Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Personnel médical – Santé et hygiène'
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Gariépy, Marie-Claude. "Surveillance de la sécurité de la vaccination H1N1 chez les travailleurs de la santé." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28528/28528.pdf.
Full textCossou-Gbeto, Inheldia, and Inheldia Cossou-Gbeto. "Évaluation de la formation portant sur l'approche centrée sur la personne dans le cadre du projet d'amélioration de la santé des mères et des enfants." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37536.
Full textLa deuxième phase du programme d’amélioration de la santé des mères et des enfants au Burkina Faso a développé et implanté une formation portant sur l’approche centrée sur la personne dans les soins maternels pour les professionnels de la santé afin d’améliorer la qualité des soins. Il a aussi prévu d’évaluer cette formation qui fait l’objet de ce travail. L’objectif est : 1) d’évaluer la fidélité de l’implantation de la formation ACP, 2) d’évaluer les déterminants contextuels (les facteurs ayant influencés l’implantation et le résultat du projet) et 3) d’évaluer les effets immédiats. Elle a été réalisée à l’aide de trois modèles : le « Conceptual Framework for Implementation Fidelity », « The presage, process and product (3P) model of learning and teaching » et le modèle intégré. Cette évaluation a été conduite dans une perspective d’évaluation participative afin de renforcer l’utilisation des résultats de l’évaluation et de permettre le renforcement des capacités des acteurs. Il s’agit d’une recherche évaluative qui a combiné des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives. La composante qualitative est basée sur une analyse documentaire et des entrevues auprès de sept (7) acteurs impliqués dans le projet. La composante quantitative a été faite à l’aide des questionnaires : 1) de satisfaction, 2) d’apprentissage et 3) le DPC-Réaction. Les résultats de la composante qualitative ont montré que l’approche participative utilisée a permis des ajustements dans l’implantation de la formation. Les résultats de la composante quantitative ont aussi montré une satisfaction élevée des participants à la formation ACP, une augmentation des connaissances acquises après la formation ACP et une intention élevée de changement de comportement des professionnels de la santé. Ces résultats présentent aussi les recommandations des participants afin d’améliorer la formation.
The second phase of the Maternal and Child Health Improvement Program in Burkina Faso has developed and implemented training on the person-centred approach (PCA) in maternal care for health professionals to improve quality care. It also planned to evaluate this training, which is the subject of this work. The objective is: 1) to evaluate the implementation fidelity of the PCA training, 2) to evaluate the contextual determinants (the factors that influenced the implementation and the outcome of the project) and 3) to evaluate the immediate effects. It was carried out using three models: the Conceptual Framework for Implementation Fidelity, the presage, process and product (3P) model of learning and teaching and the integrated model. This evaluation was conducted in a participatory evaluation perspective in order to strengthen the use of the evaluation results and to enable the capacity building of the actors. It is an evaluative research that has combined qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative component is based on a documentary analysis and interviews with 7 actors involved in the project. The quantitative component was done using questionnaires: 1) satisfaction, 2) learning and 3) CPD-Reaction. The results of the qualitative component showed that the participatory approach used allowed adjustments in the implementation of the training. The results of the quantitative component also showed a high satisfaction of PCA training participants, an increase in knowledge gained after PCA training and a high intention of behavioural change among health professionals. These results also present participants’
The second phase of the Maternal and Child Health Improvement Program in Burkina Faso has developed and implemented training on the person-centred approach (PCA) in maternal care for health professionals to improve quality care. It also planned to evaluate this training, which is the subject of this work. The objective is: 1) to evaluate the implementation fidelity of the PCA training, 2) to evaluate the contextual determinants (the factors that influenced the implementation and the outcome of the project) and 3) to evaluate the immediate effects. It was carried out using three models: the Conceptual Framework for Implementation Fidelity, the presage, process and product (3P) model of learning and teaching and the integrated model. This evaluation was conducted in a participatory evaluation perspective in order to strengthen the use of the evaluation results and to enable the capacity building of the actors. It is an evaluative research that has combined qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative component is based on a documentary analysis and interviews with 7 actors involved in the project. The quantitative component was done using questionnaires: 1) satisfaction, 2) learning and 3) CPD-Reaction. The results of the qualitative component showed that the participatory approach used allowed adjustments in the implementation of the training. The results of the quantitative component also showed a high satisfaction of PCA training participants, an increase in knowledge gained after PCA training and a high intention of behavioural change among health professionals. These results also present participants’
Bonne-Harbil, Aurelie. "Les droits de la personne détenue en matière de santé." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0262.
Full textUntil recently, society has been largely unconcerned with the health of detainees. For centuries, the penal system has been dominated by the brutality of corporal punishment. Despite a decrease in the suffering inflicted on offenders, the use of detention as the main punishment of common law has not removed the afflictive character from the punishment due to its harmful influence on the physical and mental condition of the detainees. However, the health of the detainees has recently emerged as an issue of public health. The sanitation of penal institutions and the progressive organization of care for the detainees have resulted in the transfer of the detainees’ health care from the public penitentiary system to the public hospital system. This integration of the common law health system seeks to guarantee a standard of care to those detainees that is equivalent to the standard of care enjoyed by the general population. Initially deprived of rights regarding health, the detainee was then recognized with rights that were afforded to all patients. However, if given the particular vulnerability of detainees, special protective measures are implemented, the fact remains that the effectiveness of detainees’ rights regarding health comes up against the constraints of order and security in prisons.Moreover, in order to support the recognition of detainees’ rights regarding health, jurisdictional guarantees intervene to ensure the respect of those rights. The intervention of the European Court of Human Rights reinforces the guarantee of those rights taken from national texts. The influential protection of the European Court of Human Rights which establishes the legal standard necessary to safeguard the health of detainees and recognizes the right to an effective remedy, forces the national court to comply with the European case law. Thus, the national court not only intervenes to condemn any infringement of the detainees’ rights in terms of health, but also to order the release of the detainees when no other guarantee allows to assure the respect for their rights
Nguyen-Van, Quoc-Anh Denis. "Evolution des effectifs médicaux à l'assistance publique - hôpitaux de Paris - un modèle démographique markovien poissonnien, analyse statistique et résultats." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05S011.
Full textVilleneuve, Pierre. "La responsabilité des professionnels de santé : bilan et perspectives." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10032.
Full textDubos, Anne. "Raccourcissement du séjour hospitalier après la naissance d’un enfant à Roubaix : vécu des femmes, travail domestique et pratiques de soins à domicile." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL12022.
Full textContemporary, birth is marked by a paradox: it is both widelymedicalized and underinvested by hospital during the postnatal period. The existing schemes for caring at home cannot be seen as a demedicalization process, but rather as a transfer from hospital to social network families and health professionals. The medical follow-up at home is meant to enable the monitoring of families. This thesis shows that the recommendations of these schemes are not fully applied, sometimes to the families’ disadvantage. Furthermore, the schemes are not adjusted to all the people, we have interviewed in Roubaix. Families’ uses of these schemes are diverse, and the investment and role of the professionals depends on formerly established contacts. Whereas some families take over the proposed assistance and profit from it, others families perceive them as control and distrust. This organization can create some difficulties as eligibility requirements are mainly medicals. Moreover, some families do not systematically take up institutional schemes which could prepare them to an early return after delivery, in order to stay away from this system or to opt for their own experience. According to their socio-economic status, their maternity’s experience or their educational background, mothers and their family do not favour the same knowledge (professionals or non-expert). Eventually, home organization depends on the partner, relatives and friends’ investment, which is barely noticed by professionals and can cause personal and familial breakdown
Peigné, Violette. "Le dossier médical électronique." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010269.
Full textZamaria, Gilles. "Santé et droit : les experts médico-judiciaires." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081859.
Full textZorn, Caroline. "Données de santé et secret partagé : pour un droit de la personne à la protection de ses données de santé partagées." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN20011.
