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Journal articles on the topic 'Personality disorders – Testing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Roy, Nelson. "Personality and Voice Disorders." Perspectives on Voice and Voice Disorders 21, no. 1 (2011): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/vvd21.1.17.

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It has been argued that personality, emotions, and psychological problems contribute to or are primary causes of voice disorders, and that voice disorders in turn create psychological problems and personality effects. This article provides an overview of recent concepts in personality and trait structure, briefly summarizes the “Trait Theory” which explains how personality may contribute to the development of primary muscle tension dysphonia and vocal nodules, reviews research aimed at testing the Trait Theory, and discusses clinical implications related to recognizing personality as a factor

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Adshead, Gwen, and Jaydip Sarkar. "The nature of personality disorder." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 18, no. 3 (2012): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.109.006981.

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SummaryThe lack of a medically grounded approach to personality disorder and its management has led to its comparative neglect as a topic by many clinicians in the UK. In this article we present evidence that personality disorders are, like other mental disorders, the social manifestations of a pathological process. This process presents with characteristic clinical features that are developmental in nature. These cause disturbances in arousal, affect and reality testing that have an impact on interpersonal social functioning. Personality disorder may therefore be conceived of primarily as a s

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Schiavone, Francesca L., Margaret C. McKinnon, and Ruth A. Lanius. "Psychotic-Like Symptoms and the Temporal Lobe in Trauma-Related Disorders: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Assessment of Potential Malingering." Chronic Stress 2 (January 2018): 247054701879704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2470547018797046.

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Objective To overview the phenomenology, etiology, assessment, and treatment of psychotic-like symptoms in trauma-related disorders focusing on the proposed role of temporal lobe dysfunction. Method We describe the literature pertaining to (i) psychotic-like symptoms and temporal lobe dysfunction in trauma-related disorders and (ii) psychological testing profiles in trauma-related disorders. We define trauma-related disorders as borderline personality disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and the dissociative disorders. Our search terms were dissociative disorders, temporal lobe, trauma, p

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Nanda, Yoga Aditama Ika, and Bety Wulan Sari. "NAIVE BAYES ALGORITHM IMPLEMENTATION TO DETECT HUMAN PERSONALITY DISORDERS." Jurnal Techno Nusa Mandiri 17, no. 1 (2020): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33480/techno.v17i1.1239.

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We live in a society that still sees problems regarding one's soul and personality as taboo, even though mental health is as important as physical health. A personality disorder itself is a disorder that can be seen from behavior, mindset, and attitude, which brings difficulties to life. Based on this problem, this study applies the method of Naive Bayes classifier as early detection of human personality disorders. Using a data set of 130 correspondences from the AMIKOM university scope with the age limit of 18-25 years and identified personality disorders is a borderline type disorder. The da

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Melson-Silimon, Arturia, Alexandra M. Harris, Elizabeth L. Shoenfelt, Joshua D. Miller, and Nathan T. Carter. "Personality testing and the Americans With Disabilities Act: Cause for concern as normal and abnormal personality models are integrated." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 12, no. 2 (2019): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/iop.2018.156.

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AbstractApplied psychologists commonly use personality tests in employee selection systems because of their advantages regarding incremental criterion-related validity and less adverse impact relative to cognitive ability tests. Although personality tests have seen limited legal challenges in the past, we posit that the use of personality tests might see increased challenges under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA) due to emerging evidence that normative personality and personality disorders belong to common continua. This article aims to begin a discu

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Nielsen, Per, and Steffen Røjskjær. "Article." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 19, no. 2 (2002): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507250201900202.

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Per Nielsen & Steffen R⊘jskjær: Dual disorder among alcohol addicted inpatient clients This study examines the prevalence and subtypes of personality disorders among alcohol-addicted inpatients, and the impact on drop out during treatment. The study is the first phase of a prospective study of dual disorder clients (alcohol addiction and personality disorder). Subjects were 104 clients with severe alcohol problems consecutively admitted to a Danish addiction treatment center (Ring-gaarden) applying a cognitive frame of reference. Each client was tested during the first two weeks using the

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Mudholkar, S. "Neurocognitive Basis of Impulsivity in Personality Disorders." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70573-5.

