Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Personnalité – Développement – Études longitudinales'
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Vandette, Line. "La nature des effets associés à une démarche axée sur le développement du pouvoir d'agir des personnes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25291/25291.pdf.
Full textAuger, Marie-Christine. "L'attachement adulte et l'adaptation psychologique : le rôle de la personnalité." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37179.
Full textBlais-Bergeron, Marie-Hélène. "Précision diagnostique de l'inventaire d'organisation de la personnalité et sensibilité à la violence conjugale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30296/30296.pdf.
Full textOuellet, Emmanuel. "La relation entre le trouble déficitaire de l'attention avec hyperactivité et le développement du langage." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27289/27289.pdf.
Full textLalevee-Huart, Claire. "Développement du contrôle moteur de la parole : une étude longitudinale d'un enfant francophone agé de 7 à 16 mois, à partir d'un corpus audio-visuel." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENL016.
Full textThe first year of life can be considered as a crucial period for speech development in children. Indeed 6 months of age is the time when babbling, a key step for this development, appears under a form which is quite similar for all children in the world, whatever the language in which they are reared. It is a period when the child has no control over the nature of his productions and no ability to produce phonological units of his mother tongue. Around 12 months the child begins to produce his firm words i. E. His first meaningful utterances. The child has followed a developmental path in which he has acquired new motor, articulatory and phonological skills. We studied the development of these capabilities with an approach at the crossroad of bottom-up (MacNeilage, 1998) and top·down (Filckert et al 2004, Wauquier, 2005, 2006) current scientific approaches. Indeed, it seems that the production of speech can not be explained outside the articulatory and motor control and acquisition. But so far it seems essential to take into account the structural features and constraints of the input language (Vihman, 1996). For us, the child must adapt to his mother tongue, as permitted by his articulatory motor skills, that w' evolve with growth and cognitive maturation, while constantly comparing his productions with his native language. To evaluate these theoretical propositions, we developed a database composed by the vocal productions of a child aged from 7 to 16 months from an audio- visual corpus. Our question concerns the nature of early words. Yet if the control of mandibular oscillations can be described as the basic underlying structure in speech, the development of an adult—like language-specific syllable will imply three types of controls in addition to that of the mandible : (i) the control of the velum, which yields a fully oral vocal tract to produce salient consonant-vowel sequences, (ii) the control of the oro-laryngeal coordination to obtain the voiced vs unvoiced distinction and (iii) the rhythmic mandibular control which enables the child to adapt to the prosodic patterns of his mother tongue
Chouinard, Andrée-Anne. "La contribution de la sensibilité maternelle au développement langagier selon le temps de gestation et l'état de santé de l'enfant à la naissance." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22729.
Full textSt-Amand, Pascale. "La relation entre les facteurs socio-émotionnels de la petite enfance et le développement cognitif à 43 mois." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0003/MQ42016.pdf.
Full textHervouet, Séverine. "Le rôle de l'hormonothérapie dans le développement de la dépression chez les hommes atteints d'un cancer de la prostate : une étude longitudinale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27107/27107.pdf.
Full textCourtemanche-Brochu, Joëlle. "L'association entre différentes perspectives familiales du soutien maternel à l'autonomie et le sentiment d'autodétermination de l'enfant à l'école." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24541/24541.pdf.
Full textColin, Stéphanie. "Développement des habiletés phonologiques précoces et apprentissage de la lecture et de l'écriture chez l'enfant sourd : apport du langage parlé complété (LPC)." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/colin_s.
Full textCanouil, Mickaël. "Développement et application de méthodologies statistiques pour études multi-omiques dans le diabète de type 2 : au-delà de l'ère des études d'association pangénomiques." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S017/document.