Full textThe medical professional secret is a legal exception to the professional secret; it allows a patient's caregivers to exchange health information that is relevant to that patient's care without being punished for revealing confidential information. That caregivers discuss patient's health information with other medical professional involved in that patient's care is to the benefit of the patient. Nonetheless, there is a fine balance to be struck between a "need to know" professional exchange of information, which is essential to care of the patient, and a broad exchange of information, which may ultimately comprise the confidentiality of the patient's private life. The emergence of an electronic tool, which multiplies the potential possibilities for data exchange, further disrupts this balance. Consequently, the manipulation of this shared health information must be subject to the medical professional secret, the "Informatique et Libertés" legislation, and all of the numerous norms and standards as defined by the French national electronic medical record (DMP), the pharmaceutical medical record (Dossier pharmaceutique), or the reimbursement repository (Historique des remboursements). As the patient's health information is increasingly shared between health care providers - through means such as the DMP or DP - the patient's right and ability to control the access to his/her health information have to become more and more important. A study regarding the importance of obtaining the patient's consent lead to the following proposal: to inscribe in the French Constitution the patient's right to confidentiality regarding health information
Perozzo, Cristina, and Cristina Perozzo. "Perturbations du sommeil, du fonctionnement diurne et de la qualité de vie associées à l'insomnie comorbide à un trouble psychiatrique ou médical." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27405.
Full textCette thèse visait à comparer les perturbations du sommeil, du fonctionnement diurne et de la qualité de vie associées à l’insomnie comorbide à un trouble psychiatrique ou médical à celles de l’insomnie seule. En premier lieu, une revue de littérature sur les perturbations du sommeil et du fonctionnement diurne caractérisant l’insomnie comorbide, comparativement à l’insomnie seule, a été effectuée. Celle-ci incluait 38 études et a révélé que l’insomnie comorbide à un trouble psychiatrique n’était pas associée à des perturbations du sommeil subjectives plus sévères que l’insomnie seule, mais qu’elle était liée à une variabilité internuits du sommeil plus importante. L’insomnie comorbide à un trouble dépressif comportait une proportion plus élevée de sommeil paradoxal et moins d’activité électroencéphalographique à hautes fréquences au cours de la nuit que l’insomnie seule. L’insomnie comorbide à un trouble psychiatrique (principalement dépressif) était liée à une utilisation accrue des soins de santé et à des perturbations plus sévères de l’humeur, de la cognition et des tâches quotidiennes. Peu de différences sur le plan du sommeil ont été observées entre l’insomnie avec et l’insomnie sans douleur chronique comorbide. La fréquence et la sévérité des perturbations de l’humeur ainsi que les risques d’absentéisme et d’invalidité au travail étaient plus élevés lorsque l’insomnie était accompagnée de douleur. Parmi les recherches recensées, la plupart portaient sur l’insomnie comorbide à un trouble dépressif ou à une condition douloureuse. Un nombre limité d’études a exploré la comorbidité médicale et celles qui ont évalué les perturbations objectives du sommeil dans l’insomnie avec et sans comorbidité psychiatrique ont obtenu des résultats mitigés. Plusieurs études comportaient des limites méthodologiques majeures, telles que l’utilisation de critères distincts afin de définir l’insomnie dans différents groupes au sein d’une même étude et le manque de contrôle des effets confondants d’autres troubles comorbides et de médicaments prescrits. Tenant compte de ces limites, une étude empirique visant à comparer les perturbations du sommeil, du fonctionnement diurne et de la qualité de vie qui caractérisent l’insomnie comorbide à un trouble psychiatrique et l’insomnie comorbide à un trouble médical à celles de l’insomnie seule a été réalisée. L’échantillon était composé de 84 adultes, répartis en cinq groupes : insomnie seule (INS; n = 22), insomnie comorbide à un trouble psychiatrique (INS+PSY; n = 16), insomnie comorbide à un trouble médical (INS+MED; n = 14), bons dormeurs avec un trouble médical (BD+MED; n = 17) et bons dormeurs en santé (n = 15). Des analyses multivariées suivies de corrélations canoniques pour des contrastes planifiés ont révélé que le groupe INS+PSY rapportait un sommeil non réparateur un plus grand nombre de nuits par semaine et des atteintes diurnes plus sévères (motivation, fatigue physique, fonctionnement physique et occupationnel, impacts de l’insomnie) que le groupe INS. Selon des agendas du sommeil, les participants du groupe INS+MED dormaient moins longtemps et se réveillaient plus souvent la nuit que ceux du groupe INS. Ces premiers étaient aussi moins productifs au travail. Comparativement aux BD+MED, le groupe INS+MED était plus déprimé et fatigué et avait un fonctionnement occupationnel plus perturbé, alors que le groupe INS avait un meilleur fonctionnement physique, mais plus de symptômes dépressifs, un niveau de fatigue plus élevé et moins de vitalité. Les résultats de la thèse suggèrent que la nature des difficultés de sommeil dans l’insomnie comorbide à un trouble dépressif et l’insomnie seule pourrait différer et que l’insomnie comorbide à un trouble psychiatrique est caractérisée par des perturbations du fonctionnement diurne plus sévères, comparativement à l’insomnie seule. L’insomnie comorbide à un trouble médical est liée à un sommeil plus fragmenté et de courte durée et à plus de difficultés sur les plans de l’humeur et du fonctionnement occupationnel que l’insomnie seule. Ces observations soulèvent les possibilités que l’insomnie comorbide à un trouble psychiatrique soit un sous-type d’insomnie distinct de l’insomnie seule et que la comorbidité d’un trouble psychiatrique favorise le maintien de l’insomnie par le biais de processus cognitifs et comportementaux transdiagnostiques (p. ex., mode de pensée répétitif). Les résultats appuient la pertinence d’adapter les interventions pour l’insomnie chez les personnes qui ont un autre trouble, notamment psychiatrique, afin de les aider à surmonter le fardeau d’un double diagnostic et de leur assurer un meilleur sommeil et bien-être.
This thesis aimed to compare the disturbances in sleep, daytime functioning, and quality of life associated with insomnia with a comorbid psychiatric or medical disorder to those of insomnia alone. First, a review of the literature on the sleep disturbances and daytime impairments characterizing comorbid insomnia as compared to insomnia alone was conducted. The review included 38 studies and revealed that insomnia with a comorbid psychiatric disorder was not associated with more severe subjective sleep disturbances than insomnia alone, but that it was related to increased night-to-night sleep variability. Insomnia comorbid with a depressive disorder involved a higher proportion of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and less high frequency electroencephalographic activity during the night than insomnia alone. Insomnia with a comorbid psychiatric (mainly depressive) disorder was linked to higher health care use and more severe daytime impairments in mood, cognition, and ability to complete daily activities. Few differences in sleep were observed between insomnia with and insomnia without comorbid chronic pain. The rate and severity of mood disturbances and risks of sick leave and disability were higher when insomnia was accompanied by pain. Among reviewed studies, most investigated insomnia with a comorbid depressive disorder or painful condition. A limited number explored medical comorbidity and those that compared objective sleep disturbances in insomnia with and without a comorbid psychiatric disorder yielded inconclusive results. Many studies had major methodological limitations, including the use of different criteria to define insomnia for subgroups within a same study and the lack of control for the confounding effects of other comorbid disorders and prescribed medications. Considering these limitations, an empirical study comparing the sleep disturbances and daytime impairments characterizing insomnia with a comorbid psychiatric disorder and insomnia with a comorbid medical disorder to those of insomnia alone was conducted. The sample included 84 adults, divided into five groups: insomnia alone (INS; n = 22), insomnia comorbid with a psychiatric disorder (INS+PSY; n = 16), insomnia comorbid with a medical disorder (INS+MED; n = 14), good sleepers with a medical disorder (GS+MED; n = 17), and healthy good sleepers (n = 15). Multivariate analyses followed by canonical correlations for a priori contrasts revealed the INS+PSY group reported more nights of nonrestorative sleep and more severe daytime impairments (motivation, physical fatigue, physical and occupational functioning, insomnia-related consequences) than the INS group. According to sleep diaries, participants in the INS+MED group had shorter nights of sleep and more nighttime awakenings than those in the INS group. The former were also less productive at work. Compared to GS+MED, the INS+MED group was more depressed and fatigued, and had poorer occupational functioning, while the INS group had better physical functioning, but more severe depressive symptoms, higher levels of fatigue, and less vitality. Results of the thesis suggest that the nature of sleep complaints differs in insomnia with and without a comorbid depressive disorder and that insomnia with a comorbid psychiatric disorder is characterized by more severe daytime deficits compared to insomnia alone. Insomnia with a comorbid medical disorder was associated with a shorter and more fragmented sleep, and with more impairments in mood and role functioning than insomnia alone. Findings raise the possibilities that insomnia with a comorbid psychiatric disorder is distinct from insomnia alone and that psychiatric comorbidity contributes to the maintenance of insomnia via transdiagnostic cognitive and behavioral processes (e.g., repetitive thinking). Results support the relevance of adapting interventions for insomnia among persons with another disorder, notably a psychiatric disorder, to help them overcome the burden of a dual diagnosis and insure improved sleep and well-being.
