Relevant bibliographies by topics / Perturbation training

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Academic literature on the topic 'Perturbation training'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Perturbation training"

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Shafahi, Ali, Mahyar Najibi, Zheng Xu, John Dickerson, Larry S. Davis, and Tom Goldstein. "Universal Adversarial Training." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 04 (April 3, 2020): 5636–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i04.6017.

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Standard adversarial attacks change the predicted class label of a selected image by adding specially tailored small perturbations to its pixels. In contrast, a universal perturbation is an update that can be added to any image in a broad class of images, while still changing the predicted class label. We study the efficient generation of universal adversarial perturbations, and also efficient methods for hardening networks to these attacks. We propose a simple optimization-based universal attack that reduces the top-1 accuracy of various network architectures on ImageNet to less than 20%, while learning the universal perturbation 13× faster than the standard method.To defend against these perturbations, we propose universal adversarial training, which models the problem of robust classifier generation as a two-player min-max game, and produces robust models with only 2× the cost of natural training. We also propose a simultaneous stochastic gradient method that is almost free of extra computation, which allows us to do universal adversarial training on ImageNet.
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Gorman, Jamie C., Nancy J. Cooke, and Polemnia G. Amazeen. "Training Adaptive Teams." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 52, no. 2 (April 2010): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720810371689.

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Objective: We report an experiment in which three training approaches are compared with the goal of training adaptive teams. Background: Cross-training is an established method in which team members are trained with the goal of building shared knowledge. Perturbation training is a new method in which team interactions are constrained to provide new coordination experiences during task acquisition. These two approaches, and a more traditional procedural approach, are compared. Method: Assigned to three training conditions were 26 teams. Teams flew nine simulated uninhabited air vehicle missions; three were critical tests of the team’s ability to adapt to novel situations. Team performance, response time to novel events, and shared knowledge were measured. Results: Perturbation-trained teams significantly outperformed teams in the other conditions in two out of three critical test missions. Cross-training resulted in significant increases in shared teamwork knowledge and highest mean performance in one critical test. Procedural training led to the least adaptive teams. Conclusion: Perturbation training allows teams to match coordination variability during training to demands for coordination variability during posttraining performance. Although cross-training has adaptive benefits, it is suggested that process-oriented approaches, such as perturbation training, can lead to more adaptive teams. Application: Perturbation training is amenable to simulation-based training, where perturbations provide interaction experiences that teams can transfer to novel, real-world situations.
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Burne, Graham, and Christopher Tack. "Overhead Perturbation Training." Strength and Conditioning Journal 39, no. 3 (June 2017): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000280.

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Dusane, Shamali, and Tanvi Bhatt. "Mixed slip-trip perturbation training for improving reactive responses in people with chronic stroke." Journal of Neurophysiology 124, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00671.2019.

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Block perturbation training led to development of favorable reactive responses to counteract treadmill-based, slip-like and trip-like stance perturbations among people with chronic stroke. During mixed block, previously acquired adaptive changes in reactive responses from slip-block training were not maintained, probably due to interference offered by trip block. Instead, on trip-like perturbations, trip block-induced adaptation was maintained and continued to show further improvement. Our findings might provide future direction for designing effective mixed perturbation training paradigms to counteract both opposing perturbation types.
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Taylor, Jeffrey B. "Lower Extremity Perturbation Training." Strength and Conditioning Journal 33, no. 2 (April 2011): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0b013e318211aaaa.

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Mansfield, Avril, Amy L. Peters, Barbara A. Liu, and Brian E. Maki. "Effect of a Perturbation-Based Balance Training Program on Compensatory Stepping and Grasping Reactions in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Physical Therapy 90, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): 476–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20090070.

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BackgroundCompensatory stepping and grasping reactions are prevalent responses to sudden loss of balance and play a critical role in preventing falls. The ability to execute these reactions effectively is impaired in older adults.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate a perturbation-based balance training program designed to target specific age-related impairments in compensatory stepping and grasping balance recovery reactions.DesignThis was a double-blind randomized controlled trial.SettingThe study was conducted at research laboratories in a large urban hospital.ParticipantsThirty community-dwelling older adults (aged 64–80 years) with a recent history of falls or self-reported instability participated in the study.InterventionParticipants were randomly assigned to receive either a 6-week perturbation-based (motion platform) balance training program or a 6-week control program involving flexibility and relaxation training.MeasurementsFeatures of balance reactions targeted by the perturbation-based program were: (1) multi-step reactions, (2) extra lateral steps following anteroposterior perturbations, (3) foot collisions following lateral perturbations, and (4) time to complete grasping reactions. The reactions were evoked during testing by highly unpredictable surface translation and cable pull perturbations, both of which differed from the perturbations used during training.ResultsCompared with the control program, the perturbation-based training led to greater reductions in frequency of multi-step reactions and foot collisions that were statistically significant for surface translations but not cable pulls. The perturbation group also showed significantly greater reduction in handrail contact time compared with the control group for cable pulls and a possible trend in this direction for surface translations.LimitationsFurther work is needed to determine whether a maintenance program is needed to retain the training benefits and to assess whether these benefits reduce fall risk in daily life.ConclusionPerturbation-based training shows promise as an effective intervention to improve the ability of older adults to prevent themselves from falling when they lose their balance.
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Epro, G., A. Mierau, C. McCrum, M. Leyendecker, G. P. Brüggemann, and K. Karamanidis. "Retention of gait stability improvements over 1.5 years in older adults: effects of perturbation exposure and triceps surae neuromuscular exercise." Journal of Neurophysiology 119, no. 6 (June 1, 2018): 2229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00513.2017.

