To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Persons died.
Journal articles on the topic 'Persons died'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Persons died.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Barak, Yoram, Asnat Cohen, and Dov Aizenberg. "Suicide Among the Homeless." Crisis 25, no. 2 (2004): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.25.2.51.
Full textAbstract:
Summary: Background: Among the homeless there are high rates of mortality and a significant number of attempted and completed suicides. In Tel-Aviv, Israel, there is an ongoing municipal outreach program for the homeless. Objective: The aim of the present study was to describe the subgroup of homeless persons who had died by suicide. Method: Over a 9-year period the records of each homeless person who had died were assessed by two psychiatrists and a clinical criminologist. The project was undertaken in a large city and was feasible due to close cooperation between the municipal welfare department and mental health consultants. Results: Of the 1,192 homeless persons located and contacted, 156 persons had died (13.1%). Nine of the deaths were by completed suicide (5.8%). All were male. Mean age for the suicide subgroup was 34±8.7 years, significantly younger than those who died of other causes (p < .01). The majority had completed high school education. While the majority of deaths were drug or alcohol related, in only 1 of 9 deaths by suicide was there a history of drug abuse. Psychiatric comorbidity was recorded in 4 of the 9 persons. The majority of persons (6/9) had died of suicide by hanging. Conclusion: Suicide is not a negligible cause of death among the homeless population.
2
Faye, Mbaye, Abdoulaye Dème, and Abdou Kâ Diongue. "Modeling the relationship between temperature and mortality : a case study in SENEGAL." African Journal of Applied Statistics 8, no. 1 (2021): 1473–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.16929/ajas/2021.1473.258.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, we have used the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) to investigate the relationships between high temperature and daily number of deaths in Niakhar, a Sehalian-Sudanese climate in central Senegal. Daily data on number of deaths and meteorological variables over the period of 1983-2013 were considered. Descriptive statistics show that, over the study period, the total of non-accidental deaths were 12,798, among which we notice that 490 persons (3.83%) died of cardiovascular disease, 1,015 persons (7.93%) died of respiratory disease, 3,970 persons (31.02%) died of certain infectious and parasitic diseases, and 224 persons (1.75%) died of nervous system disease From the GAM model, we observe that high temperature significantly increased the relative risk (RR)Indeed, relative risk of deaths due to cardiovascular disease is 1.034 with a 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.025 to 1.044, while it is 1.030 with a 95% CI 1.026 to 1.033 for certain infectious and parasitic disease. For respiratory disease, the RR is 1.012 with a 95% CI 1.007 to 1.017, and for nervous system disease, the relative risk is 1.034 with 95% CI 1.026 to 1.043.
3
Aleksanin, S. S., and S. V. Shport. "Problems of road traffic injuries and road traffic safety in Russia." Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations, no. 4 (December 13, 2020): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2020-0-4-27-34.
Full textAbstract:
Relevance. The paper is devoted to problems of ensuring road traffic safety in Russia, which is the public task of great importance involving the implementation of the policy for protecting people's health, life, and property.Intention. To look for ways of optimizing and implementing the measures aimed at preventing the technogenic emergencies.Methodology. To analyze the indicators of road traffic accidents in the Russian Federation over five years as well as the federal laws in the field of road traffic safety.Results and Discussion. Risk factors of traffic accidents include: alcohol intoxication, speed limit exceeded, overtaking in the wrong place, driver talking, smoking while driving, driver fatigue. In the Russian Federation, there is a persistent downward trend in the number of accidents. In 2019, 164,358 traffic accidents (-2.2 %; all comparisons vs 2018) occurred, 16,981 (-6.8 %) persons died, 210,877 (-1.9 %) persons were injured. According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the number of accidents due violation of the Road Rules by drivers was 146,688 (-1 %); 14,420 (-5.7 %) persons died and 195,037 (-0.8 %) persons were injured. In 2019, road traffic accidents caused by drunk drivers tended to decrease (12,040; -3.5 %); 11,510 (-4 %) persons died and 160,725 (-0.4 %) persons were injured.Conclusion. Drivers' health is directly related to road traffic safety; health promotion would contribute to decreasing the number of road traffic accidents and traffic-related injuries.
4
Annor, Francis B., Rana A. Bayakly, Reynolds A. Morrison, et al. "Suicide Among Persons With Dementia, Georgia, 2013 to 2016." Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 32, no. 1 (2018): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891988718814363.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Findings from studies examining the relationship between dementia and suicide have been inconsistent. This study examined the characteristics, precipitants, and risk factors for suicide among persons with dementia. Methods: Data from the Georgia Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia registry were linked with 2013 to 2016 data from Georgia Vital Records and Georgia Violent Death Reporting System. Descriptive statistics were calculated and logistic regression was used to examine risk factors for suicide. Results: Ninety-one Georgia residents with dementia who died by suicide were identified. Among decedents with known circumstances, common precipitants included depressed mood (38.7%) and physical health problems (72.6%). Suicide rate among persons with dementia was 9.3 per 100 000 person-years overall and substantially higher among those diagnosed in the past 12 months (424.5/100 000 person-years). Being male, dementia diagnosis before age 65, and a recent diagnosis of dementia independently predicted suicide, but not depression or cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: Prevention strategies that identify at-risk individuals, provide support, and ensure continuity of care for persons diagnosed with dementia may help reduce suicide in this population.
5
Johnson, Mark S. "The Tale of the Tragedy of Neftegorsk." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 13, no. 1 (1998): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00033057.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAn earthquake with a magnitude of 7.6 struck the town of Neftegorsk (population about 3,000) on 27 May, 1995. This paper describes the devastation and the human aspects of the catastrophe of the first week following the quake. A total of 1,995 persons were found dead under the rubble, including 268 children less than 16 years of age. There were 1,144 survivors. A total of 406 person were rescued alive from under the rubble of which an additional 37 persons died in a hospital following rescue. Most of the survivors have been relocated, but some remain in the area. There remains a need for psychological support for the survivors and rescuers.
6
Crump, Casey, Alexis C. Edwards, Kenneth S. Kendler, Jan Sundquist, and Kristina Sundquist. "Healthcare utilisation prior to suicide in persons with alcohol use disorder: national cohort and nested case–control study." British Journal of Psychiatry 217, no. 6 (2020): 710–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.122.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is common and associated with increased risk of suicide.AimsTo examine healthcare utilisation prior to suicide in persons with AUD in a large population-based cohort, which may reveal opportunities for prevention.MethodA national cohort study was conducted of 6 947 191 adults in Sweden in 2002, including 256 647 (3.7%) with AUD, with follow-up for suicide through 2015. A nested case–control design examined healthcare utilisation among people with AUD who died by suicide and 10:1 age- and gender-matched controls.ResultsIn 86.7 million person-years of follow-up, 15 662 (0.2%) persons died by suicide, including 2601 (1.0%) with AUD. Unadjusted and adjusted relative risks for suicide associated with AUD were 8.15 (95% CI 7.86–8.46) and 2.22 (95% CI 2.11–2.34). Of the people with AUD who died by suicide, 39.7% and 75.6% had a healthcare encounter <2 weeks or <3 months before the index date respectively, compared with 6.3% and 25.4% of controls (adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) and difference (PD), <2 weeks: PR = 3.86, 95% CI 3.50–4.25, PD = 26.4, 95% CI 24.2–28.6; <3 months: PR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.94–2.12, PD = 34.9, 95% CI 32.6–37.1). AUD accounted for more healthcare encounters within 2 weeks of suicide among men than women (P = 0.01). Of last encounters, 48.1% were in primary care and 28.9% were in specialty out-patient clinics, mostly for non-psychiatric diagnoses.ConclusionsSuicide among persons with AUD is often shortly preceded by healthcare encounters in primary care or specialty out-patient clinics. Encounters in these settings are important opportunities to identify active suicidality and intervene accordingly in patients with AUD.
