Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Personnel médical – Prise de décision'
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Nadeau, Catherine. "Impact de l'intervention DÉCISION+2 sur l'intention des professionnels de la santé de s'engager dans la prise de décision partagée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28954/28954.pdf.
Full textKertenian, Isabelle. "Variété des pratiques professionnelles et trajectoires de décision : application au domaine de la santé." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX24014.
Full textGorincour, Guillaume. "Aspects éthiques de la prise de décision dans l'interruption médicale de grossesse : le point de vue des soignants." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20731.
Full textKiyang, Lawrence Ndoh. "Intention des professionnels de la santé d'aider les femmes ciblées par le Programme Québécois de Dépistage du Cancer du sein à prendre une décision éclairée concernant leur participation au dépistage du cancer du sein." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23694.
Full textThis descriptive study, based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, evaluated health professionals’ intention to help women targeted by the Quebec Breast Cancer Screening Programme in making informed decisions about breast cancer screening with mammography. The 288 family physicians and 618 nurses who responded to our questionnaire had a strong intention to adopt this behaviour. The perception of behavioural control was the variable most strongly associated with intention, followed by attitude, and social norm. The main barriers to the adoption of the studied behaviour, as perceived by participants were lack of time and limited access to information. The intention of health professionals as well as the adoption of the studied behaviour could be reinforced by training activities on informed decision making and relevant decision support tools made available.
Cadorette, Marlène. "Le consentement libre et éclairé de la parturiente en droit québécois : l'accouchement comme contexte d'évitement du respect de l'autonomie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23768/23768_1.pdf.
Full textEl, Rhrib-Louh Hanane. "L'autonomie médicale des personnes en situation d'incapacité : contribution à une analyse rénovée de la décision médicale." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL20014.
Full textMinor, major under protection of law, under guardianship or trusteeship, mentally ill person admitted to psychiatric care free or constrained, the patient must be able, in a context of health democracy, aspire to an irreducible respect for her autonomy. Located on the borders of medicine, ethics and law, timeliness and the degree of autonomy to be granted to such persons shall nevertheless declined to discernment of medical decision making in favor sometimes the will of the patient vulnerable, sometimes preserve its interests. Because the rejection of the legendary figure of the medical contract is legal, to no doubt, definitely acquired, the conference called singular, in these modern times, building a new model, that of the medical decision. For now, the situation of disability of these patients is, in large measure, the subject of a compartmentalized approach from one side to the rules of the Civil Code and the other, those of the Health Code public. It is therefore, through this analysis, to identify and highlight the weaknesses of the current legal system. The causes of failures that are the source of an instrumentalisation of autonomy of mentally impaired patients or that stand as obstacles to their structural autonomy invited to offer food for thought for the development of a theory of medical decision making
Moulin, Pierre. "Soins palliatifs et sida : permanence et changements des cultures soignantes : étude psychosociologique des professionnels de santé confrontés à la prise en charge des patients sidéens en fin de vie dans deux services de l'Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0097.
Full textDaknou, Amani. "Architecture distribuée à base d'agents pour optimiser la prise en charge des patients dans les services d'urgence en milieu hospitalier." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00674760.
Full textCaeymaex, Laurence. "La part des parents dans la décision en réanimation néonatale : exploration d’un univers méconnu." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T007.
Full textWhat is a decision ? How is a decision constructed, processed in real life ? Is a decision always temporally situated between deliberation and action ? Is it the action that ruptures reality at that point ? To explore these questions and question the limits of decision-making, this work has been created from an experience rather than theoretical analysis. Parental narration about the loss of their newborn in the NICU, three years before, in the aftermath of e decision to forgo life saving treatment, enlightens our analysis about what decision making actually is. Parental retrospective view and discourse gathered during a research interview unveil a unknown world of emotions and dramatic circumstances. In this context parents have to decide. It is with contradictory feelings towards their newborn and dependancy on caregivers that parents have come closer to their child and decided themselves. We enlighten the resource they have found insight themselves to reach from these requests from the carers.In this context, speech acts are brought up : by the fact of saying their decision, parents succeed in making their mind up but they do not decide what physician’s actions will be. Parents also speak about their present life and feelings ; the present time is seen as the future of a past bygone but that goes on in the memory. Today, they describe their crossing of the mourning. The lost child’s, scarcely known, appears now as a soul, with a power that exceeds largely what could be imagined. Feelings of guilt and responsibility experienced towards oneself and towards their dead child give sense to the past. These feelings retrospectively participate in creating a view of oneself as an actor in what happened. Deliberation seems possible even after the child’s death. Il puts in the aftermath, a form of human freedom ad rationality. Finally, we return to the world of the caregivers and end with an analysis of the conditions of a “sufficiently” good decision, acceptable in the long term for the parents
Moulias, Sophie. "Ethique, personne de confiance et maladie d'Alzheimer." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00745279.
Full textEdery, Livia. "Analyse psychodynamique de la relation médecin-malade lors de la prise de décision thérapeutique chez des patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein : refus ou acceptation de la chimiothérapie adjuvante ?" Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG042.
Full textPurposes : This thesis studies the conscious and unconscious aspects of the therapeutic decision-making, suggested by oncologist during consultation, by patients affected by breast cancer. All patients had a curative surgery of their cancer and they can benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. In the eyes of physician the decision can be positive or negative but its perception does not correspond to ultimate’s outcome of the psychic process, in progress, of patient elaboration.The international literature focus on obvious elements of patients’ therapeutic choice during therapeutic disclosure. In addition, our study investigates the possibilities of adaptation and unconscious defenses according to their personality. This holistic clinical approach shows that 4 mains co-factors involve in patient’s decision-making. Population and methods : This is a comparative and longitudinal clinical research of the medical consultation with 50 patients. Patients psychological factors of the decision-making has been registered and analysed. Results : 82% of patients have accepted adjuvant chemotherapy while 18% refused it. The Adhesion group had mainly a depressive reaction while the Refusal group had predominant hostile personality traits. The anxiety was significantly higher in the Adhesion group than in the Refusal. Adhesive patients seemed to repress their emotions when accepting the treatment while Refusal group expressed emotions in words. Conclusion : Adaptation of the physicians communication and investigation of patients personality should enhance the decision-making of patients when they must decide or not of treatment continuation despite secondary effects
Daknou, Amani. "Architecture distribuée à base d’agents pour optimiser la prise en charge des patients dans les services d’urgence en milieu hospitalier." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECLI0011/document.