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The plantarflexors play a crucial role in recovery from sudden disturbances to gait. The objective of this study was to investigate whether medium (months)- or long(years)-term exercise-induced enhancement of triceps surae (TS) neuromuscular capacities affects older adults’ ability to retain improvements in reactive gait stability during perturbed walking acquired from perturbation training sessions. Thirty-four adult women (65 ± 7 yr) were recruited to a perturbation training group ( n = 13) or a group that additionally completed 14 wk of TS neuromuscular exercise ( n = 21), 12 of whom continued with the exercise for 1.5 yr. The margin of stability (MoS) was analyzed at touchdown of the perturbed step and the first recovery step following eight separate unexpected trip perturbations during treadmill walking. TS muscle-tendon unit mechanical properties and motor skill performance were assessed with ultrasonography and dynamometry. Two perturbation training sessions (baseline and after 14 wk) caused an improvement in the reactive gait stability to the perturbations (increased MoS) in both groups. The perturbation training group retained the reactive gait stability improvements acquired over 14 wk and over 1.5 yr, with a minor decay over time. Despite the improvements in TS capacities in the additional exercise group, no benefits for the reactive gait stability following perturbations were identified. Therefore, older adults’ neuromotor system shows rapid plasticity to repeated unexpected perturbations and an ability to retain these adaptations in reactive gait stability over a long time period, but an additional exercise-related enhancement of TS capacities seems not to further improve these effects. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Older adults’ neuromotor system shows rapid plasticity to repeated exposure to unexpected perturbations to gait and an ability to retain the majority of these adaptations in reactive recovery responses over a prolonged time period of 1.5 yr. However, an additional exercise-related enhancement of TS neuromuscular capacities is not necessarily transferred to the recovery behavior during unexpected perturbations to gait in older adults.
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Gorman, Jamie C., Nancy J. Cooke, Jennifer L. Winner, Jasmine L. Duran, Harry K. Pedersen, and Amanda R. Taylor. "Knowledge Training versus Process Training: The Effects of Training Protocol on Team Coordination and Performance." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 4 (October 2007): 382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705100449.

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Three-person teams controlling a simulated unmanned aerial vehicle underwent different training regimes in order to assess the effect of process-based and knowledge-based training on team coordination and performance. Coordination and performance were assessed during training and eight to eleven weeks after training. Process training consisted of either enforcing a rigid coordination process or forcing teams to coordinate in different ways through the introduction of perturbations. Knowledge training consisted of cross-training teams on each others roles. Results indicate that process training had a significant effect on team coordination. In addition, the qualitative nature of coordination flexibility changed from training to retention for process versus knowledge trained teams, with process teams behaving flexibly at retention. Perturbation process training led to significantly higher team performance under high workload. Rigid process training lead to significantly lower performance in one of the retention missions.
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Ramakrishnan, Ramya, Chongjie Zhang, and Julie Shah. "Perturbation Training for Human-Robot Teams." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 59 (July 31, 2017): 495–541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.5390.

