Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Personne morale de droit public'
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Mugnier, Florian. "La personnalité juridique des collectivités territoriales : genèse et développement d'une personne morale dans l'État." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2020. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247218806.
Full textThe notion of territorial collectivity seems to be one of the most well-known in french public law, and especially administrative law. Amongst its principal characteristics lays its identification as a public legal person. However, territorial collectivities haven't always been identified as "legal persons". Moreover, municipalities and departments haven't always been identified as "territorial collectivities". These latter qualities actually haven't always existed and were not refused as much as they hadn't been conceived early enough. Written law, case law and jurisprudence from the beginning of the 19th century did not use those notions, meaning nothing apparently lead certain administrative units, such as towns and departments, to be viewed as "territorial collectivities" endowed, as such, with legal personality. Beyond questions about legal regime, competencies assignment, self-government or decentralization, the notion of "legal personality of territorial collectivities" has only gradually emerged up to the point where it became stable in lawyers' minds and narratives. Still, albeit many studies have been lead on legal personality itself as well as related to the State, none has yet specifically concerned territorial collectivities. Thus, the aim of the present dissertation is to determine which process guided the wake of this notion, its genesis as well as its establishment, by following the path that brought to the idea that "territorial collectivities are public legal persons"
Cortes, Thomas. "La personnalité morale comme technique de droit public." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020092.
Full textOften presented not only as a fundamental legal concept, but also as a founding notion of modern public law, corporate personality is the result of the collective work of jurists. They are the ones who created it and continue to shape it. While being bound by it, corporate personality also constitutes a tool which provides them with a range of resources from which they can draw. Defined more precisely as a form of individualization of a group, resort to this technique is likely to affect the structure of public law. Through a semantic study of the notion of corporate personality, an analysis of legal discourse contributes to showing how the meaning determined by legal actors is at the origin of both its development and its sterilization. Indeed, the more legal doctrine endeavors to establish its strictly legal sense, the more it will be reduced to nothing or almost nothing. As a concept, it is a point of imputation which does not provide any indication on the legal prerogatives attached to corporate bodies that benefit from this qualification. As for the differences in their legal status, they are attached to the notion of organization. As a rhetorical device however, corporate personality aims at ensuring the success of an argument which it contributed to shaping. This metaphor would thus assume a heuristic function in the construction of corporation law as well as a hermeneutical function in the definition of their prerogatives. Ultimately, corporate personality is a device of legal discourse that contributes to the inclusion within a single rationality system of the different phenomena which it covers
Tournier, Arnaud. "La protection diplomatique des personnes morales en droit international public." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100163.
Full textThis thesis defends the idea that diplomatic protection of juridical persons is different from diplomatic protection of individuals. At the end of 18th century nevertheless, rules of each of these protections were created as identical. These rules have not really changed. This analogy is nowadays questionable and is discussed in this research. Indeed, the evolution of private persons as subjects (at least partial) of international law and the economic globalization ask this question, and constitute new lines for the study of this matter. In this field, renewal and harmonization appear necessary
Linditch, Florian. "Recherche sur le personnalité morale en droit administratif." Toulouse 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU10023.
Full textLegal personality is a concept issued from private right, however in order to establish local communities and other public institutions as authentic olders of subject right, it is also used in public right. At first this study concerns legal personality recognition to public institutions, then it describes the consequences of this recognitions; legal capacity in public right
Murgue-Varoclier, Paul-Maxence. "Le critère organique en droit administratif français." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3061.
Full textIn French administrative law, the organic criterion is an instrument of legal qualification dependent upon the presence of a public body in a legal relationship. Its origins date back to the 19th century in the subjectivation of the rights of public power of which the State is invested and the differentiation of the public and private bodies. Misconstrued with the criterion of public service at the beginning of the 20th century, the organic criterion gains its autonomy at the time of the "crisis" of the notion of public service which consecrates the dissociation of notions of public body and public service. This criterion, which bears witness to the institutional logic to which administrative law is associated, serves as the foundation for the construction of notions.However, the organic criterion has been the subject of strong opposition for many years. On the one hand, the "trivialization" movement which affects rights of public bodies reinforces the inadequacy of this criterion in determining the applicable law. On the other, as a result of contemporary changes to the French administrative model, the reference to this criterion has diminished. While the public body appeared in the past as the preferred mode for public action, the administration is encouraged nowadays to "outsource" its activities. Despite a phenomenon of "privatization" of administrative measures, the judge and the legislator maintain the application of special rules in absence of the organic criterion.While the administrative phenomenon now extends beyond public law, the definition of the organic criterion in administrative law remains firmly linked to the notion of public body. Several factors, however, call for a redefinition of this criterion. The functionalization of public action only partially conceals the relation between public and certain private bodies within the public sphere which nevertheless remain under close public control. It is on the basis of the notion of "public control" that a redefinition of this criterion can be undertaken in administrative law
Kmonk, Katarzyna. "Les mutations des catégories juridiques du droit administratif français." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV089.