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Aim:1.Whether patients with personality disorders of borderline and antisocial type have a specific pattern of neurocognitive deficits.2.Whether impulsivity measured with clinical rating scales is related with performance on neuropsychological tests of risk taking which is sensitive to ventrofrontal cortex lesions.Method:20 patients and their age, sex and IQ matched controls participated in the study. Each patient and control was administered validated clinical rating scales in order to:1.Ascertain the diagnosis with respect to DSM-IV criteria (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM: Personalit

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Mudholkar, S. "Neurocognitive Basis of Impulsivity in Personality Disorders." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71315-x.

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Aim:1.Whether patients with personality disorders of borderline and antisocial type have a specific pattern of neurocognitive deficits.2.Whether impulsivity measured with clinical rating scales is related with performance on neuropsychological tests of risk taking which is sensitive to ventrofrontal cortex lesions.Method:20 patients and their age, sex and IQ matched controls participated in the study. Each patient and control was administered validated clinical rating scales in order to:1.Ascertain the diagnosis with respect to DSM-IV criteria (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM: Personalit

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Besteiro-González, J. L., S. Lemos-Giráldez, and J. Muñiz. "Neuropsychological, Psychophysiological, and Personality Assessment of DSM-IV Clusters of Personality Disorders." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 20, no. 2 (2004): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.20.2.99.

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Testing the construct validity of the three DSM-IV cluster groupings of personality disorders, in terms of neuropsychological, psychophysiological, and personality traits measures, was the purpose of this study. The results hardly confirm significant differences between B and C cluster groups in their neuropsychological functioning, but, instead, suggest that Cluster A could have some empirical validity based on executive prefrontal deficits (concept formation and sustained attention tasks) and clinical features. Similarly, no consistent differences among groups emerge when psychophysiological

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McGlashan, Thomas H. "Testing DSM-III Symptom Criteria for Schizotypal and Borderline Personality Disorders." Archives of General Psychiatry 44, no. 2 (1987): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800140045007.

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Paris, Joel. "Social Risk Factors for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Review and Hypothesis*." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 7 (1992): 510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379203700708.

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A number of behaviours associated with borderline personality disorder (including attempted suicide, suicide, substance abuse, and antisocial behaviour) are on the increase among the young. The common factor in these disorders is impulsiveness. Evidence is reviewed suggesting that social disintegration reduces the threshold of impulsive behaviours. It is proposed that this is the mechanism through which social risk factors effect the prevalence and morbidity of borderline personality. A number of ways of testing this hypothesis are suggested.

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Soleliza Jones, Anna Hendri, and Cicin Hardiyanti. "Case Based Reasoning using K-Nearest Neighbor with Euclidean Distance for Early Diagnosis of Personality Disorder." IJISTECH (International Journal of Information System & Technology) 5, no. 1 (2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30645/ijistech.v5i1.111.

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A personality disorder is a condition of a person with an extreme personality that causes the sufferer to have unhealthy and different thoughts patterns and behavior from other people. The personality disorders discussed in this study consisted of 110 diseases with 300 case data and 68 symptoms. Based on Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2018 data, it shows that more than 19 million people aged 15 years and over were affected by mental-emotional disorders. Data from the Statistics Indonesia in 2019 that the population of Indonesia is around 265 million people, while according to the Indonesian

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Links, Paul S. "Developing Effective Services for Patients with Personality Disorders." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 43, no. 3 (1998): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379804300303.

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Objective: This review focused on empirical research that addressed the effectiveness of service models for the care of patients with personality disorders. Method: Services discussed included those delivering acute care, such as crisis and emergency services and acute psychiatric hospitalization; continuing care, such as outpatient services, day hospital treatment, and assertive community treatment programs; and other community programming, such as integrated treatment for comorbid substance abuse and psychoeducational interventions for families of patients with personality disorders. The rev

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Fairley, Michael, Roderick C. Jones, Brian E. McGuire, and Janine Stevenson. "Multiple Personality Disorder in an Intellectually Disabled Man: A Case Report." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 29, no. 1 (1995): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679509075904.