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In this work, we design and evaluate a computational learning model that enables a human-robot team to co-develop joint strategies for performing novel tasks that require coordination. The joint strategies are learned through "perturbation training," a human team-training strategy that requires team members to practice variations of a given task to help their team generalize to new variants of that task. We formally define the problem of human-robot perturbation training and develop and evaluate the first end-to-end framework for such training, which incorporates a multi-agent transfer learning algorithm, human-robot co-learning framework and communication protocol. Our transfer learning algorithm, Adaptive Perturbation Training (AdaPT), is a hybrid of transfer and reinforcement learning techniques that learns quickly and robustly for new task variants. We empirically validate the benefits of AdaPT through comparison to other hybrid reinforcement and transfer learning techniques aimed at transferring knowledge from multiple source tasks to a single target task. We also demonstrate that AdaPT's rapid learning supports live interaction between a person and a robot, during which the human-robot team trains to achieve a high level of performance for new task variants. We augment AdaPT with a co-learning framework and a computational bi-directional communication protocol so that the robot can co-train with a person during live interaction. Results from large-scale human subject experiments (n=48) indicate that AdaPT enables an agent to learn in a manner compatible with a human's own learning process, and that a robot undergoing perturbation training with a human results in a high level of team performance. Finally, we demonstrate that human-robot training using AdaPT in a simulation environment produces effective performance for a team incorporating an embodied robot partner.
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Silkman, Carrie, Matthew Hoch, and Jennifer McKeon. "Perturbation Training Prior to ACL Reconstruction." Athletic Therapy Today 15, no. 3 (May 2010): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/att.15.3.11.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Perturbation training"

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Ramakrishnan, Ramya. "Perturbation training for human-robot teams." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99845.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 63-67).
Today, robots are often deployed to work separately from people. Combining the strengths of humans and robots, however, can potentially lead to a stronger joint team. To have fluid human-robot collaboration, these teams must train to achieve high team performance and flexibility on new tasks. This requires a computational model that supports the human in learning and adapting to new situations. In this work, we design and evaluate a computational learning model that enables a human-robot team to co-develop joint strategies for performing novel tasks requiring coordination. The joint strategies are learned through "perturbation training," a human team-training strategy that requires practicing variations of a given task to help the team generalize to new variants of that task. Our Adaptive Perturbation Training (AdaPT) algorithm is a hybrid of transfer learning and reinforcement learning techniques and extends the Policy Reuse in Q-Learning (PRQL) algorithm to learn more quickly in new task variants. We empirically validate this advantage of AdaPT over PRQL through computational simulations. We then augment our algorithm AdaPT with a co-learning framework and a computational bi-directional communication protocol so that the robot can work with a person in live interactions. These three features constitute our human-robot perturbation training model. We conducted human subject experiments to show proof-of-concept that our model enables a robot to draw from its library of prior experiences in a way that leads to high team performance. We compare our algorithm with a standard reinforcement learning algorithm Q-learning and find that AdaPT-trained teams achieved significantly higher reward on novel test tasks than Q-learning teams. This indicates that the robot's algorithm, rather than just the human's experience of perturbations, is key to achieving high team performance. We also show that our algorithm does not sacrifice performance on the base task after training on perturbations. Finally, we demonstrate that human-robot training in a simulation environment using AdaPT produced effective team performance with an embodied robot partner.
by Ramya Ramakrishnan.
S.M.
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Bresloff, Valerie Isabel. "Stability and perturbation in counselling training : a case study." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/895/.

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This thesis explores stability and perturbation in learning situated in a counselling training culture that is shaped by humanistic-integrative core theory values. The case study on which the thesis is based focuses on a group of six students and two tutors on a Diploma in Counselling and Human Relations course. As an integral part of the training programme, the participants were asked to use a conceptual model imported from a psychotherapy context. This model was initially chosen for the purposes of evaluating its effectiveness as a learning tool for use in counselling training. During the study, the emphasis changed to an interest in understanding how use of this model affected the process of learning. The thesis is based on an in-depth analysis of the impact of this model on the learning process in the group. The case study is shaped by an `action research' (McCutcheon et al., 1987) model that both reflects the inquirer's position as a tutor and researcher in the counselling community investigated and the professional development dimension of the research. Data was gathered over a period of seven months, using individual and group interviews, and observations of participants' training practices. The research methodology stems from an interpretivist, or hermeneutic tradition of story telling. Within the qualitative parameters of this philosophical orientation, the data is constructed on the basis of a critical understanding of Wenger's (1998) situated perspective on learning. From this perspective, learning assumes a social, or relational location. The research suggests that counselling training can be usefully understood as a participatory process that includes both stability and perturbation, and this has implications for counselling training practices that are shaped by a core theoretical model.
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Bieryla, Kathleen A. "An investigation of perturbation-based balance training as a fall prevention intervention for older adults." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28459.