Full textOriginally, administrative law appeared essentially as the law applicable to public persons. This tendency permeated the legal categories of administrative law, marked by the predominance of the organic element, public person, in the subjection to administrative law. Although the conceptual framework of the past, unchanged today, it is different now.The content of current developments in administrative law is remarkable. On the one hand, the increasing participation of private persons in administrative action, on the other hand, the interventionism of public persons in the spheres formerly reserved for private action, necessarily affect the contours of the legal categories of administrative law. These must inevitably reflect such changes. Two trends are possible to set an example. The first shows that the organic element, the presence of the public person, loses influence in the subjection to administrative law. It is certainly always present in the legal categories, but its role is changing. The second leads to the observation that the idea of function now takes the place of the organ in the logic of submission to administrative law. Our reflection is thus oriented towards the construction of the representation of the very idea of function and, more specifically, of the administrative function. It makes it possible to affirm that the administrative function provides a powerful explanatory basis for the subjugation of legal categories to administrative law. It is indeed the 'specific' function of general interest, in which the legal categories of administrative law appear, which now seems to determine and justify their legal status. However, this trend is not uniformly reflected in the legal categories of administrative law. It is nevertheless progressing steadily and continues to gain new ground
Douti, Lardja. "Le contrôle de l'état sur les personnes publiques au Togo." Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE21023.
Full textThis control enables the state which see to the general rales y, l. Haviour structures. Create learning welfare, to prevent state organs of public administration from y, l. Haviour structures. Create learning misusing their autonomy. E organs of public administration from y, l. Haviour structures. Create learning this control which is exercised in accordance with laid om y, l. Haviour structures. Create learning down rules pertaining to procedure as well as to officials, om y, l. Haviour structures. Create learning prescribes punitive measures. Dure as well as to officials, om y, l. Haviour structures. Create learning in togo, however, the institutionalisation of a one party, om y, l. Haviour structures. Create learning and the supremacy that it has over the administration makes om y, l. Haviour structures. Create learning state control especially strict. This is to such an extent that y, l. Haviour structures. Create learning organs of public administration seem to be loosing the essence y, l. Haviour structures. Create learning of their autonomy. Dministration seem to be loosing the essence y, l. Haviour structures. Create learning
Gerbault, Patrick. "La personne morale garante." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010017.
Full textQuievy, Jean-François. "Anthropologie juridique de la personne morale." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA111005.
Full textLeone, Julien. "La responsabilité des personnes morales de droit public en matière d'environnement." Paris 12, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA12A001.
Full textShi, Silu. "Les structures administratives territoriales de l'Etat en Chine." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D053.
Full textIn the traditional image, China is a typically centralized unitary country, such a concept, even in the era of Mao Zedong, is not very precise, because at that time, China has even experienced at least three cycles of decentralisation/centralisation. So, through the reform and open by Deng Xiaoping, China has formed contrasting relations between central and local. Deng Xiaoping has adopted decentralization through administrative measures to decentralize the power and transfer “interests” to the local government, so that, the local government has a major initiative, in particular, in the development of the economy. Thus, the non-institutional decentralization leads the local government to become de facto an administrative entity which controls resources and power in the name of the central government. So the local government is not just obeying the central government like before. Behind this change is the emergence and the driving force of local interests. With a deep decentralization, the local governments have received much more discretionary power, especially in the local affairs and at the same time, through the control of resources and powers, the local governments have the “bargain chip” to negotiate with the central government, so that they could express local interests and influence the decisions of the central government. In order to maintain central authority, the central government has adopted a selective centralization for this de facto centralization, so as to achieve a balance between the central government and the local government. However, the non-institutional decentralization mainly through negotiation to achieve a balance between the two preceding ones, seems to be an approach that is still not stable, so that the search for a normativity of relations between central and local has become a long-term goal
Soulié, Julien. "Recherche sur la classification des personnes morales de droit public." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10052.
Full textA research on the classification of legal persons of public law requires to establish the first conditions of elaboration of this operation. On this base, it is necessary to define, at first, the genus-legal person of public law and, secondarily, the species of legal persons of public law (according to the distinction between the territorial community and the functional establishement). It appears that this classification corresponds entirely to the public act by which the essence and the existence of legal persons of public law are defined
Si, Ali Abderrahim. "Le recours des personnes morales de droit public à l'arbitrage." Dijon, 1998. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/83b4ea72-ffab-414e-9b81-8ff812895b17.
Full textExcepted during the revolutionary period, arbitration is not in agreement with public law. The old civil procedure code prohibited arbitration (articles 1003 and 83). The paragraph 2060 of civil code has not changed this prohibition. However, arbitration is allowed by some international conventions, legal acts and case-law. So, it's hoped to introduce some flexibility to prohibition in order to allow legal persons of public law the right to arbitration. Today, an arbitrator is an alternative to a public judge. It can reduce overloaded jurisdictions, in particular, administrative ones. Moreover, arbitration is suitable for economic litigation considering its advantages. However, it is necessary to determine the juridical regime of arbitration before its application. The legislator, with the exception of act 1906, has not been informed of the rules which the arbitrator has to comply. It is necessary to study the possible applications of the ordinary common law. Although public law and arbitration are different, the common ordinary law can be applied to legal persons of public law. However, these rules cannot be applied if they are against the general principles of public law. In international matters, the problem concerns the partiality of national law of the contracting state. To avoid this partiality, the application of international public law and lex mercatoria are suggested. We note that in arbitration, common ordinary law is applied and, if necessary, adapted for community interests
Droin, Evelyne. "Les personnes morales de droit public dans les procédures collectives." Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090049.