Full textHealth-care organizations are facing new challenges such as the aging population, the rise of health care costs and the rapid progress of medical technologies. New policies of health care budget control have been introduced to increase efficiency, reduce waste and reshape the entire health care system. Targeted organizations are complex networks of human,financial, structural and technological resources aiming at guarantying best public health care.These issues concern all the more Emergency Departments (ED) congested by the massive influx of passages and which must provide quick decisions and ensure the sizing of its resources to reduce waiting times for patients with out compromising quality of care.The objective of this thesis is to propose appropriate solutions to ED to improve carefor patients in terms of waiting time. We began by analyzing the problems of the emergency department in order to initiate a process of improvement. Subsequently, we modeled the process of care for patients at ED by using an open and dynamic multi-agent system. The proposed system can provide decision support on business planning and allocation of medical resources in a unit where one is often faced with an emergency situation requiring rapid and effective response. In this context, we study the reactive problem for optimizing scheduling of operations care and the coordination problem of medical staff. We take into account the skills mastered by human resources at ED in order to find a match with those required by the medical activity. This approach aims to increase quality, reduce time of expectation and provide pointers gains management
Fortin, Gabrielle. "Élaboration et évaluation d’une stratégie d’application des connaissances pour les professionnels de la santé sur la détermination des objectifs de soins avec les personnes malades." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67446.
Full textGoals of care conversation (GOCC), a process which consists in identifying with patients the appropriate care for their health condition in accordance with their life plan, is arguably one of the most difficult decisions patients with serious illnesses will face. GOCC implies discussion between the physician and the patient (or his Substitute Decision Maker). It is often complex, since the preferred care orientation for patients must consider their health situation while being consistent with their beliefs, preferences and values as well as those of their relatives. To address these complex situations, the contribution of an interprofessional team is required to support patients in their global perspective. There is, however, a gap that needs to be filled amidst interdisciplinary teamwork in order to integrate GOCC discussions in the routine of care teams so that GOCC no longer rely solely on discussions between the physicians and their patients. In order to reduce this gap, a knowledge transfer strategy aimed at optimizing interprofessional collaboration practices in GOCC situations with the participation of the patients and their relatives was proposed. Co-constructed and deployed in a clinical environment in collaboration with health and social services providers, the knowledge transfer strategy was evaluated in three successive phases, either at the time of its development, during its implementation and finally, after this in order to assess the impact on clinical practices. Twenty-six healthcare providers from different disciplines practicing at the CHU de Québec- Université Laval and at the CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale took part in the knowledge strategy, which main activity was the interprofessional training session held during Winter 2018. Analysis of collected data during development and implementation phases highlights : 1) relevance in mobilizing the various players targeted by the knowledge transfer strategy in order to develop relevant content that takes into account the needs and realities in practice context; 2) the need to obtain support from the management of establishments to facilitate the deployment of this type of initiative in health care and health services environments; 3) the importance of fostering a climate of openness and discussion spaces during interdisciplinary training session to promote the appropriation of interprofessional competencies, as well as a place conducive to the development of critical reflections on the participants' GOCC practice. The highlights of the short-term impact assessment phase of the strategy emphasized three main changes observed by the participants in their GOCC practice: 1) better appropriation of a harmonized level of care form for discussing end-of-life issues with patients; 2) improved IPC practices in complex GOCC situations through better affirmation of their expertise role along with recognition of other professionals’ role in this decision-making process, and 3) reaffirmed roles of advocacy, support and enabler with patients and families in GOCC context. In light of these results, recommendations are made to optimize the timely participation of sick people in informed decision-making processes about their end-of-life care, this in an interprofessional collaboration perspective. Recommendations related to the provision of earlier support services in the care trajectory of patients with serious illness, with a potentially fatal outcome in order to facilitate dialogue between patients and stakeholders in anticipation of end-of-life are also presented. This thesis concludes by proposing avenues to be explored in research.Goals of care conversation (GOCC), a process which consists in identifying with patients the appropriate care for their health condition in accordance with their life plan, is arguably one of the most difficult decisions patients with serious illnesses will face. GOCC implies discussion between the physician and the patient (or his Substitute Decision Maker). It is often complex, since the preferred care orientation for patients must consider their health situation while being consistent with their beliefs, preferences and values as well as those of their relatives. To address these complex situations, the contribution of an interprofessional team is required to support patients in their global perspective. There is, however, a gap that needs to be filled amidst interdisciplinary teamwork in order to integrate GOCC discussions in the routine of care teams so that GOCC no longer rely solely on discussions between the physicians and their patients. In order to reduce this gap, a knowledge transfer strategy aimed at optimizing interprofessional collaboration practices in GOCC situations with the participation of the patients and their relatives was proposed. Co-constructed and deployed in a clinical environment in collaboration with health and social services providers, the knowledge transfer strategy was evaluated in three successive phases, either at the time of its development, during its implementation and finally, after this in order to assess the impact on clinical practices. Twenty-six healthcare providers from different disciplines practicing at the CHU de Québec- Université Laval and at the CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale took part in the knowledge strategy, which main activity was the interprofessional training session held during Winter 2018. Analysis of collected data during development and implementation phases highlights : 1) relevance in mobilizing the various players targeted by the knowledge transfer strategy in order to develop relevant content that takes into account the needs and realities in practice context; 2) the need to obtain support from the management of establishments to facilitate the deployment of this type of initiative in health care and health services environments; 3) the importance of fostering a climate of openness and discussion spaces during interdisciplinary training session to promote the appropriation of interprofessional competencies, as well as a place conducive to the development of critical reflections on the participants' GOCC practice. The highlights of the short-term impact assessment phase of the strategy emphasized three main changes observed by the participants in their GOCC practice: 1) better appropriation of a harmonized level of care form for discussing end-of-life issues with patients; 2) improved IPC practices in complex GOCC situations through better affirmation of their expertise role along with recognition of other professionals’ role in this decision-making process, and 3) reaffirmed roles of advocacy, support and enabler with patients and families in GOCC context. In light of these results, recommendations are made to optimize the timely participation of sick people in informed decision-making processes about their end-of-life care, this in an interprofessional collaboration perspective. Recommendations related to the provision of earlier support services in the care trajectory of patients with serious illness, with a potentially fatal outcome in order to facilitate dialogue between patients and stakeholders in anticipation of end-of-life are also presented. This thesis concludes by proposing avenues to be explored in research.