7
Goulielmos, Alexandros M., Markos A. Goulielmos, and Androniki Gatzoli. "The accident of passenger‐car vesselSamina Express(2000), when 80 persons died." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 18, no. 3 (2009): 338–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09653560910965682.
Full text
8
Zivkovic, Vladimir, Borislav Miletic, Slobodan Nikolic, and Fehim Jukovic. "Sudden cardiac death and acute drunken state: Autopsy study." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 138, no. 9-10 (2010): 590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1010590z.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Sudden natural death occurs unexpectedly in apparently healthy subjects, or in persons during an apparent benign phase in the course of disease. The most common cause is sudden cardiac death, which is sometimes the first and last manifestation of coronary heart disease. Alcohol directly influences excitation of myocytes, and therefore provokes arrhythmias and possibly, sudden cardiac death. Objective. To establish the frequency of sudden cardiac death in cases of acute alcohol intoxication, to determine blood alcohol concentration at the moment of death, and to determine frequency and level of ethanol intoxication in chronic alcohol abusers, as well as causes of sudden death in those cases. Method. Retrospective autopsy study was performed for a three-year-period. We analyzed cases of sudden natural death, in relation to age and gender, cause of death, and blood alcohol concentration (at least 0.5 g/L). We considered the person to be a chronic alcoholic abuser if gross examination of organs during autopsy showed changes typical for excessive and habitual alcohol consumption. Results. Our sample consisted of 997 cases: 720 men and 277 women, average age 62.0?15.2 years (min=11; max=98). Total of 753 of them died of sudden cardiac death: much more men (?2=167.364; p=0.000), significantly younger than women (t=6.203; p=0.000). We determined acute alcohol intoxication in 73 persons - average blood alcohol concentration 1.85?1.01 g/L (min=0.55; max=3.85), and 61 of them died of cardiovascular diseases (?2=236.781; df=5; p=0.000). Conclusion. In our observed sample, not many persons were under acute alcohol intoxication (around 7%). Most commonly, they were chronic alcohol abusers who died due to exacerbation of chronic heart disease, mildly or moderately intoxicated - the younger, the drunker.
9
Taylor, Elizabeth Johnston, Brian Ensor, and James Stanley. "Place of death related to demographic factors for hospice patients in Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand." Palliative Medicine 26, no. 4 (2011): 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216311412229.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Because socioeconomic and cultural factors contribute to where one dies, it is important to document place of death determinants in diverse societies. Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe where persons in an Aotearoa New Zealand hospice die, and to identify factors that are associated with place of death. Design: A retrospective chart review was conducted. Setting/Participants: Data were extracted from the charts of all patients receiving services from one hospice (i.e. secondary care) for whom death occurred during 2006–2008; 1268 cases for whom place of death was recorded comprise this sample. Results: For close to half (47%), death occurred in the hospice inpatient unit, whereas 29% died at home, 8% died in an acute hospital setting, and 17% died in an aged/residential care facility. Bivariate analyses showed that persons who die in an aged/residential care facility are more likely to be aged 65 or older, unmarried, have a non-cancer diagnosis, and are likely poorer. Asians, those aged less than 65, those with cancer, and those admitted initially to hospice for respite care tended to die in the hospice inpatient unit. Multinominal logistic regression indicated that dying at home was only predicted by being from a Pacific Island. Conclusions: Age, economics, diagnosis, ethnicity, marital status, and whether one enters a hospice service for (at least in part) respite were all associated to a certain extent with where one dies. These findings contribute to the growing evidence linking various factors, especially ethnic groups, with place of death.
10
Lim, Ming Y., Dunlei Cheng, Michael Recht, Christine L. Kempton, and Nigel S. Key. "Inhibitors and mortality in persons with nonsevere hemophilia A in the United States." Blood Advances 4, no. 19 (2020): 4739–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002626.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Although persons with nonsevere hemophilia A (NSHA) account for about one-half of the hemophilia A population, epidemiological data in this subset of individuals are scarce. We set out to describe the clinical characteristics of persons with NSHA with inhibitors, and to determine mortality rates, predictors of mortality, and primary causes of death in persons with NSHA in the United States over a 9-year period (2010-2018). We queried the American Thrombosis and Hemostasis Network dataset (ATHNdataset) for information on demographics, inhibitor status, and date and cause of death. A total of 6624 persons with NSHA (86.0% men; 14.0% women) were observed for an average of 8.5 years; total 56 119 person-years . The prevalence of inhibitors was 2.6% (n = 171), occurring at a median age of 13 years. At the end of follow-up, 136 persons died at a median age of 63 years; an age-adjusted mortality rate of 3.3 deaths per 1000 person-years. Three deaths occurred in inhibitor participants. Presence of inhibitors was not associated with increased mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR], 0.7, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2-2.3). Factors independently associated with increased risk of death (HR, 95% CI) were the following: age (10-year increase) (2.1, 2.0-2.4); male (2.6, 1.0-6.4); hepatitis C (2.2, 1.5-3.1); and HIV (3.6, 2.2-6.0). The most common primary cause of death was malignancy (n = 27, 20.0%). In persons with NSHA, the development of inhibitors occurred at an early age and was not associated with increased mortality.
11
Gaikwad, Pragati B., Kanchan P. Khandare, Amitabha Dan, Mohammed Jalaluddeen, Achhelal R. Pasi, and Sujeet Kumar Singh. "Profile of Indians died abroad: analysis of secondary data of human remains arrived at point of entry in Mumbai." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 8 (2018): 3577. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183101.
Full textAbstract:
Background: According to Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) – India, in 2015 a total of 8315 people of Indian origin died abroad and more than 65% were from United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Saudi Arabia. Present study was conducted to study the demographic profile and cause of death in case of persons died abroad.Methods: Present descriptive study was conducted in APHO, Mumbai and it was a secondary data analysis. All records during 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2016, available in the office of APHO Mumbai related to clearance of dead body were reviewed. Data analysis was done in line with objectives by using Microsoft Excel. Qualitative data was presented by using number and percentages while quantitative data was presented by using mean and standard deviation.Results: During the reporting period 534 dead bodies arrived at CSMI Airport. Average age of the person died abroad was 48.4 years and more than 85% were males. In more than 65% of cases the reported cause of death was heart related including cardiac arrest and road traffic accidents. More than 50% of dead bodies were from gulf countries.Conclusions: Death was reported in a significant number of Indians travelling abroad and most of them were relatively young. Heart diseases including cardiac arrest and road traffic accidents were the commonest reported cause of death. A targeted health communication strategies for modification of life style and behavior change is recommended for persons travelling abroad.
12
Clapperton, Angela, Lyndal Bugeja, Stuart Newstead, and Jane Pirkis. "Identifying Typologies of Persons Who Died by Suicide: Characterizing Suicide in Victoria, Australia." Archives of Suicide Research 24, no. 1 (2018): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2018.1507855.
Full text
13
Cachay, Edward R., Alvaro Mena, Luis Morano, et al. "Hepatitis C Treatment Outcomes in Persons With HIV and Decompensated Cirrhosis Using a Collaborative Multidisciplinary HIV-Centered Approach." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 20 (January 1, 2021): 232595822110247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259582211024771.
Full textAbstract:
Fifty-four consecutive persons with HIV co-infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and liver decompensation were treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAA). The HCV treatment was delivered using a multidisciplinary HIV-coinfection model of care integrating sub-specialty services in 3 countries. Of those treated, 91% (95% confidence interval, 80.1 to 95.9) achieved sustained viral response, and only one person died during treatment. Our study provides evidence that HIV providers achieve excellent outcomes when treating patients with histories of decompensated liver disease, with characteristics similar to those studied using a multidisciplinary HIV-centered approach.