Full textPublic legal entities have based their right to intervene in the growing number of company winding up proceedings on a legal framework and conditions. This is an example of economic law which has led to transgression of the limits between public and private law. The liability of public legal entities is invoked more and more because of their interventions: the legal foundations of this liability are examined here. Secondly, public legal entities are sometimes parties to winding up proceedings when they are creditors. They therefore have a special role, but their rights have been changed and study of positive law shows that public and private interests are balanced. Furthermore, although public legal entities cannot be debtors in winding up proceedings, some de facto situations are examined and a possible financial adjustment procedure is suggested for them. Finally, because the state and local authorities use private organizations as tools for their economic interventionism, it is difficult, indeed impossible in practice, to apply law governing winding up proceedings, which stem from a mixture of private and public law
Delas, Audrey. "Les personnes morales de droit public parties au procès pénal." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0041.
Full textUnder the principle of separation of administrative and judicial authorities, only the administrative judge should be competent when the dispute concerns a legal person of public law. Nevertheless, the criminal law procedure and penal code integrate these abstract entities. It is expressly provided since the promulgation of the 1994 penal Code, legal responsibility of legal persons of public law. However, both in substance and in form the existing legislative arsenal does not seem adapted to the specific legal entities of public law. In addition, these entities are not only authors, speaking at public action but also actors in the civil action. On one hand, they may be defendants in civil actions. Indeed, the Authority may be called collateral for offenses committed by officials as a result of a lack of service. However, the case for intervention are very rare since the principle is the incompetence of the judge to judge on the civil administration because of the principle of separation of administrative and judicial authorities. On the other hand, the legal person of public law may assume the role of plaintiff. However, the plaintiff is seeking redress or revenge. A legal person of public law does not seem legitimate to seek revenge as an abstract entity or to seek redress for a violation of his feelings. In each of the roles it can hold the legal person of public law seems to find its way with difficulty
Pretot, Sophie. "Les communautés d'intérêts : essai sur des ensembles de personnes dépourvus de personnalité juridique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D012.
Full textInterest owners, cohabitees, members of a same family, co-owners at a same general assembly, subsidiairies of a same company, members of a same political party, employees of a same economic and social entity, spouses or life partners, management staff of a same clinic... these appear as unrelated and dissimilar simulations. Yet, all qualify as "communities of interests". Is this a mere vocabulary coincidence or the indication that a genuine concept is emerging ? What lessons can we learn from the recurring use of the term "communities of interest" in positive law ? Thoroughly researching the state of our law, this essay demonstrates the concept of "community of interest", its specificities and why it should be legally anchored. Apprehending the community of interest as a group of people united by special ties, the study undertaken here appears bold. It provides the judge and the legislator with protection tools adapted to the particularities of this legal entity and required by it. The study answers a theoretical necessity, and demonstrates its undeniable practical use. It proposes to fill a legal vacuum that exists within groups of people, and thus places the different communities of interest between the entities without any cohesion at all and those with legal personality or who are deprived of legal personality for formal reasons
Culetto, Sebastien. "Le principe de spécialité des personnes morales de droit public français." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0011.
Full textChi, Ho-Chun. "La réforme des administrations centrales à Taïwan et en France : agences et autorités indépendantes." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D074.
Full textThe fast development of modern society and communication, as well as the emergence of globalization, bring on the diversification and complexity of public affairs. New missions require that administrations or civil servants become flexible and open to meet the needs of the people, but, because of the authentic framework, the State and hierarchical administrations are not able to easily change the rigid structure and procedure in the administration. On the one hand, the State has provided public services for the people through continuous intervention in the free market. In the original, public services have had the aim of promoting the general interest, some politicians and civil servants have illegally satisfied the private interest through their powers; on the other hand, the efficiency of public services is worse than that of private companies. Administration is used to ignoring the importance of cost-benefit analysis. Even if an administration carries out its task in the name of the general interest, citizens do not allow it to waste state resources.The design of the public organization’s institution outside the hierarchical administration can refer to the theory of new public governance. In order to ensure the boundary between legislative power and executive power, the separation of powers claims to take into consideration legitimacy and reasonableness. Finally, the accountability mechanism is embodied in the demand for democracy and political responsibility. Taking account of the potential corruptions and the decrease the conflict of interest, the emergence of the independent administrative organization arrived for maintaining the fair competition and avoiding the corruption in the United States at the end of the 19th century. France established the first independent administrative authority, the Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL) in 1978. Up to now, there are 26 independent administrative authorities. The legislative power extends the functions of those who are likely to regulate competition, promote relations between administrations and citizens, and protect fundamental rights. Compared with the independent administrative authority in France, the Taiwanese legislation has been cautious about creating the independent administrative organization. In his view, it evades the control of the senior administration and easily causes the flight within the government. The legislative Yuan inaugurated the first independent administrative commission, the Fair Competition Commission (FCC) in 1992. (...)
Piriou, Florence-Marie. "Personne morale et droit d'auteur en France et aux États-Unis." Paris 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA020013.
Full textFrançois, Samuel. "Le consentement de la personne morale." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D045.