Full textGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have resulted in the identification of several dozen of genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contributing to type 2 diabetes.More generally, GWAS have identified thousands of SNPs contributing to complex diseases in humans.However, the functional characterization and biological mechanisms involving these SNPs and genes remain largely to be explored. Indeed, the consequences of these polymorphisms are complex and little known.One direct consequence of the SNPs is the alteration of the protein encoded by a gene, or even a complete transcriptional gene silencing (e.g. codon stop in the sequence). Furthermore, these polymorphisms may have a regulatory role in gene expression, for example, by interfering with the binding of transcription factors and enzymes involved in DNA methylation.Despite the strong associations of identified SNPs, they cannot explain the full heritability of type 2 diabetes, suggesting interactions mechanisms between the different layers of -omics, such as genomics, transcriptomics and Epigenomics.The shift of paradigm in statistical genetics and the availability of transcriptomic and epigenomic data are responsible for the evolution of the discipline, moving from association studies to multi-omics, and providing insights on the functional aspect of the SNPs or genes involved, and in some cases allowing to evaluate the causal link of these variants on the pathology.The methodological developments and their applications proposed in this thesis are various, ranging from a similar approach to GWAS, leveraging the longitudinal data available in some cohorts (e.g. D.E.S.I.R.), using an joint model approach; the functional characterisation of candidate genes in insulin secretion by a multi tissue transcriptomic study and transcriptomic study in a cell model; the identification of a new candidate gene (PDGFA) involved in the deregulation of the insulin\\\'s pathway in type 2 diabetes through epigenetic and transcriptomic mechanisms; and finally, the characterisation of the effect on the transcriptome of two substitutes of bisphenol A in a primary adipocyte model.The increase of knowledge in biological processes involving SNPs and genes identified by GWAS could enable the development of more effective diagnostic strategies, and the identification of therapeutic targets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and associated complications (e.g., insulin resistance, NAFLD, cancer, etc.).More generally, these multi-omics studies pave the way for the emerging approach of precision medicine, allowing the treatment and prevention of pathologies while taking into account what makes the specificity of an individual, namely his genome and his environment, both interacting on his transcriptome and his epigenome
Boivin, Ariane. "Développement social des enfants nés prématurément : effet de l'intervention CoNaître." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27943/27943.pdf.
Full textJomphe, Mélanie. "Effets de variables telles que le développement cognitif et l'environnement familial sur le développement de symptômes de TDAH chez les prématurés." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21894.
Full textBiot-Chevrier, Catherine. "Le développement de la connaissance des lettres dans la litéracie émergente." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/biot_c.
Full textNumerous studies in various alphabetic languages have shown that letter knowledge is one of the best predictors of reading achievement. This research, registered in the theoretical context of emergent literacy, is reported in order to examine the early letter knowledge development and its contribution to reading and spelling skills. A first longitudinal study describes letter name and letter-sound knowledge evolution, assessed across three testing times. The participants were 57 French children, followed from beginning of kindergarten through the beginning of first grade. Uppercase form, high graphonemic frequency of the letters, their graphic proximity, phonological structure of the name of the consonants (VC) as well as the early literacy interest but not the level of print exposure influence the development of these knowledge. A series of regression analyses highlighted the predictive value of letter-name knowledge on the development of letter-sound knowledge, on subsequent learning of reading and writing at the end of first grade and its contribution to word recognition at beginning of Grade 3. A second cross-sectional study carried out with 74 young children (mean age: 4 years, 8 months) described the influence of explicit and implicit letter knowledge in recognition and spelling of written pseudo-words. Letter-name knowledge seems to support letter-sound relationships, emergence of phonemic sensitivity and plays an essential part in the initial development of spelling skills and identification of written words. The conclusions resulting from these two studies suggest that early letter-name knowledge is a critical preschool acquisition and could constitute prop of emergent literacy and fundamental building block of subsequent literacy development
Baghdadli, Amaria. "Étude des facteurs de variabilité des troubles autistiques de l'enfant : vers une identification de facteurs pronostiques de l'autisme." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON1T009.
Full textYasenzia, Yangunyo Chantal Princesse. "Structural transformation out of manufacturing : evidence of push and pull effects." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26344.
Full textThis paper examines the factors driving structural transformation, or worker reallocation, from manufacturing to services using a sample of 45 countries. As suggested by the general equilibrium model developed in this work, examining the trends in the relative price of services to manufacturing goods allows us to identify two main engines of structural transformation: a labor pull and a labor push effect. In the case of the United States, for example, the “pull” channel dominates before 1953, meaning that it is higher technological growth in services which is “pulling” workers to move out of manufacturing and into services. The “push” channel is the main engine at work since 1953, suggesting that it is instead higher technological growth in manufacturing which is “pushing” workers towards the services sector. A cross-country analysis over the 1970-2011 period also suggests periods of dominance of both channels for a handful of other countries analyzed.
