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Academic literature on the topic 'Perte de conscience – Aspect physiologique'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Perte de conscience – Aspect physiologique"
Kroeger, Daniel. "Brain activity patterns in deep anesthesia." Doctoral thesis, Québec : Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25863/25863.pdf.
Full textBailly, Béatrice. "Conscience de la situation des conducteurs : aspects fondamentaux, méthodes et applications pour la formation des conducteurs." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/bailly_b.
Full textThis study joints the theory of Situation Awareness and its application to the driver's activity. After having describe the fundamental aspects of the theory of the Situation Awareness (chapter 1), we will present the Soviet work of years 1940 at the years 1970 (chapter 2) in the field of the study operators' activity. This thrown bridge will enable us to make bring the theory closer to the situation awareness with more traditional work of cognitive psychology: the field of the mental representation. Lastly, we will focus ourselves on the application of these concepts in the field of driver's cognitive activity more particularly three points: driving experience, cognitive resources available and aging drivers (chapter 3). Then we will present our own experimental protocol, OSCAR, methodologie developped to analyze driver's mental representations according to various sources of variations (chapter 4). After a detailed presentation of the results obtained by OSCAR, we will list the assets and the limits of this protocol, bases to work out one second version, ICARE (chapter 5). Once the comparison of the data collected by our two tools, we will endeavour to show in what ICARE allows to study the mental representations of the drivers in a new way. That will enable us to consider ICARE's potential on the one hand for scientific research and in additionn to drivers' training (chapter 6 and 7)
Couture, Mathieu. "Contribution des propriétés de l'effet de répétition de Hebb à la compréhension de la mémoire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25505/25505.pdf.
Full textPakulanon, Sasima. "Evaluation of two mind and body methods’ effects on stress reactivity, alexithymia, and their consequences." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS593.
Full textThe thesis aims to investigate the effects of two techniques of emotional reglulation, mindfulness meditation and yoga, on stress reactivity, alexithymia, and its relevant variables. Forty-four healthy particiants were ramdomly allocated into 3 groups; mindfulness meditation, yoga and control. The results showed that the 8-weeks of mindfulness meditation (one session/week with an instructor and two sessions as home-practice) significantly improved mindfulness skill and concentration. While, the 8-weeks of yoga significantly ameliorated heart rate variability, (increased HF(n.u.), decreased LF(n.u.) and LF/HF). However, there was no significant interaction effect of group x time for stress hormones. Furthermore, there was no significant interaction effect of group x time for alexithymia. We add a qualitative analysis to better understand the process behind the changes following theinterventions. It indicated that the mindfulness meditation seemed to be the most effective intervention for alexithymia. Individual differences such as personality, attitudes and confidence on the effectiveness of intervention as well as the level of physical activity should be taken into account in the choice of the most appropriate intervention for a specific profile. Despite the study limitations due to the small subjects number in the different groups, it appears that mindfulness meditation and yoga seem to be an effective intervention for stress management, and mindfulness meditation would be suggested for alexithymia
Faugeras, Frédéric. "Recherche de signes de conscience chez des malades non communicants : une approche clinique et électrophysiologique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066323/document.
Full textUnderstanding the neurophysiological mechanisms and neural bases of consciousness is a major scientific and medical challenge. To do this, one has to distinguish neural mechanisms of conscious state from those subserving conscious access to a given mental state (that is awareness). Experimental data having contrasted conscious / non conscious state (coma, sleep, sedation) on the one hand, and conscious/ unconscious processing of a very same stimulus on the other hand are in favour of the implication of a network of lateral and medial frontal and parietal areas in both conscious state and conscious access. The comparison of conscious/ non conscious state is unfortunately limited by arousal difference between these two states. So, we endeavoured to overcome this problem by exploring two categories of patients with a same level of arousal but a different state of awareness: unaware awaked patients (vegetative state) versus awaked and minimally conscious patients (minimally conscious state). Our results obtained by using high-density auditory event related potentials argue in favour of the implication of the very same network of frontal and parietal areas than the one described above in both conscious state and conscious access to a given information. This network activation is associated with the emergence of a P300b wave, on event related potentials, which seems to be a very specific marker of consciousness. Our work also give us the opportunity to discover a potential new marker of consciousness, namely the contingent negative variation (CNV)
Durguerian, Alexandre. "Influence d'une période de restriction alimentaire sur les marqueurs salivaires du stress, les paramètres psychologiques et la performance chez des haltérophiles de haut niveau." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS025/document.