Full textThe legal entity can give its consent only through its management bodies. The latter's functions are to express the social wishes by exercising their powers that have be attributed to them by law or by statutes. This specific measure, which is inherent to the radical abstraction that characterizes the legal entity, too often leads to the idea that the consent of the legal entity is reduced to an act of representation and thus leads to assessing this consent in its representing bodies. We have, first of all, analysed the special feature of the consent in light of the legal entity (First Part) through Iwo essential componants: the decision making on the one hand, the act of representation on the other hand. The consent of the legal entity proves to be far more than one single act of representation and actually a structured organic process in which the decision making phase holds an essential spot. We have then, second of ail, analysed the legal aspect of the consent suited to the legal entity (Second Part). After studying the implementing provisions of the usual features - individuality and integrity - that the consent of a legal entity needs to take on, we have raised the original functions that this consent is susceptible to fulfill. I the consent of the legal entity is always the expression of the social interest, other functions can also be assigned to it. Thus it can actually be a vector of good corporate governance practices
Graf, Olivier. "La personne morale : un non-professionnel ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1006/document.
Full textLegal persons are commonly regarded as incomplete "legal beings" in comparison with natural persons and as dedicated only to carry on their activity. Yet the French Court of Cassation said they could be protected by the non-professional qualification in French consumer law. However, the finalist understanding of the application criterion for this qualification makes it ineffective against these persons.The transition from a monolithic conception of legal persons to an exploded view, coupled with a new understanding of the application criterion allows the emergence of a non-professional legal person, clarifying consumer law and personality rights of artificial persons. Legal persons can thus be considered as legal entities different from individuals but complete however
Grenier, Sophie. "Les personnes morales de droit public défenderesses devant le juge administratif et le juge judiciaire." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020004.
Full textGegout, Yves-Louis. "Vers une nouvelle forme de personne morale : les groupements d'intérêt public." Paris 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA020090.
Full textGégout, Yves-Louis. "Vers une nouvelle forme de personne morale les groupements d'intérêt public." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375947704.
Full textKaravokyris, Georgios. "L'autonomie de la personne en droit public français." Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020008.
Full textALDHWAYYAN, FAHAD. "Les attributs de la personnalite morale de droit public." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN11018.
Full textIn present state of french law, almoste nobody is in the place because of his own individual nature. Non personalised services and organs behave like moral persons and private law moral person, sometimes, play the same role a public law moral person. In the second option, the judge employs the due gathering method but what about the first alternative? the law doctrine is conscious of this problem as one is currently falking about the atomisation of the public law moral personality. In this thesis, the author adopts the attribute method in order to distinguish the public person from other similar organs. A method which in his opinion appears to be a fool capable of saving the unity and indivisibility of the moral public parsonality. These interdependent and firmly stacked attributes are three in number : the juridical personality, the attributes of public power (the prerogatives). So what about public interest groups who apparently have no public power prerogatives. This is an exemple of a question that the author will use in order to orientate his thinking and his conviction
Koki, Kouamé Hubert. "Les droits fondamentaux des personnes morales dans la convention européenne des droits de l'homme." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808648.
Full textBoucheix, Philippe. "Contribution a l'amelioration des relations financieres et juridiques des associations avec les personnes morales de droit public." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT3003.
Full textThe financial and judicial relations of associations with the legal entities of public law have been considerably modified these last ten years. A source of great difficulties due to the octroi and controles, the financing of associations by means of grants are characterized by their ambiguities. Today this mode of financing is clearly regressing. It is at the same time a permanent and decisive tool for the development of "administrative associations" and a way for the state to desengage. Within the framework of the decentralization many contractual relations have been organized. In spite of certain efforts of clarification, there still remains some serious difficulties concerning their judicial qualification and their rigor which gives an overall impressionist character. The development of the french associative sector, and the multiplication of its interventions in almost all the fields of the economic, social and cultural life, are particulary spectacular. However, the position the associations occupy in the economy of the country is delicate. The wager between the financial relation of the associations and the social economy is hypothetical. At last, the amelioration of the financial and juridical relations of the associations with the legal entities of public law come up against the complete maladjustment of the associative fiscality. The absence of a fiscal politic concerning the sector of associations constitues a very serious obstacle to it's development
Jobart, Jean-Charles. "L'individualisme en droit public français." Toulouse 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU10067.
Full textIndividualism is a method representing reality as made up only with equivalent individuals. In a similar manner, the law's field can be represented as made up with subjetcs, indivisible and equivalent units whose legal personality is confered by State, understood as an individual, an indivisible unit. This uniform representation of legal personalities justifies the objective law's uniformity, nowadays questioned by local, religious or differentials claims. Subjects are provided with rights protected by State and exchange them in interindividual relationships as contract or liability. Then, law becomes a complex of rights. But if legal holism must be rejected because of its dangers of totalitarian adrifts, the legal subjectivism can drift towards an excessive liberty up to the negation of the liberty and the subject himself
Wu, Tzung-Mou. ""Personne" en droit civil français : 1804-1914." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00738952.
Full textBourgeois, Nathalie. "La sauvegarde de la dignité de la personne humaine en droit public français." Reims, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REIMD002.