This thesis aimed to compare the disturbances in sleep, daytime functioning, and quality of life associated with insomnia with a comorbid psychiatric or medical disorder to those of insomnia alone. First, a review of the literature on the sleep disturbances and daytime impairments characterizing comorbid insomnia as compared to insomnia alone was conducted. The review included 38 studies and revealed that insomnia with a comorbid psychiatric disorder was not associated with more severe subjective sleep disturbances than insomnia alone, but that it was related to increased night-to-night sleep variability. Insomnia comorbid with a depressive disorder involved a higher proportion of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and less high frequency electroencephalographic activity during the night than insomnia alone. Insomnia with a comorbid psychiatric (mainly depressive) disorder was linked to higher health care use and more severe daytime impairments in mood, cognition, and ability to complete daily activities. Few differences in sleep were observed between insomnia with and insomnia without comorbid chronic pain. The rate and severity of mood disturbances and risks of sick leave and disability were higher when insomnia was accompanied by pain. Among reviewed studies, most investigated insomnia with a comorbid depressive disorder or painful condition. A limited number explored medical comorbidity and those that compared objective sleep disturbances in insomnia with and without a comorbid psychiatric disorder yielded inconclusive results. Many studies had major methodological limitations, including the use of different criteria to define insomnia for subgroups within a same study and the lack of control for the confounding effects of other comorbid disorders and prescribed medications. Considering these limitations, an empirical study comparing the sleep disturbances and daytime impairments characterizing insomnia with a comorbid psychiatric disorder and insomnia with a comorbid medical disorder to those of insomnia alone was conducted. The sample included 84 adults, divided into five groups: insomnia alone (INS; n = 22), insomnia comorbid with a psychiatric disorder (INS+PSY; n = 16), insomnia comorbid with a medical disorder (INS+MED; n = 14), good sleepers with a medical disorder (GS+MED; n = 17), and healthy good sleepers (n = 15). Multivariate analyses followed by canonical correlations for a priori contrasts revealed the INS+PSY group reported more nights of nonrestorative sleep and more severe daytime impairments (motivation, physical fatigue, physical and occupational functioning, insomnia-related consequences) than the INS group. According to sleep diaries, participants in the INS+MED group had shorter nights of sleep and more nighttime awakenings than those in the INS group. The former were also less productive at work. Compared to GS+MED, the INS+MED group was more depressed and fatigued, and had poorer occupational functioning, while the INS group had better physical functioning, but more severe depressive symptoms, higher levels of fatigue, and less vitality. Results of the thesis suggest that the nature of sleep complaints differs in insomnia with and without a comorbid depressive disorder and that insomnia with a comorbid psychiatric disorder is characterized by more severe daytime deficits compared to insomnia alone. Insomnia with a comorbid medical disorder was associated with a shorter and more fragmented sleep, and with more impairments in mood and role functioning than insomnia alone. Findings raise the possibilities that insomnia with a comorbid psychiatric disorder is distinct from insomnia alone and that psychiatric comorbidity contributes to the maintenance of insomnia via transdiagnostic cognitive and behavioral processes (e.g., repetitive thinking). Results support the relevance of adapting interventions for insomnia among persons with another disorder, notably a psychiatric disorder, to help them overcome the burden of a dual diagnosis and insure improved sleep and well-being.
Guittard, Laure. "Le dossier de santé détenu par le patient : attentes des acteurs, impact médical, relationnel et systémique." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10297.
Full textThe conditions of use and access to medical records became an important source of interest in the last decade. Our objective was to estimate the impact of a patient-held records, shared with health professionals. Using the example of breast cancer management, we identified practitioners and patients’ expectations and we defined the size of a medical records which could be held by each patient. The synthesis of these works allowed us to set up a randomized controlled trial comparing patients with the usual follow-up and patients holding this new records containing essential information for their follow-up. The patient-held records is a source of membership and satisfaction for the patients and health professionals. It was used as a tool of communication between physicians and patients but could also cause anxiety to some patients. The patient quality of life, the data confidentiality or the care consumption remained identical. A new concept of medical records was revealed by this study
Bonnardel, Claudine. "Etude sociologique, médicale et biologique des phénomènes d'alcoolisation et de vie à la rue." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P263.
Full textCatteau, Céline. "Evaluation d'une mesure nationale expérimentale d'amélioration de l'hygiène bucco-dentaire en établissement médico-social : le Projet Santé Orale et Autonomie." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF1DD01/document.
Full textOral hygiene practices in special care establishments are clearly unsatisfactory, increasing the risk of infectious oral disease and associated morbidity for the population attending these establishments. The 'Oral Health and Autonomy' project was part of the French Oral Health Plan for 2006-2009. Dentists taking in part in the project completed an online training course and were reimbursed for the implementation of an oral health promotion intervention in a special care establishment. The interventions followed a standardised, common protocol, which included: 1) a conference presentation for the staff, 2) individualised oral risk assessment for each resident and 3) hands-on workshops demonstrating oral hygiene techniques for the residents accompanied by their key workers. This document describes and evaluates the impact of the 'Oral Health and Autonomy' project. Twenty-six dentists completed the project. After completion of the online training course, the self-efficacy of the dentists in 16 specific skills significantly increased. A decrease in the presence of dental plaque was observed for 33.7% of the residents (n = 691). Improvement in oral hygiene behaviour within the establishment was observed for 11.5% of the residents (n=814). This study is the first to show the relatively low impact of this type of intervention and suggests that different approaches to oral health promotion should be used in conjunction to improve outcomes
Mosquera, Claudia. "La responsabilité du fait de la prestation des services de santé : analyse comparative du droit colombien et du droit français." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=93d4a8be-e8d1-47a8-937a-0650b2ba9d33.
Full textThe medical act increasingly complex and technical, has a vocation to heal. However it may also harm without any fault of its author or of the service that supported the patient. So when the patient or his successors suffer from material or moral damage by virtue of medical procedure, the law through mechanisms of repair and compensation judicial or extra - judicial attempts to provide solutions. The avant-garde French law in matters of medical and hospitable liability, and in matter of medical damage repair has been questioning since years already on the recognition and support of such damages. Thanks to this long reflection process, the Law of 4 March 2002 on patients' rights and on the quality of the health system has seen the day in France. Colombian Law, while it possesses the legal principles close to the French system, has just begun to examine these issues. It still does not possess its own legal system dedicated to medical damage compensation. Moreover, the judicial recognition of some damage is still very low. This thesis allows to compare the solutions adopted by the French law and Colombian law to provide reflection points for Colombian lawyers
Scotti, Jean-Charles. "Évolution technique et répartition des compétences entre le corps médical et la profession infirmière dans les hôpitaux publics." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX32052.
Full textMbemba, Gisèle Irène Claudine. "Les technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) et le travail des professionnels de la santé en zones rurales et éloignées dans les pays en développement : cas du Mali." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31125.
Full textThe expansion of the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in health systems enable some health professionals in developing countries to use ICTs in rural areas and to provide better health care to the population. However, studies on the impact of the use of ICTs on the work of health professionals in rural areas in developing countries are rare. The objectives of this two-part research were: 1) To explore the evolution of perceptions related to the recruitment and retention of health professionals in the four district health centers in Mali that have implemented telehealth in the context of the Equi-Reshus project; 2) To identify the variables influencing the perceived impact of telehealth on the recruitment and retention of professionals in this context; 3) To explore the perceptions of health workers about the implementation and use of telehealth as well as the level of motivation and satisfaction in their work in rural and remote areas of Mali. A correlative and exploratory descriptive design was used for the whole of this research. Concerning the first part, the influence of the telehealth project on the recruitment and retention of health professionals in rural areas in Mali, a longitudinal study has allowed to compare the perceptions of 16 participants who completed the questionnaire at time 1 and time 2. Data analysis was based on general descriptive analyzes for T1 and T2-matched samples, for the two dependent variables and the ten independent variables, as well as statistical tests to detect differences between T1 and T2. For the second part of this research, the use and perceptions of telehealth by health professionals in rural Mali, 17 participants were interviewed. A thematic content analysis, based on the elements of the conceptual framework of the study, was undertaken to identify the main themes. Results for the first component showed that the variable "access to ICTs" has evolved, as several healthcare professionals have been able to use IT tools, while the number of ICT users has not increased. We also found that health professionals participating in the project were informed of the availability of telehealth in the centers, but that few were trained to use them. Moreover, our results showed that changes in perceptions did not significantly change between T1 and T2. For the second part, our findings show that the implementation and use of ICTs by healthcare professionals is confronted with problems that can be overcome. In this case, it is about training of personnel, availability of equipment, accessibility to energy sources and the Internet. Despite this, several benefits related to the use of ICT by health professionals were highlighted. These benefits are for the most part those identified as recruitment and retention factors in the reference model. Finally, our findings showed that perceptions of health professionals argued that access to ICTs or telehealth could promote their recruitment and retention in rural and remote areas. In sum, the results of this study show how the use of ICTs in the health systems of developing countries still encounters difficulties despite the adoption of these by health professionals. It is therefore necessary and urgent for the health authorities to be able to invest both in the improvement of health facilities and in the in-service training of staff, especially by facilitating the implantation and use of ICT in rural and remote areas. Keywords: ICT; Telehealth; Training; Professionals healthcare; Recruitment and retention; Rural areas; Mali
Kertenian, Isabelle. "Variété des pratiques professionnelles et trajectoires de décision : application au domaine de la santé." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX24014.