14
Clapperton, Angela, Stuart Newstead, Lyndal Bugeja, and Jane Pirkis. "Differences in Characteristics and Exposure to Stressors Between Persons With and Without Diagnosed Mental Illness Who Died by Suicide in Victoria, Australia." Crisis 40, no. 4 (2019): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000553.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Background: Mental illness is an established risk factor for suicide. To develop effective prevention interventions and strategies, the demographic characteristics and stressors (other than, or in addition to, mental illness) that can influence a person's decision to die by suicide need to be identified. Aim: To examine cases of suicide by the presence or absence of a diagnosed mental illness (mental illness status) to identify differences in factors associated with suicide in the groups. Method: Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate mental illness status and exposure to stressors among 2,839 persons who died by suicide in Victoria, Australia (2009–2013), using the Victorian Suicide Register. Results: Females, metropolitan residents, persons treated for physical illness/injury, those exposed to stressors related to isolation, family, work, education, and substance use and those who had made a previous suicide attempt had increased odds of having a diagnosed mental illness. Employed persons had decreased odds of having a diagnosed mental illness. Limitations: The retrospectivity of data collection as well as the validity and reliability of some of the data may be questionable owing to the potential for recall bias. Conclusion: The point of intervention for suicide prevention cannot always be a mental health professional; some people who die by suicide either do not have a mental illness or have not sought help.
15
Trushel', N. A., N. I. Nechipurenko, R. R. Sidorovich, O. L. Zmachinskaya, and I. V. Bokhan. "Features of the Structure of Cerebral Vessels in Persons who Died from Rupture of Cerebral Artery Aneurysm." Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology 7, no. 4 (2019): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2018-7-4-75-80.
Full textAbstract:
The aimof the study is to define of variants of the Willi’s circle and also structural features of the vessel walls at the site of aneurysm location in people who died from aneurysms in the dead from their rupture to identify risk groups for cerebrovascular disease.Material and methods.The structure of cerebral vessels of 8 people at the age from 17 to 69 of both sexes who died from subarachnoid hemorrhage of aneurysmal genesis was examined due to macro-microscopical and clinical methods. Histology slides of cerebral arterial walls of aneurysm area were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Mallory’s technique and then were examined.Results. Variants of the Willi’s circle and morphological features of vessel walls located in aneurysm formation area in people who died from aneurysm rupture are shown in the articleConclusion. Not classic variants of Willi’s circle, fibromuscular dysplasia of the medial type and atherosclerotic changes of vessel walls contributes to aneurysm occurrence in cerebral vessels.
16
Kisselev, Andrei K. "International Red Cross Response to the Earthquake in Armenia, December 1988." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 5, no. 2 (1990): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00026765.
Full textAbstract:
An earthquake with the destructive magnitude of 6.9 on the Richter scale struck Armenia on Wednesday, 7 December 1988 at 1142 local time. It devastated an area 80 km in diameter in the northern part of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR), encompassed the towns of Leninakan, Spitak, Stepanovan, and Kirovakan, and killed some 25,000 persons (Table 1). Almost 15,000 persons were rescued alive. The load placed on medical facilities and transport capabilities was profound. Many Armenian nurses and physicians died during the earthquake and most of the hospitals and clinics within the disaster area were destroyed (Tables 1,2). More than 31,000 persons required some form of medical assistance in hospitals. Some 12,000 (38%) were conveyed by some form of ambulance. Of these, 82% were received by hospitals within the Armenian SSR and 22% still were hospitalized at the beginning of the newyear. Only 13% of those who received care at a hospital died in the hospital. More than 100-thousand victims had to be transported from the scene.
17
Adler, Jacov. "Medical and Surgical Issues in the Persian Gulf War." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 12, no. 1 (1997): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00037262.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis report includes the preparations for and the medical impact of the missile attacks launched by Iraq on Israel. It includes the authorization language for the preparations, the preparations undertaken, the perceived threat to the civilian population of Israel, the operational plans activated, the attacks and the medical impact of these attacks, the number and types of casualties, the damage to property, and the initial and subsequent protection times. There occurred a total of 18 missile attacks with 40 conventional missiles launched against Israeli civilians. They resulted in an 4.4 times overall increase in the number of ambulance responses, 228 civilians injured; and two deaths. In addition, five persons died of myocardial infarction related to these attacks. Eight persons died of suffocation due to use of the gas masks.
18
Urquhart, Robin, Anik M. C. Giguere, Beverley Lawson, et al. "Rules to Identify Persons with Frailty in Administrative Health Databases." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 36, no. 4 (2017): 514–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980817000393.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThis study sought to develop frailty “identification rules” using population-based health administrative data that can be readily applied across jurisdictions for living and deceased persons. Three frailty identification rules were developed based on accepted definitions of frailty, markers of service utilization, and expert consultation, and were limited to variables within two common population-based administrative health databases: hospital discharge abstracts and physician claims data. These rules were used to identify persons with frailty from both decedent and living populations across five Canadian provinces. Participants included persons who had died and were aged 66 years or older at the time of death (British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, Quebec, and Nova Scotia) and living persons 65 years or older (British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec). Descriptive statistics were computed for persons identified using each rule. The proportion of persons identified as frail ranged from 58.2-78.1 per cent (decedents) and 5.1-14.7 per cent (living persons).
19
Sharipova, A. G., I. G. Zakirov, and A. A. Gilmanov. "Ethnic and epidemiological characteristics of HIV-infected patients died in 2009-2010 in the Republic of Tatarstan." Kazan medical journal 95, no. 3 (2014): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1529.
Full textAbstract:
Aim. The research goal was to evaluate the ethnical and epidemiological characteristics of the deceased HIV-infected patients in the Republic of Tatarstan. Methods. Causes of death among HIV-infected patients were analyzed. Depending on ethnicity they were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=276, 71.1%) - Russian nationality, group 2 (n=112, 28.9%) - Tatar nationality. Results. Mortality of HIV-infected persons of group 1 was 3.2 times higher than among patients of group 2 (18.4 and 5.6 per 100 000 respectively, p 0.001). In both groups majority of patients (79.0 and 62.5% in 1 and 2 groups) were infected through drug injections. Highest mortality rate was observed in HIV-infected males younger than 40 years who lived in urban areas and was associated with tuberculosis, lung and cardiovascular diseases. The mean disease duration after diagnosis in the 1st and 2nd groups was similar (5.2±0.3 and 5.1±0.4 years, respectively). Shorter survival period was observed in females, older than 50 years, persons infected through sexual contact and patients with comorbidities. Conclusion. In the Republic of Tatarstan mortality among HIV-infected persons of Russian nationality was higher than in a group with Tatar nationality. Disease duration of HIV-infected persons had no association with their ethnic group.
20
Bertolli, Jeanne, R. Luke Shouse, Linda Beer, et al. "Using HIV Surveillance Data to Monitor Missed Opportunities for Linkage and Engagement in HIV Medical Care." Open AIDS Journal 6, no. 1 (2012): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601206010131.