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Approximately one in three adults 65 years and older fall each year and these falls lead to a substantial number of serious injuries and deaths. Numerous interventions have been proposed for fall-prevention but the efficacy can vary, and may be due to the general nature of the interventions. Older adults may be able to improve their ability to recover from a postural perturbation through perturbation-based balance training (PBBT), similar to the way other motor skills can be improved through training. The purpose of the first study was to investigate the effects of age and fall risk on the efficacy of PBBT. Participants (young adults, older adults at low-risk of falling, older adults at high-risk of falling) completed PBBT on a moving platform three times a week for one month. Balance was quantified using the time to stabilization of the COP and normalized to platform displacement (nTTS), where a decrease in nTTS can be interpreted as an improvement in balance. A significant main effect of group revealed high-risk fallers had a significantly higher nTTS than young adults and a significant main effect of session revealed nTTS was significantly lower one week and one month post-training than before training. The purpose of the second study was to investigate the effect of training amount on the efficacy of PBBT in older adults. Ten healthy older adults completed PBBT either three times a week or five times a week for four weeks. Both training amounts were sufficient for significant improvements in nTTS one week after training. However, training five times a week was necessary for older adults to maintain improvements in nTTS one month post training. The purpose of the third study was to investigate the need for PBBT after strength training in order to improve balance in older adults. A torque-driven, three-segment, musculoskeletal model and forward dynamic simulations were used to address the hypothesis. Increasing joint strength was beneficial in recovering balance from a postural perturbation only after re-optimization of the torque activation. These results provide support for supplementing strength training fall prevention interventions in older adults with task-related practice.
Ph. D.
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Ahn, Jooeun Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Feasibility of novel gait training with robotic assistance : dynamic entrainment to mechanical perturbation to the ankle." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67574.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-156).
Rehabilitation of human motor function is an issue of the utmost significance, and the demand for the effective rehabilitation service is even growing with the graying of the population. Robotic technology has provided promising ways to assist recovery of the motor function of upper extremities. In contrast, current robotic therapy for lower extremities has shown inferior efficacy. In this thesis, the source of the limited efficacy of current robotic walking therapy is addressed. Essential mechanical components for robustly stable walking are identified as energy dissipation and proper compensation. Based on these essential components, design criteria of effective robotic walking therapy are suggested as foot-ground interaction and ankle actuation. A novel strategy of robot aided walking therapy reflecting the design criteria is proposed; dynamically entraining human gait with periodic ankle torque from a robot. Experiments with normal subjects and neurologically impaired subjects support the feasibility of the proposed rehabilitation strategy. The gait period of subjects entrain to the periodic mechanical perturbation with a measurable basin of entrainment, and the entrainment always accompanies phase-locking so that the mechanical perturbation assists propulsion. These observations are affected neither by auditory feedback nor by a distractor task for normal subjects, and consistently observed in impaired subjects. A highly simplified one degree of freedom walking model without supra-spinal control or an intrinsic self-sustaining neural oscillator (a rhythmic pattern generator) encapsulated the essence of these observations. This suggests that several prominent limit-cycle features of human walking may stem from peripheral mechanics mediated by simple afferent feedback without significant involvement of supra-spinal control or central pattern generator. The competence of the highly simplified model supports that the proposed entrainment therapy may be effective for a wide range of neurological impairments.
by Jooeun Ahn.
Ph.D.
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Parijat, Prakriti. "Preventing slip-induced falls in older adults: perturbation training using a moveable platform and virtual reality." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40476.

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Slip-induced fall related injuries are a serious public health issue among older adults leading to considerable mortality, morbidity, and immobility. Existing proactive exercise interventions have produced mixed results on the success of reducing fall accidents. A training intervention may be effective in reducing slip-induced falls, if it can help older adults to practice movements related to recovery responses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two different training interventions using a moveable platform and virtual reality in order to improve reactive recovery in older adults. Thirty-six older adults were recruited and randomly assigned to three groups (moveable platform training, virtual reality training, and control). The training groups underwent three sessions including baseline slip, training, and transfer of training on a slippery surface. The control group underwent three similar sessions as the training groups, with the training session replaced with a normal walking session. Kinematic, kinetic, and EMG data were collected during all the sessions. The moveable platform training group was repeatedly exposed to simulated slips induced by anterior-posterior movement of a platform. The virtual reality training group was repeatedly exposed to perturbation induced by visual tilts in the virtual environment while walking on the treadmill. Various biomechanical and neuromuscular characteristics were identified to quantify the effects of training. The results indicated a beneficial effect of both training methods in improving recovery reactions in older adults via proactive and reactive adjustments. The reactive adjustments involved faster response to a slip perturbation mediated by reduced time for onset and peak muscle activation (specifically knee flexor), reduced knee and ankle coactivity, reduced time for peak knee, hip, and trunk angles, and angular velocity. The proactive adjustments involved an increased center-of-mass velocity and transitional acceleration of center-of-mass. The overall fall frequency was reduced in the training groups as compared to the control group through improvements in proactive and reactive responses.
Ph. D.
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Kronenberger, Jenna N. "What is the effectiveness of neuromuscular training versus traditional strength training on restoration of knee function in the rehabilitation of non-operative or post-operative anterior cruciate ligament patients? A Systematic Review." Walsh University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=walshhonors1524153666369126.