Pelletier, Gabriel. "Associations entre le développement du langage et des trajectoires élevées d'agressivité physique et d'agressivité indirecte de 5 à 12 ans." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30029.
Full textFraser, Sarah. "Le rôle des acides gras polyinsaturés dans la prévention des effets de l'exposition prénatale à l'alcool sur le développement des nouveau-nés inuits : une étude épidémiologique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21451.
Full textAljohani, Amaal. "Analyse de l'activité des élèves et développement de la personnalitéen classe de mathématiques : Trois études de cas chez des lycéens d'Arabie Saoudite et de France." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0846/document.
Full textIn the social constructivist theory of Vygotsky (1985), taking into account the student, his knowledge and its culture is a must for learning and development. This research focuses on the analysis of the activity of the students of first year of high school, the critical age for the development of the adolescent's personality with regard to mathematical reasoning. The choice of subject is come from the reform of the Saudi educational system, and its project to develop mathematics in school. In this socio-constructivist approach, we decided to go closer to learning, field and also off the Saudi system, to see what is happening elsewhere, what is instead left to the young students. We observed, analyzed and discussed the interaction between students and teachers from three math classes in France and Saudi Arabia. In the approaches used in islet configuration, we realize that this is not just an organization in islet that can give voice to young students. The exchanges from the answer to a question, between the teacher and the students were low. In this thesis, we see give voice to young students in two different devices; focus group of l’ACG « l’autoconfrontation de groupe de jeunes », (the youth group of self-confrontation) that we have developed in our analyzes. The innovative approach (ACG) gives voice to young people in a social constructivist dynamics is that we seek to move to Saudi Arabia. The results show that the two devices are rich in potential, both rich because it gives confidence to students, and also because self-esteem is revalued. We also note that these devices have allowed an evolution of teaching practices
Carrizales, Alexia. "Le rôle des milieux de vie dans le développement de l'empathie et des comportements prosociaux à l'adolescence." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0246/document.
Full textAdolescence is a significant period in life that is characterized by major changes that have been theoretically and empirically related to changes in social environments. Adolescents different living environments offer the “playground” to explore, to test, to develop and integrate social cues and crucial abilities that are necessary for social interaction, such as prosocial behaviours. During adolescence, peer relationships become more salient and prominent than in any other period in life. Away from the family and the school context, adolescents spend a large amount of time in activities with peers. Among these activities we focused on extracurricular activity participation, that have been conceptualised as an important developmental context of adolescents’ livesThe first aim of this dissertation was to provide more insight into the role of living environments in relation to empathy and prosocial behaviours in adolescence. We developed and examined an integrative model of the relations between positive and negative living environment features, adolescents’ perceptions of prosocial behaviours across the three contexts (family, class and extracurricular peer group) and their own prosocial behaviours, taking into account the potential mediating role of empathy.The second aim was to provide more insight into the bidirectional longitudinal relations between empathy and prosocial behaviours during adolescence, with a special focus on the within-person processes.Finally, the third aim of this dissertation was to provide more insight into adolescents’ prosocial behaviours and empathy developmental trajectories considering extracurricular activity participation.This dissertation used data from a 3-Wave longitudinal study gathered during the three years of the PhD with data collected at one-year intervals. Adolescents answered questions concerning the features of the living environment, their peer group’s and parents’ prosocial behaviours, extracurricular activity participation, and their own empathy and prosocial behaviour.Our findings suggest that extracurricular peer group features, family features (particularly the negative ones) and extracurricular peer group and parents’ prosocial behaviours play a major role in adolescents’ prosocial behaviours via empathy in adolescence.Therefore, we found that empathy is a driver of prosocial behaviours. We also identified that latent class growth for empathy and prosocial behaviour were different in the extracurricular activity group for which there was no downward trend trajectory over time compared to the non-extracurricular group.Using one approach across three living environments allowed us to capture the common and specific features of the family, school and extracurricular peer group contexts that influence adolescents’ prosocial behaviours. Furthermore, our results highlighted the need to acknowledge the between person differences and the within-person processes of development. Moreover, it is important to consider the heterogeneity of developmental trajectories concerning empathy and prosocial behaviours during adolescence if we want to capture the complex interplay between family, class, extracurricular peer group, empathy and prosocial development
Lebihan, Laëtitia. "Trois essais économétriques sur le développement et le bien-être des enfants canadiens." Thesis, La Réunion, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LARE0010/document.