Full textAbstract:
Monitoring delayed entry to HIV medical care is needed because it signifies that opportunities to prevent HIV transmission and mitigate disease progression have been missed. A central question for population-level monitoring is whether to consider a person linked to care after receipt of one CD4 or VL test. Using HIV surveillance data, we explored two definitions for estimating the number of HIV-diagnosed persons not linked to HIV medical care. We used receipt of at least one CD4 or VL test (definition 1) and two or more CD4 or VL tests (definition 2) to define linkage to care within 12 months and within 42 months of HIV diagnosis. In five jurisdictions, persons diagnosed from 12/2006-12/2008 who had not died or moved away and who had zero, or less than two reported CD4 or VL tests by 7/31/2010 were considered not linked to care under definitions 1 and 2, respectively. Among 13,600 persons followed up for 19-42 months; 1,732 (13%) had no reported CD4 or VL tests; 2,332 persons (17%) had only one CD4 or VL test and 9,536 persons (70%) had two or more CD4 or VL tests. To summarize, after more than 19 months, 30% of persons diagnosed with HIV had less than two CD4 or VL tests; more than half of them were considered to have entered care if entering care is defined as having one CD4 or VL test. Defining linkage to care as a single CD4 or VL may overestimate entry into care, particularly for certain subgroups.
21
Aceng, Freda Loy, Alex Riolexus Ario, Phoebe Hilda Alitubeera, et al. "Cutaneous anthrax associated with handling carcasses of animals that died suddenly of unknown cause: Arua District, Uganda, January 2015–August 2017." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 8 (2021): e0009645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009645.
Full textAbstract:
Background Anthrax is a zoonotic disease that can be transmitted to humans from infected animals. During May–June 2017, three persons with probable cutaneous anthrax were reported in Arua District, Uganda; one died. All had recently handled carcasses of livestock that died suddenly and a skin lesion from a deceased person tested positive by PCR for Bacillus anthracis. During July, a bull in the same community died suddenly and the blood sample tested positive by PCR for Bacillus anthracis. The aim of this investigation was to establish the scope of the problem, identify exposures associated with illness, and recommend evidence-based control measures. Methods A probable case was defined as acute onset of a papulo-vesicular skin lesion subsequently forming an eschar in a resident of Arua District during January 2015–August 2017. A confirmed case was a probable case with a skin sample testing positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for B. anthracis. Cases were identified by medical record review and active community search. In a case-control study, exposures between case-patients and frequency- and village-matched asymptomatic controls were compared. Key animal health staff were interviewed to learn about livestock deaths. Results There were 68 case-patients (67 probable, 1 confirmed), and 2 deaths identified. Cases occurred throughout the three-year period, peaking during dry seasons. All cases occurred following sudden livestock deaths in the villages. Case-patients came from two neighboring sub-counties: Rigbo (attack rate (AR) = 21.9/10,000 population) and Rhino Camp (AR = 1.9/10,000). Males (AR = 24.9/10,000) were more affected than females (AR = 0.7/10,000). Persons aged 30–39 years (AR = 40.1/10,000 population) were most affected. Among all cases and 136 controls, skinning (ORM-H = 5.0, 95%CI: 2.3–11), butchering (ORM-H = 22, 95%CI: 5.5–89), and carrying the carcass of livestock that died suddenly (ORM-H = 6.9, 95%CI: 3.0–16) were associated with illness. Conclusions Exposure to carcasses of animals that died suddenly was a likely risk factor for cutaneous anthrax in Arua District during 2015–2017. The recommendations are investigation of anthrax burden in livestock, prevention of animal infections through vaccinations, safe disposal of the carcasses, public education on risk factors for infection and prompt treatment of illness following exposure to animals that died suddenly.
22
Nikolic, Slobodan, and Jelena Micic. "Correlation between outliving period and trauma severity in persons died from posttraumatic fat embolism." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 132, no. 5-6 (2004): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0406167n.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUCTION Posttraumatic fat embolism follows the injury. The fat emboli in circulation could cause death in three ways: isolated lung fat embolism, systemic fat embolism and fat embolism syndrome (FES). In forensic pathology, only two trauma scores, based on disintegration of anatomic structures, could be used for objectivization, comparison and establishment of severity of injuries. One of them is Injury Severity Score - ISS, based on Abbreviated Injury Scale - AIS. The second one is Hannover Polytrauma Score - HPTS, based on the total sum of all injuries and age of the injured person. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this paper were to establish the correlation between outliving period and trauma severity (based on ISS and HPTS values), in persons died from posttraumatic fat embolism and/or its complications, and to establish which of these score systems could be better for prediction of development of the posttraumatic fat embolism. METHOD The retrospective autopsy study was performed and it included the material of the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Belgrade for period 1988-2001. The autopsy reports and clinical medical data were analyzed, for persons died from posttraumatic fat embolism and/or its complications. In all cases, the fat embolism was the single cause of death, verified by autopsy. In each case, ISS and HPTS values were obtained. The sample was statistically prepared (x2 test, correlation coefficient, regression line). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The sample included 50 persons: 41 males and 9 females. The proportion of men was statistically significant (x2=20.480; p<0.001). Average age of male was 55.26 years (SD=21.39) and of female was 55.78 (SD=17.45). There was no statistically significant disproportion among the age distribution of the sample (x2=6-4; p>0.05).The outliving period varied from 1-14 days: the average was 5.92 (SD=3.39; Med. 5.50; Mod. 2). The average value of ISS was 19 (SD=7.70; Med. 19; Mod. 14), and for HPTS average value was 28.16 (SD=12.87; Med. 26.50; Mod. 12). In literature, there have been data about critical ISS value: 12-20. HPTS value of 20 to 35 was lethal in 25%. Each injured of our sample had, at least, one long bone or pelvic fracture. There was negligible negative correlation between outliving period and ISS and HPTS values in our sample: coefficient of linear correlation r=-0.117, t=0.83 and r=-0.088, t=0.59. Our sample was representative (t=8.37). These data pointed out that the outliving period of the observed patients, died from posttraumatic fat embolism, was not in relation to general severity of injuries but to fat embolism per se and its consequences. There was low positive correlation between ISS and HPTS values: r=0.296, t=2.147, coefficient of determination r2=0.0876 and linear regression HPTS=18.7588+0.4948 ISS. These data indicated that direct correlation between scores was only about 9% and the rest of correlation i.e. 91% depended on other factors. CONCLUSION There was negative negligible correlation between outliving period and severity of injury based on ISS and HPTS, in patients died from posttraumatic fat embolism. So, these score systems are useless for prediction of duration of the outliving period in the injured died from fat embolism as well as for prediction of posttraumatic fat embolism as cause of death.
23
Guldin, Mai-Britt, Jiong Li, Henrik Søndergaard Pedersen, et al. "Incidence of Suicide Among Persons Who Had a Parent Who Died During Their Childhood." JAMA Psychiatry 72, no. 12 (2015): 1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.2094.
Full text
24
Jeon, Munhee, Jongsung Oh, Kyu Yun Jang, and Ki-Yeob Jeon. "A Pilot Study: Metal-Induced Immunotoxicity and Deaths of the 100 Vaccinees in the Republic of Korea for 2 Months of 2020 Flu Vaccination." American Journal of Epidemiology & Public Health 5, no. 1 (2021): 014–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/ajeph.id43.