Full textRestricting dietary intake is a widespread method for losing weight in weight categories sports. Reduction of calorie intake results in an activation of the physiological stress systems, both at central and peripheral levels, aiming at preserving energy homeostasis. Nevertheless, the influence on physiological, psychological and physical parameters remains controversial and do not allows to clearly defining a negative impact of dietary restriction on health and performance level. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a dietary restriction period on the psychophysiological indicators of stress, as well as the level of performance in high-level weightlifters. Our results showed that dietary restriction did not modify weightlifting performance level, but resulted in an alteration of the psychological parameters. The dietary restriction period resulted in a dissociation of the activity of the physiological stress systems, as well as a modification of the hormonal responses to a simulated weightlifting competition. It remains to define the long-term impacts of the alteration of psychophysiological parameters on the athlete’s health and performance capacity. It would also be interesting to evaluate the influence of dietary restriction on intestinal microbiota and the possible influence on the gut-brain axis
Strauss, Mélanie. "Etude magnéto-encéphalographique de la profondeur du traitement de l’information auditive pendant le sommeil." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB113/document.
Full textSleep can be defined as a behavioral state of rest in which consciousness of external stimuli vanishes and responsiveness to the environment is drastically reduced. When we sleep, however, we may still react and wake up to our name or to the alarm clock, suggesting that some processing of external stimuli remains. We address in the present work the question of how deeply external information is processed during sleep. We recorded brain activity in adult human subjects simultaneously in electro and magnetoencephalography (EEG and MEG) in response to auditory stimulation, before, during and after a short period of sleep. In order to test information integration through the brain hierarchy, we focused on hierarchical predictive coding capabilities, which enable the brain to anticipate the future from previous knowledge. Predictions occur at many if not all steps of the cortical hierarchy. Testing different levels of predictions enables us to assess the steps at which information integration is disrupted during sleep. We first tested the capacity of the sleeping brain to detect auditory novelty. We analyzed brain responses to violations of local and global temporal regularities, which are respectively reflected in EEG during wakefulness by two successive prediction error signals, the mismatch negativity (MMN) and the P300. Our analysis revealed that both the MMN and the P300 vanish during sleep, along with the loss of activations in prefrontal and parietal associative areas. The MMN gradually decreased in the descent to sleep, whereas the P300 vanished abruptly with the loss of awareness during N1 sleep. This all-or-none behavior strongly reinforces the hypothesis that the P300 is a marker of consciousness. Even so, we showed that sounds still activate sensory cortices, and that the brain remains able to detect new sounds and to habituate to them, but only in the limited context of sensory adaptation. Having demonstrated the disruption of predictive coding for arbitrary and newly acquired statistical regularities, in a second set of experiments we tested the capacity of the sleeping brain to develop predictions of future auditory stimuli for over-learned semantic knowledge stored in long-term memory. We presented sleeping subjects with simple arithmetic facts such as “two plus two is nine” and recorded brain responses to correct or incorrect results. We discovered that the sleeping brain was still able to detect arithmetic violations, with activations in part similar to wakefulness. We suggest that, although sleep disrupts explicit arithmetic computations, there is a preservation of prediction error signals for arithmetic facts stored in long-term memory. The present work clarifies the steps at which auditory information integration is disrupted during sleep, and which cognitive functions remain or vanish. The preservation of low-level sensory adaptation and of predictions from long term memory may account for the residual responsiveness that can be observed during sleep, while subjects are unconscious. Finally, these results also help to better understand why a given stimulus may or may not be processed during sleep. The depth of information integration is function of the ongoing spontaneous oscillations of the sleeping brain, but also of the nature of the stimulus, i.e. its salience, its knowledge, and its relevance
Raça, Ivan. "La marche nordique : une activité physique et sportive hybride au carrefour de l'aventure, de l'éveil et du nomadisme." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC248.