Full textThis thesis contains three econometric essays on child human capital and well-being. Each essay has a distinct methodology to meet the purpose. In the first chapter, we evaluate the long-term effects of a reform of universal child care in Canada on children's health, motor and social development, and behaviour. We show that the policy had negative effects on preschool children's well-being, but these effects tend to disappear as the child gets older. We find that this pattern persist even ten years after the implementation of the reform. The second chapter focuses on the effect of the intensity of child care on preschool children's cognitive development using propensity score matching with multivalued treatments. We show that the effects of child care are significantly heterogeneous and vary by family socioeconomic status, schooling or not of the child, the intensity of child care and the type of child care arrangement. The third chapter models mathematics trajectories of Canadian children aged 7 to 15 years and identifies risk factors during early childhood on the membership of these trajectories using Group-Based Trajectory Modeling (Nagin, 2005)
Poliakova, Natalia. "Étiologie de la variabilité cardiaque à 5 mois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28030/28030.pdf.
Full textMatte-Landry, Alexandra. "Le retard de langage précoce : difficultés développementales concomitantes et à l'âge scolaire selon sa persistance." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30032.
Full textThe present thesis focuses on children with early language delay (LD) at 18 months of age from a populationbased longitudinal study. It focuses on their co-occurring and school-age developmental difficulties according to LD persistence. First, a retrodictive approach was used to document motor development, sleep and psychosocial development in late-talkers to identify whether specific difficulties and/or their accumulation predict expressive LD persistence over and above initial language levels. Results showed that children with persistent LD accumulated developmental difficulties at 18 months of age whereas those with transient LD only had more oppositional behaviors than children with persistent LD and controls. These developmental difficulties seem to have a contribution to the development of expressive language but they do not predict LD persistence over and above the nature and the severity of early LD. The only unique predictor of persistence at 5 years of age was 18-month receptive vocabulary. Second, school-age language, academic and psychosocial outcomes of children with early LD were investigated according to LD persistence. We wanted to test empirically the hypothesis that children with transient LD had residual difficulties at school-age. Results showed that children with persistent LD accumulated language, academic and psychosocial difficulties up to Grade 6. Children with transient LD however had some psychosocial difficulties in the early school years. Thus, the hypothesis of an illusory recovery in children with transient LD was empirically supported only for psychosocial development. In sum, the results of this thesis showed that children with persistent LD have more co-occurring and schoolage developmental difficulties than those with typical language development. Difficulties were more severe or affected more developmental domains in children with persistent LD in comparison with children with transient LD. Moreover, early co-occurring developmental difficulties could help predict LD persistence at age 5. These results may suggest that children with persistent and transient LD belong to two distinct developmental trajectories underpinned by distinct developmental and etiological mechanisms. The implications of these results for the advancement of scientific knowledge and clinical practice are discussed in the conclusion.
Couture, Germain. "Adaptation dans un contexte scolaire : évaluation et évolution du risque au cours de l'enfance." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0005/NQ43056.pdf.
Full textMohamed, Yasmine. "Financiarisation des économies, pouvoir de négociation syndicale et qualité d'emploi : cas des pays de l’OCDE." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67973.