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The case of a young man with the dual diagnoses of severe intellectual handicap (IQ 30 and mental age 4 years) and Multiple Personality Disorder is presented. The intellectual handicap is probably due to hypoxia in infancy and the Multiple Personality Disorder follows prolonged physical and sexual abuse. The patient frequently switches between any of nine discrete but incompletely formed identities. Although some personalities seem more capable than others, all have similar levels of disability on testing. The diagnosis of psychiatric disorders coexistent with the intellectual handicap is hind

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ARMSTRONG, JUDITH G., and RICHARD J. LOEWENSTEIN. "Characteristics of Patients with Multiple Personality and Dissociative Disorders on Psychological Testing." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 178, no. 7 (1990): 448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199007000-00006.

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Mordas, Ekaterina Sergeevna, and Yana Vladimirovna Berseneva. "Personality traits of women with psychogenic infertility (on different levels of organization of individuality)." Психология и Психотехника, no. 3 (March 2020): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0722.2020.3.30428.

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This article reviews the results of research dedicated to personality characteristics of women struggling with psychogenic infertility (on different levels of organization of individuality: physical, affective and behavioral). It is assumed that all levels of organization of individuality are interrelated, which allows observing a holistic picture of personality of women involved in the study. The goal consists in examination of personality traits of women with reproductive disorders on physical, personal and social levels of the organization of individuality. The subject of this research is t

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Atadzhykova, Y. A., and S. N. Enikolopov. "Testing K. Patrick Method of Psychopathy Diagnosis in Russian Sample." Психологическая наука и образование 20, no. 4 (2015): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/pse.2015200407.

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The article is devoted to the development of a method of diagnosing psychopathy, or antisocial (dissocial) personality disorder. Modern researchers mostly use the methods of experiment, expert assessment, clinical interview or different combinations for personality disorders, including psychopathy. However, nowadays there is a growing need in development of a psychopathy diagnosis method which would be less labour-intensive, less expensive and more objective. One of the recently developed models of psychopathy is Trierarchic conceptualization by C. Patrick, it offers a new way to operationaliz

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Pilleron, Sophie, Jean-Pierre Clément, Bébène Ndamba-Bandzouzi, et al. "Is dependent personality disorder associated with mild cognitive impairment and dementia in Central Africa? A result from the EPIDEMCA programme." International Psychogeriatrics 27, no. 2 (2014): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161021400180x.

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ABSTRACTBackground:To date, no studies have examined the relationship between cognitive disorders and personality disorders. Our aim was to investigate the association between dependent personality disorder (DPD) and cognitive disorders in Central Africa.Methods:Between 2011 and 2012, a cross-sectional multicenter population-based study was carried out in rural and urban areas of the Central African Republic (CAR) and the Republic of Congo (ROC). Participants aged ≥65 years were interviewed using the Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSI-D). Elderly people who performed poorly (CSI-D

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Tavares, Hermano, and Valentim Gentil. "Pathological gambling and obsessive-compulsive disorder: towards a spectrum of disorders of volition." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 29, no. 2 (2007): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462007000200005.

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OBJECTIVE: Pathological gambling is proposed as a participant of an impulsive-compulsive spectrum related to obsessive-compulsive disorder. This study aims to contrast pathological gambling and obsessive-compulsive disorder regarding course, comorbidity, and personality, hence testing the validity of the impulsive-compulsive spectrum. METHOD: 40 pathological gambling and 40 obsessive-compulsive disorder subjects matched to 40 healthy volunteers according to gender, age, and education were assessed with the Temperament Personality Questionnaire and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Psychiatric p

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Mendez, Mario F. "Huntington's Disease: Update and Review of Neuropsychiatric Aspects." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 24, no. 3 (1994): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hu6w-3k7q-nael-xu6k.

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Objective: This article presents a general update on Huntington's disease (HD) and reviews the psychiatric and cognitive features of this disorder. Method: HD is discussed in five sections: an introduction and update, the psychiatric aspects, the cognitive aspects, brain-behavior relationships, and the differential diagnosis and management. Results: Recent advancements in HD include the identification of presymptomatic testing methods and HD gene defect, structural and metabolic neuroimaging findings, and a neuropsychological profile. HD is associated with mood disorders, personality changes,

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Anderluh, M., K. Tchanturia, S. Rabe-Hesketh, D. Collier, and J. Treasure. "Lifetime course of eating disorders: design and validity testing of a new strategy to define the eating disorders phenotype." Psychological Medicine 39, no. 1 (2008): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291708003292.

