representative samples of 13,265 employed persons in 18 nations. We argue that the strength of relationships between these personality dimensions and life satisfaction will be moderated by a national economic culture characterized by wealth and by competitiveness, since employees derive their satisfaction with life from the personality qualities especially valued in such economic systems. Using data from the World Values Survey and its Wave 6 short-form measure of the Big Five, we find that the dimensions of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability predict higher life satisfaction pan-nationally for employed persons. Cross-level moderation effects were found: national wealth enhances the linkage of conscientiousness and emotional stability to life satisfaction; agreeableness links to life satisfaction in wealthier but not in poorer nations; extroversion predicts life satisfaction in more competitive nations but not in less competitive nations. To explain this variability in the relationships of Big Five personality dimensions with the life satisfaction of employed persons, we reason that the national cultures of wealth and of competitiveness surrounding working life establish an incentive context within which enactments of these personality dispositions will generate greater social and personal rewards from the experience of work, yielding higher levels of life satisfaction among employed persons.

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Bach-Nguyen, Mai-Phuong, and Leslie C. Morey. "Assessing mental health in Vietnam with the Personality Assessment Inventory: Cross-cultural comparability." International Journal of Culture and Mental Health 11, no. 4 (January 29, 2018): 478–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2018.1428641.

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Rebel, G. M. "Turgenev’s depictions in contemporary cultural studies." Voprosy literatury, no. 6 (February 7, 2019): 142–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2018-6-142-166.

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A review of S. Volkov’s History of Russian Culture during the Romanovs Rule. 1613–1917 [Istoriya russkoy kultury v tsarstvie Romanovykh. 1613–1917] and A. Davydov’s Neopolitical Liberalism in Russia [Neopoliticheskiy liberalism v Rossii], the article is concerned with depiction of I. Turgenev’s personality and creative legacy. Both historians set ambitious culturological goals for themselves, yet their interpretations of the subject betrays their very tentative knowledge of historical and cultural realia, as well as poor grasp of art’s aesthetic nature. Volkov chooses to build his story around a para-literary gossip verging on an abusive lampoon, with Turgenev’s character downgraded and distorted, and the scale of his work completely overlooked. In his search of ‘neopolitical liberalism’ in Russian literature, Davydov finds it in unexpected places, while missing it altogether in Turgenev’s works, where it constitutes an ideological foundation and key element of their meaning and poetics. The studies by Volkov and Davydov tend to sacrifice historical-literary and artistic material in favour of prejudice and subjectivity, as well as arbitrary concepts.

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McCRAE, ROBERT R. "Trait Psychology and the Revival of Personality and Culture Studies." American Behavioral Scientist 44, no. 1 (September 2000): 10–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027640021956062.

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Blake, Casey. "The Young Intellectuals and the Culture of Personality." American Literary History 1, no. 3 (1989): 510–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/1.3.510.

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Bosnjak, Michael, Valerie Bochmann, and Tanja Hufschmidt. "DIMENSIONS OF BRAND PERSONALITY ATTRIBUTIONS: A PERSON-CENTRIC APROACH IN THE GERMAN CULTURAL CONTEXT." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 35, no. 3 (January 1, 2007): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2007.35.3.303.

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Research on the symbolic use of commercial brands has shown that individuals prefer those brands matching their own personality. While the Big Five model of human personality is universal, brand personality attributions are partly culture-specific. Furthermore, research investigating brand-related trait attributions has largely neglected negatively valenced traits. Consequently, the objective of this research was to identify and operationalize indigenous German brand personality attributions from a person-centric perspective. This approach entails an exploration of those positive as well as negative human personality dimensions applicable and relevant to brands. Within two studies, four dimensions of brand personality (Drive, Conscientiousness, Emotion, and Superficiality) were identified. A preliminary 20-item instrument is proposed for the parsimonious measurement of brand personality attributions in the German cultural domain.

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McCrae, Robert R., Paul T. Costa, Martina Hr̆ebíc̆ková, Tomás̆ Urbánek, Thomas A. Martin, Valery E. Oryol, Alexey A. Rukavishnikov, and Ivan G. Senin. "Age differences in personality traits across cultures: self‐report and observer perspectives." European Journal of Personality 18, no. 2 (March 2004): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.510.