Meuris, César. "Faire et défaire la capacité d'autonomie : enquête sur la prise en charge des patients atteints de la maladie d'Alzheimer hospitalisés en service gériatrique de soins aigus." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC083.
Full textIn 2002, Belgium and France implemented a law that places patients and their right to autonomy at the center of the healthcare system. Based on the assumption that concepts and principles cannot be perceived independently of the way they are likely to be implemented in “ordinary life”, I applied an empirical-philosophical approach to the research field by choosing to examine what can be described as a borderline situation, bringing my attention to the issue of consent to medical care of patients with Alzheimer’s disease hospitalized in geriatric units for an acute health issue. Indeed, Alzheimer’s disease involves a decline of the patient’s abilities (including cognitive skills), thereby jeopardizing his autonomy. The specific characteristics of the disease coupled with the acute medical care it requires single it out as the perfect ground to question the meaning and limitations of the principle and its current use in the healthcare system. The reflection proposed in this thesis is based on information gathered during a comparative field study (including various Belgian and French hospital sites) specifically set up for the purpose of this work. The research focused on the relationship between the patients and the “immediate caregivers” (nursing staff), where the capacity of autonomy of Alzheimer patients in a hospital setting is most frequently questioned. Moreover, the present study largely dealt with the issue of treatment refusal by patients as well as the use of coercion. It is indeed mainly in this type of situation that the problem of respecting patient’s autonomy and obtaining their consent is most vividly debated in the present field of study. The introduction of this research field must be seen as a methodological and epistemological tool that aims at providing further conceptual, critical and normative inputs to the issue of respect of autonomy for patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. This work allowed me to develop a new understanding of autonomy, which differs from the most frequently proposed responses that are to be found in medical, legal and philosophical literature. The main advocated idea here is that the question of respect of autonomy for Alzheimer patients does not lie so much in the person’s own capacity, but actually depends on what I consider a granting gesture that results from a collective construction process of health professionals, biased by their own affects and motivations
Fotseu-Tsakam, Hortance. "La prise en charge du risque médical." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA083709.
Full textTo take in charge medical risk, remains a problem in abeyance, despite the law of 4th march 2002 wich allows the victims to be compensated in way of national solidarity by an agreement settled out of court. Difficulties with such of confusions in risk medical concept definition (accident, hazard, fault – error…) make his juridical processing to much complex. His compensation system at present scattered, incoherent and incomplete, leads under these conditions : firstly specify exactly the legal outline of that concept, analyse the currents forms of various compensations systems ; secondly before spend one’s time waiting for a nessary reform wich must unify those systems, carry out improvements to this law confined to responsibility without fault and beneficial only to a category of victims
Flora, Dominique. "Organisation, motivation et prise de décision dans l'entreprise." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100048.
Full textQuintero, Ortiz Jose Matias. "Raisonnement collaboratif dans le diagnostic médical en radiologie." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S145.
Full textIn this thesis we have described the information flow and the interactions of the different strategies of medical reasoning in decision-making diagnostic of hospital cases. One highlight is the repetitive sequence that may have the same reasoning strategies for formulating a hypothesis. The same strategy can derive different hypothesis. In general, specialization has been the most widely used strategy. The collaborative variables (negotiation and integration) are highly dependent on the overall analysis of the cases, and physicians in charge integrated patient data provided by other specialists. The decision of the radiological diagnostic hypothesis is important for the pure characteristics of the images regarding a pathology condition known. Radiologists found a complete consensus on at least one of the observations of x-ray film. Practical knowledge will be the most widely used by radiologists
Maltais, Caroline. "Étude exploratoire du processus de prise de décision, à travers des facteurs qui l'influencent, chez les personnes ayant opté pour la transplantation cardiaque." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28865/28865.pdf.
Full textIn the contemporary society, the scientific discoveries and the arrival of the technologies brought an important increase of the possibilities of treatments. This complicated the decision-making for the patient in the choice of a treatment. The main objective of this study was to investigate the process of decision-making, through the factors which influence it, with cardiac insufficient persons having opted for a heart transplant. This study leans on the model of Joane Noone because it identifies contextual factors (environmental and personal) connected with this process. The methodology articulates around a descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection was made by means of semi-structured interviews. The study was realized with eight persons suffering from cardiac insufficiency and having opted for the transplantation. The results demonstrate that the condition of health is the main factor of the decision-making in a choice of the heart transplant. It can take two forms, that is a reduced quality of life (connected with the evolution of the disease) or a physical state favorable to the success of the surgery. We also note that the "choice" of the non-choice is an important element of the decision. Finally, the results of this study will contribute to a better knowledge of factors connected with the decision-making and will allow to support better the patients in their choices, so reflecting their preferences and their values.
Vidal-Trecan, Gwenaëlle. "Décisions thérapeutiques en endocrinologie : analyse décisionnelle : particularités du raisonnement médical et modélisation." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/1998AIX2667U.pdf.
Full textDouplat, Marion. "Les décisions de limitations et d'arrêts des thérapeutiques à l'épreuve de la temporalité des urgences : enjeux éthiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0756.
Full textDecisions of withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatments are frequent in emergency departments where death is an everyday reality. These decisions lead to ethical dilemmas for physicians, nurses, and relatives with regards to the timing of the emergency departments and the evolution of the French legislation in particular the law on the rights of the patients and the persons who are nearing the end of life. Moreover, the caregivers should have an ethical thinking-process in order to respect ethical principles such as autonomy, beneficence, non-malfeasance and justice. There seems to be a conflict between the emergency situation and the complexity of the decision-making process. There is only few data concerning the decisions of withholding or withdrawing life sustaining treatments especially about modality of these decisions and the implications for caregivers and relatives. Because of the lack of data, we decided to explore the physicians’ experience during the decision-making process in the emergency departments and the perception of the relatives after the decision of withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment. Our study consists in three parts: a study which evaluates the physicians’ experience during the decision-making process; then, a study describing the relatives’ perception of the decisions of withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatments and finally a study about the involvement of general practitioners in the decision-making process
Eckert, Jean-Jacques. "La responsabilite médicale des origines à l'aube du troisième millénaire : ou le passage d'une responsabilité à la prise en charge d'un risque." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT4017.