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BackgroundAetiological studies of eating disorders would benefit from a solution to the problem of instability of eating disorder symptoms. We present an approach to defining an eating disorders phenotype based on the retrospective assessment of lifetime eating disorders symptoms to define a lifetime pattern of illness. We further validate this approach by testing the most common lifetime categories for differences in the prevalence of specific childhood personality traits.MethodNinety-seven females participated in this study, 35 with a current diagnosis of restricting anorexia nervosa, 32 wit

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Lilienfeld, Scott O., Ashley L. Watts, Brett Murphy, et al. "Psychopathy as an Emergent Interpersonal Syndrome: Further Reflections and Future Directions." Journal of Personality Disorders 33, no. 5 (2019): 645–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2019.33.5.645.

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In our article (Lilienfeld et al., 2019), we hypothesized that psychopathy and some other personality disorders are emergent interpersonal syndromes (EISs): interpersonally malignant configurations of distinct personality subdimensions. We respond to three commentaries by distinguished scholars who raise provocative challenges to our arguments and intriguing suggestions for future research. We clarify the role of folk concepts in our understanding of psychopathy, offer further suggestions for testing our interactional hypotheses, consider the role of boldness in motivational accounts of psycho

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Ramanaiah, Nerella V., and J. Patrick Sharpe. "Structure of the Coolidge Axis II Inventory Personality Disorder Scales from the Five-Factor Model Perspective." Psychological Reports 83, no. 3 (1998): 947–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.83.3.947.

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Coolidge, et al. in 1994 tested the generality and comprehensiveness of the five-factor model of personality as applied to personality disorders by performing a canonical correlation analysis for the scales from the Coolidge Axis II Inventory and the NEO Personality Inventory testing 178 undergraduates (106 men and 72 women). Their results did not support the generality and comprehensiveness of the five-factor model for interpreting the structure of personality disorders. A major problem with this study was that the data did not show good simple structure and meaningfulness because no rotation

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Mortensen, Erik Lykke, Holger Jelling Sørensen, Hans Henrik Jensen, June Machover Reinisch, and Sarnoff A. Mednick. "IQ and mental disorder in young men." British Journal of Psychiatry 187, no. 5 (2005): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.187.5.407.

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BackgroundMost research investigating the relationship between IQ and risk of mental disorder has focused on schizophrenia.AimsTo illuminate the relationship between IQ test scores in early adulthood and various mental disorders.MethodFor 3289 men from the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort, military IQ test scores and information on psychiatric hospitalisation were available. We identified 350 men in the Danish Psychiatric Central Register, and compared the mean IQ test scores of nine diagnostic categories with the mean scores of 2939 unregistered cohort controls.ResultsSchizophrenia and related dis

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Giora, Asher, Lina Gega, Sabine Landau, and Isaac Marks. "Adult Recall of Having Been Bullied in Attenders of an Anxiety Disorder Unit and Attenders of a Dental Clinic: A Pilot Controlled Study." Behaviour Change 22, no. 1 (2005): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.22.1.44.66785.

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AbstractLittle is known about the prevalence of having been bullied in adults with versus adults without an anxiety disorder, so a pilot comparison was undertaken. A questionnaire on recall of having been bullied was completed by 81 attenders of a behavioural psychotherapy unit for anxiety disorders and by 81 attenders of a dental clinic who had no psychiatric problems but who were similar to the anxiety disorder group in gender, marital and employment characteristics. Recall of being bullied was significantly more common in the anxiety disorder referrals than in the dental patients. Results w

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Trimboli, Frank, Charles W. Keenan, and Rycke L. Marshall. "A clinical guide to assessing level of ego development using psychological testing." Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 83, no. 1 (2019): 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/bumc.2019.83.1.25.