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Using self‐report measures, longitudinal studies in the US and cross‐sectional studies from many cultures suggest that the broad factors of Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience decline from adolescence to adulthood, whereas Agreeableness and Conscientiousness increase. Data are inconsistent on the rate of change during adulthood, and on the generalizability of self‐report findings to informant ratings. We analysed cross‐sectional data from self‐reports and informant ratings on the Revised NEO Personality Inventory in Czech (N = 705) and Russian (N = 800) samples. Some curvilinear effects were found, chiefly in the Czech sample; informant data generally replicated self‐reports, although the effects were weaker. Although many of the details are not yet clear, there appear to be pan‐cultural trends in personality development that are consistent with the hypothesis of intrinsic maturation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Downing, F. Gerald. "Interpretation and the ‘Culture Gap’." Scottish Journal of Theology 40, no. 2 (May 1987): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930600017506.

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Presumably it is not necessary here to offer a potted history of discussions of ‘cultural relativity’ and supposed ‘culture gaps’ … we can press the story back through Professor Dennis Nineham, (and other contributors to The Myth of God Incarnate,) to T. S. Kuhn and to suggestions from Alasdair Maclntyre, and others such as Peter Winch claiming the support of Ludwig Wittgenstein. We can go. back beyond them to Rudolph Bultmann, as does Professor Joseph Runzo in his ‘Relativism and Absolutism in Bultmann's demythologising Hermeneutic’ recently in this journal. We can go back even further to Albert Schweitzer (‘Jesus as a concrete historical personality remains a stranger to our time’) and then behind him to the Enlightenment — or at least to its immediate heirs' assessment of it.

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Cheung, Fanny M., Shu Fai Cheung, Jianxin Zhang, Kwok Leung, Frederick Leong, and Kuang Huiyeh. "Relevance of Openness as a Personality Dimension in Chinese Culture." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 39, no. 1 (January 2008): 81–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022107311968.

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Eap, Sopagna, David S. DeGarmo, Ayaka Kawakami, Shelley N. Hara, Gordon C. N. Hall, and Andra L. Teten. "Culture and Personality Among European American and Asian American Men." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 39, no. 5 (September 2008): 630–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022108321310.

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Ivanova, N. V. "The Content of a Lecture Course in Linguistics and Culture Studies at a Language University (On the Example of German Linguistics and Culture Studies)." Prepodavatel XXI vek, no. 3, 2020 (2020): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2073-9613-2020-3-149-157.

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The article provides a theoretical basis for planning a lecture course in linguistic and cultural studies in a language university in accordance with the socialization process of a foreign linguistic personality. The aim of the course is to familiarize students with the elements of the worldview of native speakers of the target language. The focus on socialization makes it possible to combine various approaches to teaching regional studies within the framework of the lecture course, to consider the culture of the country of the target language in the contexts of globalization, regionalization and digitalization, and to pay attention to the language coding of culturally important concepts. The article lists both the framework conditions for learning that affect the components of the content, and the socio-cultural requirements for the selection of topics and materials. In addition, recommendations are given for compiling lists of lexical items with culturally specific labeling.

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Chien, Shih-Yi, Katia Sycara, Jyi-Shane Liu, and Asiye Kumru. "Relation between Trust Attitudes Toward Automation, Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions, and Big Five Personality Traits." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 841–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601192.

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Automation has been widely used in interactions with smartphones, computers, and other machinery in recent decades. Studies have shown that inappropriate reliance on automation can lead to unexpected and even catastrophic results. Trust is conceived as an intervening variable between user intention and actions involving reliance on automation. It is generally believed that trust is dynamic and an individual’s culture or personality may influence automation use through changes in trust. To better understand how cultural and individual differences may affect a person’s trust and resulting behaviors, the present study examined the effects of cultural characteristics and personality traits on reported trust in automation in U.S., Taiwanese and Turkish populations. The results showed individual differences significantly affected human trust in automation across the three cultures.

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Matsumoto, David, Hyi Sung Hwang, and Hiroshi Yamada. "Cultural Differences in the Relative Contributions of Face and Context to Judgments of Emotions." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 43, no. 2 (December 15, 2010): 198–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022110387426.

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Previous judgment studies of facial expressions of emotion in context have provided mixed results. This article clarifies and extends this literature by testing judgments across cultures and by using novel methodologies that examine both face and context effects. Two studies involving observers from three cultures provided evidence for both face and context effects in emotion judgments and cultural differences in both. Japanese and South Korean observers were more influenced by context than Americans, and these differences were mediated by personality traits. The results provided a more nuanced view of how both culture and emotion moderate judgments of faces in context and how cultural differences existed in the judgments, which were predicted using a construct known as Context Differentiation.