Full textThis doctoral thesis comes within the field of industrial relations. It seeks to analyze the relationship between the financialization of economies, union bargaining power and job quality. It presents a comparative analysis in thirteen OECD countries over a period of twenty-seven years [1990-2017]. The aim of this research is to understand the extent to which the financialization of OECD economies changes the union bargaining power and thus the job quality. At the theoretical level, we have mobilized the concepts of regulation theory. Empirically, the research uses a quantitative method based on dynamic panel data models. The initial hypothesis is that the process of financialization and, in particular, the rise of institutional investors as a main component of new financial systems have changed not only the dynamism of labor markets and employment relationship, but also the job quality and the power relationship between the negotiating parties. This thesis then proposes synthetic multidimensional indicators of union bargaining power and job quality. Union bargaining power is aggregated into two powers: the economic union bargaining power and the political union bargaining power. Our main results show that, overall, the rise of institutional investors weakens union bargaining power and reduces job quality. However, the results are mixed if we compare groups of countries belonging to three types of capitalism: market-based capitalism, family capitalism and socialdemocratic capitalism. The results are also mixed regarding the impact of estimated union bargaining power on job quality. Estimated union bargaining power, weakened by the rise of institutional investors, does not always reduce job quality. Moreover, the results of the causality tests show that, overall, union bargaining power is related to the institutional investor’s indicator variables. In other words, the rise of institutional investors and the deregulation and liberalization of financial markets have led to a weakening of union bargaining power. Thus, weak union bargaining power can lead to a deterioration in the job quality. The causal link between union bargaining power and job quality is bidirectional. More specifically, a weakening of bargaining power deteriorates job quality, and poor job quality further weakens union bargaining power.
Bezivin, Pauline. "Effets du sexe sur la maturation cérébrale et impacts sur la régulation émotionnelle à l’adolescence." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS205.
Full textIn adolescence, brain maturation involves subtle global and regional anatomical changes, and estimating the exact morphology of some structures during post-pubertal development is therefore difficult. Effect of sexual dimorphism on brain maturation has been under-explored prospectively by magnetic resonance imaging. In this context, this work is focused on the longitudinal study of the effects of sex on brain maturation using two methods to control and analyze the spatial positioning variations of images acquired at different time points. In a first study using a multimodal approach, our goal was to examine sexual dimorphism in brain maturation of the limbic system to explain the emotional differences between girls and boys during adolescence. We adapted a method of longitudinal processing on anatomical and diffusion images of 335 healthy adolescents between 14 and 16 years. We highlighted sexual differences in brain maturation of the limbic system with a later maturation of boys compared to girls. These changes mediated sexual differences in emotional regulation, illustrated by an increase in positive personality traits in boys and a decrease in girls. In a second study using an original registration approach, our objective was to estimate and extrapolate maturation trajectories based on sexual dimorphism. We highlighted divergent trajectories between girls and boys between 14 and 16, illustrating a differentiation in maturation rates that increased during this period, specifically in the prefrontal cortex. These differential trajectories made it possible to estimate a maturational advance of 5 months in girls in the prefrontal cortex. All these results provide useful information for a better understanding of the differences in brain maturation between girls and boys, and their links with the emotional system dysregulation and therefore the vulnerability to depression in adolescence
Guedeney, Antoine. "Le comportement de retrait relationnel du jeune enfant : du concept à l'outil de dépistage : résultats et perspectives de recherche." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB203.
Full textThis work deals with social withdrawal behavior in infants, its measure and its conceptual validity, its predictive value on early development within its several dimensions. This is the first synthesis on the history of the concept of withdrawal in infant, of its links with animal models, with the still face experimental paradigm, as well as with the repair process and with interactional dys- syssynchrony as a major process in early psychopathology. Social withdrawal behavior has its roots in physiology, as privileged way used by the infant to regulate the input within the parent infant interaction, within a micro temporal scale. On a longer temporal and more clinical scale, withdrawal behavior appears as a major defense maneuver when the baby is faced with major violations of his her expectations within the relationship. It is therefore observed in a privileged way in maternal post-natal depression, but also in all circumstances which hamper parental capacities, as conjugal violence and conflict may do for instance. Social withdrawal behavior may be as well linked with difficulties in processing sensorial input in the child, or difficulties in social communication and synchrony, or be due to an intense and sustained pain, or be linked with some genetic disorder or with some association of these factors. This work retraces the construction of a scale to asses social withdrawal behavior in infants, since no such tool existed at the time, although social withdrawal behavior appears to be an important alarm signal, showing the inability of the child to play the relational game as his her developmental level allow him or her to do, be it for causes related to himself or herself, for relational causes of because of both. This work opens on a history of the development of child psychiatry and of the coming of ages of infant development. Social withdrawal behavior took a large place at the onset of this history, with the description of autism by Kanner and anaclitic depression by Spitz. Then a history of the concept of social relational withdrawal, and of the construction of the alarm distress scale (8 item) the of the short version (5 item m-ADBB), then the studies on long term effects of social withdrawal on development. We then review the application of the scale on early diagnosis of autism, on the several factor analysis with several samples, and of the several epigenetic and genetic pathways of the social withdrawal behavior. This work reviews the results of several controlled studies with the ADBB, particularly those from the perinatal French EDEN cohort. Social withdrawal behavior appears as the result of a gene interaction, based on the genetic c susceptibility for social withdrawal behavior, possibly liked with the 5-HTPPR allele system. On a cognitive level, the issue is raised of social withdrawal behavior as a choice of a risk taking position in an uncertain situation. Follow up studies show the impact of the social withdrawal behavior on several dimensions of early development, i.e. language, early development of intersubjectivity or emotional regulation
Sigouin, Karolanne. "Liens prédictifs entre les traits de personnalité et les processus identitaires à l’adolescence : étude longitudinale du rôle modérateur de l’attachement aux parents." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21601.