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This article presents a clinical guide for relating psychological test findings from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 and Rorschach Technique to various levels of ego development. The original three validity and 10 clinical scales from the MMPI and a selected group of traditional determinants from the Rorschach are employed. Expected testing results from these instruments are derived from both the authors' clinical experience and the research literature. These results are presented along a continuum of nine levels of ego development and their associated disorders. The nine lev

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Gillespie, Nathan A., Steven H. Aggen, Amanda E. Gentry, et al. "Testing Genetic and Environmental Associations Between Personality Disorders and Cocaine Use: A Population-Based Twin Study." Twin Research and Human Genetics 21, no. 1 (2018): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2017.73.

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Until now, data have not been available to elucidate the genetic and environmental sources of comorbidity between all 10 DSM-IV personality disorders (PDs) and cocaine use. Our aim was to determine which PD traits are linked phenotypically and genetically to cocaine use. Cross-sectional data were obtained in a face-to-face interview between 1999 and 2004. Subjects were 1,419 twins (µage = 28.2 years, range = 19–36) from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Panel, with complete lifetime cocaine use and criteria for all 10 DSM-IV PDs. Stepwise multiple and Least Absolute Shrinkage and S

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Ballesteros, A., A. Petcu, B. Cortés, et al. "Differentiating Between Bipolar Affective Disorder (Bd) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) – a Clinical Case." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1854.

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IntroductionRecent studies suggest that Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) could be regarded as an affective disorder within the Bipolar Affective Disorder (BP) spectrum. This is supported by evidence suggesting a clinical/neurobiological overlap between these two disorders. The Temperament and Character Inventory Revised (TCI-R) may help differentiate between the two disorders and orientate the clinical approach, considering the evidence of the medium-term temporal stability of TCI-R in a clinical population.ObjectiveWe present a clinical case diagnosed with BD which underwent testing usin

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Cleland, Neil, Samuel Lieblich, Martin Schalling, and Christoffer Rahm. "A 16-year-old girl with anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis and family history of psychotic disorders." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 27, no. 6 (2015): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/neu.2015.32.

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BackgroundAutoimmune NMDA-R encephalitis (ANRE) shares clinical features with schizophrenia. Recent research also indicates that both disorders are associated with dysfunction of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDA-R) subunit 1.MethodsWe present the case of Ms A, 16 years old. Ms A presented with acute personality change, bizarre behaviour, delusional ideas and atypical seizures. She had a family history of psychotic disorders, and autistic traits diagnosed in childhood. She was initially diagnosed with a psychotic disorder. Delayed testing of CSF indicated ANRE. As the patient

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Bokhan, N., and G. Y. Selivanov. "Clinical Variants of Psychopathological Disorders in Users of Synthetic Cannabinoids (Spices)." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S199—S200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2146.

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IntroductionThe problem of mental health of synthetic (“designer”) drug or “spice” users draws the increasing attention of experts of various areas in psychiatry, addiction psychiatry and psychotherapy.Research objective To classify and describe the psychotic states arising after the use of “spice”; to define the personality changes and probable consequences of the use observed in patients in the conditions of a hospital.Material and methodsOne hundred and one patients (93 men and 8 women; mean age 27.8 ± 7.6 years) with dependence on “spice” revealed between 2014 and 2015 were examined. Histo

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Haines, Nathaniel, Theodore P. Beauchaine, Matthew Galdo, et al. "Anxiety Modulates Preference for Immediate Rewards Among Trait-Impulsive Individuals: A Hierarchical Bayesian Analysis." Clinical Psychological Science 8, no. 6 (2020): 1017–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702620929636.

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Trait impulsivity—defined by strong preference for immediate over delayed rewards and difficulties inhibiting prepotent behaviors—is observed in all externalizing disorders, including substance-use disorders. Many laboratory tasks have been developed to identify decision-making mechanisms and correlates of impulsive behavior, but convergence between task measures and self-reports of impulsivity are consistently low. Long-standing theories of personality and decision-making predict that neurally mediated individual differences in sensitivity to (a) reward cues and (b) punishment cues (frustrati

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Southward, Matthew W., and Jennifer S. Cheavens. "Identifying Core Deficits in a Dimensional Model of Borderline Personality Disorder Features: A Network Analysis." Clinical Psychological Science 6, no. 5 (2018): 685–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702618769560.