Full textAbstract:
Summary: More than 100 persons died within 7 days of infl uenza vaccination by November 2020 (for two months of 2020 fl u vaccination) in the Republic of Korea (South Korea). The current study was conducted to allocate properly any possible causality by examining the presence of heavy metals in a vaccine and metal-induced immunotoxic lesions after fl u vaccinations in the experimental mice. It detected cadmium 0.12 ppb (parts per billion = μg/L) and mercury 1.77 ppb in one of the cost-free infl uenza vaccinees (Lot Number: A14720017) distributed by the Korean government. Lungs of the undiluted-vaccine-injected mice showed signifi cantly more diff use infl ammatory damages than lungs of the 1:4 dilutedvaccine-injected mice which showed no to mild infl ammatory changes (p < 0.027 by the method 1, and p < 0.001 by the method 2). Based on this study, it can be presumed that the metals-induced immunotoxicity of type IV hypersensitivity or of psuedoallergy would have caused death in some of persons who coincidentally died within 7 days of vaccinations. Background : A 17-year-old man died within three days of infl uenza vaccination (Lot Number: A14720007), a 77-year-old woman died within a day (Lot Number: A14720016), and more than 100 persons died within 7 days of infl uenza vaccination by November 2020 (for two months of 2020 fl u vaccination) in the Republic of Korea (South Korea). Singapore authorities halted two of the seven brands of fl u vaccinees even though there was no report of death after fl u vaccinations in Singapore. This raises a possibility that there can be a diff erence between the excipients of the fl u vaccinees used in Singapore and in Korea. Our assumptions were that there would have been immunotoxic metals in the fl u vaccinees, the metals would have induced type IV hypersensitivity or Complement Activation-Related Psuedoallergy (CARPA), and would have caused some deaths of 100 persons who incidentally died within 7 days after fl u vaccinations. Methods: In this study, we analyzed twice for the presence of any metal components of aluminum, indium, cadmium, gallium, and mercury in the infl uenza vaccine. Analysis of the metal contents of the 1:29 diluted fl u vaccine was assessed by the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. Simultaneously, total 10 BALB/c mice were used to analyze any pathological changes after 7 days of fl u vaccination. Animals were divided into two groups: one group of 5 mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 ml of 1:4 diluted fl u vaccine with injectable distilled water; and the other group of 5 mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 ml of undiluted fl u vaccine. They were freely reared for 7 days in a Polycarbonate cage (400 x 255 x 180 mm). The mice were sacrifi ced after CO2 short-acting gas anesthesia. Brains, hearts, lungs, livers, and kidneys were harvested, prepared with H & E stain, and observed for any histopathological changes. Findings : In one of the cost-free infl uenza vaccinees (Lot Number: A14720017), which were distributed by the Korean Government, the current study detected cadmium 0.12 ppb (parts per billion = μg/L), and mercury 1.77 ppb. But neither aluminum, gallium, nor indium was detected. Both experimental groups showed no demonstrable infl ammatory changes in the specimens of brains, hearts, livers, and kidneys. However, lungs of the undiluted-vaccine-injected group showed signifi cantly more diff use damages than lungs of the 1:4 diluted-vaccine-injected group which showed no to mild infl ammatory changes. The semiquantitative scores of the diluted-vaccine-injected group and the undiluted-vaccine-injected group were 0.7 ± 0.3 and 1.9 ± 0.3, respectively by method one ([a street-view], mean ± SE, p = 0.027 <0.05); and 9.0 ± 1.1 and 18.6 ± 1.6, respectively by method two ([a sky-view], mean ± SE, p < 0.001). Interpretation: Mercury (1.77 ppb) and cadmium (0.12 ppb) were found in the freely distributed infl uenza vaccine by the Korean Government for the season of 2020-2021. Infl ammatory damages in the lungs of experimental mice, which occurred within 7 days after infl uenza vaccination, could be caused by metal-induced type IV hypersensitivity ( delayed-type, T-cell-mediated hypersensitivity) or metal nanoparticle-induced CARPA. In application, metal-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity or metal nanoparticle-induced CARPA could explain some deaths of the 100 persons who unintentionally died within 7 days of infl uenza vaccination by the November 2020 and of the 1,531 persons who coincidentally died within 7 days after Infl uenza vaccination from the fall of 2019 to the spring of 2020 in South Korea, and of the persons who fortuitously died within one week after infl uenza vaccinations in the United States-23.2persons/100,000 vaccinees of an age of over 75 and 11.3 persons/100,000 vaccinees of an age between 65 and 75. The results may be helpful for the causal identifi cation of some deaths of COVID-19 vaccinees.
25
Wildeman, Christopher, Alyssa W. Goldman, and Emily A. Wang. "Age-Standardized Mortality of Persons on Probation, in Jail, or in State Prison and the General Population, 2001-2012." Public Health Reports 134, no. 6 (2019): 660–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354919879732.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: The number of adults in the United States being held on probation—persons convicted of crimes and serving their sentence in the community rather than in a correctional facility—approached 4 million at the end of 2016 and continues to grow, yet little is known about the health and well-being of this population. We compared the standardized mortality ratios of persons on probation in the United States with persons in jail, persons in state prison, and the general US population. Methods: We used administrative data from 2001-2012 from the Bureau of Justice Statistics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER database and indirect standardization techniques to compare the mortality rates of persons on probation in 15 states with the mortality rates of persons in jail, persons in state prison, and the general US population. We applied the age-specific mortality rates of 3 populations (general US population, persons in jail, and persons in state prison) to the age distribution of persons on probation to estimate standardized mortality ratios. Results: Persons on probation died at a rate 3.42 times higher than persons in jail, 2.81 times higher than persons in state prison, and 2.10 times higher than the general US population, after standardizing the age distribution of persons on probation relative to the other 3 groups. Conclusions: Public health interventions should target persons on probation, who have received less attention from the public health community than persons serving sentences in jails and prisons.
26
Hall, Barry L., and Hedie L. Epp. "Can Professionals and Nonprofessionals Work Together Following a Suicide?" Crisis 22, no. 2 (2001): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0227-5910.22.2.74.
Full textAbstract:
Summary: Suicide is the taking of one's own life by one's own hand. It is often sudden and creates many emotional reactions for the survivors left behind. Survivor responses can be impacted by a range of circumstances, from how the person died to the reactions of people to the survivor. This contribution examines the uniqueness of survivor grief and how best to help survivors. It is suggested that their grief may be too quickly viewed as pathological, resulting in the premature medicalization of basically normal reactions. It is time for professionals and nonprofessionals to recognize boundaries and work toward mutual goals of health for those persons left behind after a suicide.
27
Chkhartishvili, Nikoloz, Natalia Bolokadze, Nino Rukhadze, et al. "Impact of hepatitis C virus antibody positivity on mortality and causes of death in people living with HIV in Georgia." International Journal of STD & AIDS 30, no. 12 (2019): 1185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462419866055.
Full textAbstract:
Hepatitis C co-infection in people living with HIV (PLWH) is common in Georgia. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is widely available in the country since 2004, and from 2011, patients have unlimited access to hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. A retrospective nationwide cohort study included adult PLWH diagnosed between 2004–2016, who were followed up until 31 December 2017. Predictors of mortality were assessed in Cox proportional hazards regression model. A total of 4560 persons contributed 22,322 person-years (PY) of follow-up, including 2058 (45.1%, 10,676 PY) anti-HCV+ patients. After the median 4.1 years of follow-up, 954 persons died, including 615 anti-HCV+ patients. Persons with HCV had higher overall mortality compared to HIV monoinfection (5.76/100 PY vs. 2.91/100 PY, p < 0.0001). In multivariable analysis, anti-HCV positivity was significantly associated with mortality (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.09–1.85). Among anti-HCV+ persons, liver-related mortality due to viral hepatitis before the availability of HCV therapy (2004–2011) was 2.11 cases per 100 PY and this decreased to 0.79 cases per 100 PY after 2011 (p < 0.0001). AIDS remained the leading cause of death prior to and after 2011. Wide availability of ART and anti-HCV therapy translated into a significant decline in mortality including due to liver-related causes. Improving earlier diagnosis will decrease excess AIDS-related mortality among people living with HIV/HCV co-infection.
28
Wortham, Jonathan M., James T. Lee, Sandy Althomsons, et al. "Characteristics of Persons Who Died with COVID-19 — United States, February 12–May 18, 2020." MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 69, no. 28 (2020): 923–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6928e1.