Full textThe medical responsibility from the origins to the down of the third millennium is a research study which is composed of two separate parts. The toast of these two parts mostly deals with the evolution both of the medical art and its philosophy to the extend that the disagreement concerting the lexical responsibility itself has not revealed significant not to say hardly non existent until the 1789 Revolution. However, the second part tackles with the evolution of the responsibility which is on the medical' dodos shoulders, with the prejudice to limit it to the liberal doctor, and considers its evolution concerting a society witch accepts risks less and less easily and witch wants systematically the identification of a responsible one and his punishment. A few researches in comparative law have enabled to discover that in our country no specific procedure exists in this particular fiels
Meyer-Durat, Laurence. "La prise de décision dans la formation des dirigeants : qu'est-ce que le dirigeant fait de la décision et qu'est-ce que la décision fait de lui ?" Strasbourg 1, 2003. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2003/DURAT_Laurence_2003.zip.
Full textAfter having produced a critical analysis of decisional theories, as well as of the different conceptions of the manager's role and approached the learning process in action , we have chosen to study the decision under an original point of view. Instead of considering the capacity to take decision as a training aim, we make the assumption that by the manager, the decision is often considered as an learning opportunity, or as a learning strategy inserted in a wider perspective of identity construction. This places our research within two perspectives, to be considered at the same time : education within the action but also throughout identity construction. To check the validity of our proposal, we have interviewed a panel of 21 managers, finalized by a quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results of the survey reveals particularly that decisional training is possible when 4 factors are present : appropriate organisational context, favourable action situation, reference models and a specific manager attitude
Beaujolin-Bellet, Rachel. "De la détermination du sureffectif à la quête infinie de flexibilité : où mènent les processus de réduction des effectifs?" Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EPXXA001.
Full textDugas, Michèle. "L'implication des populations vulnérables dans le développement d'outils d'aide à la décision pour patients." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27224.
Full textIt is recommended that users of patient decision aids be involved in its development process. Until now, it has been unclear how and to what extent vulnerable populations are involved in such development processes. The objective of this thesis was to describe details of the involvement of vulnerable populations in the development of patient decision aids and to compare their involvement with the involvement of the population in general. This study was part of a larger project starting with a systematic literature review during which a set of criteria was developed to identify, as part of the data extraction process, articles describing patient decision aids that involved vulnerable populations during the development process. Semi-structured telephone interviews were also conducted with 10 developers of patient decision aids, 6 of them involved vulnerable populations and 4 of them involved the population in general. The results of this thesis suggest that development practices change when vulnerable populations are involved in the process. Vulnerable populations are usually involved in most of the same type of development activities, but an emphasis is put on activities to better understand their needs and on activities that help build relationship of trust between them and the development team. In contrary to the involvement the population in general, recruiting vulnerable populations occurs more often in partnership with community groups and research activities more often take place in a community-based setting.
Dosdat, Jean-Claude. "Les normes nouvelles de la décision médicale." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT3023.
Full textGeorge-Blondel, Frédérique. "Participation à la décision et performance de l'entreprise : application à la qualité totale." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DENS0013.
Full textAs taylorist management relies on workers' manual power, participative management involves workers' conceptual input. One advantage of the participative approach is that it allows the firm to use the entire knowledge of the workers. From this point of view, the workers' skills and cognitive abilities are better used in the participative model than in the taylorist one. The participative approach may thus be considered as an exchange between the employer and the employee. To succeed, such an approach has to be advantageous for the individual and for the firm. In fact, the participative approach allows the firm to achieve a twofold benefit. The social benefit results from increased employees' motivation. The economic benefit is an improvement of the productive process. Our case study is on a sample of 32 big firms which are using the total quality management (tqm). The tqm uses the intelligence of all the individuals, that is their general ability to solve problems by taking local decisions. Individual behavior is central in that it determines the organization's success. Keywords : participation, decision making, motivation, tqm (total quality management), firm's performance
Bareigts, Catherine. "Améliorer la prise en charge globale du patient : coordination, coopération au service d'un meilleur agir collectif." Lyon 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO33019.
Full textRivalan, Marion. "Modélisation de la prise de décision adaptée et inadaptée chez le rat et caractérisation psychobiologique des différences inter-individuelles." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21690/document.
Full textDecision-making is a crucial adaptive process. Making a decision depends on executive, motivational, and affective capacities that rely on the integrity of several frontal-subcortical circuits, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Poor decision-making is a characteristic of many psychiatric disorders and some neuropsychopathologies. A major goal of behavioural neuroscience is to determine the behavioural traits, cognitive functions and neurobiological substrates involved in this complex process of choice under normal and dysfunctional conditions Based on the principle of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) in humans, we have developed a decision-making task in rats that assesses their ability to choose under conditions of uncertainty between several conflicting options that differ with respect to long term gain. In this task, conditions of the test can be easily modified to increase or decrease the task difficulty. Furthermore, a single test session allows observation of the evolution of the decision-making process across time. Using this task we highlighted individual differences by detecting good and poor decision-makers. We found that a combination of behavioural characteristics related to different psychopathologies in humans were specifically associated with poor decision-making in rats. Rat poor decision-makers displayed less behavioural flexibility, greater motor impulsivity and increased risk-taking behaviour that was associated with a greater sensitivity to reward. Moreover, our results reveal that rats solve our decision-making task by differentially recruiting prefrontal cortical areas according to pre-existing behavioural traits. Finally, our model presents a unique opportunity to study the behavioural characteristics and neurobiological substrates of decision-making under pathological and non pathological conditions. Using this technique, it will be possible to investigate if the combination of behavioural traits identified in the poor decision-making rat is also observed clinically and if these traits are predictive of the development of psychopathology
Bibalou, Euloge. "Approche clinique et systémique de la dynamique relationnelle dans la prise en charge de la maladie d'Alzheimer." Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0028.