Full textPut in the constitutionality block and in the administrative public order by the constitutional and administrative judges, the principle of safeguard of the human person's dignity becomes from 1994 an essential datum in french public law : it expresses the care of a juridical protection of manking humanity, which mobilizes the jurists but also the political class and the whole society. The hard juridicisation of the principle (because of its absolute value) happens especially with the emergence of a subjective right of every one to the respect of his human dignity. But this special principle does not always fit to the french juridical order : it intervenes in a increasing sphere, it becomes a moralizing principle, it sometimes losts its absolute value because of some of his applications. To harmonize the safeguard of the human person's dignity with the french public law, it will be useful to restrain its intervention's sphere (on its material aspect, and concerning its receiver), but also to conciliate the principle and the classical liberties of law
Bioy, Xavier. "Le concept de personne humaine en droit public : recherche sur le sujet des droits fondamentaux /." Paris : Dalloz, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/370781244.pdf.
Full textRoman, Diane. "Le droit public face à la pauvreté." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010328.
Full textCarvajal, Sanchez Bernardo Andrés. "Le principe de dignité de la personne humaine en droit public colombien et français." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010279.
Full textEVAIN, STEPHANIE. "Le principe de sauvegarde de la dignite et le respect de l'identite de la personne humaine en droit public francais." Cergy-Pontoise, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CERG0068.
Full textWillems, Caroline. "Les nouvelles conceptions de la fraude en droit international prive de la famille." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUEL361.
Full textPlouffe-Malette, Kristine. "Moralité publique : pour une interprétation renouvelée de l'exception commerciale à l'Organisation mondiale du commerce par la jurisprudence des droits de la personne." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33910.
Full textTableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2018-2019
Publications obscènes ou blasphématoires, relations et mariages homosexuels, communication sur l’avortement, lancer de nains, conversion sexuelle, inceste, don d’embryon ou de gamète, pornographie, chasse aux gros mammifères, interdiction de manifestation pour la fierté gaie, jeux en ligne, publications et produits audiovisuels, chasse aux phoques, lutte au blanchiment d’argent, qualification halal de produits horticoles : tous ces thèmes ont en commun d’avoir fait l’objet d’une mesure nationale dite de moralité publique, contestée auprès de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme, du Comité des droits de l’homme ou de l’Organe de règlement des différends de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC). Contrevenant aux dispositions de la Convention européenne de sauvegarde des droits de l’homme et des libertés fondamentales, du Protocole international relatif aux droits civils et politiques, de l’Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce (GATT) ou de l’Accord général sur le commerce des services (AGCS), ces mesures ont été défendues par l’invocation de la nécessité de protéger la moralité publique. Fortes de plusieurs décennies d’expériences, les instances de droit international des droits de la personne ont développé une méthode d’analyse des ingérences de moralité publique qui tend à respecter la nature et la portée de la norme morale défendue par l’État. Inversement, les organes quasi juridictionnels de l’OMC sont nouvellement confrontés à cette exception, de plus en plus soulevée pour justifier une entrave au commerce international. Leurs interprétations évoluent, mais plusieurs lacunes persistent... Mots-clés : moralité publique, préoccupation citoyenne, droit de la personne, droit de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce, restriction, ingérence, exception commerciale, marge nationale d’appréciation, nécessité, proportionnalité, consensus, discrimination, Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme (DUDH), Protocole international relatif aux droits civils et politiques (PIDCP), Comité des droits de l’homme, Convention européenne de sauvegarde des droits de l’homme et des libertés fondamentales (CEDH), Cour européenne des droits de l’homme, Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce (GATT), Accord général sur le commerce des services (AGCS), organe de règlement des différends.
Publications obscènes ou blasphématoires, relations et mariages homosexuels, communication sur l’avortement, lancer de nains, conversion sexuelle, inceste, don d’embryon ou de gamète, pornographie, chasse aux gros mammifères, interdiction de manifestation pour la fierté gaie, jeux en ligne, publications et produits audiovisuels, chasse aux phoques, lutte au blanchiment d’argent, qualification halal de produits horticoles : tous ces thèmes ont en commun d’avoir fait l’objet d’une mesure nationale dite de moralité publique, contestée auprès de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme, du Comité des droits de l’homme ou de l’Organe de règlement des différends de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC). Contrevenant aux dispositions de la Convention européenne de sauvegarde des droits de l’homme et des libertés fondamentales, du Protocole international relatif aux droits civils et politiques, de l’Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce (GATT) ou de l’Accord général sur le commerce des services (AGCS), ces mesures ont été défendues par l’invocation de la nécessité de protéger la moralité publique. Fortes de plusieurs décennies d’expériences, les instances de droit international des droits de la personne ont développé une méthode d’analyse des ingérences de moralité publique qui tend à respecter la nature et la portée de la norme morale défendue par l’État. Inversement, les organes quasi juridictionnels de l’OMC sont nouvellement confrontés à cette exception, de plus en plus soulevée pour justifier une entrave au commerce international. Leurs interprétations évoluent, mais plusieurs lacunes persistent. Pour aborder cette problématique, la thèse se présente sous trois parties. La première partie est consacrée à l’expérience du système international de promotion et de protection des droits de la personne dans le traitement d’une ingérence de moralité publique. Cette analyse permet d’abord de statuer sur la nature régalienne, sociale et évolutive de la norme morale. Elle fait ensuite ressortir le mode opératoire de la Cour européenne et du Comité des droits de l’homme lorsqu’ils tentent de concilier la protection des