Full textGonon, Olivier. "Les régulations organisationnelles, collectives et individuelles en lien avec l'âge, la santé des salariés et les caractéristiques du travail : le cas d'un centre hospitalier universitaire." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20053.
Full textThe french hospital workforce is aging. The present work aims at proposing and validating a framework accounting for the regulations that take place in relation to the age, health, and work conditions of care workers in a large hospital. Three kinds of regulation are examined : organizational (turnover within the hospital, special adaptation of certain working conditions in the workplace), collective (new task allocation within the team, interindividual help) and individual (changing working methods, use of new strategies). In order to identify these regulations, we carried out three macroscopic studies using the methods of epidemiology, work demography, and professional course analyses ; and three more microscopic studies based on interviews, questionnaires and work analysis. Concerning organizational regulations, results show that moves that occur along the professional career are influenced by the way some work constraints are tolerated. Indeed, the youngest care units (mean age of personnel) were found to be more concerned than older ones by shift-work, physical and emotional constraints. At the beginning of their career, care workers are confronted with high levels of job demands. This is likely to account for health problems and moves towards units were the type and level of jobs demands are better tolerated. Concerning collective regulations, several types of reciprocal help and task re-allocation between nurses were observed in young units, which serve to better manage physical and emotional stress. Individual regulations take various forms and their implementation is closely related to the worker's room for manoeuvre. Thus, the more severe the reported work constraints, the more difficult the implementation of nurse's competencies. The conclusion stresses the need to favour the three types of regulations as a mean to cope with increasing health problems which are themselves partly due to the increasing age of the personnel
Antunes, Samuel Silvestre. "Identité professionnelle et santé au travail : sentiment de réussite, estime de soi et coping chez les cadres portugais." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20111.
Full textThe current socio-professional reality exists in a climate of crisis and uncertainty. Executive managers are faced with wide-ranging unpredictability, profound change and little security. The challenge managers face today, creates a need for them to succeed in a climate characterized by greater than ever pressure, achievement of objectives (sometimes unattainable), to find quick and effective solutions to threatening problems, which inevitably causes them stress. The need to deal with these demanding situations forces them to accentuate (develop) their emotional skills and their capacity for decision making and effective control of situations. The strong pressure felt by managers to have professional success has severe consequences on their health, personal,social and family lives. The goal of this research is to analyze the health of managers in the workplace. We aim to describe, understand and analyze the nature and dynamics of the psychological mechanisms that may, in the case of managers, explain, on one hand, the link between identity, self esteem and success, and on the other hand, the relationship between the representation of success and the mechanisms of stress coping strategies utilized to deal positively and effectively with these difficult situations. The sample of this research is composed of 200 subjects (senior, middle and trainee managers) aged between 20 and 47. It is made up of 106 men and 94 women. Data was collected using a Representation of Success Questionnaire (QRS) and two Toulousanas scales of Self-esteem and Coping, which we validated for the Portuguese population. We started out from proposition that professional identity has, for business executives, an important role and influences the way in which they construct their representation of success in life in general and in relation to this, more or less conflicting, their other associated identities and activities (family, social and personal). With our research we showed that the professional identity of managers does in fact, have an important role to play in how they develop and construct their representation of success in life in general, together with the various aspects of their lives. The way they evaluate themselves (Self esteem) and deal with stress (coping strategies), is influenced by their professional status (senior, middle and trainee managers). The results arrived at, do not fully tally with our hypotheses. Let's suppose , for example, that senior managers value their professional life in detriment to the other areas of activities (family, social, leisure),and they would have a higher level of self-esteem and a greater ability to control problems and their emotions in the face of stress. In fact, it is the middle managers who value more the dimensions of work and their profession. They have a high level of self-esteem and a great ability to control stress. However, our propositions are verified, if we take into account the complex relationships between occupational status, the level and nature of self-esteem, coping strategies, the sex and age of executives and trainees
Loubet, Guylaine. "Du praticien hospitalier au médecin-gestionnaire : hybridation du métier et tensions de rôle : Une étude exploratoire." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20236.
Full textGilbert, Sophie. "Sécurité sanitaire : analyse et financement." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON10001.
Full textPélissier, Carole. "Conditions de travail et état de santé physique et psychique du personnel non médical des établissements d'hébergements pour personnes âgées dépendantes (EHPAD)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10265.
Full textBackground: Non-medical staff in nursing homes for the elderly are exposed to high levels of physical and psychological stress related to managing increasingly dependent residents with multiple pathologies. Our research approach is based on Green and Kreuter's public health model. This is intended to describe the physical and mental health (epidemiological diagnosis) and to explore working conditions as experienced by nursing home staff (behavioral and environmental diagnosis). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted by 78 occupational physicians on 2,649 employees (706 housekeepers, 1,565 nursing assistants and 378 nurses) in 105 nursing homes for the elderly in the Rhône-Alpes Region of France. Employee data were collected on several validated questionnaires. All statistical analyses were performed on SAS software, version 9.3. Results: Respondents related elevated hardship and desired more continuous training in palliative care. They were highly exposed to psychosocial stress (strong effort, low reward, effort/reward imbalance, overcommitment). Neck and upper limb musculoskeletal complaints and signs of psychological distress were significantly associated with exposure to psychosocial stress. Conclusions: The next phase of the research plan should consist in establishing an educational diagnosis by assessing the organizational factors associated with psychosocial stress in nursing home staff
Verdier, Christine. "Propositions pour la conception et la mise en oeuvre d'un système d'information médical." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10079.
Full textFlora, Luigi. "Le patient formateur : élaboration théorique et pratique d’un nouveau métier de la santé." Paris 8, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA083535.
Full textThis research questions the existential, relational, institutional and socio anthropological aspects related to the experiences of patients in their function of trainers of medical staff. The goal is is to improve the understanding of the patients’ knowledge, of the way they communicate it, of the way they interact with health professionals, and of the individual, collective, and societal processes they rely on. The theoretical frame is built around the ethical concept of Care, the sciences of education, the sociological and anthropological ways of considering the subject. The theoretical frame draws on theories concerning teaching and learning in adult education, health promotion strategies, therapeutic education, and history concerning patients, their experiences and their knowledge. The epistemology of this research is qualitative, comprehensive, and is inspired by grounded theory, using mostly direct, participative observations and action-research. On the methodological level, data are collected through interviews with patients living suffering from chronical disease. They often have gained insights from reflecting on their experience as patients, and sometimes even have created new ideas or procedures related to their disease or to care. We used data from fieldwork and available research to improve understanding on micro, méso and macro levels which resulted in the theorical and practical proposal of a new health profession : the patient as a trainer of medical staff
Gosselin, Marilène. "Le développement professionnel de praticiennes et de praticiens du domaine de la santé : une compréhension des expériences d'apprentissage découlant de la participation à des communautés de pratique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69036.