Full textAlzheimer's dementia is currently incurable neurodegenerative disorder, its support remains a public health problem at international level. It has over 32 million people worldwide and approximately 1000. 000 cases in France. Caring for people with this disorder are physically and psychologically stressful for caregivers and family caregivers. The question of stress, burnout and their corollaries is acute insofar as the consequences of dependence on the Alzheimer patient caregivers and caregivers are multiple, including: insomnia, anxiety, social isolation, irritability, tiredness, nervous breakdown, musculoskeletal diseases, tension within the teams, family crises, the desire for euthanasia, investment, anticipatory grief, etc. The intersection approaches: systemic, psychological and psychoanalytic was necessary for this study. The clinical interviews undirected and the award of scales of Burn-out and the Zarit Burden performed with 23 caregivers and 14 primary caregivers have the opportunity to identify and verify the potential existence of some exhaustion for our two peoples. The thematic analysis of interviews and performance scales were used to assess the magnitude of the burden on caregivers in their home caregivers and those within EHPAD
Rolland, Florence. "Les apports de la justice organisationnelle dans le cadre de décisions défavorables." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE2034.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to examine the contribution of organizational justice theories to the introduction of organizational policies and specifically in the case of negative decisions. To this end, we analysed the effects of explanation provision on individuals’ reactions to an unfavourable outcome illustrated by a negative hiring decision. In six studies, we manipulated the explanations used to communicate a negative hiring decision and examined their effects on justice judgments of individuals concerned by the decision. Our studies, testing the propositions of fairness theory (Folger & Cropanzano, 2001), showed the theory’s utility for describing conditions and psychological processes underlying the beneficial effects of explanations on individuals’ reactions to negative decisions
Bascougnano, Sandra. "Savoirs, idéologies traitements différentiels discriminants dans les rapports soignants/soignés : la prise en charge hospitalière du VIH-sida à la Réunion et en Ile de France." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070053.
Full textThis work looks into mechanisms and processes relating to the setting up of differentiel discriminating treatments dealing with HIV-Aids patients in hospitals. It is based on research carried out in three hospitals: two of them are located in the Reunion Island and the third one in Ile-de-France. With regard to the analysis of patients and hospital staff views, the study of their interaction and of hospital everyday life, it has been necessary to carry out a work of comparison and integration of the data obtained in the proper context. Thus we have been able to locate the setting up of a differential discriminating treatment at the meeting point of individual and mutual interaction, as well as structural, institutional, social, political, sanitary, medical and cultural reasons. Our study has pointed out the existence of differentiation relating to the care given in hospitals to Aids patients. The study highlights the fact that differentiation is the result of patients being put into categories rather than from being cared for individually. These categories are intrinsically linked to the idea of "risk"; they are born from epidemiology and ordinary social representations. They have been integrated by hospital staff, and have impacted on the global care given to patients. The study underlines the effects of both scientific and ideological knowledge inferred by the existence of categories. It shows that differential discriminating treatments exist in medical care
Rhondali, Wadih. "Prise en compte de la dépression en oncologie : les coulisses de la recherche." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20111.
Full textThis work is exploring the associated issues with the management of depression among cancer patients by exploring several levels of representations: health care professionals, patients and patients’ families. Depression is a common disease in oncology with a prevalence of 15%, which increases with the worsening of the cancer disease. It worsens other symptoms such as pain, fatigue, anxiety and impacts patients’ quality of life and survival. Furthermore, cancer specific management is more difficult among depressed patients. The different objectives of this research were to explore the barriers to depression management in oncology and to make health care porfessional aware of this disease by proposing a reflection on the modalities of care.After having conducted a literature review, we started a study to translate and validate a depression screening scale that seemed suited to our population and modalities of care. This scale was then proposed and used routinely in different places of care. Our results were consistent with the international literature regarding the prevalence of depression and its association with other symptoms. We have then explored correlation between depression assessment by the patient, the physician and the nurse. The levels of agreement were found weak. Similar results were found in another study exploring the use of different methods to assess depression in elderly patients with advanced cancer.After these studies, we conducted a retrospective study aiming to evaluate the impact of the intervention of a supportive care team on the severity of depression in advanced cancer patients with positive results and a summary of the existing literature on depression pharmacological treatments.The last part used a different approach to depression study with the goal to assess social representations of depression in several groups (health care professionals, patients and their family). After a general discussion of this work and the presentation of limitations, we conclude with the prospects for the management of depression in oncology
Liberona, Concha Nanette Paz. "La prise en charge des immigrants sud-américains dans le système public de santé chilien : un espace de tensions interethniques." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070057.
Full textFor a few years the South American workers chose Chile as country of immigration. This new phenomenon caused hostile reactions in the local population, been used to conceive the inhabitants of the nearby countries in particular the Peruvians, as the enemies of the nation. Public places and institutions became scenarios of conflict between locals and foreigners, among which, the public System of health. The new interethnic relations between caregivers and care-receivers are influenced by discriminatory practices against the immigrant populations. But the problem is structural: the migratory legislation is lacking and the health System, dominated by the neoliberalism, advocates its privatization, leading to the loss of the public service and to the intensification of ethnicity-based and class-based divisions
Rasho, Ohannes. "Le clinicien entre le cerveau et le visage : écoute et formation de l'équipe soignante dans la prise en charge des sujets déments." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M129.
Full textBaâbaâ, Jihène. "Modèle dynamique d'équilibre général (MDEG) caractérisé par une gestion déléguée et par des rigidités nominales." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24884/24884.pdf.
Full textTsopra, Tahiraly Rosy. "Conception et évaluation d'un système décisionnel informatisé basé sur le raisonnement des experts élaborant les guides de bonnes pratiques en antibiothérapie empirique." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132034/document.
Full textContext: CDSS (Clinical Decision Support System) for the empiric prescription of antibiotics present many limits: (i) recommendations are only given for clinical situations that are described in CPGs (Clinical Practice Guidelines); (ii) updating is infrequent; (iii) poor ergonomics is an impediment to clinical adoption. To overcome these limits, we propose an approach leading to a CDSS that is able to generate ecommendations as in CPGs, and to display recommendations in an interface supporting knowledge. Methods: Our approach consists in (i) extracting from CPGs the deep medical reasoning used by experts to establish recommendations, (ii) using the decision process in empiric antibiotherapy and the usability principles to design a pleasant interface. Results: The implementation of the medical reasoning of the experts as an algorithm using 12 properties of antibiotics, allows to retrieve automatically the recommended antibiotics for all clinical situations, without the intervention of the experts. These properties could be updated automatically thanks to others resources like drugs data bases. The design of an interface supporting knowledge according to the decision process in empiric antibiotherapy and the usability principles, improve significantly the perceived usability and the confidence in the system. Conclusion: The extrapolation of our approach to the chronic diseases should be assessed
Niemier, Jean-Yves. "Détermination et amélioration des critères décisionnels de prise en charge des personnes âgées atteintes de cancer." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0237.