droits et libertés et les exigences morales d’une société. Ainsi, comme toute ingérence, elle doit être prévue par la loi, s’inscrire dans un but de protection de moralité publique et être nécessaire. Plus précisément, si les juges internationaux ont fait preuve d’une grande retenue le moment venu d’étudier la norme morale, adoptant ici une approche unilatérale de la moralité publique, ceux-ci contrôle l’ingérence quant à sa qualité ociale, sa cohérence interne, aux principes de l’universalité des droits de la personne et la nondiscrimination, et quant à sa nécessité, traduite par la recherche d’un besoin social impérieux ou une nécessité sociale proportionnelle. Finalement, la marge de manoeuvre des États est modulée en fonction de la détermination d’un consensus. En définitive, à travers cette analyse, il se dessine une méthode d’analyse des ingérences de moralité publique. La seconde partie permet d’examiner l’interaction entre le droit de l’OMC et les mesures contestées de moralité publique. Si, conformément aux dispositions du GATT et de l’AGCS, il est possible de faire valoir une mesure de moralité publique, laquelle est de même nature que l’ingérence en matière de droit de la personne, il est démontré que la validité d’une telle mesure peut rencontrer d’importantes difficultés. Si toutes les mesures contestées ont été reconnues de l’ordre de la morale par les organes quasi juridictionnels de l’OMC, aucune n’a totalement été justifiée. Ainsi, à la suite de l’étude des rapports des groupes spéciaux et de l’Organe d’appel, des lacunes ont été soulevées notamment quant à l’identification des préoccupations qui émanent de la société du Membre qui défend sa morale, à la possibilité d’adopter des préoccupations contradictoires ou des exceptions aux objectifs divergents, aux moyens de preuve pertinents, au lien qui s’opère entre les préoccupations citoyennes et la norme morale, au rôle de l’opinion publique, à la place qu’occupe l’argument du consensus, à l’analyse de la nécessité et à l’application d’une mesure de moralité publique. À la troisième partie, il est suggéré de prendre en compte les enseignements, et non les conclusions, de la jurisprudence des droits de la personne pour tenter de résoudre certaines lacunes identifiées dans la mise en oeuvre du droit de l’OMC, dans le respect du mandat de l’organisation, du mode de fonctionnement du processus de règlement des différends ainsi que du mécanisme de l’exception commerciale. Des propositions concrètes sont formulées. L’adoption d’une approche unilatérale de la préoccupation sociale, de la norme morale et du choix du moyen pour parvenir à la protection souhaitée, ainsi qu’une approche consensuelle et un retour à l’examen de la bonne foi des Membres, sont principalement suggérées le moment venu d’étudier une mesure commerciale de moralité publique. En définitive, la conciliation des règles commerciales et des demandes formulées par les citoyens, véhiculées par les normes morales, pourrait être satisfaite à l’aide du mécanisme de l’exception commerciale de moralité publique. Mots-clés : moralité publique, préoccupation citoyenne, droit de la personne, droit de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce, restriction, ingérence, exception commerciale, marge nationale d’appréciation, nécessité, proportionnalité, consensus, discrimination, Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme (DUDH), Protocole international relatif aux droits civils et politiques (PIDCP), Comité des droits de l’homme, Convention européenne de sauvegarde des droits de l’homme et des libertés fondamentales (CEDH), Cour européenne des droits de l’homme, Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce (GATT), Accord général sur le commerce des services (AGCS), organe de règlement des différends.
Obscene or blasphemous publications, gay relations and marriages, abortion communication, dwarf throwing, sexual conversion, incest, embryo or gamete donation, pornography, large mammal hunting, ban on gay pride manifestations, online gambling, publications and audiovisual products, seal hunting, money laundering, halal qualification of horticultural products: all of these themes have in common that they have been the subject of a national public morality measure disputed in front of the European Court of Human Rights, the Human Rights Committee or the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Dispute Settlement Body. Infringing the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) or the Agreement General on Trade in Services (GATS) provisions, these measures have been defended by the invocation of the need to protect public morality. With decades of experience, international human rights law institutions have developed a method that aims at analyzing public morality interference that tends to respect the moral standard nature and scope espoused by the State. Conversely, the WTO quasi-judicial bodies are newly confronted with this exception, which is increasingly raised to justify an obstacle to international trade. Their interpretations are changing, but several shortcomings persist. In order to address this problem, the thesis is presented in three parts. Part 1 is devoted to the international system for the promotion and protection of human rights experience in the treatment of public morals interference. First, this analysis makes it possible to state on the regal, social and evolutionary nature of the moral norm. It then highlights the working methods of the European Court and the Human Rights Committee when trying to reconcile the protection of the rights and freedoms and the society moral requirements. Thus, like any interference, it must be provided for by law, must be adopted for the protection of public morals and be necessary. More precisely, if the international “judges” have exercised great restraint when studying a moral norm, adopting a unilateral approach to public morality, they control the interference with its social quality, its internal coherence, the universality of human rights and non-discrimination principles, and its necessity, translated by the search for a proportionate pressing social need. Finally, the State's margin of appreciation is modulated according to the determination of a consensus. Ultimately, an analysis method of public morality interference is developed... Key words: public morality, public concerns, human rights law, World Trade Organization law, limitation, interference, commercial exception, margin of appreciation, necessity, proportionnality, consensus, discrimination, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (UDHR), International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), Human Rights Committee, Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (CEDH), European Court of Human Rights, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), Dispute Settlement Body.