Full textIn response to challenges for professional development in daily practice and this, among others in the health sector, an alternative approach has been implemented in workplaces in the past few years. These are communities of practice. Research has concluded that they have positive effects in the professional development of the practitioners as well as for organizational development. Although the procedural aspects and the conditions for implementing this device have been documented, the process experienced by the participants in terms of professional development remains less well known. This project aims to clarify the learning process experienced by people participating in a community of practice in order to understand, from a scientific point of view, how to modify or improve their professional practice and therefore to develop professionally. Beforehand, a review of the literature to clarify the concept of professional development is required to position the present works in a constructivist or socioconstructivist perspective. It emerges that, both in the scientific and practical implications to better understand and supporting this process contributes both to the construction of knowledge and to professional identity, the challenge remains to combine its different dimensions: personal, professional and sociocultural. In the empirical approach, it's mainly from the data of the interview carried out with participants from communities of practice that a qualitative case analysis was realized with a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The results indicate that various types of learning process, as theoretically suggested by Jarvis (2010), whether they are non-reflexive, reflexive or reflected or even absent in the immediate future, can be experienced within a community of practice. By deepening this learning phenomenon, we see that it is a combination of actions, thoughts and feelings that will lead to one or other of these learning processes. Our study leads us to believe that, although the outcome will always depend on the interaction of the person in their lived world from their biography, it's possible to influence the learning process. Indeed, the analysis of the potential learning experiences demonstrates the interaction of conditions related to the context, to the educational aspects and to herself in this process. Furthermore, these turn out to be more effective, in a professional development perspective, when they integrate collaborative and learning activities prompting a reflexive practice as well as a development of new conceptual understandings, more specifically, related to the professional practice and work's context. Finally, this research shows us the potential of a community of practice as a collaborative device for professional development, which can contribute to the construction of the identity and learning of the person, and provides some leads to promote it. Thus, by taking into account the dynamics of the dimensions of professional development in the various activities proposed in the workplace and repeated over time, it's possible to act on the learning process of people which evolves with the person and the world in an evolutionary way.
Douville, Frédéric, and Frédéric Douville. "Comment favoriser le don d'organes et de tissus : un enjeu pour les professionnels de la santé." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24652.
Full textLe manque de référence des donneurs potentiels d’organes et de tissus humains par les professionnels de la santé s’explique par des problèmes d’identification des donneurs potentiels, d’approche des familles et de référence aux organismes responsables du don. Cette thèse étudiait les interventions auprès des professionnels de la santé favorisant la référence de donneurs potentiels. D’abord, une revue systématique a identifié les interventions auprès des professionnels de la santé et analysé leur efficacité à promouvoir les pratiques professionnelles favorisant le don dans les milieux cliniques. Quinze études ont été identifiées. Les interventions retenues étaient de nature éducative ou organisationnelle, mais aucune ne faisait référence à un cadre théorique. La stratégie de changement de comportement la plus fréquente était de fournir de l’information sur le processus du don. Toutefois, il était impossible d’établir l’efficience d’une intervention en raison de lacunes méthodologiques, d’échantillons mal définis ou de détails manquants sur les interventions ou leur évaluation. Conséquemment, une intervention basée sur la stratégie d’activation des intentions (questionnaire invitant les infirmières à planifier une action spécifique face aux barrières à référer des donneurs potentiels de globes oculaires aux intervenants responsables du don) a été développée et évaluée par un essai clinique randomisé en grappes auprès de 26 unités de soins dans cinq hôpitaux réparties dans les groupes expérimental et témoin. Le taux de référence de donneurs de globes oculaires a été mesuré dans chaque unité de soins, six mois avant l’intervention et trois mois après. L’étude n’a pas pu démontrer d’augmentation des taux de référence (x2=1.14, 2; p=0.56). La période de suivi post intervention ayant été réduite de moitié par l’implantation d’une nouvelle Loi obligeant la référence de tout donneur potentiel par les centres hospitaliers, une évaluation de l’impact de cette loi sur les taux de référence a été effectuée. Le taux de référence de globes oculaires n’a pas augmenté après l’implantation de la nouvelle législation (x2=0.01, p=0.93). Divers problèmes dont le processus de suivi pour le développement de la Loi et la stratégie d’implantation seraient responsables de cette absence d’augmentation.
The lack of reference of potential organ and tissue donors by health professionals results from potential donor identification issues, concerns when approaching families for consent and lack of notification to organ procurement representatives. This thesis studied interventions towards healthcare professionals to increase potential donor notification. First, a systematic review was designed to identify and analyze the impact of interventions aimed at health professionals to improve donation-promoting professional practices in clinical settings. A total of 15 studies were identified. Interventions were either educational, organizational or a combination of both, and had a weak theoretical basis. The most common behaviour change technique was providing instruction on the donation process. However, it was not possible to establish whether an intervention was efficient due to methodological flaws, poorly described samples or the lack of details on the content of the interventions and evaluation. Therefore, a questionnaire-based implementation intentions intervention (asking nurses to plan specific actions if faced with a number of barriers when reporting potential ocular donors) was developed and assessed through a randomized study clustered at the level of hospital departments. Twenty-six departments from five hospitals participated in this trial. The primary outcome was the potential ocular tissue donors’ notification rate before and after the intervention. Potential and achieved numbers of ocular tissue donors were evaluated six months before and three months after the intervention The study could not demonstrate a significant increase in the rate of ocular tissue donors (x2=1.14, 2; p=0.56). The follow-up period had to be shortened because the Ministry of Health introduced a legislative change making notification of all potential donors to donation stakeholders mandatory in clinical settings. The effectiveness of this new regulation on the potential ocular tissue donor notification rate in clinical settings was assessed. The notification rate of ocular tissue donors did not increase significantly after legislative changes (x2=0.01, p=0.93). Policy formulation and policy implementation issues are two possible reasons for this failure.
The lack of reference of potential organ and tissue donors by health professionals results from potential donor identification issues, concerns when approaching families for consent and lack of notification to organ procurement representatives. This thesis studied interventions towards healthcare professionals to increase potential donor notification. First, a systematic review was designed to identify and analyze the impact of interventions aimed at health professionals to improve donation-promoting professional practices in clinical settings. A total of 15 studies were identified. Interventions were either educational, organizational or a combination of both, and had a weak theoretical basis. The most common behaviour change technique was providing instruction on the donation process. However, it was not possible to establish whether an intervention was efficient due to methodological flaws, poorly described samples or the lack of details on the content of the interventions and evaluation. Therefore, a questionnaire-based implementation intentions intervention (asking nurses to plan specific actions if faced with a number of barriers when reporting potential ocular donors) was developed and assessed through a randomized study clustered at the level of hospital departments. Twenty-six departments from five hospitals participated in this trial. The primary outcome was the potential ocular tissue donors’ notification rate before and after the intervention. Potential and achieved numbers of ocular tissue donors were evaluated six months before and three months after the intervention The study could not demonstrate a significant increase in the rate of ocular tissue donors (x2=1.14, 2; p=0.56). The follow-up period had to be shortened because the Ministry of Health introduced a legislative change making notification of all potential donors to donation stakeholders mandatory in clinical settings. The effectiveness of this new regulation on the potential ocular tissue donor notification rate in clinical settings was assessed. The notification rate of ocular tissue donors did not increase significantly after legislative changes (x2=0.01, p=0.93). Policy formulation and policy implementation issues are two possible reasons for this failure.
Viaud, Jean-François. "Préo[c]cupations de santé, savoir médical, et pratiques de soins sous l'Ancien Régime dans le Sud-Ouest atlantique." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30038.
Full textHealth concerns and interest in medicine were not typical of only a few privileged people under the “Ancien Régime”. In a rather poorly favored region like the Atlantic Southwest of France, they appear in a majority of first-person writings such as diaries, and in account books. Evidence is also given through purchases of medicine books that are revealed by private library inventories. Books intended for the mass and the press in general provided medicine and therapeutic notions. Thus people acquired knowledge that was useful in case of illness, often succinct, but consistent with the tenets of galenic medicine and not very changing. This knowledge was in agreement with the surgeon’s, the most present practitioner in all social groups and the first to intervene with advice and treatments. However, the patient had a certain decision-making autonomy. He treated himself, often with purgatives, using one of the recipes noted in his diary. He also used practices that were less official or rejected by the regular medicine, and, seduced by charlatans, did not hesitate to buy and use their remedies, giving credit to all therapeutic offers regardless of their nature and origin. And these offers, due to high demands, were particularly numerous. The result was a syncretism in healthcare practices which may not show a total faith in official medicine; yet, even in Atlantic Southwest of France, demonstrated an absence of resignation face to diseases and was an evidence of expectation in taking part actively in the maintenance of one’s health
Paulay-Kocak, Sophie. "Enjeux de l'éducation en santé communautaire : des apories conceptuelles aux conflits de l'éducateur-facilitateur : le cas singulier de l'action avec des personnes consommant des substances psychoactives et personnes ayant des pratiques prostitutionnelles sur Marseille." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10133.