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Miao, Miao, Tariq Jalees, Sahar Qabool, and Syed Imran Zaman. "The effects of personality, culture and store stimuli on impulsive buying behavior." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 32, no. 1 (July 8, 2019): 188–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-09-2018-0377.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between personality factors (i.e. neuroticism, agreeableness, extroversion, conscientiousness and openness), cultural factors (individualism and collectivism) and store stimuli (window display and sales promotion) on impulsive buying behavior. Design/methodology/approach The sample size for the study was 350 with a response rate of 96 percent. The questionnaire was adapted from the established scale and measures. SmartPLS was used for statistical analysis. After reliability and validity analysis, the structural model was tested, and it fitted very well. Findings Of the nine hypotheses, five were accepted, and the other four were rejected. The results suggest that neuroticism, openness, individualism, collectivism and sales promotion significantly affect impulsive buying behavior. Marketers can use these results in developing appropriate marketing strategies. Research limitations/implications Implications for managers were drawn from the results. In this study, only two cultural factors were considered. Future studies could use all the cultural factors in their model. Additionally, the developed model can be extended for comparative studies. Originality/value Impulsive buying behavior, on the one hand, is problematic for consumers, but, on the other hand, is used as a tool by retailers for increasing sales. Comparatively, this study examined the effects of personality factors, cultural factors and store stimuli on impulsive buying behavior. These three factors have rarely been used together in one study.

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Ackels, A. D., Melvin E. Page, Stephanie F. Beswick, Tim Carmichael, and Jay Spaulding. "Personality and Political Culture in Modern Africa: Studies Presented to Professor Harold G. Marcus." African Studies Review 42, no. 3 (December 1999): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/525239.

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Cheng, Cecilia, Feixue Wang, and Debra L. Golden. "Unpacking Cultural Differences in Interpersonal Flexibility: Role of Culture-Related Personality and Situational Factors." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 42, no. 3 (July 20, 2010): 425–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022110362755.

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Heinze, Andrew R. "Schizophrenia Americana: Aliens, Alienists, and the "Personality Shift" of Twentieth-Century Culture." American Quarterly 55, no. 2 (2003): 227–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aq.2003.0015.

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Popp, Ashley M., and Chia-Ju Yen. "The Global Transformation of Belly Dancing: A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Counter-Hegemonic Responses." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 55, no. 1 (October 31, 2012): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10141-012-0002-7.

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AbstractThe first part of this study, explored by Ashley Popp, presents an investigation into a relatively unexamined area of physical education: an analysis of a transcultural phenomenon in the history of dance. Data has been collected from primary sources and archival evidence to assess competing ideologies inherent in the transformation of a particular art form. In the analysis of the cultural migration through which belly dance was transferred from the Middle East to the United States, an adaptive reaction to the hegemonic relationships of culture, race, gender, and class has been observed. Beyond performance aesthetics, links have been made between the act of belly dancing and the building of women’s self-esteem, as researched by Chia-Ju Yen. The main purpose of her study was to explore how facial burn patients cope with disfigurement and the unfriendly attitudes of others, and examines the alteration of body image via inspiration provided by the performance of belly dance. This research was conducted from the perspective of an anthropologically thickdescription research method, and a case study was performed using in-depth interviews, including narratives by a woman who had suffered facial injuries. The results of the research showed that through family support, hard work and a decisive and studious personality, the patient was able to cope with the discriminatory attitude of others. The performance of belly dance not only made her emphasize her body, but also enriched her life.

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Ye, Lin, Gu Zhu, Nick Martin, and Yangyang Liu. "The Relationship Between Adolescents’ Personality and Neurasthenia: A Comparison of Australian and Chinese." Journal of Early Adolescence 39, no. 9 (February 11, 2019): 1337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431618824710.

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The aim of the present study was to examine the cross-cultural differences in the relationship between personality traits and neurasthenia across early adolescence. The participants were from Australia and China. Adolescents’ personality was measured by the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and neurasthenia was measured by the Somatic and Psychological Health Report. Structural equation modeling showed that neuroticism significantly predicted neurasthenia for both Chinese and Australian adolescents. Multigroup comparisons indicated that the strength of the relationship between neuroticism and neurasthenia was consistent across Australian and Chinese adolescents. Our findings imply that the relationship between personality traits and neurasthenia is consistent across different cultures.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Personality and culture Cross-cultural studies'

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