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Borghesi, Francesco. "Effetti del training con treadmill perturbato rispetto a training con treadmill convenzionale sulla performace del cammino e sul controllo posturale in persone affette da morbo di Parkinson: revisione sistematica della letteratura." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21963/.

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BACKGROUND: il morbo di Parkinson è una patologia neurodegenerativa caratterizzata da un ampio spettro di sintomi clinici; tra questi i deficit del cammino e del controllo posturale rappresentano la componente preminente dell’alterato quadro motorio tipico di questa patologia. Tra gli interventi non farmacologici il treadmill rappresenta un’opzione terapeutica dalla quale si stanno sviluppando nuovi approcci, quali l’aggiunta di destabilizzazioni posturali. OBIETTIVO: confrontare l’efficacia del training tramite treadmill perturbato, con il training convenzionale tramite treadmill, in soggetti affetti da morbo di Parkinson, per quanto concerne gli outcome del cammino e del controllo posturale. DISEGNO DI STUDIO: revisione sistematica di Randomized Controlled Trials, redatta secondo la checklist del PRISMA statement. FONTI DEI DATI: banche dati elettroniche indagate PubMed, CENTRAL, PEDro, Trip Medical Database, CINAHL. Ricerche aggiuntive sono state condotte tramite l’analisi delle citazioni bibliografiche di articoli trattanti i medesimi argomenti. La ricerca è stata condotta da Marzo 2020 al 15 Ottobre 2020. CRITERI DI ELEGGIBILITA’: sono stati consultati RCT che indagassero la comparazione tra il PTT e il CTT, in soggetti affetti da morbo di Parkinson, per quanto concerne gli outcome riguardanti il miglioramento del cammino e del controllo posturale. RISULTATI: 5 studi inclusi. L’analisi complessiva dei risultati non indica una superiore efficacia PTT, rispetto al CTT, nella riabilitazione di pazienti affetti da morbo di Parkinson. Entrambe le tipologie di intervento mostrano miglioramenti significativi relativamente al cammino, e miglioramenti non rilevanti riguardo al controllo posturale. Risultano però delle “tendenze positive” a favore dell’intervento con PTT per alcuni parametri sia del cammino, sia del controllo posturale. CONCLUSIONI: il riscontro di “tendenze positive” nel PTT fornisce uno spunto rilavante per la pratica clinica e per ricerche future.
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Sousa, Patricia Nascimento de. "Efeito do treinamento de força na estabilidade postural de mulheres idosas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-31052012-125453/.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do treinamento de força muscular dos membros inferiores na estabilidade postural de mulheres idosas. As participantes (n =21) eram saudáveis, com idade entre 60 e 75 anos (M = 64,4 anos), e foram designadas a um grupo de treinamento (TF) ou a um grupo controle (CO). Esses grupos foram comparados em estabilidade postural e força antes e após um programa de treinamento de força para o grupo TF. A estabilidade postural foi avaliada em posturas eretas estáticas com apoio unipodal e bipodal, e em situações em que a estabilidade postural bipodal foi perturbada de forma previsível ou imprevisível. A perturbação previsível foi produzida por um movimento voluntário, por meio da elevação rápida com as mãos, de cargas conhecidas: 1 Kg, 3 Kg ou 5 Kg. A perturbação imprevisível foi produzida pela alteração inesperada da carga de 3 Kg para a carga de 1 Kg ou de 5 Kg antes de sua elevação. Os resultados indicaram aumento da força muscular após o treinamento de força. Quanto à estabilidade postural, nãob foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos após o treinamento para as tarefas de apoio bipodal e apoio unipodal. A estabilidade postural foi afetada principalmente, quando uma carga mais leve foi elevada na situação imprevisível, gerando maior deslocamento anterior e posterior do CP. Entretanto, não houve efeito do treinamento de força no deslocamento do CP. Após o treinamento de força, o grupo TF apresentou uma redução do tempo de deslocamento posterior do CP e uma redução na variabilidade de amplitude do CP após ajustes compensatórios. Estes resultados sugerem que o treinamento de força não afeta o equilíbrio de idosos em situações estáticas ou componentes de ajustes iniciais com a perturbação da postura, mas houve um efeito positivo nos componentes tardios de ajustes após a perturbação
The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of strength training of the lower limbs on postural stability of older women. Participants (n =21) were healthy, with ages ranging between 60 and 75 years (M=64.4 years); they were assigned to two groups: strength training (ST) and control (CO). These groups were compared for postural stability and muscular strength before and after a strength training program for the ST group. Postural stability was evaluated in uni and bipodal static stance, and in situations of predictable and unpredictable perturbation of balance. The predictable disturbance was produced through the action of lifting a known load (1 kg, 3 kg or 5 kg) with the hands. The unpredictable disturbance was produced by an unexpected alteration of the load of 3 kg to 1 kg or 5 kg right before lifting the load up. The results indicated increased muscle strength after strength training. Regarding postural stability, no significant difference was detected between groups for uni/bipodal static postures. Postural stability was most affected when a lighter weight was lifted in the unpredictable situation, leading to greater anterior and posterior center of pressure (CP) displacement. Strength training, however, had no effect on the initial CP displacement. After training, the ST group showed shorter time of posterior CP displacement and lower variability of CP range after compensatory adjustments. These results suggest that strength training for elderly individuals does not affect stability in static postures or the early component of adjustments to balance perturbation, but it has a positive effect on the late component of adjustments to balance perturbation
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Augustijn, Julia. "Möglichkeiten und Grenzen bewegungstherapeutischer Intervention bei Parkinsonpatienten." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-94980.