Full text
29
Bardon, Cécile, Louis-Philippe Coté, and Brian L. Mishara. "Cluster Analysis of Characteristics of Persons Who Died by Suicide in the Montreal Metro Transit." Crisis 37, no. 5 (2016): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000398.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Background: Suicides occur in metro systems worldwide and patterns vary in different urban transit networks. Aims: This study presents an in-depth analysis of 117 suicides in the Montreal Metro from 2000 to 2008 based on data obtained from coroners' investigations. Method: Cluster analyses were performed to identify characteristics of groups of people who kill themselves in the Montreal Metro. We also compared changes in characteristics with data from 1986 to 1995. Results: We identified five clusters of suicidal persons that describe patterns of characteristics of individuals who died by suicide in the metro that may be useful for prevention. Comparisons of suicides during 2000–2008 with data from a previous study of coroners' investigations of Montreal Metro suicides during 1986–1995 indicate changes in age, isolation, types of problems, and geographic patterns. Conclusion: Characteristics of metro suicides may be specific to localities and can change over time. Their understanding may facilitate the development of prevention strategies tailored to these different profiles.
30
Beinker, Nele K., Douglas L. Mayers, Christoph G. Lange, et al. "Genotypic Drug Resistance and Cause of Death in HIV-Infected Persons Who Died in 1999." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 28, no. 3 (2001): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00126334-200111010-00007.
Full text
31
Beinker, Nele K., Douglas L. Mayers, Christoph G. Lange, et al. "Genotypic Drug Resistance and Cause of Death in HIV-Infected Persons Who Died in 1999." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 28, no. 3 (2001): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042560-200111010-00007.
Full text
32
Björnhagen, Viveka, Torbjörn Messner, and Helge Brändström. "KAMEDO Report No. 82 Explosion at the Fireworks Warehouse in the Netherlands in 2000." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 21, no. 2 (2006): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00003502.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractA fire and subsequent explosions occurred in a fireworks warehouse on 13 May 2000. A total of 947 persons were injured and 21 persons died, including four firefighters and one reporter. Communication networks became overloaded and impaired notification chains. The hospital disaster plan was followed, but was proved inadequate. Public information was a high priority. A counselling center was established early and was planned to continue operation for five years. The command function did not perform to expectations. Hospital triage was impaired as many responsible left the triage area. Short-term psychosocial support evolved to long-term programs. Liability issues were examined.
33
Macek, Vasilija, Azzeddine Dakhama, James C. Hogg, Francis HY Green, Bruce K. Rubin, and Richard G. Hegele. "PCR Detection of Viral Nucleic Acid in Fatal Asthma: Is the Lower Respiratory Tract a Reservoir for Common Viruses?" Canadian Respiratory Journal 6, no. 1 (1999): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/938049.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: There is indirect evidence implicating viral respiratory tract infections in the pathogenesis of fatal asthma. However, it is unknown whether viruses are present within the lower respiratory tract in fatal asthma.OBJECTIVES: To apply a nine-virus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panel to postmortem specimens of lower airway secretions and compare the prevalence of viral nucleic acid among patients who died of asthma, asthmatic patients who died of other causes and persons who died without lung disease.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Postmortem specimens of lower airway secretions from patients who died of asthma (fatal asthma [n=10]), asthmatic patients who died of other causes (n=4) and nonasthma controls (n=6) underwent PCR for nine common respiratory viruses. The prevalence of each virus was compared among the three groups.RESULTS: PCR was positive for at least one virus in 19 of 20 cases, and multiple viruses were detected in 14 of 20 cases. The prevalence of each virus was similar in the three groups studied.CONCLUSIONS: In fatal asthma, lower airway secretions do not show a specific pattern of viral nucleic acid. Intriguingly, these results suggest that the lower respiratory tract may act as a potential reservoir for common respiratory viruses.
34
Adih, William K., H. Irene Hall, Richard M. Selik, and Xiuchan Guo. "HIV Care and Viral Suppression During the Last Year of Life: A Comparison of HIV-Infected Persons Who Died of HIV-Attributable Causes With Persons Who Died of Other Causes in 2012 in 13 US Jurisdictions." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 3, no. 1 (2017): e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/publichealth.6206.
Full text
35
Gogiya, M. О. "Analysis of causes and risk factors of lethality of ingured persons with abdominal trauma." PROBLEMS OF UNINTERRUPTED MEDICAL TRAINING AND SCIENCE 42, no. 2 (2021): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31071/promedosvity2021.02.064.
Full textAbstract:
The study was carried out on the basis of the polytrauma department of the KNP “Municipal Clinical Emergency and Critical Care Hospital named after O. I. Meshchaninov” of Kharkiv City Council. O. I. Meshchaninov” of the Kharkiv City Council. The initial data, results of treatment of 240 victims and their dependence on peculiarities of trauma and peculiarities of victims with abdominal trauma were analysed. Patients with concomitant abdominal trauma predominated in the structure of the injured — 178 (74,2 %), including concomitant injuries of one anatomofunctional area (AFA) in 80 (33,3 %), two AFA– in 67 (27,9 %), and three AFA– in 31 (12,9 %) patients. Isolated abdominal trauma was diagnosed — in 62 (25.9 %) patients. In addition to abdominal injuries, the majority of patients had injuries of other localisations: thoracic trauma — in 129 (53.8 %) patients, skeletal trauma was found — in 96 (40 %) patients, craniocerebral trauma — in 84 (35 %) patients. During in-hospital treatment, 34 (14.2 %) victims died. In the acute period of trauma (1–7 days) 12 (35 %) victims died, including 5 cases within the first day. Lethality was found to increase with the number of injured ASOs, from 4.8 % for isolated abdominal trauma to 41.9 % for additional trauma, thoracic and skeletal trauma (χ2 = 27, 791, p < 0.001), and an increase in injury severity from 7.7 % to 6.7 % for mild to moderately severe trauma to 58.8 % for extremely severe trauma (χ2 = 34.342, p < 0.001) as well as the severity of individual injuries. An increase in lethality was also found with increasing age of the victims and in the presence of increased weight and obesity.
36
Gasimov, Kamal. "Между Kulturkampf и Politikkampf: вспоминая двух покойных мусульманских интеллектуалов". Islamology 7, № 1 (2017): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.24848/islmlg.07.1.13.
Full textAbstract:
In March, 2016, two symbolic figures of the modern Islamic thought died – Taha Jabir Al-Alwani (b.2016) and Hassan At-Turabi (b.1932). They were two very different persons, theologians and thinkers, which embodied a whole epoch in the history of the modern Islamic ideological and socio-political movements. There is something mystic in that they passed away almost simultaneously.
37
Ribe, A. R., T. M. Laursen, A. Sandbaek, M. Charles, M. Nordentoft, and M. Vestergaard. "Long-term mortality of persons with severe mental illness and diabetes: a population-based cohort study in Denmark." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 14 (2014): 3097–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714000634.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundPersons with severe mental illness (SMI) have excess mortality, which may partly be explained by their high prevalence of diabetes.MethodWe compared the overall and cause-specific mortality in persons with SMI and diabetes with that of the general Danish population between 1997 and 2009 by linking data from Danish national registries.ResultsThe cohort counted 4 734 703 persons, and during follow-up 651 080 persons died of whom 1083 persons had SMI and diabetes. Compared with the background population, the overall mortality rate ratios (MRRs) for persons with SMI and diabetes were 4.14 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.81–4.51] for men and 3.13 (95% CI 2.88–3.40) for women. The cause-specific MRRs for persons with SMI and diabetes were lowest for malignant neoplasms (women: MRR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.64–2.39; men: MRR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.69–2.56) and highest for unnatural causes of death (women: MRR = 12.31, 95% CI 6.80–22.28; men: MRR = 7.89, 95% CI 5.51–11.29). The cumulative risks of death within 7 years of diabetes diagnosis for persons with SMI and diabetes were 15.0% (95% CI 12.4–17.6%) for those younger than 50 years, 30.7% (95% CI 27.8–33.4%) for those aged 50–69 years, and 63.8% (95% CI 58.9–68.2%) for those aged 70 years or older. Among persons suffering from both diseases, 33.4% of natural deaths were attributed to diabetes and 14% of natural deaths were attributed to the interaction between diabetes and SMI.ConclusionsLong-term mortality is high for persons with SMI and diabetes. This calls for effective intervention from a coordinated and collaborating healthcare system.