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Researchers have proposed three core deficits of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD): emotion dysregulation, interpersonal problems, and self-identity disturbance. Previous methods for testing these deficits rest on problematic assumptions (e.g., the assumption that observable/measured features of BPD, such as chaotic relationships and affective intensity, occur independently). A network model of psychopathology assumes that observable features of disorders directly interact, and network analytic methods quantify how central each feature is. We conducted a network analysis of core deficits o

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Mauri, Massimo C., Giovanna Cirnigliaro, Chiara Di Pace, et al. "Aggressiveness and violence in psychiatric patients: a clinical or social paradigm?" CNS Spectrums 24, no. 5 (2019): 564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852918001438.

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ObjectivePsychiatric disorders are often considered the leading cause of violence. This may be due to a stereotype created by media and general opinion.MethodThe Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) was used to evaluate the severity of aggressive and violent behaviors in 400 patients who attended a post-acute psychiatric service in Milan from 2014 to 2016 and suffered from different psychiatric disorders. The psychopathological clinical picture was evaluated by Clinical Global Impression (CGI). The study also assessed the possible correlation between epidemiologic and sociodemographic factor

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Anaf, G. M., and S. J. Rosenman. "The Detection of Alcohol Use in Psychiatric Casualty Patients." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 19, no. 4 (1985): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048678509158853.

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This study assessed the extent of alcohol use among casualty attenders at a metropolitan psychiatric hospital. Seventeen of 97 patients showed measurable alcohol levels at the time of presentation. Patients with functional psychoses used alcohol excessively, but the heaviest and most frequent use was among women, especially those with personality disorders. It is suggested that routine alcohol testing is worthwhile and inexpensive, and it may lead to earlier detection and treatment of alcohol abuse.

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McNeill, Rhiannon V., Georg C. Ziegler, Franziska Radtke, Matthias Nieberler, Klaus-Peter Lesch, and Sarah Kittel-Schneider. "Mental health dished up—the use of iPSC models in neuropsychiatric research." Journal of Neural Transmission 127, no. 11 (2020): 1547–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00702-020-02197-9.

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Abstract Genetic and molecular mechanisms that play a causal role in mental illnesses are challenging to elucidate, particularly as there is a lack of relevant in vitro and in vivo models. However, the advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has provided researchers with a novel toolbox. We conducted a systematic review using the PRISMA statement. A PubMed and Web of Science online search was performed (studies published between 2006–2020) using the following search strategy: hiPSC OR iPSC OR iPS OR stem cells AND schizophrenia disorder OR personality disorder OR antisocial p

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Arkhipov, V. V., E. K. Abakumova, Ya S. Dmitrieva, N. I. Zykova, and Yu R. Bolsunovskaya. "Analysis of the Clinical Case of Long-term Monitoring of a Patient with Comorbid Depression: Special Considerations of Psychopharmacotherapy." Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy 8, no. 2 (2020): 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2020-8-2-90-103.

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Depression associated with somatic diseases ranks high among other depressive disorders and has a number of specifi c clinical features as compared to classic depression.The aim of the study was to analyse specifi c features of comorbid depression clinical course, its diagnosis, and methodology for the selection of psychopharmacotherapy—using a clinical case as an example.Results: the authors carried out a detailed retrospective clinical analysis of medical records of long-term (over three years) dynamic monitoring of a patient with comorbid vascular depression. They explored the tactics of se

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Tsumarieva, Natalia. "Theoretical and empirical study of the phenomenon of emotional deprivation." Scientific Visnyk V.O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University. Psychological Sciences, no. 2 (21) (2021): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33310/2078-2128-2021-21-2-62-69.

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The aim of this article is the implementation of theoretical and empirical analysis of the essence of emotionality. Methods of study: analysis, comparison and systematization of the scientific literature concerning the phenomenon of an emotional deprivation, observation, analysis of the documentation, the method of the peer review, a conversation, a testing, a survey for the identification of the consequences of the emotional deprivation. Results. We figured out that emotional deprivation very closely connected with other kinds of deprivation and is part of the mental deprivation. The semantic

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Simonenko, Grigoriy. "DETECTION OF AUTONOMIC DYSFYNCTIONS IN COMPLEX NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF NMU STUDENTS." EUREKA: Health Sciences 4 (July 31, 2017): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2017.00384.