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Die posturale Instabilität zählt zu den am meisten beeinträchtigenden Symptomen der Parkinson-Krankheit. Die Störung der motorischen Gleichgewichtskontrolle ist progressiv im Verlauf und weder durch medikamentöse noch durch operative Methoden zufriedenstellend einzudämmen. In der Bewegungstherapie werden häufig Gleichgewichtsübungen empfohlen, um ein Fortschreiten der körperlichen Einschränkungen zu verringern. Der aktuelle wissenschaftliche Stand lässt allerdings eine Einschätzung zur Effektivität von Gleichgewichtstraining bei Parkinsonpatienten kaum zu. Dies ist u. a. auf einen Mangel an geeigneten Testverfahren zur Beurteilung der posturalen Instabilität zurückzuführen. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden die Auswirkungen eines 12-wöchigen Gleichgewichtstrainings bei Parkinsonpatienten auf die posturale Stabilität in einem umfassenden Testdesign, bestehend aus alltagsmotorischen, biomechanischen und subjektiven Testverfahren evaluiert. In nahezu allen eingesetzten Testverfahren zeigte sich ein mehr oder weniger deutlicher Trend zu einer Verbesserung der posturalen Stabilität. Durch den Einsatz einer Testbatterie konnte somit insgesamt von einem positiven Einfluss eines Gleichgewichtstrainings auf die posturale Stabilität von Parkinsonpatienten ausgegangen werden. Weiterhin werden zahlreiche positive Nebeneffekte bzgl. der allgemeinen Fitness, der psychischen und sozialen Situation durch ein zielgerichtetes Gruppentraining unter geschulter Anleitung vermutet.
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Combes, Adrien. "Influence des perturbations métaboliques sur des voies de signalisation impliquées dans la biogenèse mitochondriale." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S045/document.