Full textClavé, Stéphane. "La responsabilité des établissements de santé publics du fait de leur mission de soins : contribution à l'étude comparée des droits français et espagnol." Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40053.
Full textLaurent, Ludivine. "Les mobilisations collectives des professionnels de santé." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN20014.
Full textThe health sector is in crisis. Over the past two decades, all health professionals regularly show their discontent. The strike of internal consultations with wild private practice doctors, all professions in this sector have experienced a collective mobilization. The research work was conducted to analyze the collective action of these practitioners. Thus both the transition to the action that developments of social movements are the heart of our reflections. It is clear that the analysis of collective mobilization of health professionals includes both a dimension macrosociological (structures, organizations) and dimension microsociologique (beliefs, identities, corporativism). The common link between these two spheres is that all elements are related resources of the social movement, which will permit the establishment of a structure and coherence of the mobilization in order to win the government. This research thus highlight the denominators that explain both the shift to collective action (dynamic mobilisers moving), and developments of these mobilizations (expressiveness mobilizations)
Avogadro, Laurence. "La santé et le recours aux soins des "sans domicile fixe" à Paris." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20024.
Full textHomeless people should be considered as genuine actors in our society. Only in such a way it is possible to take into account the life of these citizens as far as access to health and health is concerned. The fact is that we cannot improve health and health care without the total involvement of those who are concerned. Indeed these people do not ask for health care or do it too late. Similarly the health care professionals misunderstand this category of peolple and subsequently fail to recognize their real needs. Therefore a working relationship between the homeless and the health care professionals becomes a reality only when the images the homeless have about their own health, diseases and bodies are taken into account. From this experience we also gain the means to improve the health care offered. There can be no real access to health care as long as the health care services do not take into consideration the specific needs of the homeless
Adedzi, Kodzo Awoenam. "Culture et santé infantile chez les Agotimés du Togo : place de la médecine traditionnelle dans le système de santé publique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34778.
Full textIntegrating traditional medicine into an African public health system can contribute to improving children’s health in a variety of ways. To date, several studies in the field of health have already looked at traditional African medicine. But few have examined its place in public health systems in Africa and few have studied scientifically the possible relationship between its integration and children’s health. This thesis explores the universe of the health of children living in a rural environment in Togo to examine the problem of integrating Togolese traditional medicine into the country’s public health system. Really, I’m talking about examining the place of traditional childcare medicine in Togo’s public health system, without forgetting the expectations and preferences of the target population. I used ethnographic data from a fieldwork I conducted among Agotime in Togo. Three villages in these rural populations formed my investigative environment in which I conducted semistructured individual interviews with biological mothers, tutors, public health staff and traditional practitioners on the one hand and focus groups with biological mothers and tutors on the other hand. The participant observation supplemented these interviews. According to the results, traditional medicine and biomedicine are, in part, complementary to health care practices for children in Togo. On the one hand, however there are specific expectations and preferences, the answers to which are determined by collaboration between traditional practitioners and public health staff. On the other hand, there are differences in the appreciation of the place of traditional medicine in the public health system, although it must be recognized that traditional care practices such as maintenance, hygiene, nutrition, and therapeutic rituals directly or indirectly influence children’s health. To improve children’s health, there is a clear need for complementarity in action between traditional medicine practitioners and public health staff. Giving traditional medicine a place in the public health system can make a greater contribution to the well-being of children. In this way, the specific expectations and preferences of populations can be met through the development of a consensual care platform for infants and children.
Ory, Lorraine. "Maladie d’Alzheimer et sexualité : scripts et représentations des familles et du personnel soignant." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080050/document.
Full textThis dissertation adopts a constructivist and critical approach of the subject “Alzheimer and sexuality”, by focusing on how relatives and health professionals perceive sexuality. Forty-three interviews were conducted among these two groups and analyzed by grounded theory. By combining the sexual script theory with social representation theory, this research presents in a first part a typology of the representations of the people labeled Alzheimer (PLA), that are mainly characterized by abnormalization. The second part shows that the scripts and representations are not used in the same way by health professionals and relatives. While professionals tend to conceive the PLA’s sexuality as problematic, relatives see it as secondary. In a last part, the subjectivities of health professionals and relatives are analyzed in their social context, allowing to shed light on the singularity and the complexity of their individual positions. Eventually, this work highlights the mechanisms of construction of otherness, leading to forms of ageism and validism manifested by the prohibition of PLA’s sexuality, its limitation, or its unthinkable nature
Uribelarrea, Gabriel. "Le souci des patients sans abri. : Enquêter sur la relation de soins entre le monde médical et le monde de l'assistance." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES012.
Full textThis thesis focuses on access to care for the homeless. After a methodological chapter returns to the interests of a cooperative ethnography, the analysis unfolds in two parts. The first shows how access to care has been structured since the 1990s between the medical and assistance worlds. Then, based on a fieldwork in a hospital outreach to this public, it documents the practices of the nurses of this team who assume a third party role. On the one hand, they seek to remove the "homeless label" that may be assigned to these patients by the professionals of the medical world by presenting them, to the latter, as singular persons. On the other hand, they are trying to reattach them in collectives of care, each member of which represents a potential support to act on care. The second part extends this analysis of collectives of care, based on an ethnography in a nursing home. In this environment, patients rely on dense networks, made up of professionals and other patients. Their attachments to animals and alcohol, which are judged on their "quality of care", can also constitute catches. However, a double fragility emerges: not all care can be carried out in this environment and patients are not supposed to stay there indefinitely. Thus, the thesis contributes to an analysis of the forms of imbrication between inhabiting and (self) care. Also, it opens up a reflection on the achievment of care based on an "ecology of capabilities"
Hamel, Emmanuel. "Modèles de renouvellement avec effets de tendance, et application à l'assurance pour fautes des professionnels de la santé." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33068.
Full textDans cette thèse, nous présentons une classe très large de processus de dénombrement, incluant le processus de renouvellement et le processus de Poisson non-homogène, à laquelle s’ajouteront des taux d’escompte stochastiques afin de modéliser les coûts agrégés liés aux assurances pour fautes des professionnels de la santé. Ainsi, dans l’introduction, nous présentons certaines caractéristiques importantes du processus des coûts agrégés liés aux assurances pour fautes des professionnels de la santé. Au chapitre 1, nous présentons des concepts théoriques préalables à l’élaboration et l’application du modèle mathématique qui sera proposé au chapitre 4. Au chapitre 2, nous présentons des résultats liés aux processus de Poisson non-homogène composé et de Cox composé, avec escompte. En particulier, nous y présentons des expressions analytiques pour les fonctions génératrices des moments qui seront inversées numériquement en utilisant la transformée de Fourier afin d’obtenir une approximation de la fonction de répartition. Au chapitre 3, nous considérons une classe de processus qui généralise celle étudiée au chapitre 2 : les processus de renouvellement composés, avec effet de tendance et escompte. Pour cette nouvelle classe, nous obtenons des formules récursives pour le calcul des moments ainsi que des expressions analytiques pour la fonction génératrice des moments, fonction qui peut être inversée analytiquement ou numériquement dans plusieurs cas particuliers afin d’obtenir une expression exacte ou une approximation de la fonction de répartition. Au chapitre 4, nous présentons les hypothèses du modèle stochastique qui servira à évaluer le risque du processus des coûts agrégés liés aux assurances pour fautes des professionnels de la santé, ce dernier généralisant la classe de modèles considérée au chapitre 3. Au chapitre 5, nous calibrons le modèle proposé au chapitre 4 sur la base de données des réclamations « fermées » d’une compagnie d’assurance de la Floride. Finalement, nous concluons cette thèse avec un résumé des nouveaux résultats et une discussion sur les avenues de recherches potentielles liées à la présente thèse.
In this thesis, we present a very large class of counting processes including the renewal process and the non-homogeneous Poisson process, to which we add stochastic discount rates, in order to model the aggregate cost related to medical malpractice insurance. In the introduction, we present some important characteristics related to the cost process of medical malpractice insurance. In Chapter 1, we present some theoretical concepts that will be used to build the aggregate cost process related to the medical malpractice insurance model that is proposed in Chapter 4. In Chapter 2, we present some results related to the compound non-homogeneous Poisson and compound Cox processes with a discount factor. In particular, we derive an analytic expression for the moment generating functions that will be inverted numerically using Fourier transforms in order to obtain an approximation of the probability distribution function. In Chapter 3, we study a class of models that generalizes the class of models studied in Chapter 2 : the compound trend renewal process with discount factor. For this new class of processes, we obtain recursive formulas for the moment calculations and an analytic expression for the moment generating function. The moment generating function can be inverted analytically or numerically for many particular cases in order to obtain an exact expression or an approximation of the probability distribution function. In Chapter 4, we present the stochastic model that will be used to measure the risk of an agregate cost related to medical malpractice insurance, which also generalizes the class of models considered in Chapter 3. In Chapter 5, we calibrate the model proposed in Chapter 4 on the closed claims database of Florida. The conclusion follows with a short summary of the results and an outline of some extensions for future research.