38
Werbeloff, Nomi, Bruce P. Dohrenwend, Itzhak Levav, et al. "Demographic, Behavioral, and Psychiatric Risk Factors for Suicide." Crisis 37, no. 2 (2016): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000359.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Background: There have been very few prospective studies of death by suicide in the general population. Rather, studies of suicide have generally used psychological autopsies, a method that has the potential weakness of recall bias. Aims: To examine correlates of death by suicide among a community-based nonclinical sample prospectively assessed years before death by suicide. Method: We analyzed data from an epidemiological study of a 10-year birth cohort (n = 4,914) conducted in Israel in the 1980s, with follow-up mortality data over 25 years. Results: Eight participants died by suicide during follow-up (6/100,000 per year; mean follow-up to suicide = 18.3 ± 2.0 years), the majority of whom were rated as functioning relatively well at baseline. Male sex, psychiatric hospitalizations, major depressive disorder, and previous suicide attempts were associated with later suicide. Conclusion: In this nonclinical sample of persons assessed between ages 25 and 34, several correlates of suicide were identified, but the majority of persons who died by suicide were relatively high functioning at baseline. Major precursors of suicide may be more proximal factors of acute or chronic negative changes in life circumstances.
39
Jost, Timothy S. "Public Financing of Pain Management: Leaky Umbrellas and Ragged Safety Nets." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 26, no. 4 (1998): 290–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1998.tb01677.x.
Full textAbstract:
The United States, unlike all other industrialized nations, does not have a comprehensive public system for financing health care. Nevertheless, the magnitude of America's public health care financing effort is remarkable. Of the one trillion dollars the United States spent on health care in 1996, almost half, $483.1 billion, was spent by public programs. In 1995, Medicare—our social insurance program for persons over sixty-five and the long-term disabled—overed 37.5 million Americans; Medicaid—our program for indigent elderly and disabled persons and indigent children and their families—covered 36.3 million. In 1996, Medicare and Medicaid spent $203.1 and $147.7 billion, respectively. The payment policies of these massive public health care programs have a profound effect on the provision of health care.Many of the recipients of Medicare and Medicaid suffer pain. In 1994, 376,200 Americans over age sixty-five died of cancer. Virtually all of these would have been Medicare recipients, and as many as 70 percent of them died in unrelieved pain. Nearly four million Americans over sixty-five endured the pain of inpatient surgery in 1995, again nearly all of whom were Medicare recipients.
40
Collins, D., H. Lam, H. Firdaus, J. Antipolo, and P. Mangao. "Modeling the likely economic cost of non-adherence to TB medicines in the Philippines." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 24, no. 9 (2020): 902–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.19.0652.
Full textAbstract:
SETTING: The Philippines has a population of over 90 million people and is one of the 22 highest TB burden countries in the world.OBJECTIVE: To understand the economic cost of non-adherence to TB medicines due to loss to follow up and stock-outs in the Philippines.DESIGN: Data were collected on the economic costs of non-adherence to TB medicines and a model was developed to show those costs under different scenarios.RESULTS: The model showed that as many as 1958 and 233 persons are likely to have died as a result of DS-TB and MDR-TB loss to follow up, respectively, and 588 persons are likely to have died as a result of TB medicine stock outs. The related economic impact in each case is likely have been to be as much as US$72.2 million, US$13.4 million and US$21.0 million, respectively.CONCLUSION: The economic costs of non-adherence to TB medicines due to loss to follow-up and stock-outs represent a significant economic burden for the country and it is likely that the cost of addressing these problems would be much less than this burden and, therefore, a wise investment.
41
Savla, Jyoti, Zhe Wang, Jiafeng Zhu, Nancy Brossoie, Karen A. Roberto, and Rosemary Blieszner. "Mastery and Longevity in Spousal Caregivers of Persons with Dementia." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 7 (2019): 1558–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz028.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objective Researchers have consistently shown that providing care in a gradually deteriorating situation, such as dementia, can be stressful and detrimental to the caregiver’s (CG) health. Although stressor appraisal is important in understanding variability in CG outcomes, the role of personal mastery, a coping resource, in shaping CG’s health outcomes has not been considered. The primary goal of this paper was to determine whether personal mastery is associated with a survival advantage for spousal CGs of persons with dementia. Methods This study assessed the association of CG burden and personal mastery with longevity over a 10-year period in 71 spousal CGs of persons initially diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment. Results Over the 10 years, 16 of 71 CGs (23%) died. Cox regression models with right censoring of CGs’ time to death showed that after adjusting for the health of family CG, spousal CGs who reported high levels of burden had an 83% reduced risk of death when they also reported high personal mastery (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04, 0.65). Conclusions Findings have implications for support programs that help build personal mastery.
42
Angelo, Mark, and Daniel Simon Lefler. "Applied ethics in health care administration: A case study of organ donation in an unidentified person." Journal of Hospital Administration 5, no. 4 (2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v5n4p44.
Full textAbstract:
Ethical leadership in health care helps to guide the administrator through difficult decisions, upholding the policy of the institution while putting patient care first. This case study presents an ethical dilemma encountered by the administrator regarding organ procurement in an unidentified person who dies within the hospital. The purpose of this report is to provide a comprehensive literature and concept review of the bioethical considerations of organ donation in an unidentified person, to review the current status of the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act (UAGA), and to provide a review of presumed versus informed consent. These are all aspects that shape ethical decision-making for the health care administrator. Forty-eight states have adopted UAGA legislation governing regulations regarding organ donation. In states where the legislation has been enacted, the authority to consent for organ donation is granted to the custodian of the body. In the case of persons who are unidentified, individual state regulations often grant custodianship to the hospital in which the patient died. Health care administrators may be called upon to consent for hospital procedures in cases of diminished capacity and the absence of a substitute decision maker. The health care administrator needs to be well-informed about the ethical framework for decision making in order to opine regarding organ procurement based on patient autonomy and uphold the current laws and hospital policy with beneficence and integrity.
43
HARVEY, R. R., K. E. HEIMAN MARSHALL, L. BURNWORTH, et al. "International outbreak of multiple Salmonella serotype infections linked to sprouted chia seed powder – USA and Canada, 2013–2014." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 8 (2017): 1535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817000504.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYSalmonella is a leading cause of bacterial foodborne illness. We report the collaborative investigative efforts of US and Canadian public health officials during the 2013–2014 international outbreak of multiple Salmonella serotype infections linked to sprouted chia seed powder. The investigation included open-ended interviews of ill persons, traceback, product testing, facility inspections, and trace forward. Ninety-four persons infected with outbreak strains from 16 states and four provinces were identified; 21% were hospitalized and none died. Fifty-four (96%) of 56 persons who consumed chia seed powder, reported 13 different brands that traced back to a single Canadian firm, distributed by four US and eight Canadian companies. Laboratory testing yielded outbreak strains from leftover and intact product. Contaminated product was recalled. Although chia seed powder is a novel outbreak vehicle, sprouted seeds are recognized as an important cause of foodborne illness; firms should follow available guidance to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination during sprouting.