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L’évolution des populations occidentales s’accompagne d’une augmentation de la sédentarité et des maladies métaboliques qui accroissent les problèmes de santé. Ces évolutions ont des répercussions sur le muscle squelettique qui voit sa capacité à produire de l’énergie aérobie diminuer. Néanmoins, le muscle squelettique est très plastique et les capacités oxydatives musculaires s’améliorent rapidement par l'activité physique. Les mitochondries sont des éléments majeurs des capacités oxydatives musculaires et la compréhension des mécanismes moléculaires qui régissent la biogenèse et la fonction mitochondriale est nécessaire pour prescrire au mieux l’activité physique.L’exercice intermittent semble être de plus en plus utilisé dans la pratique. Plusieurs arguments sont mis en avant pour préconiser cette modalité : 1) le temps passé à haute consommation d’oxygène, 2) la haute intensité et 3) les perturbations métaboliques induites par les variations d’intensité au cours de l’exercice. Cependant, l’influence des perturbations métaboliques sur les capacités oxydatives musculaires n’a pas encore été clairement démontrée. L’objet des mes travaux de thèse s’est donc focalisé sur ces perturbations métaboliques et leurs effets sur les voies de signalisation impliquées dans la biogenèse mitochondriale. Afin de caractériser l’implication des perturbations métaboliques dans la stimulation des voies de signalisation de la biogenèse mitochondriale, nous avons comparé l’influence d’exercices aigus sur ces voies de signalisation. Deux protocoles nous ont permis d’investiguer l’influence des variations métaboliques. Le premier a consisté, lors d’un exercice de intermittent, à identifier la durée du cycle induisant les plus grandes perturbations métaboliques et à caractériser les effets de la modalité d’exercice sur un exercice de 30 minutes de pédalage à 70%WRpic. Le second protocole visait à déterminer l’influence de la répétition des perturbations métaboliques sur les voies de signalisation régulant la biogenèse mitochondriale.Afin d’identifier la durée de cycle produisant le plus de variations métaboliques, nous avons analysé l’évolution de la consommation d’oxygène et quantifié les variations métaboliques. Pour cela nous avons utilisé trois paramètres : 1) un paramètre quantitatif, 2) un paramètre qualitatif et 3) un index associant les paramètres quantitatif et qualitatif. La comparaison de trois durées de cycle différentes (30s d’effort:30s de récupération passive ; 60s:60s et 120s:120s) nous a permis de mettre en évidence que la modalité 60s:60s est celle qui induit le plus de variations métaboliques et cela pour une dépense énergétique identique pour les trois modalités.Notre seconde étude a consisté à comparer 30 minutes de pédalage à 70%WRpic sous deux modalités différentes : continue (1 bloc de 30min) et intermittente (30 bloc de 1min entrecoupés de 1min). La répétition de phase d’exercice et de repos lors de l’exercice intermittent créée plus de perturbation du métabolisme et entraîne une phosphorylation supérieure de l'AMPK, CaMKII et p38 MAPK. Ces kinases sont situées en amont de PGC-1α, un important régulateur de la biogenèse mitochondriale dans le muscle squelettique. Ces résultats mettent donc en évidence un effet spécifique des perturbations métaboliques sur les voies de signalisation contrôlant la biogenèse mitochondriale.Ces travaux ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives sur les méthodes de réentraînement de personnes sédentaires ou atteintes de pathologie chronique. Les futurs travaux viseront à confirmer nos résultats lors d’interventions chroniques et d’explorer ces effets chez différentes populations
Western life evolution is associated with an increase in sedentary behaviours and metabolic diseases leading to health alteration. This evolution affects the skeletal muscle, which is characterized by a decrease in its ability to produce aerobic energy. However, skeletal muscle is a highly malleable tissue, capable of considerable metabolic adaptations in response to physical activity. Mitochondria produce the aerobic energy within the skeletal muscle. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and its function is necessary to improve physical activity prescription.The intermittent exercise is currently used in rehabilitation programs. Several arguments are put forward to utilizing this method: 1) the time spent at high oxygen consumption, 2) the high intensity of exercise and 3) the metabolic disturbances induced by variations of intensity during exercise. However, the influence of metabolic disturbances on muscle oxidative capacity has not been clearly demonstrated. The purpose of my thesis work has therefore focused on these metabolic perturbations and their effects on signalling pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. In order to characterize the influence of metabolic disturbances on the signalling pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, we compared the influence of acute exercises. We realized two protocols to investigate the influence of metabolic disturbances. The first study compared three intermittent exercises in order to identify the optimal duty-cycle duration to induce the biggest metabolic disturbances and to compare metabolic responses of intermittent and continuous exercise performed at 70%WRpic. The second protocol evaluated the influence of the repetition of metabolic disturbances on signalling pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis.In order to identify the duty-cycle duration producing more metabolic fluctuations, we analysed the changes of oxygen consumption and quantified metabolic variations. We used three parameters: 1) a quantitative parameter, 2) a qualitative parameter, and 3) an index combining quantitative and qualitative parameters. Comparison of three different duty-cycle durations (30s work:30s passive recovery; 60s:60s, and 120s:120s) revealed that the 60s:60s modality induces more metabolic fluctuations for a same energy expenditure.Our second study compared 30 minutes of pedalling at 70%WRpic realized by two different modalities: continuous (30min 1 block) and intermittent (30 1min block interspersed by 1min of passive recovery). Repetition of transitions from rest to exercise during the intermittent exercise creates higher metabolic disturbances and leads to a higher phosphorylation of AMPK, p38 MAPK and CaMKII. These kinases are upstream of PGC-1α, an important regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. All together, these results demonstrate that metabolic disturbances are involved in mitochondrial signalling pathways activation.This work opens up new perspectives on exercise training prescription for sedentary or chronic pathology people. Future work will aim to confirm our results in chronic interventions and explore these effects in different populations
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Books on the topic "Perturbation training"

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Klamroth, Sarah. Perturbation Treadmill Training in Parkinson’s Disease. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20543-0.

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Klamroth, Sarah. Perturbation Treadmill Training in Parkinson’s Disease: A Novel Approach for Neurological Rehabilitation. Springer, 2017.

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Book chapters on the topic "Perturbation training"

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Klamroth, Sarah. "Introduction." In Perturbation Treadmill Training in Parkinson’s Disease, 1. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20543-0_1.

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Klamroth, Sarah. "Methods." In Perturbation Treadmill Training in Parkinson’s Disease, 3–7. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20543-0_2.

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Klamroth, Sarah. "Results." In Perturbation Treadmill Training in Parkinson’s Disease, 9–23. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20543-0_3.