Gabriel, Aurélie. "Le mineur, quel acteur de santé ?" Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05D001.
Full textThe March 4th, 2002 law pertaining to patients’ rights and the quality of health care carved a special status for underage children. Indeed, the law sets up enhanced patient’s rights specifically designed for minors. The minor child is endowed with the right to receive medical information delivered in a manner consistent with his maturity. The child is further endowed with the right of consent consistent with his exercise of free will and ability to partake in the decision process. As a result, the child being under the legal age for majority does not systematically exclude him or her from the decision making process. Whereas the minor was traditionally excluded from the doctor-patient relationship in favor of his parents, he is henceforth granted to right to be an active participant to his own health care decision. To assimilate the minor’s patient right to legal competency would however be inaccurate. Indeed, the child’s own rights evolve with general patient’s rights. While such rights apply to him, the child nevertheless cannot exercise them for lack of legal competence. Exercise of those legal rights usually rests with the parents or legal guardians until such time as the child reaches the age of majority or is emancipated. Two kinds of rights thus show concomitant evolutions : Children specific rights they only can exercise, and general rights to be exercisedby parents or guardians. The entire problem consists then in determining the influence of these own rights on the general rights and to deduct the place from it and the role realities of the minor as actor of health. The challenge therefore consists in determining the influence of specific over general rights in the context of a minor’s health care decisions. As a general rule, the minor remains a decision maker within a framework. In principle, the exercise of parental general rights has priority over that of children specific ones. Yet, the law ensures the minor child’s right to his own health decision making. Children’s access to self-determination in health care does however conflict with the lack of legal competency, so that it allows in fine every minor to become an autonomous health care decision maker. From then on, it seems convenient to introduce a health care decision making authority increasing with age, leading to an early competency to make health care decision. Following the example of foreign legislation, the age of majority for health care could be set to thirteen
Maes, Blandine. "Représentations professionnelles et accréditation : entre recherche de sens et contrôle." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20083.
Full textToday, no passing through for health institutions development without quality. This concept appeared in the course of time in the health context with a legislation, norms more accurate and restricting, in ordre to comply with requirements of regulations stated by the various hospitals related reforms, especially the one of 1996 which obliges any health institution to proceed with an accreditation approach implementation. The objective of this work is to identify the representations of accreditation with its own principles (quality, quality approach) to different professional groups in health institutions (private, public, semi-public). The statistics analysis of 89 interviews and 175 questionnaires, enable us to comprehend the conmmitments nature on accreditation in function of the context of various health institutions, of social positions, of values and cultures of the groups they belong to. This idea means for somme professionals regulation's action, a technocratic procedure of control, for others, a process, a research of sense, a fundamental step in the continuing search to improve the quality of medical care
Million-Rousseau, Emilie. "La représentation élue du personnel en matière de santé et de sécurité." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020032.
Full textSince the emergence of the CHSCT (health, safety and working conditions committee) in 1982, the elected representation of employees has profoundly changed. Employee representatives, works councils and the CHSCT have had to adapt to the considerable extension of the concepts of health and safety. The integration of the requirement to protect the mental health of workers in the Labour Code has radically altered the scope of competence of the CHSCT. The prevention of psychosocial risks quickly invited itself as the centre of its concerns, thereby extending the consultation obligation borne by the employer. Projects and measures that initially only required the consultation of the works council are now also subject to the prior opinion of the CHSCT. In this procedure of double consultation the employer is guided by the principle of specialty that turns the works council in a mere rubber stamp of the opinion of the specialized committee. The expansion of the CHSCT has caused reiterations and cumbersomeness. A reform must be considered. Transformation of the specialized body in a committee of the works council or redistribution of powers of each : the alternative offered requires discussion
Lacoste-Vaysse, Guillaume. "La protection des données de santé à caractère personnel : pour la reconnaissance des droits du patient." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10047/document.
Full textPersonal data is omnipresent on the internet and their economic importance is growing. For the information society services such as search engines, social networks, or online shopping sites, they have become indispensable. These services appear as essentially free for users, but actually have a particular economic model: the monetization of personal data of users in exchange for free access. The new data processing necessity an original governance by law
Achmet, Véronique. "Les modalités de gestion de l'absentéisme des infirmiers : influences des relations entre leaders et subordonnés, conséquences sur le présentéisme et sur la santé : Une étude dans le secteur hospitalier public français." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTD014.
Full textAbsenteeism is a current phenomenon of concern to many organizations and affects both the private and public sectors. The public hospital sector is particularly affected. The absenteeism rate can be as high as 14% (Brami et al., 2014). These figures are alarming and have been rising steadily over the years. Numerous studies have been conducted to find the origins and causes of absenteeism, but very few deal specifically with how absenteeism is managed and its consequences. Throughout our research, we have been interested in how absenteeism is managed in the limited budgetary context posed by New Public Management, and we wanted to observe the influences of relations between leaders and subordinates in such management. In fact, what does the nurse manager do when he or she learns that a nurse will be absent for a short, long or very long time? First, we studied the influences of the relationships between leaders and subordinates in the use of these absenteeism management modalities, at two distinct levels. On the one hand, the relationships between nurses (subordinates) and nurse managers (leaders) are studied. On the other hand, the relationships between nurse managers (subordinates) and senior nurse managers (leaders) are studied. However, consequences of the use of these absenteeism management methods on the health of both nurses and nurse managers are analysed. The consequences on patients are studied indirectly through the perception of the quality of staff care. The current management of absenteeism also has an impact on presenteeism, an emerging concept that needs to be clarified throughout this work
Seifert, Ana Maria. "Prévention des risques de transmission des infections : Connaître les pratiques formelles et informelles du personnel hospitalier." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28372/28372.pdf.
Full textPreventing infections in health care facilities is a subject of current interest. Despite the promotion of prevention measures, it is well known that they are not completely applied. However, confining interest just to these lacunae does not provide a good handle on improving prevention, if we do not pay attention to other measures that hospital personnel may have developed spontaneously. The objective of the current research project is to describe formal and informal practices for preventing infection used by various categories of hospital personnel, as well as to explore the representations of risk related to their informal practices. The qualitative research approach used gives a systemic vision of prevention activities. We carried out 27 interviews and 186 hours of observation of experienced nursing staff, health care aides and hospital cleaning staff, in two short-term and two long-term hospital units in Montreal. The results show that prevention measures are not isolated acts, but part of a process that starts with risk identification based on three sets of information: patient contamination, environmental contamination and difficulties in interacting with patients. We have identified some measures developed by staff members that allow them to cope with situations where the prescribed procedures are felt to be insufficient; these measures reveal their hitherto-unrecognized skills and can be collective, showing the importance of joint work for infection prevention. The analysis of representations of risks related to Clostridium difficile shows that study participants feared transmitting it to patients and to their own families, and adopted specific prevention measures both at work and outside the workplace. Because of situations where prevention failed, some participants think they may be healthy carriers of that microorganism and fear infection may be activated if they become weak for any reason. Some aspects of work organization may also get in the way of their efforts: the absence of time for exchanging information, the presence of casual staff and the lack of training. We conclude that it is important to support prevention efforts based on collective strategies, that seem to have an interesting potential to prevent infections, and that it is necessary to take into account the preoccupations of staff during educational interventions targeting them.
Lopes, Marta Julia Marques. "Les soins, images et réalités : le quotidien soignant au Brésil." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070109.
Full textThis thesis deals with the universe of health care in the hospitals. The small units and the staff are analised from a sistematic (strategy) and interactive (socio-anthropological) perspective. This base analytical perspective is complemented with a focus on the sexual division of work while a principle of the production organization. Thus, nursing health care is discussed as a concrete result of this division of work based on the fact that nursing is a"natural" female action
Pérez, Caraballo Gimena. "Activité et compétences professionnelles dans des espaces culturellement et linguistiquement hybrides : le cas des professionnels de santé à la frontière Uruguay-Brésil." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20068.