Full textObjective : To identify changes in the decision-making criteria of general ractitioners and oncologists concerning the care of elderly cancer patients after one year of corrective measures for care practices in the Lorraine region, France. Methods : In 2014, a postal mail questionnaire was sent to all GPs and oncologists in the Lorraine region. This questionnaire was designed to identify physicians decision-making criteria. It was based on the results of a literature review and on existing guidelines. During one year, corrective measures were implemented to improve practices, especially training sessions for physicians and production of specific tools including a guide to the accepted ideas in geriatric oncology. In 2015, the same questionnaire was resent to the same medical population to compare the answers. We also performed a complementary qualitative study of general practitioners and elderly people in charge of oncogeriatric consultation. Results : In 2014, 535 questionnaires were returned out of 2925 sent and in 2015, 480 were returned out of 2987 sent. Our results show for the first time that there exists a significant difference in the overall decision criteria between the two survey periods. Physicians tend to consider the principal decision criteria to be less important after the training period. GPs and oncologists express the importance of the interval before care begins. The qualitative study confirms this data, with a need for training. Patients express significant satisfaction with their care pathway. Conclusion : Training and information sessions for physicians remain the most important tool for improving care practices. The analysis of our data makes it possible to further integrate the patient into the care path, which remains a public health issue in terms of cost and organization
Poitras, Michèle. "L'incertitude dans la prise de décision de signaler la maltraitance envers les enfants à la protection de la jeunesse : étude comparative des processus décisionnels du personnel scolaire entre des situations d'enfants de groupes culturels minoritaires et des situations d'enfants du groupe culturel majoritaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25352.
Full textEven though child maltreatment affects all cultural groups in the contemporary society, statistics from youth protection services reveal that children from certain minority cultural groups are over-represented compared to the group’s relative importance in the general population. Although bias present in the decision to report these children might explain this phenomenon, empirical studies currently available do not confirm this explanation, or even provide a general understanding of the decision-making process involved. The goal of this qualitative study is to understand the ways in which school personnel decides to report situations of child maltreatment to the youth protection services, in particular when the situations concern children from cultural minority groups. Twenty-one members of the teaching and non-teaching personnel of nine elementary schools took part in semi-structured individual interviews. They mentioned 25 instances of situations involving children where there were indications of physical abuse or neglect. The children concerned were from different minority cultural groups (n = 13) and also from the cultural majority (n = 12). These 25 situations underwent a wide-ranging pragmatic analysis to examine similarities and differences. Results describe two processes before the decision itself: recognizing the presence of maltreatment indicators, and judging whether the situation must be reported to youth protection services. Many forms of uncertainty that occur as a result of situational, individual and organizational factors, characterize these processes. Furthermore, when it comes to situations involving children from cultural minority groups, additional forms of uncertainty are shown in the need to find and prove the validity of the explanations attributable to cultural differences. In the end, the findings reveal various tendencies that could lead not only to the decision to report the situations involving these children, but equally to the decision not to report them. This study shows that those persons, who are legally required to report child maltreatment to the youth protection services, need better decision-making tools, especially when it comes to dealing with cultural differences.
Benoit, Alexandra. "Préservation de la fertilité et cancer du sein : enjeux éthiques de l'information des femmes : conception et évaluation d'un outil d'aide à la prise de décision pour les patientes." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC412.
Full textIntroduction: Decision-making regarding fertility preservation in the context of urgent breast cancer management is complex. The objectives of this study were to define patients' expectations and information needs, develop an online decision support tool, and assess its apparent validity and influence on patients' informed choice.Methodology: Three research methods were used to address the hypotheses: a focus group of five patients for the qualitative study, the development of a decision support tool using the Ottawa method and a randomized, single-centre study. The latter was conducted with patients aged 18 to 40 years referred for fertility preservation in the context of breast cancer, randomized to the IRIS group (standard information) or the DECISIF group (with online decision support tool). The measurement of informed choice was evaluated according to three criteria using a questionnaire: knowledge, attitude, and whether fertility preservation techniques were available.Results: The qualitative study revealed that the information provided to women and the announcement of potential infertility needed to be improved. The online decision support tool was developed based on recommendations from the patients and health professionals involved, who confirmed its apparent validity. For the quantitative study, a total of 125 patients were included and randomized to the IRIS (n=65) or DECISIF (n=60) group. Better knowledge was found in the DECISIF group (8.6/10 (±1.34)) compared to the IRIS group (6.49/10 (±1.89)). In both groups, patients had a positive attitude towards fertility preservation (96%). The final decision was not influenced by membership in one group or another. Thus, at the end of the fertility preservation consultation, 73.6% (92/125), i.e. 69.2% (45/65) of patients in the IRIS group and 78.3% (47/60) of patients in the DECISIF group, chose to keep their oocytes, embryos and/or ovarian tissue. The proportion of informed choice was statistically higher in the DECISIF group than in the IRIS group (respectively 75% versus 38.5%, p<0.001). In addition, the level of decision-making conflict among patients in the DECISIF group was lower than in the IRIS group (respectively 14.4 (±2.94) versus 15.1 (±2.18), p=0.13).Conclusion: We have developed an online decision support tool to assist women with breast cancer in making decisions about fertility preservation. We have now validated this tool, which improves patients' knowledge and decision-making autonomy without influencing their attitude towards fertility preservation
Pallez-Lartiguevieille, Florence. "Douleur en gériatrie : auto évaluation de la douleur et appréciation de la prise en charge thérapeutique par les patients hospitalisés." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M160.
Full textGout, Marine. "Technicisation du raisonnement médical : une approche communicationnelle des pratiques délibératives et interprétatives en cancérologie." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30301/document.