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According to the data of the world statistics there is observed the growth of autonomic dysfunctions. It is one of the main problems of clinical neurology: 12–25 % of children and near 70 % of adults suffers from these disorders. Aim: diagnosing of autonomic dysfunctions in the contingent of students with the help of neuropsychological investigations. Methods and materials: There were examined 1379 students of medical university. Self-appraisal autonomic system tone testing, Kerdo index, G.Dagnini-B.Aschner reflex and ortho-clinostatic sign were carried out on the first phase. For 157 students

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Rozhnova, T. M., S. V. Kostyuk, V. L. Malygin, S. N. Enikolopov, and V. N. Nikolenko. "The phenomenon of codependency: psychological and medical genetic aspects." Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics 12, no. 5 (2020): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2020-5-53-59.

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Addictive behavioral disorders are multifactorial diseases with clinical, neurophysiological, and genetic heterogeneity, a high comorbidity with other disorders, and a low curability. The etiopathogenetic mechanisms of non-chemical forms of addictive behavior have not been sufficiently studied, which makes it difficult to search for effective therapeutic procedures.Objective: to study the psychological and genetic components of a non-chemical addictive disorder as the phenomenon of codependency.Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 256 women who were divided into three comparison gr

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Um, Miji, Zachary Whitt, Rebecca Revilla, Taylor Hunton, and Melissa Cyders. "Shared Neural Correlates Underlying Addictive Disorders and Negative Urgency." Brain Sciences 9, no. 2 (2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9020036.

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Negative urgency is a personality trait reflecting the tendency to act rashly in response to extreme negative emotions and is considered a transdiagnostic endophenotype for problematic levels of addictive behaviors. Recent research has begun to identify the neural correlates of negative urgency, many of which appear to overlap with neural circuitry underlying addictive disorders associated with negative urgency. The goal of this qualitative review is to summarize the extant literature concerning the neural correlates of negative urgency, to compare these correlates with those implicated with a

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Ducharme, Simon, Annemiek Dols, Robert Laforce, et al. "Recommendations to distinguish behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia from psychiatric disorders." Brain 143, no. 6 (2020): 1632–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa018.

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Abstract The behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is a frequent cause of early-onset dementia. The diagnosis of bvFTD remains challenging because of the limited accuracy of neuroimaging in the early disease stages and the absence of molecular biomarkers, and therefore relies predominantly on clinical assessment. BvFTD shows significant symptomatic overlap with non-degenerative primary psychiatric disorders including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, autism spectrum disorders and even personality disorders. To date, ∼50%

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Christiaens, F., and M. Maes. "The TRH-test in depression: a review." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 4, no. 4 (1994): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800034116.

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SummaryThe TRH-test in depression: a reviewThis paper reviews the literature on the thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)-test in depressive patients. The TRH-test appears to exhibit some use as an external validating criterion for the clinical diagnosis of major depression and, in particular melancholia versus minor depression once the clinical diagnosis depression is made. However, the clinical use of this test is hampered by the low sensitivity (±50%) and by the fact that abnormal tests occur in non-depressive states such as borderline personality disorder, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorder

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Hart, Daniel, and Naomi R. Marmorstein. "Neighborhoods and genes and everything in between: Understanding adolescent aggression in social and biological contexts." Development and Psychopathology 21, no. 3 (2009): 961–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579409000510.

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AbstractAdolescent aggression was explored in relation to neighborhood and genetic characteristics. Child saturation (the proportion of the population consisting of children under the age of 15), ethnic heterogeneity, poverty, and urbanicity of neighborhoods were examined in relation to adolescent aggression in 12,098 adolescents followed longitudinally for 1 year. Longitudinal analyses indicated that child saturation was positively associated with increases in aggression, with this finding emerging among those living in the same neighborhood at both testing times and those who moved between t

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Waters, F., J. D. Blom, R. Jardri, K. Hugdahl, and I. E. C. Sommer. "Auditory hallucinations, not necessarily a hallmark of psychotic disorder." Psychological Medicine 48, no. 4 (2017): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717002203.