44
Huang, Glen, Erin Barnes, and James Peacock. "1021. Repeat Infective Endocarditis (rIE) in Persons Who Inject Drugs (PWID)." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (2018): S304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.858.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Injection drug use (IDU) is a major risk factor for infective endocarditis (IE). Rates of IE have recently increased in the US concurrent with the opioid crisis. Although IDU-related IE is well described, few data exist on repeat IE (rIE) in persons who inject drugs (PWID). Methods Patients ≥18 years old seen at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center from 2004–2017 with an ICD-9 or -10 diagnosis of IE who met Duke criteria for IE and who self-reported IDU in the 3 months prior to admission were identified. The subset of PWID who developed rIE, defined as another episode of IE at least 10 weeks after the diagnosis of the first episode, was then reviewed. Results Of the 94 PWID with IE, 22 (23.4%) experienced rIE (19 re-infections, three relapses). All patients were Caucasian, 50% were male, and 68.2% lived in rural areas; the median age was 30. All 22 patients resumed IDU after their first episode of IE. The mean duration from completion of antibiotics for the prior IE episode to admission with rIE was 257.5 days; the episode of rIE occurred within 1 year in 17 patients (77.3%). On repeat admission, those with rIE had a Pitt bacteremia score of 3.0 and an APACHE II score of 13.1. Fever and bacteremia persisted for an average of 5.6 days and 2.6 days, respectively. S. aureus was the cause of rIE in 54.5% of patients and the tricuspid valve (TV) was involved in 77.3% of cases. Valve surgery occurred in 22.7% of patients. Mean length of stay was 25.3 days and mean duration of antibiotic therapy was 32.1 days. Seven patients (31.8%) died during the rIE hospitalization and another died within 12 months after discharge resulting in a 1-year mortality of 36.3%. Compared with their first episode of IE, rIE patients had higher admission Pitt bacteremia (3.0 vs. 1.5, P = 0.07) and APACHE II scores (13.1 vs. 9.5, P = 0.18), fewer S. aureus infections (54.5% vs. 95.4%, P = 0.01), similar TV involvement (77.3% vs. 72.7%, P = 1), and less frequent surgery (22.7% vs. 59.1%, P = 0.06). Conclusion rIE is common in PWID with most episodes occurring within 1 year of the initial episode. Reinfection is more frequent than relapse. The microbiology of rIE is more varied than first episode IE in PWID with S. aureus being less frequently isolated. Illness severity is high, hospitalizations are prolonged, and 1-year mortality is significant. More effective strategies for preventing rIE in PWID are needed. Disclosures J. Peacock, Pfizer: Shareholder, Owns common stock in Pfizer which was inherited and held in a trust.
45
Miller, Cari L., Keith J. Chan, Anita Palepu, et al. "Socio-Demographic Profile and Hiv and Hepatitis C Prevalence Among Persons Who Died of a Drug Overdose." Addiction Research & Theory 9, no. 5 (2001): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/16066350109141764.
Full text
46
Gold, Jeremy A. W., Lauren M. Rossen, Farida B. Ahmad, et al. "Race, Ethnicity, and Age Trends in Persons Who Died from COVID-19 — United States, May–August 2020." MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 69, no. 42 (2020): 1517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6942e1.
Full text
47
Kelly, Deanna L., Joo-Cheol Shim, Stephanie M. Feldman, Yang Yu, and Robert R. Conley. "Lifetime psychiatric symptoms in persons with schizophrenia who died by suicide compared to other means of death." Journal of Psychiatric Research 38, no. 5 (2004): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.02.001.
Full text
48
Jordan, Joshua T., and Dale E. McNiel. "Characteristics of persons who die on their first suicide attempt: results from the National Violent Death Reporting System." Psychological Medicine 50, no. 8 (2019): 1390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719001375.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractBackgroundMuch of suicide research focuses on suicide attempt (SA) survivors. Given that more than half of the suicide decedent population dies on their first attempt, this means a significant proportion of the population that dies by suicide is overlooked in research. Little is known about persons who die by suicide on their first attempt–and characterizing this understudied population may improve efforts to identify more individuals at risk for suicide.MethodsData were derived from the National Violent Death Reporting System, from 2005 to 2013. Suicide cases were included if they were 18–89 years old, with a known circumstance leading to their death based on law enforcement and/or medical examiner reports. Decedents with and without a history of SA were compared on demographic, clinical, and suicide characteristics, and circumstances that contributed to their suicide.ResultsA total of 73 490 cases met criteria, and 57 920 (79%) died on their first SA. First attempt decedents were more likely to be male, married, African-American, and over 64. Demographic-adjusted models showed that first attempt decedents were more likely to use highly lethal methods, less likely to have a known mental health problem or to have disclosed their intent to others, and more likely to die in the context of physical health or criminal/legal problem.ConclusionsFirst attempt suicide decedents are demographically different from decedents with a history of SA, are more likely to use lethal methods and are more likely to die in the context of specific stressful life circumstances.
49
Brønnum-Hansen, Henrik, Thomas Hansen, Nils Koch-Henriksen, and Egon Stenager. "Fatal accidents among Danes with multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 12, no. 3 (2006): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/135248506ms1280oa.
Full textAbstract:
We compared the rate of fatal accidents among Danes with multiple sclerosis (MS) with that of the general population. The study was based on linkage of the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry to the Cause of Death Registry and covered all 10 174 persons in whom MS was diagnosed during the period 1953-1996. The end of follow-up was 1 January 1999. We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for various types of fatal accidents. A total of 76 persons (48 men and 28 women) died from accidents, whereas the expected number of fatalities from such causes was 55.7 (31.4 men and 24.3 women). Thus, the risk for death from accidents among persons with MS was 37% higher than that of the general population (SMR=1.37). We found no significant excess risk for fatal road accidents (SMR=0.80). The risk for falls was elevated (SMR=1.29) but not statistically significantly so. The risks were particularly high for deaths from burns (SMR=8.90) and suffocation (SMR=5.57). We conclude that persons with MS are more prone to fatal accidents than the general population. The excess risk is due not to traffic accidents but to burns and suffocation.
50
Hotterbeekx, An, Melissa Krizia Vieri, Melanie Ramberger, et al. "No Evidence for the Involvement of Leiomodin-1 Antibodies in the Pathogenesis of Onchocerciasis-Associated Epilepsy." Pathogens 10, no. 7 (2021): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070845.
Full textAbstract:
Nodding syndrome has been suggested to be triggered by neurotoxic leiomodin-1 auto-antibodies cross-reacting with Onchocerca volvulus. Here, we screened serum and CSF samples of persons with nodding syndrome and other forms of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE) and African and European controls for leiomodin-1 antibodies by a cell-based assay (CBA) and Western blot (WB). These samples were also investigated for the presence of auto-antibodies cross-reacting with rat brain tissue by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Additionally, IHC was used to detect the leiomodin-1 protein in post-mortem brain samples of persons with OAE who died. Leiomodin-1 antibodies were detected by CBA in 6/52 (12%) and by WB in 23/54 (43%) persons with OAE compared to in 14/61 (23%) (p = 0.113) and 23/54 (43%) (p = 0.479) of controls without epilepsy. Multivariable exact logistic regression did not show an association between O. volvulus infection or epilepsy status and the presence of leiomodin-1. Leiomodin-1 antibodies were not detected in 12 CSF samples from persons with OAE or in 16 CSF samples from persons with acute-onset neurological conditions, as well as not being detected in serum from European controls. Moreover, the leiomodin-1 protein was only detected in capillary walls in post-mortem brain tissues and not in brain cells. IHC on rat brain slides with serum samples from persons with OAE or controls from persons with or without O. volvulus infection revealed no specific staining pattern. In conclusion, our data do not support OAE to be an autoimmune disorder caused by leiomodin-1 antibodies.