Full textThis thesis belongs to the field of rationalization studies in healthcare organizations. Its focus is on medical practices observed in multi-disciplinary meetings in the oncology ward of a hospital in South West France. We hypothesize that tension exists between the prudential and conjectural dimension of medical activity and the rationalization dynamics present across the organization. Technologies exist that structure medical knowledge and practices. They equip deliberative and interpretative medical practices. By studying these technologies, we can analyze a specific tension that exists in the depths of the observed conjectural practices. The thesis shows the different conceptions of uncertainty that are formalized in the technological dispositifs equiping medical knowledge and practice. It highlights those areas where objective and epistemic positions differ, and which therefore require articulation inside communicational, deliberative and interpretative processes
Caria, Alexandra. "Négociation et prise de décision partagée en consultation gériatrique : analyse sociolinguistique des pratiques cliniques de diagnostication et d'évaluation de la maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0093.
Full textThe "Alzheimer's disease" category, madness that has gradually been medicalized, presents a nosography that has evolved over time. In contrast, the category’s clinical practices of diagnosis and evaluation have experienced an astonishing continuity. Due to the uncertain etiology, the origin of this pathology remains unknown, and still today a treatment for Alzheimer's disease or tests to determine with certainty if a patient suffers from Alzheimer’s disease do not exist. Despite this, doctors have at least a protocol allowing them during the first visit to establish a possible or probable diagnosis for people considering themselves, or considered by their relative (companion), in cognitive and memory impairment, during follow-ups to assess patients for this type of impairment that is usually associated to Alzheimer's disease, and in both cases to prognosticate this disease by the use of a precise symptomatological grid. Following the "analytic mentality" that is specific to the Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis, which favours the dissolution of the micro/macro opposition, this linguistic and sociological, comprehensive and critical study of geriatric consultations set in French hospitals and filmed in 2008-2009 shows four moments of consultation (opening, tests, interviews, closing) crucial and specific to this type of encounter. Observing a variability of professional practices raises issues that go further than the questions generally addressed in interactional linguistic and comprehensive sociology analysis. A more critical sociological interpretation provides a different insight into the practice of professionals and takes into account the social order that is created during a consultation. It must be acknowledged that, despite the doctors’ professed intention to recognise their patients as partners by putting them at the heart of the clinical encounter, in fact the patient is not always heard by other actors present, all engaged in social power relations. Accordingly, asymmetries in the relationship of the doctor, patient and companion reveal in particular their negotiations in the organisation of exchanges and in decision-making. Medical domination is expressed first of all by the convergent orientation of the participants in the clinical encounter towards a medical objectivation of cognitive and memory impairment, participating in the process of doctorability of the patient's case and the legitimation of "Alzheimer's disease” as an operative medical category. This domination, based on the doctor’s legitimacy and authority, rests on the conditions of exchange, which are imposed on the participants and necessarily accepted by the patient and the companion; these conditions are operationalized during the consultation by the achievement of interactional procedures implemented for all diagnostic or evaluative purposes. In conclusion, the epistemic and interactional asymmetry is a gateway to observe medical domination at a categorical, social and societal level. The need for participants to perform face work at various times and at times the doctors’ perseverance to continue their undertaking of doctorability while the patient resists to make his case a doctorable one, underline subsequently that geriatric consultations aimed at the diagnostication and the evaluation of Alzheimer's disease represent places affected by symbolic, clinical, therapeutic violence
Fath, Bernard. "Les cadres contractuels des collectivités territoriales : interactions et hybridations dans la conduite de l'action publique locale." Phd thesis, Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00235723.
Full textOr, des acteurs administratif territoriaux apparaissent munis d'un positionnement juridique antinomique à la construction statutaire affirmée par les acteurs politiques : les cadres contractuels.
Parce que l'encadrement a un rôle pivot pour la mise en œuvre des politiques territoriales auprès des élus, donc dans la conduite de l'action publique, il convient d'envisager la portée signifiante de leur place, de leur rôle et d'en mesurer les effets dans la relation de pouvoir que ces nouveaux acteurs paradoxaux entretiennent avec le pouvoir local voire la démocratie territoriale.
La contractualisation de l'encadrement dans la conduite de l'action publique territoriale pourrait s'analyser comme un mode de changement de système politico-administratif territorial combinant plusieurs registres concomitants et contradictoires entre eux ; le comportement du cadre contractuel pourrait servir du révélateur d'une triple érosion du modèle classique d'administration et des dichotomies qu'ils véhiculent : entre les sphères publiques et privées, entre une approche statutaire de carrière et une approche non-statutaire, entre l'imputabilité politique et administrative.
Ce sera pour nous l'occasion, fondée empiriquement sur une double vaste enquête auprès des cadres contractuels territoriaux et des élus locaux de formuler la thèse selon laquelle les cadres contractuels illustreraient un phénomène de changement administratif doux combinant à la fois un mode de régulation par ajustement incrémental et une mutation masquée du modèle classique du système politico-administratif local.
Vidaillet, Bénédicte. "La formulation de l'agenda décisionnel des dirigeants : structure et évolutions dans une perspective cognitive." Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090025.
Full textHow decision makers identify and formulate strategic issues has been widely neglected in both managerial cognition and decision making literature. There is much empirical and theoretical evidence however, that managers must represent their environment as a first step in the decision making process. Issue formulation is a part of this cognitive work of constructing a representation. As the manager deals continually with multiple issues among which he allocates limited cognitive resources, we propose that the formulation of strategic issues should be analysed at the more general level of the agenda-building process. The decision makers' agenda entails all the issues that he is considering at the same time. Since the agenda is defined as a representation, its formulation can be studied in terms of content (what it is about) and of structure (how it is structured). In this research we propose a conceptual and methodological framework to study the process of senior managers' agenda structuration. A panel of 4 senior managers has been used and followed during a one year period in order to understand how they build their agenda. The agenda of another manager at a lower hierarchical level has also been analysed so as to evidence the other managers' agenda's specificities. Cognitive mapping has been used to graphically represent the content and structure of the agenda studied. The results of the synchronic analysis allow to answer to the first research question i ("what are the structural characteristics of the managerial agenda ?"). The diachronic analysis i helps answering to the second question ("how does this structure evolve ?"). At least, both i parts are synthesised into a model of agenda building's structuration and the results are i compared to existing research
Véjux, Carole. "Une exploration de l'activité encadrante en collège REP+ : prise de décisions entre prescription et pouvoir d'agir." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0016.