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Auditory hallucinations (AH) are often considered a sign of a psychotic disorder. This is promoted by the DSM-5 category of Other Specified Schizophrenia Spectrum And Other Psychotic Disorder (OSSSOPD), the diagnostic criteria for which are fulfilled with the sole presence of persistent AH, in the absence of any other psychotic symptoms. And yet, persistent AH are not synonymous with having a psychotic disorder, and should therefore not be uncritically treated as such. Many people who seek treatment for persistent AH have no other psychotic symptoms, have preserved reality-testing capacities,

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Wilson, Janet A., I. J. Deary, and A. G. D. Maran. "Is Globus Hystericus?" British Journal of Psychiatry 153, no. 3 (1988): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.153.3.335.

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Forty-six patients, 9 male, 37 female, presenting to an ear, nose and throat department with a principal complaint of globus sensation were investigated by radiology, manometry, endoscopy and prolonged ambulatory pH monitoring to exclude a physical basis for their symptoms. Patients also underwent assessment by the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The only organic abnormalities detected were an abnormal degree of oesophageal acid exposure (seven patients) and oesophageal spasm (one patient). Female patients were neurotic introverts on EPI testing; mal

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Chiappini, S., R. Testa, F. Maisto, et al. "Compulsiveness dimension in a case of pathological gambling." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.999.

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IntroductionPathological gambling (PG) is currently included among Addictive Disorders (DSM-5). However, its phenomenology resembles features of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Several models of addiction conceptualize a progression from impulsivity to compulsivity transitioning from initial positive reinforcement motivations to later negative reinforcement and less pleasurable and automaticity mechanisms.Clinical presentationA 34-year-old male, since diagnosed with PG in 2013 and prescribed a group rehabilitation therapy, presented in 2015 complaining of intrusive thoughts and depression sympt

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Miller, Catherine R., Nobby C. Mambo, Jianli Dong, and Gerald A. Campbell. "A Case of Previously Unsuspected Huntington Disease Diagnosed at Autopsy." Academic Forensic Pathology 7, no. 1 (2017): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.23907/2017.016.

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Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a worldwide prevalence of four to ten per 100 000. It is characterized by choreiform movements, behavioral/psychiatric disturbances, and eventual cognitive decline. Symptoms usually present between 30 and 50 years of age and the diagnosis is based on the combination of clinical symptoms, family history, and genetic testing. A variation of HD, juvenile Huntington disease (JHD), presents earlier, with more severe symptoms and with a worse prognosis. Symptoms are different in JHD, with personality changes and learning difficulties being

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Budenz, Alexandra, Amanda Klein, and Yvonne Prutzman. "The Relationship Between Trauma Exposure and Adult Tobacco Use: Analysis of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (III)." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 23, no. 10 (2021): 1716–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntab057.

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Abstract Introduction Previous research has examined cigarette smoking in trauma exposed populations. However, the relationships between trauma exposure and use of other tobacco products (eg, cigars, e-cigarettes) and specific trauma exposure characteristics that may be associated with tobacco use are understudied. Aims and Methods Using the 2012–2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (N = 36 151 adults), we conducted weighted bivariate analyses of tobacco use among participants with no trauma exposure, trauma exposure, and trauma exposure with post-traumatic

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Attademo, Luigi, Francesco Bernardini, and Norma Verdolini. "S9. NEUROIMAGING AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY BIOMARKERS OF SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (2020): S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.075.

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Abstract Background Schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is a cluster A personality disorder affecting 1.0% of general population, characterised by disturbances in cognition and reality testing dimensions, affect regulation, and interpersonal function. SPD shares similar but attenuated phenomenological, genetic, and neurobiological abnormalities with schizophrenia (SCZ) and is described as part of the continuum of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Neuroimaging and neurophysiology are the main non-invasive techniques for the investigation of brain structure and function, so they play a crucia

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Russell, Janice D., and Milton G. Roxanas. "Psychiatry and the Frontal Lobes." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 24, no. 1 (1990): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679009062894.

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The frontal lobes of the brain have long been regarded as enigmatic in their function and perhaps should be considered even more so in states of dysfunction. Observed associations between structural lesions and psychiatric symptoms and the demonstration of disturbed function and morphology in the frontal lobes of individuals suffering from major psychiatric disorders have led to increased interest in this brain area. Psychiatrists have been particularly concerned with seeking the aetiogenesis of common diagnostic entities and this article attempts to synthesize the available facts. A brief ove

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