Full textLaroque, Flavie. "Intimidation à l'école et manifestations psychopathologiques : voies temporelles et rôle modérateur des profils de personnalité." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25288.
Full textBullying victimization is a salient stressor that is associated with a broad variety of psychopathology. The lack of prospective studies has made it difficult to disentangle the temporal precedence of these associations. The present study aimed to (1) examine reciprocal cross-lagged associations between bullying victimization, internalizing, and externalizing symptoms, (2) study the specificity of effects through personality profiles as moderators in the association between bullying victimization, internalizing, and externalizing symptoms, (3) explore mediation effects between bullying victimization and alcool use through internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and (4) identify neural correlates underlying the association between bullying victimization, internalizing, and externalizing symptoms during adolescence. Data from a 5-year longitudinal cohort study (Co-Venture) of a population-based sample (n = 3800, 49.2% female, mean age = 12.8, SD = 0.4 years), and neuroimaging data from a sub-sample of 151 participants (54.3% female, mean age = 13.6, SD = 0.6 years, 3 neuroimaging sessions) were analyzed. Random intercepts cross-lagged panel models (objective 1) and multilevel models (objectives 2, 3, 4) were conducted to estimate cross-lagged effects (reciprocal influences between variables), between-person effects (overall effects, over a 5-year period), within-person effects (concurrent effects, within a year), and lagged-within-person effects (lasting effects, past year). Results provided evidence for bidirectional effects between bullying victimization and internalizing symptoms, and unidirectional effects from bullying victimization to externalizing symptoms (study 1). Anxiety sensitivity and hopelessness increased common vulnerability and concurrent effect of bullying victimization on internalizing symptoms. Impulsivity and sensation seeking increased common vulnerability and concurrent effect of bullying victimization on externalizing symptoms (study 2). There was significant between and within effects on alcohol use through internalizing symptoms for adolescents with high anxiety sensitivity and hopelessness, and significant between, within, and lagged effects on alcohol use through externalizing for adolescents with high impulsivity and sensation seeking (study 3). Adolescents prone to higher bullying victimization were prone to higher volumes in the right superior orbitofrontal gyrus, left middle orbitofrontal gyrus, and right thalamus, and, to lower volumes in the right para-hippocampal gyrus, bilateral putamen, and bilateral amygdala over the 5-year period. An increase in bullying 8 victimization in a given year is followed by a steeper decrease in the right thalamus volume, and a smaller volumetric increase in the bilateral amygdala during that same year. An increase in bullying victimization in a given year was associated with increased externalizing symptoms through a smaller volumetric increase in the right amygdala, during that year (study 4). Findings suggest that bullying victimization confers additional risk for psychopathological outcomes, and implicate two risk pathways that account for how bullying victimization enhances alcohol use risk and emphasize the importance of personality profiles that can shape the immediate and long-term consequences of victimization. Findings also suggest that bullying victimization plays a role in shaping brain development, but when victimization experiences can be addressed and stopped, such changes appears to be short-lived, and have immediate repercussion on mental health. Current interventions should broaden their scope to simultaneously target bullying victimization and psychopathology as each of these manifestations co-occurent within a year.
Véronneau-McArdle, Marie-Hélène. "La contribution des pairs au processus menant à l'obtention du diplôme d'études secondaires." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17893.
Full textAllard, Anne-Julie. "Links between developmental changes in kindergarten behaviors and later peer associations." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7855.
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