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Klamroth, Sarah. "Discussion." In Perturbation Treadmill Training in Parkinson’s Disease, 25–27. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20543-0_4.

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Klamroth, Sarah. "Clinical Message." In Perturbation Treadmill Training in Parkinson’s Disease, 29. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20543-0_5.

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Jin, Hongwei, and Xinhua Zhang. "Robust Training of Graph Convolutional Networks via Latent Perturbation." In Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases, 394–411. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67664-3_24.

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Varga, Tamás, and Horst Bunke. "Perturbation Models for Generating Synthetic Training Data in Handwriting Recognition." In Machine Learning in Document Analysis and Recognition, 333–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76280-5_13.

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Matjačić, Zlatko, Matjaž Zadravec, Nataša Bizovičar, Nika Goljar, and Andrej Olenšek. "Novel Perturbation-Based Approaches Using Pelvis Exoskeleton Robot in Gait and Balance Training After Stroke." In Biosystems & Biorobotics, 91–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01887-0_18.

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Xu, Wei-Hong, Guo-Ping Chen, and Zhong-Ke Xie. "Impacts of Perturbations of Training Patterns on Two Fuzzy Associative Memories Based on T-Norms." In Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2006, 810–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11759966_119.

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Duke, Michael, and S. Brent Brotzman. "Ankle-Specific Perturbation Training." In Clinical Orthopaedic Rehabilitation: a Team Approach, 273–74. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-39370-6.00040-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Perturbation training"

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Wang, Zhuoyi, Yu Lin, YiFan Li, Feng Mi, Zachary Tian, Latifur Khan, and Bhavani Thuraisingham. "Unsupervised Perturbation based Self-Supervised Adversarial Training." In 2021 7th IEEE Intl Conference on Big Data Security on Cloud (BigDataSecurity), IEEE Intl Conference on High Performance and Smart Computing, (HPSC) and IEEE Intl Conference on Intelligent Data and Security (IDS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bigdatasecurityhpscids52275.2021.00015.

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Peng, Wei-Ren, Zhihong Li, Fei Zhu, and Yusheng Bai. "Training-based Determination of Perturbation Coefficients for Fiber Nonlinearity Mitigation." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2015.th3d.2.

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Siddhartha, Siddhartha, Steven Wilton, David Boland, Barry Flower, Perry Blackmore, and Philip Leong. "Simultaneous Inference and Training Using On-FPGA Weight Perturbation Techniques." In 2018 International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology (FPT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fpt.2018.00060.

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Zhang, Jianguo, Ji Wang, Lifang He, Zhao Li, and Philip S. Yu. "Layerwise Perturbation-Based Adversarial Training for Hard Drive Health Degree Prediction." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdm.2018.00197.

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He, Chunmei. "Influences of Perturbation of Training Pattern Pairs on Morphological Bidirectional Associative Memories." In 2011 International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation (ICICTA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicta.2011.565.

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"On the use of simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation for neural network training." In Proceedings of the 1999 American Control Conference. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.1999.782807.

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Sato, Motoki, Jun Suzuki, Hiroyuki Shindo, and Yuji Matsumoto. "Interpretable Adversarial Perturbation in Input Embedding Space for Text." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/601.

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Following great success in the image processing field, the idea of adversarial training has been applied to tasks in the natural language processing (NLP) field. One promising approach directly applies adversarial training developed in the image processing field to the input word embedding space instead of the discrete input space of texts. However, this approach abandons such interpretability as generating adversarial texts to significantly improve the performance of NLP tasks. This paper restores interpretability to such methods by restricting the directions of perturbations toward the existing words in the input embedding space. As a result, we can straightforwardly reconstruct each input with perturbations to an actual text by considering the perturbations to be the replacement of words in the sentence while maintaining or even improving the task performance.
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Doulaty, Mortaza, Richard Rose, and Olivier Siohan. "Automatic optimization of data perturbation distributions for multi-style training in speech recognition." In 2016 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/slt.2016.7846240.

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Wang, Chen, Jun Shi, Yikai Ni, Yuanyuan Zhou, Xiaqing Yang, Shunjun Wei, and Xiaoling Zhang. "Semi-Supervised Learning-Based Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification Via Adaptive Perturbation Training." In IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323430.

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Coslovich, Giacomo, Claudio Giannetti, Federico Cilento, Gabriele Ferrini, Fulvio Parmigiani, Adolfo Avella, and Ferdinando Mancini. "Quasi-particles dynamics in underdoped Bi2212 under strong optical perturbation." In LECTURES ON THE PHYSICS OF STRONGLY CORRELATED SYSTEMS XIII: Thirteenth Training Course in the Physics of Strongly Correlated Systems. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3225479.

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