Full textThis research focuses on the study of health professionals who work on the border between Uruguay and Brazil. This area is characterized not only by a “culture of the borderlands”, but also by multilingualism because two standard languages (Spanish and Portuguese) as well as two local dialects (Portuguese Gaucho da Fronteira and Uruguayan-Portuguese - popularly called portuñol) are found in this territory. It is in this particular sense that we are trying to understand how healthcare professionals work in such a singular and complex area. The aim of this research is to study these workers’ professional activity and the competences they employ in their domain to better take care of the patients living in the border. We wonder which competences, other than technical, are necessary to these professionals to ensure a suitable and efficient care of the patients whose socio-economic, linguistic and cultural background may differ from theirs. We have chosen to work on this subject using a variety of techniques, which differ greatly but are all relevant in helping us achieve a holistic understanding of the topic we are studying. In this way, we will mention francophone ergonomics, the theory of conceptual fields developed by Gerard Vergnaud, the clinic of activity, and research from the domain of intercultural studies. More specifically using the historical-cultural theory of mind developed by the Russian school of psychology (in particular Vygotski and Leontiev’s work), we will study the professional activity and competences expressed through this activity. For this purpose, we have conducted this study with 208 Uruguayan and Brazilian professionals, using five methodological tools: ethnographic observations, a questionnaire, informal interviews, the so-called instruction to a double, and self-confrontation interviews. The results of this research show that the health professionals who work on that borderland seem to have developed a set of competences, other than technical, in order to provide more suitable and efficient care. Moreover, and in these quantitative and qualitative results, we have noticed that this culturally hybrid context is not an obstacle to their professional activity. On the contrary, in some cases, it is even likely to help them develop other skills and take initiatives that exceed what is demanded by technical requirements as well as their job's requirements
Moussa, Abba Aïssata. "Attitudes et pratiques des professionnels de la santé vis-à-vis la promotion de l'allaitement maternel exclusif au Niger : cas de la communauté urbaine de Niamey (CUN)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26641/26641.pdf.
Full textDickason, Rebecca. "Le travail émotionnel des professionnels de santé à l’hôpital : caractérisation et leviers d'action organisationnels." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G016.
Full textTranslated into French in 2017, sociologist Arlie Russell Hochschild’s seminal work, The Managed Heart (1983), elaborated the concept of “emotional labor” which has subsequently given rise to studies in several disciplinary fields and contexts and which is central to the emotional demands identified by Gollac & Bodier (2010) as one psychosocial risk factor. As a place rich in emotions where the “extra-ordinary” (illness, suffering and death) is an everyday experience, the hospital is a particular environment for the performance of emotional labor, which involves (1) the management of one’s own emotions, (2) showing or expressing certain emotions in order to influence those of the patient, (3) by following “emotional rules”, all (4) within a context marked by a weight of emotions. This thesis endeavors to offer an in-depth examination of hospital emotional labor: characterizing and defining the concept, as well as discussing the organizational levers that could improve how it might be performed and control its consequences. The fieldwork was carried out in a teaching hospital and concerned doctors, nurses, orderlies / nursing assistants working in departments belonging to different medical specialisations (accident and emergency, geriatrics, rehabilitation, neurology) treating vulnerable or dependent patients. Data production was based on interviews, direct and participant observation and analysis of internal documents. The results of this empirical work shed light on hospital emotional labor in France and its importance for the health professional and the patient. They highlight several elements: the nature of the prevailing “emotional rules”, how (far) they are appropriated by health professionals, how the emotional burden differs between departments, the “emotionally onerous nature of the work”, signs of compassion fatigue (not the same concept as burnout) and the role of emotional labor in patient care. A substantial number of organizational levers are outlined: (1) ensuring common knowledge and skills through targeted or broad-based training, facilitating the opportunities for self-care, (2) encouraging “virtuous” practices consisting in social support dynamics, work breaks, making time and space for collective emotional regulation and reaffirming the place of the patient within the care context
Wiart, Yvane. "Personnalité, stress, émotion et santé, cinq échelles revisitées : l'attachement constitue-t-il une variable sous-jacente permettant de catégoriser les sujets adultes?" Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0166.
Full textThe link between personality, health and disease has been a central question for centuries, even if it remains controversial in France. Much research around the world has been carried out in this field particularly in the study of cancer, which is the basis of the present approach. This kind of research immediately raises the question of measurement, which is quite complex in relation to personality traits. The present research selected five self-evaluation tests, which are among the most widely used and which have already provided promising results in health Psychology. Although these tools emerge from different theoretical backgrounds, they were examined together through various statistical procedures with the aim of determining the relationships among them. A main objective was to categorise subjects, since health or disease primarily concerns individuaIs who tend to be overlooked in dimensional approaches focusing on variables. The main results uncover an underlying construct composed of two central dimensions in the theory of attachment: self-and other-representation. This structure is recurrent throughout the analyses of our sample. It accounts for the coherence of previous results obtained with these different scales and constitutes a solid basis for categorising subjects. A complementary set of results provides finer analyses and the assessment of other theoretical factors relevant to clinical or health Psychology. Globally, this research contributes an evaluation tool which is more reliable than each of the separate tests composing it. As such, it constitutes a useful way to advance research in many areas concerned with assessing personality traits
Tripodi, Dominique. "Facteurs pronostiques et marqueurs tumoraux de l'adénocarcinome de l'ethmoïde." Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=82de0e22-227b-4427-b8c3-d56f13e55fa9.
Full textEthmoid adenocarcinoma, due mainly to wood dust exposure, is the second occupational cancer in France. On a retrospective study about 98 patients recovered from 1987 to 2004, we concluded that global survival rate was 62% at 5 years and was infuenced by exphtalmus, diplopia, TNM stage, local extension to dura and to sphenoid, macroscopic and microscopic control (p<0. 001), cribriform plate surgery (p=0. 0294). Cox model isolated four influencing factors : diplopia (p=0. 0159), orbit extension (p=0. 0113), bilateral extension (0. 00113), TNM stage (p<0. 001). Survival rate was not influenced by duration of exposure to wood dust; nevertheless, total tobacco consumption (pack. Years) could influence survival rate (p=0. 0004). The second study was prospective: 26 patients who had presented ethmoid adenocarcinoma were analyzed. In an attempt to identify genes involved in this disease, we proceeded to a gene expression profiling using cancer-dedicated microarrays, on nine matched samples of sinonasal adenocarcinomas and non tumoral sinonasal tissue. LGALS4 was highly up-regulated, particularly in the most differentiated tumors, and CLU was lost in all tumors. After further evaluation, LGALS4 and CLU may be useful for an earlier detection of cancer in high-risk woodworkers, using sinonasal smear
Marsaud, Françoise. "Etude de la séroprévalence du virus C dans la population soignante d'un service d'hémodialyse et d'un service d'hépato-gastro-entérologie." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M050.
Full textParizot, Isabelle. "Soigner les pauvres : rapports sociaux et identités dans les associations humanitaires et le secteur hospitalier." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.cairn.info/soigner-les-exclus--9782130534174.htm.
Full textCourtois, Robert. "Représentation du sida en France et au Congo : Connaissances, croyances, attitudes, inquiétudes et défenses." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28814.
Full textThis thesis tries to answer 2 objectives : 1) an intercultural analysis of AID's representation ; 2) a relation between its representations and sexual behaviours. After a pre-test in 1996, this study was made in France in 1997 with 1. 859 high-school pupils and with 550 others ones in 1998 in Congo. Results show that the french pupils present a very high level of knowledge, favourable attitudes and tolerance about people with AIDS. They show themselves generally worried and declare to be capable of adopting free risk behaviour. Congolese teenagers have also a good level of knowledge, but this one is coupled with misconceptions,with a decline of the favourable attitudes and blame of persons with HIV/AIDS. An exploratory factorial analysis conducted on their answers allows clearing 8 main measurements and 3 secondary dimensions. Theses data are confirmed by a confirmatory analysis which allows to constitute a questionnaire of small size (25 items) which is structured in 6 scales. Then, we analysed the sexual behaviours and risk taking. The results of the study highlight that the Congolese youngsters present more risk than their French homologues. The factorial analysis allows to draw 3 factorial dimensions in sexual behaviour : first one with low risk and two others with high risk. Before, we looked for their predictors using linear correlations and multiple regressions. At the end, we confronted these behaviours with AIDS's representations. Sellf-efficacy, favourable attitudes, tolerance, but also susceptibilities, are associated with the weakest risk. Knowledge allows the evaluation of sexual risk taking, but is not predictor of safe sexual behaviour