Melillan, Maïté. "La protection du droit au respect de l'intégrité physique et morale dans la jurisprudence de la Cour interaméricaine des droits de l'homme." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10034.
Full textLavaud-Legendre, Bénédicte. "Les bonnes mœurs en droit privé contemporain." Bordeaux 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR40023.
Full textL'Hôte, Damien. "Essai d'une théorie générale de l'interposition de personne : de l'action en nom propre pour le compte d'autrui." Nancy 2, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc141/2002NAN20006.pdf.
Full textIn the common language, acting through intermediaries can be defined as the method which consists in appealing to an intermediary in oder to serve as e screen for the one who really takes advantage of a contract. In the french law, a lot of legal methods meet, under various designations, this broad definition : "convention de prête-nom" (figurehead clause), "contrat de commission" (messenger contract), "clause de reserve de command" (clause of reserve for a friend), "société-écran" (screen-society), "société fictive" (fictitious society), etc. The aim of the thesis is to show the advisability of gathering them under a unitary legal concept and to build a general theory of action through intermediaries [note : in English law, this theme corresponds more or less to the theory of undisclosed principal]. Indeed, despite a great variety of forms, characteristics and legal definitions, all these methods have in common the same problematics and seem to obey to some common, implicit rules. Underlining these common elements naturally leads to the study of the ambiguous and complex relationship between the action through intermediaries and several basic mechanisms of the french law, in particular "representation" (agency) and "simulation" (shamming)
Bioy, Xavier. "Le concept de personne humaine en droit public : recherche sur le sujet des droits fondamentaux." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10083.
Full textConsidered as a medium, the concept of "the human person" in public law develops the unity of the individual (physical integrety and freedom) and social (personal identity and freedom) dimensions. It contribues to the evolution of the older rights, comprises and reconciles the dignities of the human being and of the person, legitimates actions of the State and, finally, offers guidelines for the system of fundamental rights
Ricot, Jacques. "Les enjeux de l'éthique médicale en fin de vie." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT3021.
Full textSudre, Émilie. "La protection de la vie privée et de l'image de la personne face au droit à l'information du public." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU10071.
Full textBecause it has the right to inform its readers, the press - whose mission is both to entertain and to instruct - can tackle all news subjects. Nevertheless, there are limits which the press can't overcome, among these are foremost the ones proceeding from the necessary preservation of human beings' essential interests. The protection of the person's privacy and image, because it concerns the very fondamental nature of a human being, is the closest illustration of it. The limit imposed to the press by the right to the protection of privacy and image results in basic rules appointed by the judge as decisions comme along and which govern the contention between two fundamental principles. But also by law proceedings offered to victims whose privacy has audaciously been violated, or whose image has been exposed to everyone in intimate, and sometimes paintful moments. However, although no agreement has yet been granted, the disclosure of private elements as much as the publication of person's image, may be come legal on condition that they answer the public's right to be informed. Except for being limited in cases of abuse the right to informing the public will then have to overcome the right to protecting privacy and image. All in all, this survey is set at the heart of conflict between two antagonistic rights, that is to say the right to protecting the person's privacy and image, and the right to informing the public, corollary to the liberty of press. From a strictly legal point of view, these two rights are of equal value. On the face of it, there seems to be no hierarchy between them. What's more, if both these rights limit each other, they only do it in a dialectic that mutually holds them on an equal footing
Devillers, Hugo. "L'utilisation du bien d'autrui par une personne publique. Recherche sur le statut de personne publique locataire." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3039.
Full textPublic entities do not own all the goods they use. They often rent or borrow the assets necessary for the performance of their missions. The use of the property of others is no longer considered as the default solution that it was for a long time. To this end, public entities opt for multiple legal processes. Holders of the capacity to contract, they conclude civil or commercial leases, loans or conventional usufruct. They may also use public law procedures, such as public supply contracts or partnership contracts. Finally, some non-conventional mechanisms also allow this disconnection between use and ownership. By virtue of a particularly exorbitant prerogative of public power, the administration is empowered to unilaterally capture a right of use in the patrimony of others, for example, by its power of requisition. The unique ability of the administration to play thus on several tables is the mark of its irreducible specificity.The use of the property of others by a public person is in principle the support of a mission or task of general interest. For this reason, its execution must respect the requirements of public action, a set of principles and legal requirements which imply that administrative activities must be carried out efficiently and without interruption, using appropriate and appropriate means financial conditions. In this respect, the use of the property of others presents assets whose exercise of the right of ownership is devoid, at least in two circumstances. Short-term needs, whether they are punctual or discontinuous, are better satisfied by renting, using loans, or requisitioning than by acquiring property. The same remark applies, with some nuances, to the satisfaction of the complex needs of the administration. But the difficult adaptation to changing needs and the precariousness that characterizes a large number of these legal techniques presents the risk of a certain loss of control, which can undermine continuity, mutability, "quality" and Performance "of the public service to which the leased asset is assigned. Consequently, public law is called upon to react. A unified legal regime could be applied to all property used by the administration, whatever its owner, in the context of the implementation of a public service activity. These rules would aim at making the use inviolable, apart from the legal instrument on which the exercise of the right of use or enjoyment by the public person is based
Boden, Didier. "L' ordre public : limite et condition de la tolérance : recherches sur le pluralisme juridique." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010261.