Full textOur research work (2015-2018) focuses on the work activity of three senior management staff (principal and deputy) on a flight deck at a REP + college (Priority Reinforced Education Networks) in the south of France. In this difficult work environment, how do these educational supervisors exercise their real activity, caught between the prescriptive norm and the decision to be made in the daily work? What power to act in the sense of Clot? How can this exploration develop the activity of the supervisors and that of the researcher? Our research-intervention (2015-2018) puts in synergy the theoretical field of the ergonomics of the activity around a methodological framework of the clinic of the activity, and the ethnographic approach. This association allows us to start answering questions about the activity of the supervisors and that of the researcher. In particular, the subjective mobilization of supervisors at work would be relatively structuring of their decision-making in the community. Beyond the prescribed standards, traces of activity on a more "sensitive" level seem to give substance to the decision-making process and help to legitimize the decision taken. Thus, the valorization of subjective and intersubjective traces could constitute a significant individual and collective training resource in the day-to-day management activity. In addition, the theoretical approach would constitute an exploratory track, as one of the ways of access to the emergence of the little visible traces in this environment, favoring a double professional development-researcher
Rimbert, Gérard. "Encadrer les crises biographiques irréversibles : les contradictions dans la prise en charge des personnes âgées dépendantes." Paris, EHESS, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00319197.
Full textAt the end of the 19th century, the collective management of old age was, fundamentally, one of the forms taken by the policies directed at the poor. The extension of the pension system enabled the emergence of the "retired", as a category of perception associated to the idea of rebirth after an active life. But a number of old people experience the progressive deterioration of their physical and mental faculties, and therefore of their autonomy in the everyday life, paving the way for dependency. Such biographical crises lead to a renewed questioning on how to manage a population of "improdutive" old people, wich is framed within the new category of thought linked to the equation of "old age" and "retirement", involving a human vision of care ("respect", "life project", "individual tailoring of care", "care giving"). Within the management structures for dependent elderly people, this evolution is especially felt through the tension between an enchanted involvement that leads to perceive care for dependent people as an opportunity to establish affective relationships and/or to satisfy humanistic leanings, and on the other hand, and the "unglamorous" realities of care giving to the elderly, wich make it difficult to maintain enchantment
Glaa, Besma. "Contribution à la conception et l’optimisation d’un système d’aide à la gestion des urgences." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/35/96/07/PDF/THESE-GLAA-VFinale.pdf.
Full textEmergency management is one of the principal hospital missions. Since the 90s, hospitals have answered, through the emergency structure, an exponential request for not programmed care, which posed the problem of the dimensioning of the structure and its means. This situation provoked enormous organisational problems. In front of this situation, the hospital decision-makers miss tools witch are indispensable to re-size the emergency resources and to choose the new emergency organization. They shall also allow the planning of the emergency management as well as human and material resources allocation. In response to these needs, this thesis proposes an approach of assistance to the management of emergency systems. This approach tackles three principal problems. At first, we focus our attention on the modelling of emergency processes and its main paths. This modelling, coupled with patients flow simulation, will enable us to analyze the functioning of the emergency structure and to determine the parameters which influences the emergency process. We are interested, secondly, in the nursing staff’s allocation by taking into account their profile of competence evolution using the linear programming. In the third time, we shall study the problem of in hospital vital emergencies management. By means of a process modelling combined with a simulation, we proceed to an approach of conception and evaluation of in hospital survival chain. We tackle, in this last stage, the question of appointment of mobile resuscitation emergency team as well as the positioning of semi automatic defibrillator
Catherine, Aurore. "Pouvoir du médecin et droits du patient : l'évolution de la relation médicale." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN0097.
Full textThe doctor-patient relationship has evolved according to medical progress mainly over the last century. This evolution was shown in interpersonal relations between doctor and patient through the emancipation of the latter claiming to be predominant in handling his or her illness and to a large extent his or her body. The demands towards the physician have increased in terms of autonomy and more specifically in relation to decision power. From a legal point of view, this evolution was shown in an a priori significant readjustment of the doctor-patient relationship. The recognition of doctors’ increasingly important obligations within a contractual framework as well as the legislative intervention that highlights the rights of the patient are in line with a reduction of the doctor’s power traditionally characterized as paternalism. The modification of the legal settlement of this relationship shows that the authorities want to change or at least reduce the imbalance inherent in the doctor-patient relationship. Indeed, this relationship is not contractual anymore: it has been statutory since the Kouchner Law of March 4th, 2002. However, a more accurate analysis of the case law and acts would show a completely different reality, excessively reasserting the value of the doctor’s power. Indeed, this power has conversely been reinforced through legal registration, thus legitimating a certain number of medical practices. The request of the physician by the authorities within the framework of economic and health public order preservation has contributed to reinforce his or her authority in the different social spheres
Bierla, Ingrid. "Équité et envie dans les interactions stratégiques : une étude expérimentale du jeu d'ultimatum." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2004/50374-2004-9.pdf.
Full textL'originalité du protocole adopté a conduit à établir une classification des joueurs selon leur hypothèse de comportement : envieux, équitable ou tout simplement conforme à l'hypothèse de l'homo oeconomicus mu par son seul gain. Ainsi, si plus de la moitié des individus jouent en se comparant à leur adversaire, il s'avère que plus des trois quarts d'entre eux sont des envieux, ce qui donne peu d'écho à l'argument d'équité. La solidité de ce classement a été confrontée dans un premier temps aux dires des joueurs, interrogés après l'expérience mais également, dans un deuxième temps, aux résultats d'un test psychologique qui nous a permis de relier des traits de la personnalité d'un individu à son profil Le dejoueur
Zawieja, Philippe. "Le burn out des personnels de santé : Le cas de la prise en charge de la maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0061/document.
Full textThis thesis, using data collected from 2,602 professional caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease, explores the relationship between burnout and identity. Articulating psychoanalysis and sociology, this research shows that burnout, while affecting many aspects of the caregiver's identity, is only one of the possible fates of a variety of fatigue entities, that are sometimes specific to alzheimerology. This research draws up a typology of these fatigue entities. It highlights the presence, in this occupational group, of a latent, sacrificial ideology able of activating mechanisms and processes related to moral narcissism, by altering elements from the organizational context in suffering, whose paradoxical dual effect leads to strengthen the sacrificial position precisely to make it more tolerable. By the way, to describe this cycle fatigue linking psychological impact and group identity, this thesis suggests the concept of exhaustopoiesis, defined as a subjective and integrative process of feeling, appropriating, deviating and rebuilding fatigue– arising from which burnout is set up as a socially addressed part of the identity