Full textNordic walking is a physical activity and sport (APS) roaming appeared in the 1930s in the Nordic countries. Initially dedicated to cross-country skiers during the summer season, Nordic walking gradually turned into a utility activity intended for high-altitude professionals (ie postman, doctor, etc.) and then in health activity. well-being and performance. In Nordic walking, the poles allow you to project more quickly forward and solicit the whole body. In France, the French Athletics Federation (which holds the delegation of the Ministry of Sports for Nordic Walking) counts nearly 35,000 licensed practitioners. The rise of this APS that appeared in the early 2000s in France could largely be linked to the existence of hybridization variables that would allow heterogeneous profiles of individuals to find themselves around this practice. A hybridization of Nordic walking that seems to be observable in other nature sports such as hiking, long coast or running because of sports, history and common hygienist legacies.Experimental research has been put in place to answer this problem. Firstly, field observations were made and then associated with semi-structured interviews with practitioners with different profiles and practice patterns. Then, a first questionnaire was created and distributed to the practitioners of these four roaming APS to establish profiles of practitioners including through a statistical analysis of modalities. These results made it possible to create a last questionnaire favoring the study and the analysis of the hybridizations existing between the physical practice, the perceived socialization and the perceived well-being. The latter, in the form of a longitudinal study (ie over a full season from October 2017 to June 2018), integrated five groups of practitioners with different profiles: a group of Nordic walking practitioners, a hiking group , a running group, a long-distance group and a group of individuals practicing a non-sporting group activity (eg theater, photography, card games, etc.).The results obtained from these studies demonstrate the existence of relationships between the four APS and that the presence of a historical heritage could well be at the source of the development of these sports of nature. The hybridization of Nordic walking has been analyzed by the prism of nomadism, adventure and awakening
Clairis, Nicolas. "Βases cérébrales du compromis coûts/bénéfices". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses-intra.upmc.fr/modules/resources/download/theses/2020SORUS026.pdf.
Full textEvery day we make decisions about the actions we want to perform. These decisions are based on a trade-off between the benefits we hope to obtain from performing these actions, and the costs, in terms of effort, associated with those actions. This thesis examines the neural correlates of the cost/benefit trade-off through three studies conducted in healthy participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging. In the first study, we were able to dissociate the neural correlates of the computation of the cost/benefit trade-off from the neural correlates of the variables regulating this computation. Indeed, in this study, the computation of the cost/benefit trade-off was associated with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, whereas confidence in the decision and the time spent in deliberating were associated with more dorsal parts of the medial prefrontal cortex. With our second study, we observed that, in two tasks, involving a mental or a physical effort, the performance was better explained by a Pavlovian bias than by loss aversion. In other words, as opposed to what has been shown mainly in choice tasks, individuals tended to give more weight to gains than to losses. The third study allowed us to show that, even in a simple reinforcement learning task, the brain areas linked to the exertion of a mental effort were recruited while the cost/benefit trade-off was being computed, suggesting that this task was not carried out purely automatically. All these results allow us to better characterize the brain areas involved in the cost/benefit trade-off and the conditions in which these areas are active
Books on the topic "Perte de conscience – Aspect physiologique"
Plus vaste que le ciel: Une nouvelle théorie générale du cerveau. Jacob, 2004.
Delacour, Jean. Conscience et cerveau: La nouvelle frontière des neurosciences. De Boeck université, 2001.
Katch, Frank I. Nutrition, masse corporelle et activité physique. 2nd ed. Edisem, 1985.
Libet, Benjamin. L'esprit au-delà des neurones: Une exploration de la conscience et de la liberté. Éd. Dervy, 2012.
Edelmam, Gerald M. Biologie de la conscience. Odile Jacob, 2008.
La face cachée du surpoids: Après tant d'acharnement-- libérez-vous! Béliveau éditeur, 2014.
Canada. Direction générale des services et de la promotion de la santé. Niveaux de poids associés à la santé: Lignes directrices canadiennes. Santé et bien-être social Canada, 1988.
Koch, Christof. À la recherche de la conscience: Une enquête neurobiologique. O. Jacob, 2006.
Larocque, Maurice. Maigrir par le contrôle des émotions. 5th ed. Quebecor, 2004.
Zen-Brain reflections: Reviewing recent developments in meditation and states of consciousness. MIT Press, 2006.