Full textPoudensan, Isabelle. "Essai sur l'évolution de l'ordre public à partir de son application en matière médicale et biomédicale ou vers un ordre public de gestion ?" Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU2017.
Full textThe medical and biomedical revolution engaged on a background of globalisation and mondialisation notably, obliges to rethink man as an individual and a member of the human race. It produces a new right at the intersection of the civil and administrative rights and a new democracy, the sanitary democracy. The public orderconstitues the instrument privilegied bye the autorities for this legal and political redistribution of the power on the alive. It does succeed since it gets enriched bye the principles of dignity, safety and precaution (first part) implying ethical, then jurisprudential obligations whether they are civil or administrative then at the origin of new subjective rights for the patient. The public order so strengthened turns out to be both politically correct as it is deprived of moral or religious connotations and legally effective as it is able to reconciling the general, local but also peculiar, universal, current or yet to come interests, to which the society attaches importance. This new and unstabilised potentialisation forces to wonder about the emergence of a management public order (second part), softer, more consensual, operationnal in the sector of medical and biomedical activity, which coherence, efficiency and legitimacy come less from protection than from the search of a consensus. The public order, then better accepted, or even expeted, goes in the direction wanted by the gouvernance, helped bye the sanitary democracy, sort of partnership between the tree actors, the patients, the professionals of health and the public authorities
Villain-Courrier, Anne-Elisabeth. "Contribution générale à l'étude de l'éthique du service public en droit anglais et français comparé." Paris 1, 2002. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247098941.
Full textMahfoudi, Mohamed. "La particularité du rapport de la personne morale et ses membres au sein des groupements de l'économie sociale : comparaison franco-marocaine." Thesis, Lille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL20007.
Full textWithin companies of social economy, the relationship between the corporation and its members is a special and unique one. This specificity derives its strength from the altruistic and ethical mind of the solidarity sector. It also draws its strength from human and financial principles that prevail in this kind of companies. Therefore, we could confirm that the guidingprinciple that most affects this relationship is that of a dual quality. This latter allows the association of the member to the social affairs of the company making it, in addition to that, actively participating throughout the process. However, this particular relationship is threatened by several factors. Some are internal and related to operating rules as well as the persistent problems in the financing of the abovementioned companies. The other factors are external and more linked to liberalism and to the globalization of trade and particularly the European policy based on free competition in the market versus capitalist societies that keep on attacking the companies of social economy for the sake of trivializing and getting rid of them
Rombauts-Chabrol, Tiphaine. "L'intérêt public local." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10043.
Full textLocal public interest is a french administrative law notion which appears as a misleading evidence because of the standard case law related to the local authorities « general competence clause ». Its conceptual definition allows to highlight its legal foundation within the local authorities public-law legal personnality. The evolutions of the devolution law, especially in the areas of constitutionnal law, establish a positive framework for its existence. An objective and cautious approach confers to the notion an actual finalistic substance corresponding to the general nature of local authorities to ensure that local communities' needs are actually met. However, the operationnal aspect of this content does not mask the heterogeneity of the local public interest functions. According to a review of the case law, the distinguishing of its functions demonstrates the efficiency of the notion in the scope of the local government functions by constituing a dynamic legal capacity to act, systematised particuliarly in local initiatives in the economic sphere. If local public interest is widely used by administrative courts to supervise decisions deriving from a grant of legislative power, it can neither provide the basis to create, nor to dispute the principle of this legislative power. This ultimate functional limit remains the operational barrier to the local public interest which does not allow to act on the distribution of functions between public authorities so far
Clément, Eloi. "Les caractères de l’influence de la victime en droit pénal." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1G012/document.
Full textThe victim of the offense has some influence on the formation and qualification of it. Beyond their differences, the rules of criminal law and special evoking the victim have certain common characteristics , which leads to the conclusion that the influence of victim in criminal law is generally consistent , if not homogeneous . First, the criminal law generally allows to take into account that only factors relating to the personality or behavior of the victim which are knowned by the offender. The influence of the victim is a subjective . Only a few characteristics of the victim whose knowledge the agent would be too difficult to prove can be considered objectively . Second, the offense is a special event , distinct from other types of damage which the civil or administrative laws try to repair . Criminal victim is thus distinguished civil or administrative victims. This is why its influence obeys specific criminal criteria. There may be specific criteria criminal law . There are also existing criteria in other areas of law, but put together by the criminal law in a category of its own . However , criminal law is constructed by reference to the offender , the reference to the victim is a secondary variable. Criteria influence the victim sometimes deserve to be harmonized , especially as they vary in time and space . Every social organization promotes its own conception of criminal victim